INFORMATION AND INSTALLATION SEMINAR - Autowatch

Presented by

Knightwatch Ltd.

INFORMATION

AND

INSTALLATION

STUDY GUIDE

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY .....................................

USEFUL SPECIFICATIONS ..........................................

THE CIRCUIT ................................................................

OUTPUTS & INPUTS ....................................................

RESISTANCE ................................................................

THE DIODE ...................................................................

ELECTRIC MOTORS ....................................................

INSTALLATION BASICS ...............................................

THE RELAY ...................................................................

DOOR LOCKS ...............................................................

TEST EQUIPMENT .......................................................

METER WORKSHOP & HOW CIRCUITS WORK ........

THE KEYLESS UPGRADE ...........................................

2

5

16

20

26

29

36

43

50

53

77

98

106

130

PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL

To teach the essentials of proper installation

To help make your job easier

To make you more valuable as an installer

To make you and your company

more profitable

3

SUPPORT AVAILABLE

4

Technical Support Telephone Assistance

Main Contact Number: 01732-886777

Staff are available to answer calls 9:00am to 5:30pm,

Monday to Friday.

BASIC

ELECTRICAL

THEORY

5

BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY

HOW WAS ELECTRICITY DISCOVERED?

2000 Years ago Thalus Miletus rubbed amber (a plastic like material) and wool to together. He discovered the first form of electricity - static electricity.

Next big discovery was by Allesandro Volta, who discovered that when two different metals were brought together in the presence of an acid, electricity was produced. The unit of electrical pressure was named VOLT in his honour.

The first battery consisted of lead and copper disks sandwiched between salt water soaked pieces of paper.

This is considered the most important step that moved mankind into the modern world of electricity.

6


There are two different types of chemical make-ups in batteries.

Dry cell - because its chemical make-up is dry. This is your typical flashlight battery, it is not rechargeable.

Wet cell - because its chemical make-up is wet. Typically found in vehicles of transportation, it is rechargeable from other power sources, such as generators or alternators.

The 3 key ingredients of a typical car battery are lead and lead peroxide which are the two different metals called electrodes, and a corrosive liquid acid called an electrolyte.

Because of the large amount of power (amperage) needed to crank the engine of a vehicle, the lead-acid battery is used.

7

WATER

FLOW

HOLE IN PIPE

WATER FLOW

PRESSURE

BEING

APPLIED

CURRENT: WATER PIPE ANALOGY Let‟s say there was a pipe with water flowing through it, and

you drilled a hole in the side of the pipe to look in. You would

see a certain amount of water go by each second. If you were to

stick your finger in the hole you would feel the strength of the

current. This strength can be measured by the amount of

pressure or force being applied at the end of the pipe.

8



How electricity flows through a circuit is easy to

understand if you compare it to water flowing through a

pipeline. They have some of the same qualities.

Electricity has current, and potential or pressure just like

water.

POSNEG

ELECTRON FLOW

WATER FLOW

PUMP

9


CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

Electricity can travel through some materials and not others. The materials it can travel through are called conductors. The materials it can‟t travel through are called insulators.

Conductor examples - Copper, Silver, Gold and Steel.

Insulators examples - Plastic and Rubber

Both Insulators and Conductors are very important when it comes to using electrical power.

10


AMPS AND VOLTAGE

The flow of electricity through the wire is called

current. The amount of electric pressure applied to

the wire determines the strength of that current.

Electrical flow, or how fast the electrons are

flowing is called amperage and is measured in

amps. Electrical pressure or force is called voltage

or potential and is measured in volts.

11


There‟s also a question of supply and demand.

How much power can the power source in question supply?

How much power can we demand from that source?

SUPPLY defined:

How much power is available to use.

DEMAND defined:

How much power can be drawn or pulled from that source.

12


The power source being used in an electrical application, is limited to how much power it can supply.

Demanding too much power from that supply can create an overload and cause damage.

Knowing and understanding the amount of power needed to do a specific function is important.

In summary, understanding the terms Current, Amps, Voltage as well as the laws of Supply and Demand are crucial in becoming a expert installer.

13


FUSES

Fuses are used to protect circuits, control modules and other electric devices in case of a short or excessive power demand.

Fuses are made up of a special alloy(combination of metals) that is designed to melt or break when too much power is pulled or drawn through them.

14

EXAMPLE

12 VOLT

POWER SUPPLY

POS NEG

10amp

SWITCH

QUESTION: What‟s going to happen when we close the switch?

ANSWER: The fuse will blow.

EXPLANATION: The bulbs will try to pull 12 amps through the

10 amp fuse. The fuse will heat up and blow because we are

demanding more power through that fuse than it can supply.

EACH BULB PULLS OR NEEDS 3 AMPS

SIMULATION

15

16

USEFUL

SPECIFICATIONS

USEFUL SPECIFICATIONS

n Each device demands a certain amount of power/amperage to operate.

n Autowatch LED current draw 5mA when blinking

n Autowatch Module armed or disarmed < 20 mA

n Some HVAC units Up to 40 amps

n Siren when sounding < 1.5 A

n An energised Bosch relay 70 - 150mA

n A single energised dome light or test light 500 mA - 2 Amps

n Input or Output on a microprocessor < 1 mA

n An energised door lock motor 3 - 5 Amps

n An energised trunk motor or solenoid 10 - 15 Amps

n 4 energised parking lights 5 - 10 Amps

n A G.M. starter solenoid 15 - 30 Amps

n Starter motor 100 - 500 Amps

n Typical vehicle draw with out an alarm system < 35 mA

n Fully charged vehicle battery voltage 12 - 14 Volts

n Vehicle voltage while cranking Approx. 10 - 11 Volts

n Autowatch reset voltage Approx. 8 - 9 Volts 17

PREFIXES AND ABBREVIATIONS USED

Infinity

M - Mega = x 1,000,000

K - Kilo = x 1,000

m - Milli = x 0.001

u - Micro = x 0.000 0001

n - Nano = x 0.000 000 001

p - Pico = x 0.000 000 000 001

Zero

A - Amps

V - Volts

18

USEFUL SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY

All electronic devices need a certain amount

of power to operate properly, whether it be

a starter motor which can demand, or pull,

up to 650 amps all the way down to a LED

light that only demands or pulls 5 milliamps

(1/20th of one amp) from its power source.

These devices pull or draw a certain amount

of power from a source.

19

THE

CIRCUIT

20

THE CIRCUIT

For an electrical current to flow or have pressure/voltage, the current must

flow in an uninterrupted path called a circuit.

Circuit comes from the word “CIRCLE” meaning continuous, without a

beginning and without an end. In summary, electricity cannot flow or do

anything unless it flows in a circuit.

QUESTION: Why doesn‟t the filament burn up like a fuse?

ANSWER: Because the filament is made up of Tungsten, which

has the highest melting point of any metal (6000 degrees F.)

QUESTION: Why does the filament glow?

ANSWER: Because the filament acts like a resistor. It constricts

the electron flow. The electrons start to rub against each other

which causes friction and heat, and the filament starts to glow.

QUESTION: How fast are the electrons flowing through that

circuit?

ANSWER: Electricity can travel around the earth approx. 7 and

a half times per second. 12 VOLT SUPPLY

FILAMENT

21

THE CIRCUIT

OPEN

12 VOLT SUPPLY12 VOLT SUPPLY

Note: The electrons are trying to flow through the circuit, but they can‟t,

because there is no continuous path for them to flow.

ELECTRONS

TRYING TO FLOW

22

THE CIRCUIT

12 VOLT SUPPLY12 VOLT SUPPLY

CLOSED

Note: The electrons can now flow

because they have a continuous path,

and the light comes on!

