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Infection ControlInfection ControlUniversal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
Immune/Lymphatic SystemsImmune/Lymphatic Systems
Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission
Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission
Communicable Disease- Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 contagious, spread from 1 person to another.person to another.
Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission
Communicable Disease- contagious, Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another.spread from 1 person to another.
Blood borne transmission- Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, other body fluids—HBV, HIVHIV
Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission
Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another.1 person to another.
Blood borne transmission- contact through blood Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIVor other body fluids—HBV, HIV
Airborne transmission- Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TBbreath) colds, flu, TB
Disease TransmissionDisease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1
person to another.person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or
other body fluids—HBV, HIVother body fluids—HBV, HIV Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory
droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TBdroplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB
Food/Water borne Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink (fecal/oral)- eat or drink contaminated substances- contaminated substances- food poisoning, some food poisoning, some hepatitis viruseshepatitis viruses
Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
Treat all pts as if they are Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.contaminated.
Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
Treat all pts as if they are Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.contaminated.
Always protect yourself, Always protect yourself, the pt, and the the pt, and the surroundings.surroundings.
Chain of infectionChain of infection
Pathogen
Pathogen
Reservoir
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Transport
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Transport
Entry Portal
Pathogen
Reservoir
Exit Portal
Transport
Entry Portal
Host
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu
Reservoir- tissues, nose Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…juice etc…
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
Exit portal- noseExit portal- nose
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- noseExit portal- nose
Transport- sneeze, hands, Transport- sneeze, hands, salivasaliva
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- noseExit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, salivaTransport- sneeze, hands, saliva
Entry portal- mucous Entry portal- mucous membranesmembranes
Chain of Infection ExampleChain of Infection Example
Pathogen- FluPathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- noseExit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, salivaTransport- sneeze, hands, saliva Entry portal- mucous membranesEntry portal- mucous membranes
Host- youHost- you
Common Portals of exit and Common Portals of exit and entryentry
Mucous Membranes-nose, Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyesmouth and eyes
Common Portals of exit and Common Portals of exit and entryentry
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyeseyes
Digestive tract – eat the Digestive tract – eat the crittercritter
Common Portals of exit and Common Portals of exit and entryentry
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyeseyes
Digestive tract- eat the critterDigestive tract- eat the critter
Respiratory tractRespiratory tract
Common Portals of exit and Common Portals of exit and entryentry
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyeseyes
Digestive tract- eat the critterDigestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tractRespiratory tract
Open wounds and skin Open wounds and skin lesionslesions
Common Portals of exit and Common Portals of exit and entryentry
Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyeseyes
Digestive tract- eat the critterDigestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tractRespiratory tract Open wounds and skin lesionsOpen wounds and skin lesions
HandsHands
In order to stop the infection In order to stop the infection you must……you must……
Break the chainBreak the chain
How to break the chainHow to break the chain Pathogen-kill it—Pathogen-kill it— Reservoir- clean it upReservoir- clean it up Exit portal- nose--control the portalExit portal- nose--control the portal Transport-sneeze—stay way fromTransport-sneeze—stay way from Entry portal- mucous membrane-Entry portal- mucous membrane-
Wash handsWash hands Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat
right, exerciseright, exercise
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands
Protect you, the pt, and Protect you, the pt, and the surroundingthe surrounding
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the Protect you, the pt, and the
surroundingsurrounding
Intact skinIntact skin
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the Protect you, the pt, and the
surroundingsurrounding Intact skinIntact skin
Healthy and well restedHealthy and well rested
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the Protect you, the pt, and the
surroundingsurrounding Intact skinIntact skin Healthy and well restedHealthy and well rested
Cover woundsCover wounds
How to break the chain How to break the chain cont.cont.
