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Republic of India8/15/1947- Day of Independence

1/26/1950- Republic Day

Preamble to the ConstitutionWE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a _1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the _2[unity and integrity of the Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

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India the continent

18 official languages Area 3.28 million sq km, 1.04 billion

population 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian 3% other 80% Hindu, 14% Muslim, 2.4% Christian,

2% Sikh, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.5 % Jains, 0.4% other.

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India - Political

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National Flag

Saffron, White and Green Ashoka Wheel, blue color

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National Emblem

Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka Four Lions, Wheel Truth alone triumphs

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Other

National Anthem – Jana gana mana National Animal- Tiger National Bird- Peacock National Flower- Lotus National Languages Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani,

Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu

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Prehistory

Indian history is as old as the history of mankind. Artifacts dating back to as much as 500,000 years have been found

Rock Painting, Madhya Pradesh

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History, B. C. Indus Valley Civilization

2500-1500 B.C. Mohenjodaro Harappa Planned city with

sewage facilities

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History, B. C., cont.

Aryan Immigration from Central Europe (Vedas are composed, caste system established)

563-483 B. C., Gautama Buddha 326 B. C., Alexander the Great,

invades India. 300 B. C. Chandragupta Maurya 272 B. C. Emperor Ashoka, spread

of Buddhism.

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The Indian Empire - Ashoka

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India, Ano Domini

52 A. D., St. Thomas comes to India 325 A.D., Thomas of Canaan 4th and 5th Century A.D. Gupta

Dynasty, India’s golden age. 10th and 11th Centuries, Turks &

Afghan invasion Marco Polo (1288) Sikhism (15th century) Vasco-da-gama 1498

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Muslim Influence

Mughals (decendants of Ghengis Khan) 1526- Babur 1530- Humayun 1556- Akbar 1605- Jehangir 1627- Shah Jehan (Taj Mahal) 1627-80 Shivaji (founder of Maratha kingdom) 1631- Construction on Taj Mahal 1658- Aurangazeb 1862- Bahdur Shah, last Mughal emperor

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Taj Mahal

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British India

By late 17th Century the British has outpost in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta

By 1850 the British had total control of present day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh

1857 Sepoy Mutiny (First war of Independence)

1885, Indian National Congress formed 1920 Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed

the Indian National Congress to a mass movement against British rule.

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Fight for Independence

1919, Massacre at Jallianwala bagh. 1930, Dandi or Salt March, India’s

Boston Tea Party 1931, Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh. 1942, Quit India movement

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Independent India

On August 15, 1947, India becomes independent with Jawaharlal Nehru as the PM.

Hindu-Muslim rivalry leads to creation of Pakistan

On January 26, 1950 Indian becomes a republic after the adoption of the constitution.

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Nehru Speech at Independence.

Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long supressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still

larger cause of humanity.

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India, a vibrant democracy

Except for 2 years of its history, regular elections have been held

Member of select club of countries with nuclear capability and a space program

Of late, a world leader in IT. Net importer of food to net exporter

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Problems facing India

Population: 1 billion and counting Literacy, less than 1 in 2 people

can read. Others: Corruption, Work Culture,

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Resources & Credits

http://www.indianchild.com http://indiaimage.nic.in http://www.webindia123.com http://www.kamat.com