23

SERIES CIRCUIT

12 VOLT SUPPLY

Note: If one light burns out, the circuit will be broken and the lights

will shut off.24

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

12 VOLT SUPPLY

Note: If one light burns out the other will still be lit, because both

bulbs still have a continuous path to the power supply. 25

OUTPUTS

& INPUTS

26

OUTPUTS AND INPUTS

MODULEANTENNA

RECEIVER

MICROPROCESSOR

1. PUSH REMOTE BUTTON

2. REMOTE SENDS RADIO SIGNAL (OUTPUT) TO RECEIVER

3. RECEIVER EXCEPTS SIGNAL (INPUT)

4. MICROPROCESSOR DETERMINES WHAT TO DO WITH THAT SIGNAL

5. LOCK DOORS AND ARM ALARM, UNLOCK DOORS AND DISARM ALARM

FLASH LIGHTS, TURN ON LED, POP TRUNK, START CAR, ETC.

OUTPUT

INPUT

OU

TP

UT

OU

TP

UT

REMOTE

TRANSMITTER

INPUT or TRIGGER: Power, signal or electric energy put into a system or machine.

OUTPUT : The result created by that input.

12

3

4

5

27

OUTPUTS AND INPUTS

MODULE OR CONTROLLER

85

30

87a

87

86

RELAY

Note: Pins 85 and 86 can be considered

inputs or triggers. Pins 87 and 30 can be

considered outputs (relays will be covered in

more detail later on).

Note: The other form of input or output that

you will be dealing with is the electric signal

input or output. This signal will tell the

control module what to do.

Note:The module can accept electric signals

(inputs or triggers) to do various functions.

Example - Door input, Pin-switch trigger,

Sensor input, Valet and Manual Disarm

inputs. These electric signals or inputs tell

the microprocessor inside the alarm, what to

do.

INPUT

INPUT

OUTPUT TO SIREN

PARK LIGHTS ETC.

DOORS, PIN-SWITCHES,

SENSORS, VALET AND

MANUAL DISARM

INPUT

INPUT

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

MIC

RO

PR

OC

ES

SO

R

28

RESISTANCE

29

RESISTANCE

Resistance limits the amount of electron flow or current.

If you think in terms of pinching a garden hose with water running through it, the amount of water which can flow depends on how hard the hose is being pinched.

The harder the hose is pinched the higher the resistance.

The higher the resistance the less water can flow. If you pinch the hose all the way closed you will cause total resistance and the water will not flow at all. This would be like opening a switch in an electrical circuit.

The unit of measure for electrical resistance is called an OHM.

Anything that limits the flow of electricity causes resistance.

30

RESISTANCE / CONNECTIONS

Resistance limits the amount of electron flow or current.

That‟s why the solderless quick connectors and „Scotch-Lock‟ style

connectors are a poor choice for making wire to wire connections.

WHY?

Because we want the best electron flow possible.

Consider this: Your house is burning down. Would you want someone

to put a clamp on your water supply? No. You would want the biggest

and best water flow available.

Same goes for power and electron flow.

QUICK CONNECTOR

There is not much surface contact between the connector and the

wire. This means high resistance, meaning not as many electrons

can flow. It also has the tendency to corrode.

Quick Connector

Wire

SOLDER or WRAP & TAPE

There is alot more surface contact in this application. This means

low resistance, meaning more electrons can flow.

Wire

31

RESISTORS

These components are designed to limit the amount of current flow with

precise accuracy. Low wattage resistors are generally manufactured from

carbon but higher wattage resistors are usually made of wire wrapped around

ceramic material.

n SUMMARY

n A circuit with low resistance will allow more current to flow.

n A circuit with high resistance will allow less current to flow.

32

FIRST DIGIT SECOND DIGIT MUTIPLIER TOLERANCE

Multiplier-BLK-1,BRN-10,RD-100,ORG-1000,YL-10,000,GRN-100,000,BLU-1,000,000,VT-10,000,000

RESISTORS

CHECKING FOR RESISTANCE.

1.5kNotes: The Value can be

determined by touching the

two leads of the Meter to

the Resistor ends.

K Meaning Times 1000

Series-Adds Values

Parallel-Divides by 2

PARALLEL

1.5K OR 1500 OHMS

1.5K DIVIDED BY 2 = 750 OHMS

1.5K OR 1500 OHMS

1.5K + 1.5K = 3K OR 3000 OHMS

SERIES

33

EXAMPLE

L

U

ONE WIRE DOOR LOCK ACTIVATION

96 CHRYSLER CARAVAN - SOME OTHER CHRYSLER PRODUCTS USE THE

SAME SYSTEM, BUT HAVE DIFFERENT RESISTOR VALUES.

Note: The switch throws a ground signal through the 1.5k ohm resistor or the 249

ohm resistor. That signal is then read by the B.C.M. The B.C.M. then decides whether

to lock or unlock depending on which way the switch is pushed.

1.5K Ohms

249 Ohms

BODY

CONTROL

MODULE

INPUTOUTPUT TO

LOCK MOTORS

A

QUESTION: What needs to be done to point “A” to lock and unlock the doors?

ANSWER: Apply a momentary ground signal through a 1.5k resistor to lock and apply

a momentary ground through a 249 ohm resistor to unlock.

Note: In reality we are tricking the B.C.M. to think the switch is being pushed. Note:

We want the alarm to do the same thing the switch is doing (simulate the switch).

SWITCH

34

L

U4.7k Ohms

DOOR

LOCK

MODULE

INPUTOUTPUT TO

LOCK MOTORS

A

QUESTION: What needs to be done to point “A” to lock and unlock the doors?

ANSWER: Apply a momentary 12 volt signal to lock and apply a momentary 12 volt

signal through a 4.7k ohm resistor to unlock.

Note: In reality we are tricking the B.C.M. to think the switch is being pushed. Note:

We want the alarm to do the same thing the switch is doing (simulate the switch).

SWITCH

12 VOLT SOURCE

ONE WIRE DOOR LOCK ACTIVATION

FORD PROBE 89-PRESENT

Note: The switch throws a 12volt positive signal to the door lock module. That signal is

then read by the door lock module. When the module sees a 12 volt signal it knows to

lock the doors. When the door lock module sees a positive signal through a 4.7k

resistor which is approx. 6 volts, the door lock module knows to unlock the doors.

35

EXAMPLE

THE DIODE

36

DIODES

The simplest type of semi-conductor device, usually constructed of silicon encapsulated in a plastic or metal casing.

These components are comparable to a one-way valve. They can be used in a number of different ways. They can stop positive flow and only let negative through or they can stop negative flow and only let positive through. They can also stop unwanted back-feed conditions.

NEGATIVE

CATHODE

POSITIVE

ANODE

NEG. CAN FLOW

POS. CAN’T FLOW

POS. CAN FLOW

NEG.. CAN’T FLOW

37

EXAMPLE

ISOLATING TWO CIRCUITS FROM EACH OTHER

QUESTION: Why can‟t the two unlock wires be tied together, like in figure B?

ANSWER: Because in figure B if the diodes were not used, it would be just like tying the two unlock wires in the

vehicle together. The Anti theft feature would then not work properly.

Note: When the vehicles door unlock switch is pushed manually in the door, the two wires coming out of the door lock

module are activated with a ground signal. If the diodes weren‟t in place, like in figure B, the two wires would then be

connected together and this would affect the normal operation.

Example: Some vehicles need two wires negatively energised at the same time to unlock the doors - I.e Some

Toyota‟s Note:

This same diode hook-up is used on the 96 Camaro/Trans-Am to provide remote unlock function. Two grounds

need to be applied at the same time to two different wires.

ALARM

MODULE

NEGATIVE

UNLOCK

OUTPUT

UNLOCK WIRES

IN VEHICLE

DOOR

LOCK

MODULE

NEGATIVE

UNLOCK

OUTPUT

UNLOCK WIRES

IN VEHICLE

DOOR

LOCK

MODULEA B

NEGATIVE CAN’T FLOW

NEGATIVE CAN FLOW

38

ALARM

MODULE

EXAMPLE


QUESTION: Why can‟t the two trigger wires be tied together, like in figure B?

ANSWER: Because in figure B if the diodes were not used, it would be just like tying the

two trigger wires in the vehicle together. The dome lights would then come on when the

hood or trunk was opened.

Example: The alarm being used has only one negative trigger input. But the

customer wants additional pin-switches added in the trunk and hood.

