INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALREVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

REVIEW SESSIONREVIEW SESSION

THE PROCESS OF TAKING THE PROCESS OF TAKING OVER & FENCING OFF OVER & FENCING OFF

COMMON LAND:COMMON LAND: ENCLOSUREENCLOSURE

A PLACE WHERE WORKERS & A PLACE WHERE WORKERS & MACHINES ARE BROUGHT MACHINES ARE BROUGHT

TOGETHER TO PRODUCE GOODS:TOGETHER TO PRODUCE GOODS: FACTORYFACTORY

THE BUSINESS CLASS USED THIS THE BUSINESS CLASS USED THIS TO INVEST IN MINES, TO INVEST IN MINES,

RAILROADS, AND FACTORIES:RAILROADS, AND FACTORIES: CAPITALCAPITAL

A NEW RELIGIOUS A NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT OF THE 1700s; MOVEMENT OF THE 1700s;

GAVE THE WORKING GAVE THE WORKING CLASS COMFORT:CLASS COMFORT:

METHODIST FAITH (RELIGIOUS METHODIST FAITH (RELIGIOUS SECT OF CHRISTIANITY –SECT OF CHRISTIANITY –PROTESTANT)PROTESTANT)

THEORY THAT THERE SHOULD THEORY THAT THERE SHOULD BE NO GOVERNMENT CONTROL BE NO GOVERNMENT CONTROL

OVER THE ECONOMY:OVER THE ECONOMY: LAISSEZ - FAIRELAISSEZ - FAIRE

THE “ISM” SUPPORTING THAT THE “ISM” SUPPORTING THAT THE GOAL OF SOCIETY SHOULD THE GOAL OF SOCIETY SHOULD BE THE GREATEST HAPPINESS BE THE GREATEST HAPPINESS

FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE:PEOPLE:

UTILITARIANISMUTILITARIANISM

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM WHERE THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM WHERE PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS OWN THE PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS OWN THE

MEANS OF PRODUCTION:MEANS OF PRODUCTION: CAPITALISMCAPITALISM

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM WHERE THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM WHERE SOCIETY (PROTECTED BY GOV’T.) SOCIETY (PROTECTED BY GOV’T.) AS A WHOLE OWNS THE MEANS AS A WHOLE OWNS THE MEANS

OF PRODUCTION:OF PRODUCTION: SOCIALISMSOCIALISM

THEORY THAT CLASS STRUGGLE THEORY THAT CLASS STRUGGLE WAS INEVITABLE & WOULD LEAD WAS INEVITABLE & WOULD LEAD

TO A CLASSLESS SOCIETY:TO A CLASSLESS SOCIETY: COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

IDENTICAL COMPONENTS THAT IDENTICAL COMPONENTS THAT SPEEDED BOTH ASSEMBLY & REPAIR SPEEDED BOTH ASSEMBLY & REPAIR BECAUSE THEY COULD BE USED IN BECAUSE THEY COULD BE USED IN

PLACE OF ONE ANOTHERPLACE OF ONE ANOTHER:: INTERCHANGEABLE PARTSINTERCHANGEABLE PARTS

A BUSINESS OWNED BY A BUSINESS OWNED BY STOCKHOLDERS:STOCKHOLDERS:

CORPORATIONCORPORATION

A WAY OF ORGANIZING A WAY OF ORGANIZING WORKERS & MACHINES IN WORKERS & MACHINES IN ORDER TO CONSTRUCT A ORDER TO CONSTRUCT A

FINISHED PRODUCTFINISHED PRODUCT::

ASSEMBLY LINEASSEMBLY LINE FIRST USED BY HENRY FORD – U.S. FIRST USED BY HENRY FORD – U.S.

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRYAUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

THE RIGHT TO VOTE:THE RIGHT TO VOTE:

SUFFRAGESUFFRAGE

THE THEORY / IDEA THAT THE THE THEORY / IDEA THAT THE FITTEST WOULD ALWAYS BEAT FITTEST WOULD ALWAYS BEAT

OUT THEIR COMPETITORS, OUT THEIR COMPETITORS, WHETHER IN WAR OR WHETHER IN WAR OR

INDUSTRY:INDUSTRY: SOCIAL DARWINISMSOCIAL DARWINISM

WHAT INVENTION BECAME AN WHAT INVENTION BECAME AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF POWER IMPORTANT SOURCE OF POWER

FOR THE INDUSTRIAL FOR THE INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION?? DEPENDS ON WHICH INDUSTRIAL DEPENDS ON WHICH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!REVOLUTION! INITIALLY, STEAM!INITIALLY, STEAM! DURING THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL DURING THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION, IT WAS ELECTRICITY!REVOLUTION, IT WAS ELECTRICITY!