Wash HandsWash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the Protect you, the pt, and the
surroundingsurrounding Intact skinIntact skin Healthy and well restedHealthy and well rested Cover woundsCover wounds
Sterilize InstrumentsSterilize Instruments
How to break the chain cont..How to break the chain cont..PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection
EquipmentEquipment
PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection EquipmentEquipment
1. 1. GlovesGloves
PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection EquipmentEquipment
1.1. GlovesGloves
2.2. Face shields/masksFace shields/masks
PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection EquipmentEquipment
1.1. GlovesGloves
2.2. Face shields/masksFace shields/masks
3.3. Eye protectionEye protection
PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection EquipmentEquipment
1.1. GlovesGloves
2.2. Face shields/masksFace shields/masks
3.3. Eye protectionEye protection
4.4. ScrubsScrubs
PPE’s – Personal Protection PPE’s – Personal Protection EquipmentEquipment
1.1. GlovesGloves
2.2. Face shields/masksFace shields/masks
3.3. Eye protectionEye protection
4.4. ScrubsScrubs
5.5. gownsgowns
Growth requirements for Growth requirements for MicrobesMicrobes
HeatHeat
Growth requirements for Growth requirements for MicrobesMicrobes
HeatHeat
FoodFood
Growth requirements for Growth requirements for MicrobesMicrobes
HeatHeat FoodFood
DarknessDarkness
Growth requirements for Growth requirements for MicrobesMicrobes
HeatHeat FoodFood DarknessDarkness
MoistureMoisture
Classification of MicrobesClassification of Microbes
Bacteria-strep throatBacteria-strep throat
virusvirus
FLU, HIVFLU, HIV
FungusFungus
Athletes footAthletes foot
ParasitesParasites
Tape worm, malariaTape worm, malaria
Signs and Symptoms of an Signs and Symptoms of an InfectionInfection
Inflammation = red, heat, Inflammation = red, heat, swelling, painswelling, pain
Signs and Symptoms of an Signs and Symptoms of an InfectionInfection
Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, painpain
PusPus
Signs and Symptoms of an Signs and Symptoms of an InfectionInfection
Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, painpain
PusPus
feverfever
Signs and Symptoms of an Signs and Symptoms of an InfectionInfection
Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, painpain
PusPus FeverFever
GrowthsGrowths
Signs and Symptoms of an Signs and Symptoms of an InfectionInfection
Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, painInflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain PusPus FeverFever GrowthsGrowths
Body reaction- seizures, Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut downconvulsion, organ shut down
Immune/Lymphatic SystemImmune/Lymphatic System
Controls the body’s Controls the body’s defense system and defense system and garbage (metabolic waste) garbage (metabolic waste) system.system.
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
FunctionFunction
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
FunctionFunction Absorb fat and fat soluble Absorb fat and fat soluble
vitamins vitamins
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
FunctionFunction Absorb fat and fat soluble Absorb fat and fat soluble
vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in water.vitamins dissolve in water.
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
FunctionFunction Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K)(A,D,E,K)
Remove and filter cellular Remove and filter cellular waste products and return waste products and return fluid into the circulatory fluid into the circulatory system.system.
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
FunctionFunction Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K)(A,D,E,K) Remove and filter cellular waste Remove and filter cellular waste
products and return fluid into the products and return fluid into the circulatory systemcirculatory system
Assists the immune system.Assists the immune system.
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
StructuresStructures
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
StructuresStructures
Lymph fluidLymph fluid
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
StructuresStructures Lymph fluidLymph fluid
Lymph glands—neck, Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filtersarea)—filters
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
StructuresStructures Lymph fluidLymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and Lymph glands—neck, axillary and
inguinal (groin area)—filtersinguinal (groin area)—filters
Spleen- filterSpleen- filter
Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
StructuresStructures Lymph fluidLymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and Lymph glands—neck, axillary and
inguinal (groin area)—filtersinguinal (groin area)—filters Spleen- filterSpleen- filter
Lymph vessels-carry the Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluidlymph fluid
Immune SystemImmune System
Immune SystemImmune System
FunctionsFunctions
Immune SystemImmune System
FunctionsFunctions
Protect the body from Protect the body from invading organisms invading organisms (pathogens, microbes)(pathogens, microbes)
Immune SystemImmune System
FunctionsFunctions Protect the body from invading Protect the body from invading
organismsorganisms
Destroys organisms that Destroys organisms that have invaded.have invaded.
Immune SystemImmune System
FunctionsFunctions Protect the body from invading Protect the body from invading
organismsorganisms Destroys organisms that have invaded.Destroys organisms that have invaded.
Raise body temperature Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are to kill microbes that are temperature sensitive.temperature sensitive.