NEGATIVE

TRIGGER

INPUT

NEGATIVE INPUT

CAN ONLY FLOWA B

TO DOME

LIGHT WIRE

ADDED

PIN-SWITCH

NEGATIVE

TRIGGER

INPUT

TO DOME

LIGHT WIRE

ADDED

PIN-SWITCH

39

ALARM

MODULE

ALARM

MODULE

EXAMPLE


QUESTION: Why can‟t the two trigger wires be tied together, like in figure B? ANSWER:

Because in figure B if the diodes were not used, it would be just like tying the two trigger wires in the

vehicle together. This would cause the vehicles functions to not work correctly.

Example: Some GM vehicles have a powersave feature on the dome light circuit. Two wires need to be tied into

for the door trigger input to avoid false triggers.

NEGATIVE

TRIGGER

INPUT

A B

TO DRIVER’S DOOR

TRIGGER

TO PASSENGER’S

DOORS TRIGGER

NEGATIVE

TRIGGER

INPUT

TO DRIVER’S DOOR

TRIGGER

TO PASSENGER’S

DOORS TRIGGER

NEGATIVE CAN’T FLOW

40

ALARM

MODULE

ALARM

MODULE

EXAMPLE

ADDING MULTIPLE RELAYS USING THE SAME

TRIGGER

ACTIVE OUTPUT

NEGATIVE OUTPUT

CAN ONLY FLOW

OUTPUT TO HVAC

OR IGNITION

OUTPUT TO HVAC

OR IGNITION

NEGATIVE

CAN’T FLOW

NEGATIVE

CAN’T FLOW

QUESTION: Why can‟t the two relays be tied onto the active output without diodes?

ANSWER: It all depends on where you access the 12 volt source for the other side of

the relay coil. If the HVAC output is used, some unwanted back-feed conditions might

occur.

12 VOLT SOURCE

HVAC OUTPUT

FROM CSM

41

START

MODULE

CRASH COURSE IN OHM’S LAW

There is a formula called Ohm‟s law which states, in mathematical terms, the relationship that exists between voltage, current and resistance. The formula is voltage equals current multiplied by resistance or V=IxR.

Use the following catch phrase to remember the equation:

“Very Important to Remember”

V=IxR I=V/R R=V/I

When any two factors of the equation are known, the third factor can easily be determined by using the appropriate equation.

V

I R

42

ELECTRIC

MOTORS

43

ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM

They are very similar in some respects and different in others, but both are parts of the same great force known as ELECTROMAGNETISM.

Magnetism can produce electricity.

Electricity can create magnetism.

Remember in school when you took a nail, and wrapped a piece of wire around it and then connected the two ends to a battery. You created a magnet. This electromagnetic force is used in all types of machines we use daily. It is used in every alarm we manufacture. It‟s also what makes a relay work. This force is what makes any electric motor move, i.e. starter motors, power locks motors, window motors etc., all use the power of electromagnetism.

POWER SUPPLY

44

ELECTRIC MOTORS

The electric motor uses some of the principles we

have covered so far. The motor converts electricity

and electromagnetism into a useful power source.

It is used in numerous applications in the

automobile. Anything considered a power option

is operated by some type of motor. There are

basically three different types of motors used.

Circular, Two-way and One-way.

45

ELECTRIC MOTORS: CIRCULAR

Inside the motor there are copper windings. When energised with

power and ground, the windings produce an electromagnetic field.

Inside the windings are a series of magnets in the shape of a cylinder.

These magnets rotate inside the windings when the windings become

energised. This happens because of the magnetic field being produced.

This rotation can now be controlled by switching the power and

ground with each other. This is called reversing polarity. The amount

of power and speed that the motor can produce can also be controlled

by the amount of voltage applied to the motor.

MAGNETSCOPPER

WINDINGS

46

ELECTRIC MOTORS: CIRCULAR

The circular motor can rotate in both directions. By applying power to point A and ground to point B the motor will move one way. By applying ground to point A and power to point B the motor will move the other way. This happens because the magnetic field is reversed when power and ground are changed with each other. This is called reversing polarity.

MAGNETSCOPPER

WINDINGS

A

B47

ELECTRIC MOTORS: TWO-WAY

The two-way motor (or actuator) moves in and out. It is used

to move locks up and down and also some trunk latches.

Inside the actuator is a small motor which moves a plunger

in and out. By switching the power and ground with each

other on points A and B, the plunger can be moved in and

out by reversing the polarity.

A

B

12 VOLT SUPPLY

48

ELECTRIC MOTORS: ONE-WAY

The one-way solenoid is similar to an actuator, although

the device can only pull in one direction. This type of

solenoid is usually used on vehicles that are not equipped

with a power trunk option. Simply it is a one-way motor

that pulls a cable into itself, which in turn can pull the trunk

cable if so equipped or pull the mechanical latch lever to

open the trunk.

49

INSTALLATION

BASICS

50

INSTALLATION BASICS

What makes a good installer?

Read all instructions first.

Make proper connections: ideally centre splice-wrap, solder and tape.

Not recommended: T-taps or Scotch-locks.

Know how to use test equipment.

Use a good quality insulation tape (like 3M).

Test for circuits prior to installation. Know how you will be routing the wires together to certain key locations.

Verify good ground source.

Pre-plan the installation.

Prep the module completely before doing the installation.

51

INSTALLATION BASICS

Organise, group and wrap wire harness.

Check for module mounting location.

Shock location - Vehicle bodywork or Thick wire loom near steering column.

Siren - Keep away from excess heat and water splash.

If the firewall has to be drilled through, use sealing compound or silicone to seal the hole.

Keep your own notes

Neatness counts.

If the customer goes back to the dealer with a problem, you want the installation to be as neat as possible, otherwise you may get the blame for that problem.

52

53

THE RELAY

THE RELAY

An electromechanical device that uses a coil (electro) to move a switch (mechanical).

THE COIL

The Coil is the first step to understanding the relay. The coil can be energised using a small amount of power. A typical automotive type relay requires a coil current of 0.150 amps or 150 milliamps to energise. The coil contacts (pins) are numbered 85 and 86 on the relay. It is important to know that pin 85 is the negative coil contact. Although the coil will still energise if the connections are reversed the correct polarity should be observed. Some relays have an internal diode to prevent inductive spikes upon relay turn off.

54

THE RELAY

COIL SUMMARY In simple terms, when the coil gets power and ground on

its contact points (pins 85 & 86), it becomes energisedSHOW 2 DIFFERENT WAYS TO ENERGISE THE COIL

85

8685

86

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

55

THE COIL

85

8685

86

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

56

THE RELAY

INTERNAL SWITCHING OF THE RELAY

Besides the coil, there is also a switch inside the relay. The contact

points (pins) are numbered 30 common (C), 87a normally closed

(N.C.) and 87 normally open (N.O.). These terms are explained as

follows.

30 COMMON

Common means that pin 30 has something in common with the

other two contact points. When the coil of the relay is energised

pin 30 pivots between 87a and 87. When the relay is at rest 30 is in

contact with 87a. When the coil is energised the magnetic force

pulls the lever over. Now 30 is in contact with 87. When power or

ground is taken away from the coil, it loses its magnetic force and

the spring pulls the lever back to the rest position.

57

THE RELAY

87a NORMALLY CLOSED

87a is normally closed because when the relay is at rest

(meaning the coil is not energised) 87a is closed or in contact

with pin 30. 87a and 30 have continuity between them; in other

words, the two pins are connected when the relay is at rest. If

the coil were to become energised 87a and 30 would be broken

because pin 30 would be connected to 87.

85

30

87a87

86

AT REST

85

30

87a87

86

ENERGISED

MA

GN

ET

IC F

IEL

D

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POSNEG

58

THE RELAY

87 NORMALLY OPEN

87 is normally open because when the relay is at rest 87 is open

or not connected to 30. In other words, between pins 30 and 87

there is no connection. If the relay were to become energised 87

and 30 would become connected and these two pins would

close together and make a circuit or possibly break a circuit

depending on the application.

85

30

87a87

86

AT REST

85

30

87a87

86

ENERGISED

MA

GN

ET

IC F

IEL

D

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POSNEG

59

THE RELAY

SUMMARY

When the relay is at rest 30 is connected to 87a.

