industrial motor safety controller

INDEX

Chapter

1. Introduction

2. Working

3. Circuit Diagram

4 Planning

5. Testing

6. Code

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7. Bibliography

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1. Introduction

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Introduction

A vibration detection device includes a detecting device for

detecting a vibration, and an output from the amplifying device obtained

when outputting a detection signal on the basis of the detection result, an

amplifying device for amplifying the detection signal, an initializing

device for initializing the output from the amplifying device, and an

adjusting device for adjusting the output from the amplifying device so

that an output from the amplifying device obtained when the amplifying

device is initialized, and an output from the amplifying device obtained

when the amplifying device is not initialized and the detecting device

generates no signal have substantially the same values. A machine having

a vibration control device machine comprising sync signal generating

means for generating a sync signal in synchronism with rotation of an arm

shaft of said sewing machine vibration detecting means for detecting

vibration generated on a machine body of said machine

control vibration generating means capable of generating control vibration

for canceling the vibration generated on said machine body

transfer function setting means for preliminarily setting a transfer function

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indicative of characteristics of mechanical parts and electrical parts of

said sewing machine and vibration control means for controlling said

control vibration generating means so as to minimize the vibration

detected by said vibration detecting means according to the sync signal

generated from said sync signal generating means, the transfer function

set by said transfer function setting means, and a detection signal from

said vibration detection means. The machine according to claim 1,

wherein said vibration detecting means comprises a plurality of vibration

detecting means for simultaneously detecting vibrations generated at a

plurality of positions on said machine body, said control vibration

generating means comprises a plurality of control vibration generating

means for generating control vibrations for simultaneously canceling the

vibrations generated at said plurality of positions on said machine body,

and said vibration control means controls said plurality of control

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vibration generating means so as to simultaneously minimize the

vibrations detected by said plurality of vibration detecting means.

The machine according to claim , wherein said vibration detecting means

and said control vibration generating means are provided on a bed of said

machine body.

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2. Working

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WORKING:

Fig 1

Transducer :

The sound signals from the heart are converted to analog

electrical signals using a condenser microphone fastened to

conventional physician’s stethoscope. This is directly coupled to the

chest wall of the person whose heart sound is to be recorded. The

microphone present a higher impedance, high sensitivity,low noise,

weight and operates with a 1.5 volts battery.

Pre-Amplifier :

The ac voltage output o the microphone is only o the order of

few millivolts and is notosuficient amplitude for signal analysis.

Hence a pre-amplifier shown in the Fig-2 acts as the next stage. An

amplification of about 1000 is provided in two stages. The first stage

has an amplification of about 20 while the second stage has an

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Motor ComputerPreamplifier Low pass filter ADC

amplification of about 50. Continuous variation the gain can be

achieved through a 22 Kilo ohm potentiometer.

Lowpass Filter :

A second order Butterworth low pass, filter with a cut of

frequencyof 2 kHz is used since the frequencies o intrest (both

abnormal and normal) file within 2 kHz. The circuit o Fig3 indicates

the filter that has been used. The cut of frequencyo the filter is given

by f = 1/2 X 3.14 X R X C.

Analog to Digital Converter :

An A/D converter is used to convert the analog electrical

signals to digital signals. A A/D converter using AD574 IC with 12

bit resolution and conversion time of 25 microsec was used for this

purpose.

The digitized output from the ADC is then fed to the computer

where the analysis can then be done to detect abnormalities if any.

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Capturing Printer Port

Windows, provides several ways to read and write to parallel ports. The

most direct way is reading and writing to the port registers. Most

programming languages included this ability, or at least allow you to add it.

Windows also has API calls for accessing LPT ports, and 16-bit programs

can use BIOS software interrupts for LPT access.

Direct Port I/O

Reading and writing direct to the port registers gives you the most complete

control over the parallel-port signals. Unlike other methods, direct I/O

doesn’t automatically add handshaking or control signals: it just read or

writes a byte to the specified port.

