In the name of Allah who is the most beneficent and the most merciful

Title: Proximate Analysis and Minerals Profile of Commercially available Baby Milk Powders.

Name : Sadia Mushtaq 

Registration No : 2008-ag-69

INTRODUCTION

•Infant formulas are widely used as substitutes for human milk (Uauy and Andraca, 1995).

•Are liquids or reconstituted powders fed to infants and young children (Bermejo et al., 2000).

•The most commonly used infant formulas contain purified cow's milk whey and casein as a protein source, a blend of vegetable oils as a fat source, lactose as a carbohydrate source, a vitamin-mineral mix and other ingredients depending on the manufacturer (Fomon and Samuel, 2001).

•Plain cow's milk is unsuited for infants because of its high protein and electrolyte (salt) content.

•Cow’s milk used for formula undergoes processing in order to be made into infant formula. This includes making protein more easily digestible and alters the whey-to-casein protein ratio closer to human milk.

•The addition of essential ingredients called "fortification", replacement of dairy fat with fats of vegetable or marine origin, etc.

•The following must be included in all formulas: Protein, Fat, Linoleic acid, Vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), B6, B12, Niacin, Folic acid, Pantothenic acid Calcium, Minerals: magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, Phosphorus, Iodine and Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride and Carbohydrates.

•Formulas not made with cow's milk must include biotin, choline and inositol (Larranaga and Blasco, 2009).

Fatty acids serve as the main source of energy for man. Fatty acids intake necessary for newborn and children

especially for brain growth (Uauy et al., 1994). Fat contributes about 50% of the total energy for infants

(Jensen, 1989).

Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for growing infants as it accounts for 35 to 42% of their daily energy intake.

In most cow's based formulas, lactose is the main source of carbohydrates present. But not present in cow's milk-based lactose-free formulas nor specialized non-milk protein formulas or hydrolyzed protein formulas for infants with milk protein sensitivity, also not present in soy-based formulas.

Dietary fiber encompasses various complex substances, mainly non starch polysaccharides and lignin that resist hydrolysis by human alimentary enzymes.

Non-digestible polysaccharides have important health benefits: they promote normal laxation (Hillemeier, 1995; Roma, 1999) and can help in reducing the risk of some cancers, (Williams et al., 1995).

Major influence on the bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and its maturation, in promoting laxation and in establishing healthy eating patterns (Edwards and Parrett, 2003).

Vitamins are essential for the normal health and growth of the child.

Vitamins are a broad group of organic components that are

minor, but essential, constituents of food required for normal growth, self-maintenance and functioning of animal bodies. (Arcot & Shrestha, 2005; Ball, 2006; Fenech, 2001; Wardlow & Insel, 1995).

Protein of cows’ milk-based infant formulas modified to

provide an infant with essential amino acids and to mimic the protein composition of human milk as closely as possible (Alles et al., 2004).

Differences between cow’s milk and human milk is the protein composition and content.

Thus, in most infant formulas cow’s milk is enriched with whey or whey protein concentrate to attain usually a 40:60 casein/ whey protein ratio (Connor et al., 1997).

Most infant milk formulas contain a mean protein: energy ratio of about 2 g/100 kcal.

Formula-fed infants have a higher protein intake than breastfed infants (Fomon et al.,1973, Butte et al., 1984, Janas et al., 1985).

Minerals and Trace elements are essential for biological processes.

Play a vital role in normal growth and development.Trace element requirements are more critical during Infancy and early childhood (Brätter et al., 1998).

Involved in enzymatic reactions, bone mineralization, as well as protection of cells and lipids in biological membranes.

Low intake or reduced bioavailability of minerals may lead to deficiencies (Schlenker and Williams, 2003).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

CHEMICALS AND REGENTS 

Ascorbic acid, Boric acid, Nitric acid , Sulphuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Glacial acetic acid, Ethanol, Methanol, 2-Propanol, Ammonium hydoxide, Potassium hydroxide, Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium carbonate, Calcium carbonate, Manganese sulphate, Coper sulphate, Potassium sulphate, Ethyl ether, N-hexane, Iso-octane, Methyl red Distilled water, Deionized water.

PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SOLUTIONS0.313N Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide SolutionPellets (12.52±0.01g) were accurately weighed, then made volume up to 1liter, standardized against (0.1 N) oxalic acid (6.3g/L),using 1 % phenolphthalein

(alcoholic).

40% Sodium hydroxide prepared by dissolving 40g of NaOH pellets in distilled water

and its volume was made up to 100 mL.

1%.Phenolphthalein Solution in Alcohol prepared by dissolving 1g phenolphthalein

in a small quantity of ethanol and volume was made up to 100mL with ethanol.

2% Boric Acid prepared by dissolving 2g of boric acid in small amount of distilled

water and volume made up to 100 mL .

0.1N Sulphuric Acid Solution prepared by dissolving 3.7 mL of sulfuric acid in water,

It was standardized against standard solution of bicarbonate using methyl orange as

indicator. 0.1275N Sulphuric Acid Solution prepared by dissolving 1.73 mL of H2SO4

in small amount of distilled water and made the volume up to 250 mL in a

volumetric flask. 

Digestion Mixture (K2SO4+ FeSO4+CuSO4) 90g of K2SO4, 9gram of FeSO4 and 1 g of CuSO4

were thoroughly mixed to prepare digestion mixture for protein.

0.5M Alcohlic Potassium Hydroxide Soluton prepared by dissolving 2.8gram of KOH in

small amount of methanol and made the volume up to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. Standardization of NaOH Standardization of HCl Standardization of H2SO4

Standardization of Alcohlic KOH

COLLECTION OF SAMPLES: Tewelve samples of different Baby milk powdersEXTRACTION OF OILANALYSIS OF MINERAL COMPOSITIONWet Digestion of Fruit SamplesSamples pretreated to destroy the organic matter: The technique used for metal analysis require clear, organic matter free and transparent solution.

Flow Sheet diagram of wet digestion is given below 1g of sample.

↓10mL of conc, Nitric acid(HNO3)

↓Heated on hot plate at 70-80oC

(For 1-2 hours)↓

Increased the temperature of hot plateto 150 oC and stayed for 2-3 hours

↓Added 5mL of conc. sulphuric acidand 3mL of hydrogen per oxide.

↓Continued heating till completedecomposition of organic matter

and clear solution was obtained.

Preparation of Standard Solution Used for Analysis: Standard solutions, required for the determination of elements by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer/ Flame Photometer, prepared accroding to following equation C1V1=C2V2, are given below

• 1000 ppm Sodium• 1000 ppm Potassium• 1000 ppm Potassium• 1000 ppm Iron• 1000 ppm of Zinc• 1000 ppm of Copper• 1000 ppm of Calcium Analysis of Samples and Standards: For the analysis of minerals and

trace element two technique were used.1. Atomic absorption spectrometry2. Flame photometry Preparation of Standard Calibration Curves: A series of standard

solution of each cation in the rang of absorbance noted for unknown sample were simultaneously run on atomic absorption spectrometer under same set of conditions. Standard calibration curve were constructed from concentration verses absorbance data

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Labeld values of the Content of the microelements in the baby milk powders.

. Product name Na

(mg100-1g)K(mg100-1g)

Ca(mg100-1g)

Fe(mg100-1g)

Cu(µg100-1g)

Zn(mg100-1g)

Mn(µg100-1g)

Mg(mg100-1g)