When the coil is energised, it becomes a magnet

and pulls the lever over and connects contact

points 30 and 87. In other words the relay is an

electromagnetic switch. It is triggered by

electricity. The magnetic force overpowers the

spring and closes the contacts 30 to 87, for as long

as the coil of the relay is energised.

60

RELAY NOTES

NOTES: When using relays in alarm applications an easy rule applies.

85 -- NEGATIVE TRIGGER (coil feed)

86 -- POSITIVE TRIGGER (coil feed)

30 -- OUTPUT, MOTOR SIDE OR COMMON

87a - SWITCH SIDE OR NORMALLY CLOSED

87 -- POLARITY OR NORMALLY OPEN (determines output)

Whatever is being used to trigger the relay be it positive or negative, the other side of the coil must be the opposite, so that the coil can be energised.

Pin 87 determines the polarity of the output 30. If 87 is at ground, when the relay is energised, 30 will then become grounded. If 87 is at +12 volts when the relay is energised 30 will then become +12 volts.

61

Relay types

There are quite a variety of relays, depending on the application different types can be used. Relays are named after what they can do. For instance the relay most commonly used is referred to as a S.P.D.T. which means single pole double throw.

– SPST - Single pole single throw

– SPDT - Single pole double throw

– DPST - Double pole single throw

– DPDT - Double pole double throw

RELAY NOTES

62

ACTIVATION OF THE RELAY

RELAY AT REST

85

30

87a

87

86

63

85

30

87a

87

86

ACTIVATION OF THE RELAY

RELAY ENERGISED

MA

GN

ET

IC F

IELD

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POSNEG

64

RELAY QUIZ

INVERTING A NEGATIVE TRIGGER INTO A POSITIVE OUTPUT.

85

30

87a

87

86

ALA

RM

NEGATIVE OUTPUT

APPLY POSITIVE

OUTPUT HERE

65

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POSNEG

RELAY QUIZ

INVERTING A NEGATIVE TRIGGER INTO A POSITIVE OUTPUT.

85

30

87a

87

86

ALA

RM

NEGATIVE OUTPUT

APPLY POSITIVE

OUTPUT HERE

TH

RO

WS

PO

SIT

IVE

66

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

ILLUMINATED ENTRY NEGATIVE TYPE DOOR CIRCUIT

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

HO

OD

LO

CK

OU

TP

UT

OR

ILLU

MIN

AT

ED

EN

TR

Y

OU

TP

UT

NE

GA

TIV

E 1

AM

P

MA

XIM

UM

12 VOLTS

67

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

ILLUMINATED ENTRY NEGATIVE TYPE DOOR CIRCUIT

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

HO

OD

LO

CK

OU

TP

UT

OR

ILLU

MIN

AT

ED

EN

TR

Y

OU

TP

UT

NE

GA

TIV

E 1

AM

P

MA

XIM

UM

12 VOLTS

TH

RO

WS

GR

OU

ND

68

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

INVERTING A POSITIVE TRIGGER INTO A NEGATIVE OUTPUT.

85

30

87a

87

86

ALA

RM

POSITIVE OUTPUT

APPLY NEGATIVE

OUTPUT HERE

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

69

RELAY QUIZ

INVERTING A POSITIVE TRIGGER INTO A NEGATIVE OUTPUT.

85

30

87a

87

86

ALA

RM

POSITIVE OUTPUT

APPLY NEGATIVE

OUTPUT HERE

TH

RO

WS

GR

OU

ND

70

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

RELAY QUIZ

ILLUMINATED ENTRY POSITIVE TYPE DOOR CIRCUIT

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

HO

OD

LO

CK

OU

TP

UT

OR

ILLU

MIN

AT

ED

EN

TR

Y

OU

TP

UT

NE

GA

TIV

E 1

AM

P

MA

XIM

UM

12 VOLTS

71

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

ILLUMINATED ENTRY POSITIVE TYPE DOOR CIRCUIT

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

HO

OD

LO

CK

OU

TP

UT

OR

ILLU

MIN

AT

ED

EN

TR

Y

OU

TP

UT

NE

GA

TIV

E 1

AM

P

MA

XIM

UM

12 VOLTS

TH

RO

WS

PO

SIT

IVE

72

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

ISOLATING A CIRCUIT WITH A RELAY Note: Some 96 Ford and Lincoln Mercury vehicles need this application. The trunk wire rests at ground, if you were to tie into this wire and apply 12volts to it, it would damage the module or maybe even the vehicles keyless module. This is why the keyless module needs to be isolated. We want the 12volt signal to go towards the trunk motor only. When the relay is energised it will apply 12volts to the motor only.

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

TR

UN

K

OU

TP

UT

(+)

KEYLESS

MODULE IN

DRIVER’S DOORTRUNK RELEASE

BUTTON IN DOOR

MCUT

X

TRUNK

MOTOR

NEGATIVE SIGNAL

INPUT

POSITIVE

OUTPUT

73

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEGPOS

RELAY QUIZ

ISOLATING A CIRCUIT WITH A RELAY Note: When the relay is at rest it has no affect on the vehicle‟s normal operation. It‟s like the relay is not even there.

85

30

87a

87

86ALARM

TR

UN

K

OU

TP

UT

(+)

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

KEYLESS

MODULE IN

DRIVER’S DOORTRUNK RELEASE

BUTTON IN DOOR

MCUT

X

TRUNK

MOTOR

NEGATIVE SIGNAL

INPUT

POSITIVE

OUTPUT

TH

RO

WS

PO

SIT

IVE

74

RELAY QUIZ

POWERING UP A SECOND IGNITION OR HVAC CIRCUIT.

85

30

87a

87

86

CS

M II

IGNITION OUTPUT

OR HVAC OUTPUT

APPLY 12 VOLTS FOR

SECOND IGNITION OR

HVAC HERE

FUSED 12 VOLT

POWER SUPPLY

POS NEG

ACTIVE OUTPUT

75

RELAY QUIZ

POWERING UP A SECOND IGNITION OR HVAC CIRCUIT.

85

30

87a

87

86

CS

M II

IGNITION OUTPUT

OR HVAC OUTPUT

ACTIVE OUTPUT

APPLY 12 VOLTS FOR

SECOND IGNITION OR

HVAC HERE

TH

RO

WS

PO

SIT

IVE

76

FUSED 12 VOLT

POWER SUPPLY

POS NEG

77

DOOR LOCKS

Note: The examples in the following slides show

control switches for left-hand drive vehicles.

DOOR LOCKS

Providing remote actuation of power door lock circuits is easy. There are basically 4 types of systems we will be covering with the exception of some new „One Wire‟ activation's which have already been discussed in the Resistance section. The wire colours and locations are different from model to model but the electrical characteristics are the same for each circuit type. This task will be simplified if you have access to a Wire Colour and Location Chart, which normally provide the information needed to do all the various types of systems. How these systems work is explained in the next section.

78

85 30

87a

8786

L

85 30

87a

8786

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTERSWITCH

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

TYPE “1” HOW IT WORKS• POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITH CONTROL RELAYS

U

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

Note: Both motor wires

are resting at ground

through points 87a of the

relays.

Note: This system is

totally at rest in this slide.

RELAY PACK IS

INSIDE THE VEHICLE

79

85 30

87a

8786

L

85 30

87a

8786

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

Note: When the switch is

pushed to the lock position

point “A” in either door It

sends a 12volt signal

(indicated by the bold line)

to the lock relay, which in

turn pulls the lock motor

wire away from ground

momentarily and applies

12volts to it through pin

87. This causes the

reverse polarity action at

the motor to lock the

doors.


A

U

A

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

DOORS LOCK DOORS LOCK

80

85 30

87a

8786

U

85 30

87a

8786

L

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

Note: When the switch is

pushed to the unlock

position point “A” in either

door. It sends a 12volt

signal (indicated by the

bold line) to the unlock

relay, which in turn pulls

the unlock motor wire

away from ground



87. This causes the


the motor to unlock the

doors.


