Industry

We are looking at factors which influence the location of industry and how these have changed.

Industrial System

PP - June 04 (Higher)

• Describe the inputs, processes and outputs for one type of industry in a European Union area that you have studied. You may include a diagram in your answer.

PP - June 04 (Higher)Mark the text first and then consider the diagram if present to see if anythingextra is addedLevel 1 Basic (1-2 marks)• Simple statements showing some appreciation of the idea of industry as a system but

no recognition that the answer is referring to a specific industrial system from the EU (UK example acceptable).

• Raw materials go into the factory. They are then made into a chair, which isthen sold.

Level 2 Clear (3-4 marks)• Need an example to get to Level 2.• In the Ruhr, coal and iron ore is made into steel which is then made into carsLevel 3 Detailed (5-6 marks)Must refer to inputs, processes and outputs.• E.g. The Steel industry in the Ruhr, which produces 16% of the EU’s steel

production, gets its coal locally and iron ore is imported from Sweden andBrazil via the River Rhine. Local limestone is another input. The blastfurnaces produce iron, which is converted to steel and then sold formanufacture into tinplate, from which cars and other finished products aremade.

(6 marks)

PP - June 04 (Foundation)

• Describe the inputs, processes and outputs for one type of industry in an European Union area that you have studied. You may include a diagram in your answer.

PP - June 04 (Foundation)Mark the text first and then consider the diagram if present to see if anythingextra is added.Level 1 Basic (1-2 marks)• Simple statements showing some appreciation of the idea of industry as a

system but no recognition that the answer is referring to a specific industrialsystem from the EU (UK example acceptable).

• Raw materials go into the factory. They are then made into a chair, which isthen sold.

Level 2 Clear (3-4 marks) • In the Ruhr, coal and iron ore is made into steel, which is then made into

cars.• An example is needed to get to top of Level 2.

Factors which affect industrial location

FACTORY

POWER SOURCE

MARKET

LABOUR SITE

RAW MATERIALS

TRANSPORT

Factors affecting the location of industry

Level 1 Basic (1-2 marks)Simple statements with no attempt to relate to decline.• Raw materials run out / Foreign competition / use of fewer materials.

Level 2 Clear (3-4 marks)At least 2 factors explained for Level 2Linked statement relating factor to decline of a particular industry. If notnamed, assume it is the steel industry.• Industry has declined because of competition from abroad where

they can produce the goods more cheaply. Local raw materials have run out so they have to be imported making them more expensive. Plastics and other materials have replaced the products of heavy industry.

4 marks

Level 3 Detailed (7-9 marks)

• Linked and elaborated statements with reference to least on example of a factor influencing industrial location or an area where these factors apply.

• Iron and steel make use of large amounts of bulky raw materials such as coal, iron ore and limestone, so it needs to be located near a source of these raw materials or on the coast so that they can be easily imported. Where there is a high level of unemployment, government can start retraining schemes, so that redundant workers from heavy industry are skilled enough to work in newer lighter industry.

• 9 marks

Level 2 Clear (4-6 marks)

• Linked statements which shows impact an industrial location;

• Heavy industry needs large amounts of bulky raw materials so the industry will be found near to these raw materials or a good transport system. A heavy industry needs a flat site to build the factory on. Government policy can encourage industry into an area of high employment by means of grants and retraining.

Level 1 Basic (1-3 marks)

• Max Level 1 if not a factor on Figure 10• Simple statements. Simple lifts with some

development.• Lifts from Figure 10 with some description of

what they mean but not related to location of industry.

• Industry will locate near to a source of energy. The government can encourage industry to move to an area. Industry needs to be where it can get raw materials.

• Much UK industry dates from the C19 and is described as being HEAVY, this means it employed many people and was tied to certain locations because of specific requirements – in particular;1. The need for coal - as the power source.2. Access to bulky raw materials e.g. salt/

limestone in the chemical industry. 3. Where suitable sites existed e.g. large and

flat land.

Port Talbot Steel Works

Port Talbot Steel WorksOn coast for water On coast for water for industrial processesfor industrial processes

On coast for. transportation On coast for. transportation of RM such as lime stone. of RM such as lime stone. Flat land for Flat land for

buildingbuilding

Room for Room for expansionexpansion

Close to Close to motorwaysmotorways

Near to urban areas such as Near to urban areas such as Port Talbot, Neath and Port Talbot, Neath and Swansea for labourSwansea for labour

Railway lines for. Railway lines for. transportation of transportation of coal as a source coal as a source of power.of power.

The Geology of South Wales

The Geology of South Wales

South Wales

The Location of Steel-making industries

• Today however these locations are often very disadvantages;

1. The site may be too cramped.

2. The raw materials might have to be imported at great cost and as a result many industries have declined e.g. shipbuilding and textiles. Often relocating in cheaper locations abroad e.g. Bangladesh.