Biomil plus-1 165 493 452 6.4 364.0 4.1 36 45.0

Biomil plus-2 175 413 643 6.5 356.0 4.5 64.3 60.3

BF-1 160 540 380 6.0 320 3.3 50 45

BF-2 210 625 550 6.0 300 3.0 46 55

FM-T 140 490 400 6.0 325 2.8 30 41

FU-2 200 700 700 8.5 325 2.5 30 50

S-26 gold -1 126 512 386 6.3 362 4.7 39 35

Promil gold-2 214 714 821 8.6 314 3.6 71 61

Fabimilk-1 140 520 470 7.0 380 4.0 45 45

Fabimilk-2 195 740 555 7.0 380 4.0 45 52

Lactogen-1 173 450 350 5.3 380 3.7 40.0 42

Lactogen-2 240 570 550 6.85 340 5.6 40 54

  Analysed values for the microelements in the baby milk powders Product

nameNa

(mg100-1g)K

(mg100-1g)Ca

(mg100-1g)Fe

(mg100-1g)Cu

(µg100-1g)Zn

(mg100-1g)Mn

(µg100-1g)Mg

(mg100-1g)

Biomil plus-1

167.10±5.01

502.0±16.7 456±9.9 6.75±0.14

370.14±7.32 4.24±0.11

41.25±1.25

42.25±1.23

Biomil plus-2

181.13±5.50 421.0±9.11 658±13.8 7.87±0.29

363.07±9.80 4.67±0.09

58.75±1.18

43.50±1.31

BF-1166.26±4.

98552.0±16.

9 389±8.2 6.12±0.24331.01±6.

90 2.88±0.0862.50±1.2

938.50±1.2

5

BF-2220.09±4.

43642.0±12.

9 566±14.3 7.18±0.29315.11±9.1

2 3.30±0.0757.50±1.7

942.35±1.3

2

FM-T152.11±4.6

3514.0±16.

1 417±9.9 7.89±0.17340.03±7.

12 2.86±0.0945.73±1.3

8 38.0±1.19

FU-2215.21±6.

33716.0±21.

3 720±21.1 8.31±0.39339.00±6.

87 3.41±0.0843.78±0.9

343.75±1.2

8S-26 gold -

1133.05±2.

79529.0±15.

9 395±7.9 6.96±0.32387.02±7.

81 3.08±0.07 45.0±0.90 39.5±1.21Promil gold-2

223.12±4.49

704.0±14.2 833±16.9 10.7±0.29

325.19±6.69 3.92±0.14 72.5±2.19

63.24±1.25

Fabimilk-1149.24±4.

45531.0±10.

8 482±9.9 7.63±0.25357.21±7.

28 4.12±0.1656.20±1.7

338.67±1.1

8

Fabimilk-2210.04±4.

32749.0±14.

5 564±16.8 7.35±0.21392.10±7.

94 4.07±0.0958.21±1.7

143.75±1.3

2

Lactogen-1182.07±5.

43465.0±14.

1 359±10.7 6.54±0.16381.33±7.

78 3.16±0.11 47.5±1.4939.77±0.8

3

Lactogen-2252.32±7.

51589.0±17.

8 563±16.7 7.43±0.20345.22±7.

10 5.87±0.1853.45±1.6

1 68. ±2.12

LABELD VALUES FOR PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BABY MILK POWDERS

Company name

Baby milk powders

Protein content(%)

Fat content(%)

Carbohydrates(%)

Moisture content(%)

Ash content(%)

Fiber content(%)

FASSAKA Biomil plus-1 11.3 26.4 57.7 ------- ------- --------

Biomil plus-2 12.4 23.0 59.6 ------- ------- --------

MORINAGA BF-111.0 27.0

59.952.5(lactose)

2.7 2.4 --------

BF-2 15.0 20.0 58.544.0 (lactose)

3 3.5 --------

MEIJI FM-T 12.5 25.5 57.256.5(lactose)

2.5 2.3 --------

FU-2 18.5 18.0 56.855.5(lactose)

2.5 4.2 --------

WEYTH S-26 gold -1 11.0 28.0 57.0(lactose) 2.5 2.5 --------

Promil gold-2 16.0 20.0 59.0(lactose) 2.5 4.3 --------

INTRFOODS Fabimilk-1 10.5 25.5 57.4(lactose) 3 -------- --------

Fabimilk-2 15.0 22.2 56.837.8(lactose)