To write direct to a port, you specify a port register and the data to

write, and instruct the CPU to write the data to the request port. To read a

port, you specified a port register and where to store the data read, and

instruct the CPU to read the data into the requested location.

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3. Circuit Diagram

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PREAMLIFIER

Fig.1 Operation amplifier

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AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Fig. 2 AUDIO AMPLIFIER

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COMPARATOR FILTER

Fig 3. Comparator Filter

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Fig 4.Flowchart

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4.Planning

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PLANNING

We all know “the best planning leads to the best results”.

So when we finalized our project it was a question from where to start?

There are many directions but we had to choose the right one. This was

starting the step of our project.

The first event we did was to go through many books,

discussion, meeting, consultations & suggestions, satisfying the basic needs

of client. After hard working we designed our circuit.

Now next task was procurement of material for that we

listed firs the required parts & divided our team in four parts. The work was

equally divided. As our project is hardware & software based so two of us

were worked for software & other two were worked for hardware.

We had divided our project in following parts: -

a. Designing of actual material.

b. Procurement of material.

c. Layout of PCB.

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d. Preparation of PCB.

e. Assembling of components & their maintaining.

f. Software Implementation.

g. Interfacing hardware with software.

h. Testing.

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PCB DESIGNING

The name printed circuit board suggests that printing

processes involved in drawing the artwork on the board. And printing

processes are often used to transfer an image to a PCB.

History of the PCB:-

In 1930’s the technology for making a PC board was

invented and name into use during 1945. Before that time circuits were

constructed with point to point soldering component on an insulating board.

But this is time consuming and bard to troubleshoot. Printed circuit board is

a piece of art. The performance of an electronics circuit depends upon layout

and sensing PCB.

PCB are used to route electrical urgent and signal

through copper track while are firmly bonded to an insulating base. The base

material used for PCB is paper phenolic, glass epoxy, polyester etc. paper

phenolic is less costly and used to consumer electronic circuit. Paper

phenolic is more resistance to moisture, but difficult to machine and drills

compared to glass epoxy.

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Rules for Layout:-

PCB interconnects various electronics component by an

interconnectivity pattern. The general considerations are:

1. Mechanical consideration: size, shape, mounting of PCB, etc.

2. User system consideration: that is whether for consumes or

laboratory or industry etc.

3. Electrical and electronics parameter such as impedance gain,

electromagnetic coupling etc.

4. Easy of maintenance.

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Art Work:-

For photographic reduction process the artwork should

provide maximum contact between the portion to be each away and those to

be left. Thus the art work should be generated on white sheet with black ink.

A polyester foil can also be used with sticking tape and

prepare artwork but it is costly. Tracking paper may be used but it is not

stable with temperature.

Basic Methods of Preparing Artwork

Ink the drawing. The method is cheap. High quality water proof ink

base is to be used.

Using black tape and sticking pattern.

Using red and blue transparent tape.

Advantages of PCB:-

Advantages of PCB over normal wiring are as follows.

PCB is necessary for interconnection a large number of electronics

component in a very small area with minimum parasitic wiring

affects.

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PCB is stable for mass production with less chances of wiring error.

Small component can be easily mounted on PCB.

Wiring micro phony is avoided.

Construction is neat, small and truly a work or art.

By using PCB, the electronic equipment becomes more reliable in size

and less costly.

Disadvantages of PCB:-

Art work is a time consuming activity.

Art work requires skill and without designing a new board is not

possible to make connection.

Etching of PCB:-

Etching is the process of chemically attacking and

removing the unprotected copper from the copper plate to yield the desired

conductor pattern. The most common enchant used in the industry is ferric

chloride. The erotically anyone of the following solution can be used to

make PCB.

1. ammonium per sulphate

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2. chromic acid

3. cupric acid

4. ferric chloride

Method of etching includes tray rocking tank etching

and spray etching. Out of there May rocking is the simplest one. This consist

of the tray of Pyrex glass, attached to a powered rocking table is not

available , rocking of the tray with etching solution and the plate can be done

manually also.

