Information Resource Management

Week 1

History on Secured information

1900 BC first written cryptography 500 BC Hebrew substitution cipher 50 BC Caesar cipher 1844 telegraph (easily “tapped”, civil

war) 1876 telephone invented 1900 radio/wireless (easy intercept)

WAVE PERIOD ACTIVITIES

First Wave Agriculture Age Farming

Second Wave Industrial AgeMass

production

Third WaveInformation

AgeSpecification/inf

o

What is … Information

Information is data that have been collected and processed into a meaningful form.

Why Information Needed? To perform task/job. To plan. To solve problems. To make decision. To take action

Sources of Information Internal Sources

Organizational chart – who does what? Reports and annual accounts List of directors and managers with their

responsibilities. Telephone directories Personnel departments

Sources of Information External Sources

Reference books Quality newspapers / magazines Public / academic libraries Public relation department of a company Commercial organization who is expert in

providing companies information through computer.

What is … Resources

A re-usable source of supply to produce something. Examples include human, financial, material, and information resources. To maximize the efficient and effective use of resources, they must be classified in order to share them and eliminate unwanted redundancy, and controlled in order to receive, store and distribute them properly.

What is … Management

A set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial, physical, and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.

What is IRM??? IRM can be stated simply as a process to

manage information efficiently and effectively in fulfilling the objectives of the firm.

IRM concepts rest under the premise that information, information related activities, technologies and personnel are important organizational resources that deserve to be managed like any other resources in the organization (Trauth, 1989).

Definitions of IRMIRM is the management (planning,

organization, operations and control) of the resources (human and physical) concerned with the systems support

(development, enhancement and maintenance) and the servicing

(processing, transformation, distribution, storage and retrieval) of information (data, text, voice, image)

for an enterprise. - (Schneyman, 1985)

Definitions … IRM is the recognition by an organization

that data and information are valuable resources and the application of the same principles an managing data and information as are used in managing physical resources such as personnel. (McLeod and Brittain-White, 1988).

IRM, simply put, is the belief that information is an asset that should be managed rigorously and can contribute to the success of businesses. (Kerr, 1991)

Definitions … IRM is an activity that is pursued by

managers on all levels of the firm for the purpose of identifying, acquiring, and managing the information resources needed to satisfy information needs. (McLeod and Schell, 2001).

Components of IRM in Modern Organization

The Information ResourcesThe Information Resources

Facilities

Software DatabaseHardware

InformationSpecialists

Users

Information

2-10

Why IRM? Necessity in today’s modern

organization. The engine that is driving the

information economy whereby information and knowledge are intensively used.

Information resources --- important asset. Therefore, it need effective

management.

Benefits of IRM Identifies gaps and duplication of

information; Clarifies roles and responsibilities of owners

and users of information; Provide costs saving in the procurement

and handling of information; Identifies cost/benefits of different

information resources; Actively supports management decision

processes with quality information.

Who needs IRM? Any organization that wants to

survive in today’s turbulent dynamic environment need IRM in order to be adaptive, knowing and learning.

Adaptive Organization

An organization that modifies its business practices in response to the changing needs of its stakeholders: customers, employees, and stockholders. It rapidly adapt to changes in its operating environment, it doesn’t take the time to determine the underlying patterns of change within the environment.

Knowing Organization

The knowing organization possesses information and knowledge so that

it is well informed, mentally perceptive, and enlightened. Its

actions are based on shared and valid understanding of the organization’s

environments and needs (Choo, Chun Wei: The Knowing Organization. New

York 1998 ).

Learning OrganizationAn organization in which everyone is engaged

in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment,

improve, and increase its capability. Changing employee behaviors and attitudes is key to the continuous organizational renewal needed

in today’s rapidly changing world. The organization as a whole is committed to continual improvement of every facet of itself, its products

and its services – by learning. (Senge, Peter M., “The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of Learning Organizations,” )

WHERE & WHEN?

Challenge to perform better, effectively and quickly, sharing of information and knowledge is critical for organizations.

Wherever and whenever possible information should be

stored in a form that maximizes it's inherent usefulness.

Information is a valuable resource and requires careful

stewardship.

Organizations that handle information processes with people who regularly needs to access distributed information in the course of the workday such as data workers, information workers, and knowledge workers

HOW? ERP Williard Model

ERP

ERP stands for “enterprise resource planning.” ERP is an integrated software solution used to manage

a company’s resources. Business planning systems have been evolving for decades,

and ERP, enterprise resource planning, is the current generation. ERP’s immediate predecessors, MRP (material requirements planning) and MRP II (manufacturing resources planning), focused mainly on managing the manufacturing and accounting resources of a company.

Today’s ERP systems now integrate all business management functions, including planning, inventory/materials management, engineering, order processing, manufacturing, purchasing, accounting and finance, human resources, and more.

The Willard Model

Identification - The discovery of information resources and the recording of their features in an inventory

Ownership - The establishment of responsibility for the upkeep of an information resource

Cost and Value - Assessment of the cost of an information resource and its value to the organisation

Development - The further development of an existing information resource to enhance its value to the organisation

Exploitation - The processes which may allow a resource to generate further value through conversion into an asset or a saleable commodity

Discussion

Information Warfare

Classes of information warfare Different classes of information

warfare Personal information warfare Corporate information warfare Global information warfare

Corporate information warfare Kodak vs. Fuji

Fuji stole plans from Kodak to build disposable cameras

Kodak hired EX-CIA operatives (!) as “Information Warriors”

Eventually Kodak came to the market first with the cameras

Shredders with scanners built in to them Scan before shredding Stored in memory for eventual download

Corporate information warfare

“Business is War” – Old Japanese proverb