3 -------- --------

NESTLE Lactogen-1 10.8 26.7 57.6(lactose) 3 1.9 --------

Lactogen-2 14.1 21.5 55.0(lactose free)

3 3.0 --------

ANALYSED VALUES FOR THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BABY MILK POWDERSCompany name

Product name

Protein content(%)

Fat content(%)

Carbohydrates(%)

Fiber content(%)

Ash content(%)

Moisture content(%)

FASSAKA Biomil plus-1

12.50±0.39 18.56±0.78 63.88±1.71 0.94±0.03 3.53±0.08 2.81±0.09

Biomil plus-2

15.00±0.47 22.00±0.67 56.91±1.69 1.05±0.05 4.19±0.10 2.33±0.07

MORINAGA

BF-1 10.00±0.30 33.15±0.73 51.54±1.19 0.89±0.04 2.75±0.02 2.42±0.06

BF-2 15.63±0.49 22.24±0.65 56.42±1.23 1.11±0.03 3.84±0.11 2.91±0.08

MEIJI FM-T 11.87±0.37 24.00±0.72 58.72±1.21 0.43±0.01 2.5±0.05 2.93±0.07

FU-2 19.37±0.59 16.42±0.49 56.93±1.32 0.55±0.02 3.70±0.09 3.74±0.10

WEYTH S-26 gold -1 11.87±0.36 25.58±0.77 58.82±1.25 1.77±0.07 2.56±0.02 2.10±0.05

Promil gold-2

15.62±0.47 17.22±0.53 62.02±1.75 0.85±0.06 3.88±0.10 2.73±0.06

INTRFOODS

Fabimilk-1 10.62±0.30 23.24±0.71 61.22±1.77 1.10±0.04 2.88±0.08 3.13±0.04

Fabimilk-2 15.62±0.46 21.17±0.65 56.52±1.29 1.76±0.05 4.46±0.12 2.72±0.08

NESTLE Lactogen-1 11.25±0.32 25.00±0.72 58.90±1.55 1.18±0.04 2.10±0.07 2.82±0.05

Lactogen-2 13.75±0.40 20.66±0.60 59.34±1.53 0.75±0.03 3.17±0.06 2.97±0.07

LABELD VALUES FOR VITAMIN A AND E CONTENT IN THE BABY MILK POWDERS:

Company name Product name Vitamin A( IU)

Vitamin E

FASSAKA Biomil plus-1 1802 6.7 IU

Biomil plus-2 1903 6.3 IU

MORINAGA BF-1 450 µgRE 10.0 mg100-1g

BF-2 360 µgRE 10.0 mg100-1g

MEIJI FM-T 1700 4.0 mg100-1g

FU-2 1300 6.0 mg100-1g

WEYTH S-26 gold -1 1969 8.7 IUPromil gold-2 1786 7.9 IU

INTRFOODS Fabimilk-1 1800 10.5 mg100-1g

Fabimilk-2 1800 7.0 mg100-1g

NESTLE Lactogen-1 1993 12.9 IU

Lactogen-2 1833 6.8 IU

ANALYSED VALUES FOR VITAMIN A AND E CONTENT IN THE BABY MILK POWDERS

Company name Product name Vitamin A (IU)

Vitamin E

FASSAKA Biomil plus-1 1850±36.5 9.60 IU

Biomil plus-2 1924±38.7 9.71 IU

MORINAGA BF-1 1586±47.2 10.05 mg100-1g

BF-2 1257±25.2 11.23 mg100-1g

MEIJI FM-T 1736±34.6 4.27 mg100-1g

FU-2 1341±40.08 8.73 mg100-1g

WEYTH S-26 gold -1 1986±59.9 9.13 IU

Promil gold-2 1810±53.9 8.55 IU

INTRFOODS Fabimilk-1 1863±54.5 10.34 mg100-1g

Fabimilk-2 1844±36.8 8.94 mg100-1g

NESTLE Lactogen-1 2012±60.8 14.11 IU

Lactogen-2 1900±54.5 8.61 IU

THANKS