AA

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

DOORS UNLOCK DOORS UNLOCK

81

TYPE “1” SIMULATION• POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITH CONTROL RELAYS

HOW IS THIS SYSTEM WIRED

UP TO THE MODULE BEING

USED?

Note: What needs to be done is

very simple. All we have to do is to

simulate what the switch does. The

switch applies a momentary 12 volt

signal to the coil of the lock relay

“A” when the switch is pushed “B”.

QUESTION: What needs to be

applied to point “C” to make the

lock relay energise?

ANSWER: A momentary 12volt

signal.

Note: Depending on what module

is being used the application is the

same. Simulate what the switch

does, apply a 12volt signal to the

switch wire.

QUESTION: Why doesn‟t the wire

have to be cut like in type “2”.

ANSWER: The switch does not

rest at ground it floats (the switch

wires are not connected to anything

in the rest position point “B”).

Note: When the relays are

energised, it simulates the switch

and throws 12 volts out pin 30 in

either application. Both applications

pull the relay lever down and

connect it to pin 87 momentarily.

85 30

87a

8786

L

85 30

87a

8786

A U

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

B

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

C

MODULE EQUIPPED

WITH “ON BOARD” RELAYS

30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 8512V

MODULE EQUIPPED

WITH OUT

“ON BOARD” RELAYS

NEGATIVE OUTPUTS

1 AMP MAX.

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE MODULE

POLARITY WIRE

RD/BLK

BL

U/B

LK

BL

U

GR

N/B

LK

GR

N

BLU AND GRN NOT USED82

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

Note: Both motor wires rest at ground at all times, through the

switch. Points A and B.

Note: The system is totally at rest and the doors are unlocked

in this slide.

A

B

TYPE “2” HOW IT WORKS• POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITHOUT CONTROL RELAYS

83

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

Note: When the door lock button in the either door is pushed,

the lock switch wire is momentarily lifted from ground and

connected to 12 volts. This in turn puts a 12 volt signal

(indicated by a bold line) at one side of each motor. Since the

other side of the motor rests at ground you can see how the

reverse polarity action takes place and the motors pull the

plungers down, which in turn locks the doors.

Note: The door lock button is pushed momentarily, when the

button is released the wire goes back to ground.

A

B

12 VOLT SIGNAL

WIRE ARE RESTING

AT GROUNDBUTTON BEING

PUSHED

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

DO

OR

S L

OC

K


SWITCH WIRES

SWITCH WIRES

MOTOR WIRES

84

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

Note: Both motor wires rest at ground at all times, through the

switch. Points A and B.

Note: The system is totally at rest and the doors are locked in

this slide.

A

B


SWITCH WIRES

SWITCH WIRES

MOTOR WIRES

85

MASTER SWITCH

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

Note: When the door unlock button in either door is pushed, the

unlock switch wire is momentarily lifted from ground and

connected to 12 volts. This in turn puts a 12 volt signal

(indicated by a bold line) at one side of each motor. Since the

other side of the motor rests at ground you can see how the

reverse polarity action takes place and the motors push the

plungers up, which in turn unlocks the doors.

Note: The door unlock button is pushed momentarily, when the

button is released the wire goes back to ground.

Note: Remember that by switching the power and the ground at

the motor, makes the motor move in opposite directions

(reverse polarity).

A

B12 VOLT SIGNAL

BUTTON BEING

PUSHED

WIRE ARE RESTING

AT GROUND

DO

OR

S U

NL

OC

K

DO

OR

S U

NL

OC

K


SWITCH WIRES

SWITCH WIRES

MOTOR WIRES

86

MASTER SWITCH

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

Note: Both motor wires rest at ground through the switch. Points A and B.

QUESTION: What would happen if a 12volt signal was applied to point C

without the lock wire being cut?

ANSWER: You would have a direct short because the lock wire rests at

ground through the switch. This is why you cannot “Tap-In” to a type “2” door

lock system.

QUESTION: How do we make this door lock system actuate with the alarm

system?

ANSWER: By simulating the switch. We accomplish this by isolating the

switch (by cutting the wire) and applying a momentary 12volt signal to the

motor side only (indicated by the bold line). This in turn moves the door lock

motors.

Note: After the lock or unlock wire is cut, it is very important to determine

which side of the wire is the “switch side” and which side is the “motor side”.

This can be easily accomplished by 1st cutting the wire then pushing the

master switch (master switch location information may be found in a Wire

Colour & Location Chart) to the “lock” position. Find the one half of the wire

that shows 12 volts when the master switch is pushed to “lock” (point “C”)

This is the “switch side”.

B

AC

SWITCH SIDE MOTOR SIDE

CUT AND APPLY

A 12VOLT SIGNAL

TO THE MOTOR

SIDE ONLY

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

TYPE “2” SIMULATION• POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITHOUT CONTROL RELAYS

WIRE ARE RESTING

AT GROUND

87

MASTER SWITCH

HOW IS THIS SYSTEM WIRED UP TO THE MODULE BEING USED?

Note: A relay is needed in this application whether it be internal (inside the

module) or external (outside the module), because the switch needs to be

isolated from the motor when doing this application. By applying relays to

the system, you can see when the relay is energised (next slide) the

switch will be isolated and only the motor side will be connected to 12 volts

for as long as the relay is energised.

Note: The system is totally at rest and the doors are unlocked. You can

also see that by applying this additional relay it does not interfere with the

normal operation of the switches in the doors.

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

SWITCH SIDEMOTORSIDE

30

87a

87

86 85


88

MASTER SWITCH


Note: A relay is needed in this application whether it be internal (inside the module) or external

(outside the module). Pin 85 on the relay can be energized internally or externally depending on

what system is being used. If the module that is being used is equipped with internal relays, the

wires coming out of the module are in actuality pins 87a and 30. If the module being used does

not have internal relays then external relays would have to be used. The way it works is still the

same.

Note: When the relay is energised by grounding pin 85 it breaks the lock wire, isolating the

switch side and applying 12volts momentarily just to the motor side only. After the relay is

energised momentarily, it goes back to the rest position to maintain normal operation of the

vehicle‟s door lock system.

Note: The same exact thing happens when the system being used performs the unlock

function.


12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

SWITCH SIDEMOTORIZED

30

87a

87

86 85

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

RELAY FOR

UNLOCK

HOOKED

UP THE

SAME WAY

Pin 85 is now being

energised momentarily

with a ground signal. This

signal can be delivered a

couple of different ways

1. Through a module that

is equipped with “on

board” relays

2. Through a module that

is not equipped with

relays “on board”. In this

case external relays

would have to be used as

shown in the drawing.

The same rule applies,

the switch needs to be

isolated from the motor.

89

MASTER SWITCH


Note: When doing a type “2” door lock circuit it doesn‟t matter what kind of

system your using the relay hook-up is exactly the same. Once that is

understood wiring in this type of door lock set-up is easy.

Note: Cut switch wires, toggle the master switch, find the switch sides of the

wires by testing for 12volts, the motor sides will show no voltage when the

switch is toggled and hook-up accordingly.

Note: When the relays are energised, it simulates the switch and throws 12 volts

out pin 30 in either application. Both applications pull the relay lever down and

connect it to pin 87 momentarily.


INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

12V

12V

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

A

B 12V

12V

MODULE EQUIPPED


30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85 MODULE EQUIPPED

WITH OUT


NEGATIVE OUTPUTS

1 AMP MAX.

30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE MODULE

POLARITY WIRE

RD/BLK

BL

U/B

LK

BL

U

GR

N/B

LK

GR

N

90

RELAY PACK IS

INSIDE THE VEHICLE

TYPE “3” HOW IT WORKS• NEGATIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITH CONTROL RELAYS

Note: Both motor wires

are resting at ground

through points 87a of the

relays.

Note: This system is

totally at rest in this slide.

Note: The switches now

throw ground instead of

12volts like in type “1”. The


the motors is the same.

The only difference

between type “1” and type

“3” is that the switches

throw ground to the coil

instead of 12 volts.

86 30

87a

8785

L

86 30

87a

8785

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCEA

U

A

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

91

85 30

87a

8786

L

86 30

87a

8785

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE


A

U

A

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRENote: When the switch is

pushed to the lock position

point “A” in either door It

sends a ground signal

(indicated by the bold line)

to the lock relay, which in

turn pulls the lock motor




87. This causes the


the motor to lock the

doors.

