INDUSTRIAL WATER INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION CONTROL

Ass. Prof. Dr. Erkan ŞAHİNKAYA

Source and characteristics of Ind. WWSource and characteristics of Ind. WW

Undesirable WW may include;

Soluble Organics Suspended solids Priority pollutants Heavy metals Color and turbidity N and P Refractory organics Oil and grease Persistent organics (such as DDT) Emerging Pollutants (Pharmaceuticals, personal

care products, endocrine disrupting compounds)

Flow rate and waste characteristics show great variation depending on

Diversity of product manufacturedProcess operation (batch or continuous)Housekeeping

Short term (diurnal) and long term (seasonal) variations are observed.

Variations in Flow and Characteristics Variations in Flow and Characteristics

ExampleExample

Using the measured data for BOD plot frequency of occurrence curve

First value = 100/(2*n)

The general procedure to develop The general procedure to develop necessary informationnecessary information

Develop a sewer map and point sampling locations for flow measurement and characterization

Establish sampling and analysis schedule. Continuous samples with composites weighted according to flow are the most desirable. But difficult. Continuous processes can be sampled hourly and composited on an 8-, 12- or 24-h basis.

Develop a flow and material diagramEstablish a statistical variations for flow and waste

characteristics

Establishing analysis…Establishing analysis…

The analyses to be run depend on the parameter and purpose.

◦ pH should be measured on grab samples since it can be neutralized in composite samples and mislead for design.

◦ BOD: 8-h or shorter composites.◦ For nutrient removing systems N and P should

be measured on 24-h composites.◦ Frequency of occurrence is important in

statistical analysis

 Parameter

 Unit 2h-Composite

samples24h-Composite

samples

BOD5 (mg/L) 40 35

COD (mg/L) 120 90

SS (mg/L) 40 25

pH - 6-9 6-9

Turkish Water Pollution Control Turkish Water Pollution Control RegulationRegulation

…….Composite sampling.Composite sampling

Isco 3710C CompactPortable Composite Sampler

User-friendly programmingfor all applications

basic and extended programming modes providesprogram your sampler for:

•Uniform time intervals•Non-uniform time intervals•Flow-paced sampling with or without time delay

Flow MasurementFlow Masurement

Depends on physical location of sampling

◦ If water flows through a sewer then calculate velocity, measure water depth and Q=V.A

◦ The area can be calculated from depth of water◦ Vavrg=0.8*Vsurf◦ Vsurf is measured using a floating object

between two manholes or use a current meter

…….flow measurement.flow measurement

In a channel flow can be measured by using veirs or measuring velocity and calculating wet area.

Use pumping rate for flow measurementWater consumption can be used to estimate

wastewater flow Infiltration and exfiltration should be considered. The

water loss from sewer can be calculated based on;◦ Drainage area (0,1-0,2 l/sn.ha)◦ Length of sewer (0,80 l/sn.km)◦ Both length and diameter of sewer (0,5-5

m3/d.km.cm)

If Low flow is expected….If Low flow is expected….

When plant is operating well below the design capacity, particularly during the initial years of operation, recycling treated effluent may be considered.

Treatment Plant

Flow measurement pointsFlow measurement points

On the channels and control manholeWWTP inletAfter screens, after grit removal or after primary

sedimentationPump stationsBefore discharge

Veirs for flow Veirs for flow measurementmeasurement

Operational CostOperational Cost

PREDICTION OF DENIZLI WASTEWATER TREATMENT PREDICTION OF DENIZLI WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL PLANT PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL

NETWORK MODELLINGNETWORK MODELLING

(A master thesis study supervised by Dr. Erkan SAHİNKAYA) (A master thesis study supervised by Dr. Erkan SAHİNKAYA)

The number of municipalities having a municipal The number of municipalities having a municipal WWTPWWTP ; ;

238 @ 2001 238 @ 2001 322 @ 2002 322 @ 2002 362 @ 2006 362 @ 2006 436 @ 2008 436 @ 2008

DENİZLİ MUNICIPAL WWTPDENİZLİ MUNICIPAL WWTP

DDWWWWT Design CriteriaT Design Criteria

The WWTP was planned as two stages; 2005 and 2025

The project flow rate at 2005 and 2025 are 692 lt/sn and 2806 lt/sn, respectively

The population at 2005 and 2025 are 378353 and 703838, respectively.

BOD5 loading 54 gr/person-day, Total N loading 10 gr/person-day, Total P loading 2 gr/person-day, SS loading 140 gr/person-day.

Figure. DWWTP process flow diagram

MAMATTERIAL AND METHODSERIAL AND METHODSMeasured parametersMeasured parameters

Grab samples

- Temperature- pH- Conductivity - Dissolved

Oxygen

2h- and 24h- Composite samples

- BOD - COD, - SS - SVI, - Total nitrogen - Total P

The parameters predicted by ANN are effluent COD, BOD, total N, total P and SVI

The Structure of ANN used in the modeling

RESULTS RESULTS

Figure. The plant influent and effluent pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) and SS (d)

Figure. BOD and COD removal performance

Figure. Total N and Total P removal performance

Figure. BOD/COD

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Figure. SS at aeration tank and recycle line(a), SVI and effluent SS (c)

The ANN Prediction of DWWTP The ANN Prediction of DWWTP PerformancePerformance

Table. Table. The comparison of different scenarios for the The comparison of different scenarios for the ANN prediction of Effluent CODANN prediction of Effluent COD

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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent COD

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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent BOD

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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent total N

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Figure. ANN prediction of effluent Total P

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Figure. ANN prediction of SVI

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