WHY DID BRITAIN TAKE WHY DID BRITAIN TAKE THE LEAD IN THE THE LEAD IN THE

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?REVOLUTION? *RESOURCES*RESOURCES

COAL, COLONIES, HUMAN COAL, COLONIES, HUMAN INGENUITY, STABLE GOVERNMENTINGENUITY, STABLE GOVERNMENT

WHO ADVOCTATED WHO ADVOCTATED COMMUNISM?COMMUNISM?

KARL MARX & FRIEDRICH KARL MARX & FRIEDRICH ENGLES, AUTHORS OF ENGLES, AUTHORS OF THE THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTOCOMMUNIST MANIFESTO

THE IDEA THAT THE GOAL OF THE IDEA THAT THE GOAL OF SOCIETY SHOULD BE “THE GREATEST SOCIETY SHOULD BE “THE GREATEST

HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER” OF ITS CITIZENS WAS A NUMBER” OF ITS CITIZENS WAS A

PHILOSOPHY HELD BY:PHILOSOPHY HELD BY:

UTILITARIANSUTILITARIANS

ACCORDING TO KARL ACCORDING TO KARL MARX, WHAT CREATED MARX, WHAT CREATED

POVERTY FOR MANY POVERTY FOR MANY PEOPLE?PEOPLE?

CAPITALISM CAPITALISM COMMON IN THE WORLD TODAYCOMMON IN THE WORLD TODAY FORMS THE FOUNDATION OF THE FORMS THE FOUNDATION OF THE

U.S. ECONOMYU.S. ECONOMY BUT A SYSTEM WHICH MARX POINTS BUT A SYSTEM WHICH MARX POINTS

OUT ALLOWS ONE CLASS TO EXPLOIT OUT ALLOWS ONE CLASS TO EXPLOIT ANOTHER ANOTHER

BOURGEOSIE VS. PROLETARIATBOURGEOSIE VS. PROLETARIAT

HOW DID FACTORY WORK HOW DID FACTORY WORK DIFFER FROM FARM DIFFER FROM FARM

WORK?WORK? SAME ALL YEAR LONG – NO “OFF SAME ALL YEAR LONG – NO “OFF

SEASON”SEASON” – – LONGER HOURS – ELECTRICITY LONGER HOURS – ELECTRICITY

ALLOWED FOR FACTORY ALLOWED FOR FACTORY PRODUCTION AFTER DARK…PRODUCTION AFTER DARK…

WHAT WAS THE MAIN REASON WHAT WAS THE MAIN REASON EMPLOYERS PREFERRED EMPLOYERS PREFERRED

WOMEN WORKERS TO MEN?WOMEN WORKERS TO MEN? CHEAPER!!!!CHEAPER!!!!

WHAT NATURAL RESOURCES WHAT NATURAL RESOURCES GAVE BRITAIN AN GAVE BRITAIN AN

ADVANTAGE IN THE ADVANTAGE IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? WATERWATER

COALCOAL PEOPLEPEOPLE COLONIESCOLONIES

WHAT WAS NEEDED, IN WHAT WAS NEEDED, IN ADDITION TO TECHNOLOGY, TO ADDITION TO TECHNOLOGY, TO LEAD IN INDUSTRIALIZATION?LEAD IN INDUSTRIALIZATION?

CAPITALCAPITAL LABORLABOR

WHAT WAS ONE WAY THAT THE WHAT WAS ONE WAY THAT THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

CONTRIBUTED TO THE CONTRIBUTED TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

UNEMPLOYED FARM WORKERS LED UNEMPLOYED FARM WORKERS LED COINCIDED WITH…COINCIDED WITH… EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN

FACTORIESFACTORIES BETTER DIETS = POPULATION BETTER DIETS = POPULATION

EXPLOSION => MORE PEOPLEEXPLOSION => MORE PEOPLE MORE PEOPLE TO DEMAND MORE PEOPLE TO DEMAND

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS MORE PEOPLE TO WORKMORE PEOPLE TO WORK

ONE RESULT OF THE ONE RESULT OF THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

WAS:WAS: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL INCREASED AGRICULTURAL

OUTPUT…OUTPUT…

HOW DID THE “ENERGY HOW DID THE “ENERGY REVOLUTION” CONTRIBUTE TO REVOLUTION” CONTRIBUTE TO

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONTHE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?? QUICKER PRODUCTION / QUICKER PRODUCTION /