SENDS GROUND

SIGNAL TO ENERGISE

THE LOCK RELAY

SENDS 12VOLTSDOORS LOCK DOORS LOCK

92

86 30

87a

8785

L

85 30

87a

8786

U

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE


AA

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRENote: When the switch is

pushed to the unlock

position point “A” in

either door It sends a

ground signal (indicated

by the bold line) to the

unlock relay, which in turn

pulls the unlock motor




87. This causes the


the motor to unlock the

doors.

SENDS GROUND

SIGNAL TO ENERGISE

THE UNLOCK RELAY

SENDS 12VOLTSDOORS UNLOCK DOORS UNLOCK

93

TYPE “3” SIMULATION• NEGATIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS WITH CONTROL RELAYS

HOW IS THIS SYSTEM WIRED

UP TO THE MODULE BEING

USED? Note: What needs to be

done is very simple. All we have to

do is to simulate what the switch

does. The switch applies a

momentary ground signal to the

coil of the lock relay “A” when the

switch is pushed “B”.

QUESTION: What needs to be

applied to point “C” to make the

lock relay energise?

ANSWER: A momentary ground

signal.

Note: Depending on what module

is being used the application is the

same. Simulate what the switch

does - apply a ground signal to the

switch wire.

Note: When the relays are

energised, it simulates the switch

and throws a ground out pin 30.

The module without “on-board”

relays does not need external

relays. The relays in the vehicle

only need 150 milliamps or 0.15

amps to energise, which is well

under what the module can supply

(1amp max output).

INSIDE RIGHT

DOOR

L

U

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

MASTER SWITCH

B

SWITCH WIRE

SWITCH WIRE

C

86 30

87a

8785

L

86 30

87a

8785

U

MOTOR WIRE

MOTOR WIRE

MODULE EQUIPPED


30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85GROUNDMODULE EQUIPPED

WITH OUT


NEGATIVE OUTPUTS

1 AMP MAX.

MODULE POLARITY

WIRE RD/BLK

BL

U/B

LK

BL

U

GR

N/B

LK

GR

N

BLU AND GRN NOT USED 94

TYPE “4” HOW IT WORKS• NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS

Note: This door lock system is Pneumatic (air-driven). When the plunger switch is moved or the door key switch is turned in the

driver‟s door they supply one of two signals to the control relay. When the control relay sees a ground signal, it knows to start

the air pump, which in turn pulls the locks down with suction in the vacuum lines. When the control relay sees a 12volt signal, it

knows to start the air pump, which in turn pulls the locks up with suction in the vacuum lines.

Note: In order for the pump to do its function it needs a signal for no less than 3.5 seconds. Autowatch units have this capability

“built-in”. Depending on the module being used this feature can be programmed into the system (see instructions).

CONTROL

RELAYS

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

LOCK PLUNGER

SWITCH

12V

AIR PUMP

VACUUM LINES

SENDS GROUND SIGNAL

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

DO

OR

S L

OC

K

LOCK CONTROL

RELAYS

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

LOCK PLUNGER

SWITCH

12V

AIR PUMP

VACUUM LINES

SENDS 12VOLT SIGNAL

DO

OR

S U

NL

OC

K

DO

OR

S U

NL

OC

K

UNLOCK95

TYPE “4” SIMULATION• NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE TRIGGERED DOOR LOCKS


Note: What needs to be done is very simple. All we have to do is to

simulate what the switch does. The switch applies a momentary ground

signal and a momentary 12volt signal to the control relays. This is

shown in the illustration.

Note: If the module that is being used is not equipped with “on-board”

relays the relay hook-up is provided in the instructions.

Note: The extended lock pulse must be enabled via the security system

programming.

CONTROL

RELAYS

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

LOCK PLUNGER

SWITCH

12V

AIR PUMP

VACUUM LINES

CUT

X

30

87a

87

85 86

NO

T U

SE

D

MODULE EQUIPPED


30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85

BL

U/B

LK

BL

U

GR

N/B

LK

GR

N

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE MODULE

POLARITY WIRE

RD/BLK

96

ADDING DOOR ACTUATORS

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE MODULE

POLARITY WIRE

MODULE EQUIPPED


30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85 MODULE EQUIPPED

WITH OUT


NEGATIVE OUTPUTS

1 AMP MAX.

30

87a

87

86 85

30

87a

87

86 85

FUSED 12 VOLT

SOURCE

BL

U/B

LK

BL

U

GR

N/B

LK

GR

N

Note: When adding additional door lock

actuators the following illustration can be

used.

Note: Some vehicles have what is called a

“Slave system”. This system has a switch

in the driver‟s door which moves all the

motors in the other doors. The driver‟s door

does not have a motor in it. An actuator

must be added to the driver‟s door only, to

make the door locks work remotely. Both

module types are shown.

Note: The relays in either application

perform the reverse polarity action at the

motors to move them up and down. Both

motor wires rest at ground at all times.

When the relays are activated it applies a

momentary 12 volt signal to one side of the

motor creating the reverse polarity action.

97

98

TEST EQUIPMENT

TEST EQUIPMENT

HIGH TECH VEHICLE ELECTRONICS Almost every vehicle manufactured today incorporates one

or more on board computers to control functions such as ABS braking, SRS airbag, fuel delivery, interior and exterior lighting systems and the list goes on and on. These computer-based systems are very sensitive to electrical voltages and cannot tolerate careless testing procedures or use of incompatible testing devices like a test light. The test light has a very low input resistance, demanding excessive current from the circuit being tested can result in a costly computer replacement.

99

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Whenever working on or around vehicle computer or microprocessor controlled alarm system components, some general precautions should be taken to avoid damage to vehicle and alarm system electrical components.

– 1. Never use test lights or other equipment that may demand more than 5mA of current from the circuit being tested.

– 2. Never install or remove battery cables or wiring harness connectors with the ignition key in the ON position or the engine running.

– 3. Always remove the battery cables when charging the battery, especially when using high current output boosters.

100

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CONT.

– 4. Always fuse any power/polarity wires to the security

system. Some ignition switch harness wires found in a

vehicle may not be fused.

– 5. When working on new vehicles and wiring colour

information is not available, check all circuits needed

for installation, verify polarities, then disconnect battery

before doing actual wire connections.

Note: Some high end vehicles may lose memory.

Always check owner‟s manual before battery

disconnection.

101

TEST EQUIPMENT

TEST LIGHTS A 12 volt test light is used to check circuits and components

while electrical current is flowing through them. The test light will not detect or measure that a full +12 volts is present; it only detects that some voltage is present. This makes the test light almost useless as a troubleshooting tool. It can also damage microprocessors because the average test light pulls around 1 Amp which the microprocessor cannot supply. Microprocessor inputs and outputs are rated at less than 20 milliamps. By putting a load of more than 20 milliamps on the microprocessor you can easily damage it.

CAUTION: Autowatch does not recommend the use of test lights or any testing devices with a low input impedance, this can damage on-board computer systems

102

TEST EQUIPMENT

LOGIC PROBES A logic probe functions similar to the test light but unlike the

test light a logic probe is usually “computer safe,” meaning the device has a high input resistance (greater than 20,000 Ohms). Meaning it will not put a load on the circuit. The logic probe is usually equipped with two L.E.D.s. Red tells you that some positive voltage is present in the circuit (usually anything greater than 5 volts). The second L.E.D., green, indicates that a ground is present. However the logic probe is unable to determine that a full 12 volts is actually present in a circuit. This device can also affect the normal operation of the vehicle‟s circuit.(i.e. Intrepid door locks quit working when a logic probe is connected to the lock or unlock wires).

103

TEST EQUIPMENT

VOLTMETERS A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage at any point in a

circuit, or to measure the voltage drop across any part of a

circuit. Voltmeters usually have various scales on the

meter dial to measure a variety of voltage ranges, and

sometimes a selector switch to allow the selection of

different voltage types. A volt meter has a very high

resistance to current flow (typically 10,000,000 Ohms).

