Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound

8/3/2019 Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OFTHE SKIN AND

WOUND

MAJID MOHIUDDIN


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OF THE SKIN AND

WOUNDVIRAL INFECTIONS:Chickenpox and Shingles

German Measles, RubellaMeasles, Hard Measles, Rubeola

Smallpox

Warts

BACTERIAL


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CHICKEN POX

Also known as Varicella.

Acute, Generalized viralinfection with fever mildconstitutional symptoms &

skin rash.

Vesicles also forms in mucous

membranes.


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Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Herpes

Virus

(Family Herpesviridae) also known asHerpesvirus3

--- A DNA Virus

Infected Humans

-Person to person by direct contact

-

Etiologic/CausativeAgent

Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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GERMAN MEASLES,RUBELLA

Mild, Febrile Viral disease.

Fine, Pinkish, Flat rash begin1 (or) 2 days after onset ofsymptoms.

It starts on the face & neck &spreads to trunk arms & legs.


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Rubella Virus

(Family Togaviridae)

--- A RNA Virus

Infected Humans

- By droplet spread

- (or) direct contact with nasopharyngeal

secretions of infected people.


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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MEASLES, HARDMEASLES, RUBEOLA

An acute highlycommunicable viral diseasewith fever, conjunctivitis,

cough, light sensitivity, koplikspots in mouth & red blotchyskin rash.

Rash begins on the face on3rd to 7th day & then

becomes generalized.


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Measles (Rubeola) virus

(Family Paramyxoviridae)

--- A RNA Virus

Infected Humans

- Airborne transmission by dropletspread

- (or) direct contact with nasal (or)


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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SMALL POX

A Systemic viral infectionwith fever, malaise (fatigue),headache, prostration, severe

backache, characteristic skinrash, and occasionalabdominal pain and vomiting.

Rash is similar to rash ofchickenpox.


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warts

Many varieties of skin andmucous membrane lesionsincluding common warts

( Verrucae vulgaris), venerealwarts, and Plantar warts.

Most are harmless, but somecan become cancerous.


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At least 70 different types of Human

papillomaviruses- HPV

Genus: Papillomavirus & (FamilyPapovaviridae)

--- A DNA Virus

Infected Humans

- Direct contact.

-


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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BACTERIALINFECTIONS OF THE

SKIN


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Acne

A common condition in whichpores become clogged withdried sebum, flaked skin and

bacteria. Leads to theformation of blackheads andwhite heads (collectively

known as acne pimples) andinflamed.

Infected abscesses: more


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- Propionibacterium acnes

- Propionibacterium spp.

- All are anaerobic Gram+ve bacilli.

Infected Humans

- Probably not transmissible.


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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ANTHRAX,WOOLSORTERS DISEASE

Anthrax can affect

the skin (cutaneous anthrax).

The lungs (Inhalation (or) Pulmonaryanthrax).

GI tract (Gastrointestinal anthrax).

In cutaneous anthraxdepressed blackened lesioncalled ESCHARS occur.


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- Bacillus anthracis

- A spore forming, G+ve bacillus.

- Anthrax infected animals,

- Spores may be present in soil, animal

hair, wool, animal skins and hides andproduct made from them.


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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GAS GANGRENE, MYONECROSIS

Necrosis (Tissue death) dueto ischemia (Lack of oxygen)is called gangrene.

Gangrene may (or may notinvolve pathogens. Howeverone type of gangrene, calledGas gangrene also calledMyonecrosis always

involved pathogens.


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- Genus: Clostridium. Clostridium spp.

(Clostridium perfringens)

- Anaerobic bacteria.

- Necrotizing enzymes and toxinsproduced in wounds.

- Soil


Reservoirs

Mode of

Transmission

Diagnosis


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,HANSEN (OR) HANSENS

DISEASE LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY:Numerous nodules in skin;may be involvement of the

nasal mucosa and eyes.

TUBERCULOID LEPROSY: Fewskin lesions; peripheral nerveinvolvement tends to besevere, with loss of

sensations.


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STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKININFECTIONS

(Folliculitis, Furuncle,Carbuncles, Abscesses,Impetigo, Impetigo of the new

born, Scalded Skin Syndrome)

All infected hair follicles, boils(furuncles), carbuncles andStys involve Staphylococcus aureus.


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-Staphylococcus aureus : G +ve

-Impetigo may caused by G+ve(Streptococcus pyogenes)

-S. Aureus spreads through skin byproducing Hyaluronidase.

-SSSS is produced by strains ofS.aureus that produce expoliative(orepidermolytic) toxin, which causes thetop layer of skin (epidermic) to splitfrom the rest of the skin.


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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-Streptococcus pyogenes : G +ve coccus

also known as group A beta hemolyticStreptococcus (GAS) and Strep A Scarlet fever is caused by Erythrogenic

toxin, produced by some strains ofS.pyogenes.

-It can be complication (sequela) of

untreated strep throat (Streptococcalpharyngitis)


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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fungal INFECTIONS OF

THE SKIN

DERMATOPHYTOSIS TINEA


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DERMATOPHYTOSIS, TINEA(RINGWORM)INFECTION,

DERMATOMYCOSIS

The Dermatophytoses (Tineainfections (or) ringworminfections) are named inaccordance with the site ofinfections fungal lesions of

The scalp (Tinea capitis)

Groin area (Tinea crusis) or (JockItch)

Trunk of the body (Tinea


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Protozoal INFECTIONS

OF THE SKIN


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LEISHMANIASIS

Cutaneous, Mucosal and VisceralLeishmaniasis.

The cutaneous form starts witha papule that enlarges into a

crater like ulcer.

Individual ulcers may coalesce.

Eti l i /C ti


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-Various spp. Of flagellated protozoa

Genus : Leishmania.

The motile, extracellular form is called apromastigote; The non motile,

intracellular form is called anamastigote.

-Infected Humans, domestic dogs, avariety of wild animals.


Reservoirs

Mode ofTransmission

Diagnosis


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WOUND INFECTIONS

When the protective skin barrier isbroken as a result of burns, puncturewounds, surgical procedures (or)bites, opportunistic indigenousmicroflora and environmentalbacteria can invade and cause local

(or) deep tissue infections. Thepathogens may spread via. Blood(or) lymph, causing serious systemic

infections.


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Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Wound