Immune SystemImmune System
StructuresStructures
Immune SystemImmune System
StructuresStructures
Uses all other body Uses all other body systems, organs and systems, organs and tissues.tissues.
Immune SystemImmune System
StructuresStructures Uses all other body systems, organs and Uses all other body systems, organs and
tissues.tissues.
Specialized cells that eat, Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve puncture, or dissolve microbes on contact microbes on contact
First lines of DefenseFirst lines of Defense
First lines of DefenseFirst lines of Defense
Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…sores etc…
First lines of DefenseFirst lines of Defense
Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…etc…
Respiratory System- nose Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps hair, mucous that traps microbes/critters and gunk microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in.that is breathed in.
First lines of DefenseFirst lines of Defense
Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous
that traps critters and gunk breathed in. that traps critters and gunk breathed in.
Digestive system- digestive Digestive system- digestive juices destroy microbes/critters juices destroy microbes/critters that may have been eaten.that may have been eaten.
First lines of DefenseFirst lines of Defense
Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous
that traps critters and gunk breathed in. that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Digestive system- digestive juices Digestive system- digestive juices
destroy critters that may have been destroy critters that may have been eaten.eaten.
Lymphatic systemLymphatic system
Immune System Response Immune System Response FactorsFactors
Immune System Response Immune System Response FactorsFactors
Health- sleep, diet, exercise Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.and stress.
Immune System Response Immune System Response FactorsFactors
Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
Age- The older we get, to Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Under the immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60 y/o is age of 5 and above 60 y/o is when our immune system is when our immune system is the weakest.the weakest.
Immune System Response Immune System Response FactorsFactors
Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 Age- The older we get, to about Age 60
the more immunity we have.the more immunity we have.
Heredity- Genes and genetics Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune can determine your immune system response.system response.
Immune System Response Immune System Response FactorsFactors
Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 Age- The older we get, to about Age 60
the more immunity we have.the more immunity we have. Heredity- Genes and genetics can Heredity- Genes and genetics can
determine your immune system determine your immune system response.response.
Opportunistic Infection- Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not usually pathogen that would not usually infect, but if host is weak, it will infect, but if host is weak, it will infect.infect.
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
Antigen- any substance the Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign.body regards as foreign.
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
Antigen- any substance the body Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign.regards as foreign.
Antibody- a disease fighting Antibody- a disease fighting proteinprotein
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
Antigen- any substance the body Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign.regards as foreign.
Antibody- a disease fighting proteinAntibody- a disease fighting protein
Antibody + Antibody + Antigen=immune reactionAntigen=immune reaction
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
Most of the time the Most of the time the immune reaction is immune reaction is specific.specific.
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction Most of the time the Most of the time the
immune reaction is immune reaction is specific.specific.
Antibody A
AntigenA
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction Most of the time the Most of the time the
immune reaction is immune reaction is specific.specific.
Antibody A
AntigenB
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
The body creates new The body creates new antibodies for each new antibodies for each new infection.infection.
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction
The body creates new antibodies for The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. each new infection.
The body stores the new The body stores the new antibody information for antibody information for future use.future use.
The Immune ReactionThe Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for The body creates new antibodies for
each new infection. each new infection. The body stores the new antibody The body stores the new antibody
information for future use.information for future use. In some cases this reaction In some cases this reaction
does not work to well, as in does not work to well, as in the case of dangerous the case of dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc….eating bacteria, etc….
Misc Immune System InfoMisc Immune System Info
Antibiotics are for bacterial Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they are not infections, they are not effective against viruses.effective against viruses.
Misc Immune System InfoMisc Immune System Info
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
HIV destroys the immune systems HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the T-cells (immune by killing the T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player cells) in the body-a major player in organizing the immune system in organizing the immune system attack. For this reason AIDS pts attack. For this reason AIDS pts dies from common infections…dies from common infections…cold/flucold/flu
Misc Immune System InfoMisc Immune System Info
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-
cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack.attack.
An Allergy is an over reaction An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune system to a of your immune system to a harmless antigen (allergen—harmless antigen (allergen—pollen, dust, foods). You can pollen, dust, foods). You can die from a simple overreactiondie from a simple overreaction—anaphylaxis=complete —anaphylaxis=complete system shut down.system shut down.