The volt meter is a fine tool for checking voltage but is

limited to just that.

104

TEST EQUIPMENT

MULTIMETERS Different combinations of test meters can be built into a

single unit designed for specific tests. Some of the more

common types are known as Volt/Amp testers, Tach/Dwell

meters or digital multimeters. Because the Multimeter is

able to provide the most information in testing and

troubleshooting vehicle circuits, it has become the meter of

choice for most technicians.

105

METER

WORKSHOP &

HOW CIRCUITS

WORK106

VHz

s

V

mV

A

Symbol represents Voltage AC - Alternating current

Symbol represents Hertz

Symbol represents Voltage DC - Direct current

Symbol represents Milli-Voltage DC - Direct current

Symbol represents OHMS - Measurement for Resistance

Symbol represents Continuity - Meaning Continuous

Symbol represents Amperage - AC or DC - Measurement

for current flow.

METER WORKSHOP

107

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR 12 VOLT CONSTANT - HOT AT ALL TIMES

ALWAYS VERIFY TEST POINTS FIRST

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

DO‟S -Thick gauge wire at

ignition switch -Splice, Solder

and tape -Direct to battery

post with fuse in Line (30amp

fuse 8-10 ga.wire).

DONT‟S -Fuse box -Thin

gauge wire -Scotch Locks

-Plug in spade in fuse box.CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH 108

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR 12 VOLT CONSTANT - HOT AT ALL TIMES

ALWAYS VERIFY TEST POINTS FIRST

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

Note: Estimated Vehicle

voltage (11.8-12.6)

Note: Meter change.

109

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR GROUND

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

DO‟S -Thick metal bracket

connected to vehicle‟s

chassis -Self tapping screw

-Existing ground lug used by

the manufacturer -Some

steering column bolts.

DONT‟S - Thin metal bracket

-Under-dash mounting

screws -Painted surfaces.

Note: Power and ground are

the lifelines to the alarm

system.

Note: Usually don‟t have to

worry about checking Ground

if the DO‟S are followed.

TOUCH BLK LEAD

TO POSSIBLE GROUND

LOCATION

KEY SWITCH

VERIFIED 12V

SOURCE

110

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR GROUND

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

Note: Meter change.

KEY SWITCH

VERIFIED 12V

SOURCE

BLK LEAD COMES

IN CONTACT WITH

CHASSIS GROUND

111

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR TRUE IGNITION - SWITCHED HOT

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

DO‟S -Thick gauge wire at ignition

switch harness -Shows 12 volts

through the run and start position.

DONT‟S -Wire that loses 12 volts

when the key is turned to the start

position -Fuse box -Thin gauge wire

-Scotch Locks -Plug in spade in

fuse box.

Note: Ignition sense -Tells alarm,

key is on-ignition locks -Also

possible ignition wire for remote

start.

Powers up all Ignition Systems-Including-Spark Plugs

and All Other Running Vehicle Systems (ECM-BCM-PCM).

112

METER WORKSHOP


BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH



Note: Meter, Key and Wire thickness

change from previous slide.

113

METER WORKSHOP


BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

10.50---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

NOTE CHANGE



Note: Meter Shows 12V through the

run and start position -It may drop

down to 10-11V during start but not

zero.



114

CHECKING FOR STARTER WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

DO‟S -Shows 12V only when the

starter motor is physically turning over

-Possibly two starter wires that act

identically -Use both on ford only.

DONT‟S -Shows power just before

engine turns over -Has slight voltage

on it when key is in run position.

Note: Make sure the vehicle doesn‟t

start after the wire has been cut.

Note: Cold crank wire -Some Nissan‟s

for remote start.

Note: Make sure of a good

connection.

Applies Power to Starter Motor

115

CHECKING FOR STARTER WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

RUN

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCHApplies Power to Starter Motor



116

CHECKING FOR POSITIVE SWITCHING.

ALWAYS USE WIRE CHARTS FIRST.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

Note: The switch will throw a positive

signal to the relay. The relay can then

throw power or ground to the various

devices listed.

SWITCH

INPUT OUTPUT

POSSIBLE

RELAYINPUT OUTPUT

Motors-

Starter-

Blower-

Door Locks-

Trunk-

Windows-Etc.

Lamps-

Interior-

Exterior.117

CHECKING FOR POSITIVE SWITCHING.


METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

Note: Meter and switch change.

Note: Depending on the switch, it

could rest at ground. If so add relay to

isolate switch.

Note: Whatever the switch is doing, it

can be simulated at point “A” by

applying a 12 volt signal.

Note: When checking for parking light

wire, make sure the meter doesn't

fluctuate with the dimmer switch.

SWITCH

INPUT OUTPUT

POSSIBLE

RELAYINPUT OUTPUT

Motor-Starter-Blower

Door Locks-Trunk

Windows-Etc.

Lamps-Interior-ExteriorA

118

CHECKING FOR NEGATIVE SWITCHING.


METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

VERIFIED 12V SOURCE

Note: The switch will throw a ground

signal to the relay. The relay can then

throw power or ground to the various

devices listed.

SWITCH

INPUT OUTPUT

POSSIBLE

RELAYINPUT OUTPUT

Motors-

Starter-

Blower-

Door Locks-

Trunk-

Windows-Etc.

Lamps-

Interior-

Exterior.

119

CHECKING FOR NEGATIVE SWITCHING.


METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

VERIFIED 12V SOURCE

SWITCH

INPUT OUTPUT

POSSIBLE

RELAYINPUT OUTPUT

A

Note: Meter and switch change.

Note: Whatever the switch is doing, it

can be simulated at point “A” by

applying a ground signal.

Motors-

Starter-

Blower-

Door Locks-

Trunk-

Windows-Etc.

Lamps-

Interior-

Exterior.

120

CHECKING FOR HEATER/AC WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

HVAC

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH


switch harness -Falls out during start

position. It will not show voltage in

ACCS. position.

DONT‟S -Stays hot through start

position.

Note: Sometimes two wires (such as

GM & FORD)

Note: Some Vehicles, IGN. Powers

the HVAC circuit (Contour -Some

Foreign).

Note: Heaters Can Pull up to 40-50

Amps (See Relay Note).

Powers up all HVAC Systems-Including-Blower Motor-AC

Compressor and any other Systems Used in HVAC.

RUN

121

CHECKING FOR HEATER/AC WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

HVAC

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

Powers up all HVAC Systems-Including-Blower Motor-AC

Compressor and any other Systems Used in HVAC.

RUN



Note: When the key is turned to the

start position this wire will lose

voltage.

122

CHECKING FOR ACCESSORY WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

HVAC

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

00.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH


switch harness -Falls out during start

position. It will show voltage in ACCS.

and run positions.

DONT‟S -Stays hot through start

position.

Note: Some vehicles require that this

wire is powered up when remote start

is activated (SOME FORD‟S).

Note: Refer to colour chart.

Note: ACCS. Wire looses voltage in

start position.

Powers up All Accessory Circuits

RUN

123

CHECKING FOR ACCESSORY WIRE.

METER WORKSHOP

BOLTED

TO CHASSIS

40-50 AMP FUSES

UNDER HOOD

FIREWALL

GROMMET

ACCS.OFF

HVAC

START

FUSE BOX

IN VEHICLE

POWER

SUPPLY

V

12.00---

CONNECTED TO

CHASSIS GROUND

KEY SWITCH

Powers up All Accessory Circuits

RUN



124

INTERIOR LAMP NOTES DOOR TRIGGERS.


METER WORKSHOP

V

00.00---

LATCH

SWITCHES

OUTPUT

CONTROL

MODULEINPUT OUTPUT

Lamps-Interior

Note: Almost all major

manufacturers have a

similar system in some

Vehicles -Multiple inputs

into a Control module

-Timer Module or Power

save circuit.

INPUT

VERIFIED 12VOLT SOURCE

125

INTERIOR LAMP NOTES DOOR TRIGGERS.


METER WORKSHOP

V

12.00---

Note: Tie Into both inputs points “A” and “B”

using diodes to isolate for door triggers.