INCREASED OUTPUT…INCREASED OUTPUT…

WHAT CAUSED THE WHAT CAUSED THE POPULATION BOOM IN POPULATION BOOM IN

THE 1700s?THE 1700s? BETTER DIETSBETTER DIETS

ONE REVOLUTION LED TO ANOTHERONE REVOLUTION LED TO ANOTHER 22NDND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION => AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION =>

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

KARL MARX BELIEVED THAT THE KARL MARX BELIEVED THAT THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HURT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HURT

SOCIETY AS IT CREATED WEALTH IN SOCIETY AS IT CREATED WEALTH IN THE HANDS OF A FEW WHILE THE THE HANDS OF A FEW WHILE THE

MAJORITY WEREMAJORITY WERE POOR!!!! POOR!!!!

EXPLOITED, VICTIMIZED, THAT EXPLOITED, VICTIMIZED, THAT ADVANTAGE OF, TREATED UNFAIRLY ADVANTAGE OF, TREATED UNFAIRLY UNNECESSARILY….UNNECESSARILY…. THAT’S WHY HE SUPPORTED A THAT’S WHY HE SUPPORTED A

WORLDWIDE COMMUNIST WORLDWIDE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!REVOLUTION!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

IN 19IN 19THTH CENTURY CITIES, CENTURY CITIES, WHERE DID THE POOR WHERE DID THE POOR

LIVE?LIVE? IN TENEMENTS – IN (CITY) IN TENEMENTS – IN (CITY)

SLUMSSLUMS

BY 1900, WHICH 2 COUNTRIES BY 1900, WHICH 2 COUNTRIES WERE THE WORLD’S LEADING WERE THE WORLD’S LEADING

INDUSTRIAL NATIONSINDUSTRIAL NATIONS?? UNITED STATESUNITED STATES GERMANYGERMANY

WHAT WAS A DIRECT WHAT WAS A DIRECT RESULT OF THE RESULT OF THE

DISCOVERY THAT GERMS DISCOVERY THAT GERMS CAUSED DISEASE?CAUSED DISEASE?

BETTER SANITATIONBETTER SANITATION INDIVIDUAL HYGIENEINDIVIDUAL HYGIENE IMPROVED HOSPITAL CARE / IMPROVED HOSPITAL CARE /

PRACTICESPRACTICES VACCINESVACCINES ANTISEPTICANTISEPTIC

WHY DOES DARWIN’S WHY DOES DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION THEORY OF EVOLUTION CAUSE CONTROVERSY?CAUSE CONTROVERSY?

CHALLENGED RELIGIOUS CHALLENGED RELIGIOUS TEACHINGSTEACHINGS STILL CONTROVERSIAL TODAY!STILL CONTROVERSIAL TODAY!

THE MARRIAGE OF SCIENCE & INDUSTRY THE MARRIAGE OF SCIENCE & INDUSTRY __________________ DURING THE INDUSTRIAL __________________ DURING THE INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION.REVOLUTION.

INCREASED!INCREASED! REVOLUTION = RADICAL CHANGEREVOLUTION = RADICAL CHANGE

RADICAL IMPROVEMENTRADICAL IMPROVEMENT NOT NECESSARILY VIOLENTNOT NECESSARILY VIOLENT NOT NECESSARILY CAUSING GOV’T NOT NECESSARILY CAUSING GOV’T

UPHEAVALUPHEAVAL

DURING THE 2DURING THE 2NDND WAVE OF THE WAVE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION,

POPULATIONS SOARED. WHY?POPULATIONS SOARED. WHY? BETTER MEDICAL CAREBETTER MEDICAL CARE NEW CONTINUED DISCOVERIES NEW CONTINUED DISCOVERIES

AND AWARENESSESAND AWARENESSES EX. PASTEURIZATIONEX. PASTEURIZATION

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

WHY IS THE INDUSTRIAL WHY IS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A TURNING POINT IN REVOLUTION A TURNING POINT IN HISTORY?HISTORY?

WAS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A BLESSING OR A CURSE? WHY?A BLESSING OR A CURSE? WHY?

ARE YOU MORE OF A SOCIALIST OR ARE YOU MORE OF A SOCIALIST OR A CAPITALIST? WHY?A CAPITALIST? WHY?

DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEAVE AN IMPACT ON TODAY’S LEAVE AN IMPACT ON TODAY’S SOCIETY? WHY OR WHY NOT?SOCIETY? WHY OR WHY NOT?