Check in the diode section under isolating

two circuits from each other.

Note: Illuminated entry output can be tied

into either “A” or “B”.

LATCH

SWITCHES

OUTPUT

CONTROL

MODULEINPUT OUTPUT

Lamps-Interior

Note: Almost All Major

Manufacturers have a

Similar System in some

Vehicles -Multiple Inputs

into a Control Module

-Timer Module or Power

Save Circuit.

INPUT

VERIFIED 12VOLT SOURCE

B

A

Note: Meter, Switch and Wire thickness


126

CHECKING FOR RESISTANCE.

METER WORKSHOP

1.5kNotes: The Value can be

determined by touching the

two leads of the Meter to

the Resistor ends.

K Meaning Times 1000

Series - Adds Values

Parallel - Divides by 2

PARALLEL

1.5K OR 1500 OHMS

1.5K DIVIDED BY 2 = 750 OHMS

1.5K OR 1500 OHMS

1.5K + 1.5K = 3K OR 3000 OHMS

SERIES

127

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR TACH SIGNAL.1. Find a spark plug wire.

2. Locate its origin. There can be a few different types: Distributor (old style) -Distributor (newer style no coil or the

coil is built inside distributor) -Coil pack (most common on new cars) -Individual coils on each cylinder (not

common).

3. Locate the wires coming from one of the previous devices.

4. Set meter to AC Voltage setting, connect the positive lead of your meter to the positive side of the battery.

5. If the tach wire colour is not known, probe one of the wires coming out of the distribution device.

6. Start the vehicle, let the vehicle settle down to normal idle, the reading should be some where between 0.8 volts

all the way up to 7 volts AC at idle.

7. Rev the engine, the reading should increase any where from 1.5 volts all the way up to 15 volts AC.

Note: The key to finding the right wire is the increase of fluctuation of the meter reading. It should always go up in

numeric value.

.8 volts AC-

7 volts AC

V

s

12 VOLT SUPPLY

POS NEG

COIL PAK OR OTHER

DISTRIBUTION DEVICE

PLUG WIRES

IDLE REV

1.5 volts AC-

15 volts AC

128

METER WORKSHOP

CHECKING FOR CURRENT DRAW

1. Check that the alarm is disarmed, then disconnect the

positive battery cable from the battery.

2. Set the meter to Amp setting.

3. Place a jumper wire between the positive battery cable

and the positive battery post.

4. Connect the meter leads to the battery post and the

battery cable.

5. Remove jumper.

6. Check meter reading.

7. This reading is the total amount of amperage being

pulled from the battery for the entire vehicle.

8. At this time unplug all modules associated with the

entire Autowatch system.

9. Check reading again.

10. Subtract this reading number from the previous

reading (step 8).

11. This is the total amperage being pulled from the power

source by the Autowatch system.

12 VOLT SUPPLY

NEG POS

A

129

POSITIVE BATTERY

CABLE

JUMPER

WIRE

<45mA

TOTAL VEHICLE DRAW

SIMULATION

130

THE KEYLESS

UPGRADE

THE KEYLESS UPGRADE

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Basically this system works exactly the same way as any other of our security

systems as far as security and features are concerned. The only difference is

the way it is turned „on‟ and „off‟. This system is used on vehicles that are

already equipped from the factory with remote keyless entry.

This system has 3 wires that are not on any of our other systems. They are

the „ARM‟ wire, The „DISARM‟ wire and the „UNLOCK SENSE‟ wire. Other

than these 3 wires the system works exactly the same. This system contains

no remote controls. It is operated by the factory keyless remote (FKR) that

comes with the vehicle from the factory.

HOW DOES THE FACTORY SYSTEM WORK?

When the LOCK button of the FKR is pushed it locks all doors. When the

UNLOCK button is pushed the FIRST time it unlocks the driver‟s door only.

When the UNLOCK button is pushed the SECOND time it unlocks the rest of

the doors (on most vehicles).

131

By connecting the ARM and DISARM wires from the Keyless Upgrade to the driver‟s

door motor Lock and Unlock wires, we now can use these signals to arm and disarm

the keyless upgrade system. That‟s how the Keyless Upgrade System works. It is

Armed and Disarmed through the driver‟s door motor wires. Simply put, when the

FKR is pushed to LOCK the factory keyless entry sends a 12volt signal to all lock

motors, which locks all the doors. When the FKR is pushed the first time to UNLOCK

the factory keyless entry system sends a 12volt signal to the driver‟s door motor only.

This in turn only unlocks the driver’s door. We use these two signals to turn the

Keyless Upgrade On and Off. If the UNLOCK button on the FKR is pushed again

within a few seconds the rest of the doors unlock.

Simply put, the Keyless Upgrade system is an alarm with 3 extra wires.

Hypothetically speaking; if the Keyless Upgrade System were to be completely

hooked-up minus the ARM and DISARM wires. The ARM and DISARM wires could

be manually applied to 12 volts and the system would ARM and DISARM. When the

ARM and DISARM inputs from the Keyless Upgrade System are tied into the driver‟s

door motor wires and the FKR is pushed to lock or unlock, this in what arms and

disarms the Keyless Upgrade System.

THE KEYLESS UPGRADE

132

With this in mind the driver‟s door switch in the door could now activate and deactivate the Keyless Upgrade. There's only one problem with that. If the thief were to break the window and push the unlock switch button in the driver‟s or passenger‟s door, the Keyless Upgrade would see a signal on the DISARM wire and shut the system off. That‟s where the UNLOCK SENSE wire comes in.

The UNLOCK SENSE wire is designed to be able to determine whether or not the remote is being pushed, or the physical switch in the driver‟s or passenger's door is being pushed. When the FKR is pushed the Keyless Upgrade System knows it‟s the customer. If the actual switch in either door is pushed to unlock, the Keyless Upgrade System knows to ignore this signal. This keeps the vehicle more secure because you can‟t break the window and then push the door unlock switch in the door to disarm the system.

THE KEYLESS UPGRADE

133

THE KEYLESS UPGRADE

KEYLESS UPGRADE

MODULE

FACTORY KEYLESS

MODULE

MOTOR WIRES

12V OR GROUND

INSIDE LEFT

DOOR

L

U

SWITCH WIRESLOCK

DRIVER‟S DOOR

ONLY UNLOCK

DISARM INPUT

ARM INPUTUNLOCK SENSE

HOW DOES THE KEYLESS UPGRADE PERFORM THESE FUNCTIONS? When the factory remote is pushed to lock, the factory keyless

module sends a 12 volt signal to all motors to lock. When the factory remote is pushed to unlock the first time, the driver‟s door only

unlocks. These two signals are picked up by the ARM and DISARM inputs which in turn tell the alarm to turn „on‟ and „off‟.

HOW DOES THE UNLOCK SENSE WORK?

If the Keyless Upgrade system sees a signal whether it be 12 volts or ground on the UNLOCK SENSE wire at the same time as the ARM or

DISARM inputs the system knows not to disarm. When the door switch is pushed it sends a signal to the motor wires to lock or unlock.

When the FKR is pushed it only sends a signal to the motors in most cases.

SUMMARY: To find the proper ARM wire press the lock button on the remote, locate the wire that shows a 12 volt signal . To find the

proper DISARM wire press the unlock button on the remote, locate the wire that shows a 12 volt signal on the first push of the unlock. To

find the proper UNLOCK SENSE wire push the actual switches in either front door to unlock, locate the wire that shows a 12 volt or ground

signal from either switch.

Note: The UNLOCK SENSE wire should show less than 1 volt when the FKR is pushed to lock or when the first unlock push is performed.

The second push does not come into affect with the operation of the UNLOCK SENSE wire. Note: The wire colours and locations for this

system are pointed out in the wire colour charts under Keyless Upgrade Only.

FACTORY

REMOTE

134

SUMMARY

When installing any aftermarket device always use common sense and neatness.

Always be careful.

Always make very solid connections.

Use the safety precautions as mentioned earlier.

Keep in mind that your customer is the most important person in the world.

Without them, none of us would be in business.

135

Documents

INFORMATION AND INSTALLATION SEMINAR - Autowatch