Ferric chloride crystal of 500 gms are mix in water to

make a total solution of 1 liter. During the etching process the connection

weakens because the soluble cupric acid ferric ions precipitate out of the

solution in the form of sludge that rends to settle on the bottom on the

etching vat.

Ideal etching condition required that the enchant be

related to the temperature of between 60 to 70.

The copper plate is immersed in enchant solution with

copper side up in the tray. Only one board should be etched at one time. As

the table is rocked the unprotected copper is dissolves.

When etching is completed the resist material is

remove by using lacquer thinner or acetic acid or petrol. After the board is

infected and proved. It is ready for whole drilling, component mounting and

soldering.

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Drilling:-

Drilling is performed with the help of drilling machine.

While doing drilling needles was change according to the required diameter

of the hole is to be made.

Mounting:-

After drilling mounting of the component is done. On

PCB respective component was placed imperfective holes and finally

soldered. After soldering the PCB was ready to be connected to the

respective relays and supply. Before than wiring diagram areas draw which

decide the external wire connection to the PCB

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5. Testing

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TESTING

Testing is the main event, which has its own importance

in the electronics field. Testing is the process to find the output performance

and fault of the circuit in the various forms. The main objective of the testing

is to check the output performance as per our assumption.

The least carelessness may lead to the major fault in case

of electronics circuit and it is depend upon the layout and design of the PCB.

Printed circuit board are used to route electrical current and signal through

the copper tracks which are primarily bounded to an insulating core.

For the testing of any electronics circuit some common

steps are performed. These steps are as follows.

To check the main power source.

To tress out the circuit. In which following steps are followed.

1). The tracks are not open.

2).The distances between two tracks are sufficient to avoid capacitance.

3).The track linked with the other related tracks is proper or not.

4).The jumper which goes from one track to another track should not short

with the tracks which are in between required two.

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Thus by testing the tracks of the printed circuit board it helps the

project for making successful. After testing copper tracks the component

were tested with the help of instrument like multimeter, CRO, signal

generator etc.

After mounting the component on the PCB the possibility of the dry

soldering was checked to avoid the possibility of shorting those tracks as

well as the tracks were checked individually to avoid the possibility of

opening those tracks. This testing was carried out with the help of

multimeter keeping in range of Ohm.

After all check the power was supplied and the operation of the circuit

it was observed.

Check the supply voltage and voltages at the points where it is known

or expected to be of certain value.

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Testing of Power supply circuit:-

The entire components are tested with the help of

multimeter. After testing of component we fix the component on the wet

board. Now we give the supply to the transformer and input waveform is to

be checked. This procedure is simultaneously carried out for Rectifier, Filter

and Regulator circuit. We check the waveform but it is not according to our

assumption, because the waveform is started and then it goes to decreasing.

Due to this the output voltage is also decreases.

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WAVEFORM OF FULL WAVE CENTER TAP RECTIFIER

For such a fault we test the power supply circuit step by

step and found that the regulator IC is not work as per our assumption (that

means it is faulty). Hence we replace the regulator IC and check the output

waveform and voltage that it is as per our assumption. At that condition we

stop the testing of power supply.

Testing of Switching Circuit:-

For switching circuit firstly we check

the tracks that there should be no defect. Then we mount the component and

give the supply to the circuit and input from PC and check the output

performance of the circuit. The circuit is work as per our assumption.

Testing of speed controller circuit:-

The procedure of the testing of speed controller circuit

is same as the switching circuit at the point of potentiometer for required

assumption we set the preset and again test is carried out after that we give

the supply to the circuit and check the waveform of the astable multivibrator

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which is as per our assumption as that it is square wave. And then we give

input from the computer and check the speed control as per our assumption.

OUTPUT WAVEFORM OF IC 555 AT PIN 3

Assembling and testing of the total project:-

After testing and confirm the output of the individual

circuit we connect all this circuit is as shown in the figure. When we make

the circuit carefully connect all the connecting wire and to avoid loose

connection soldered and check the continuity of the wires and tracks by the

multimeter.

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And then give the supply to the input side of the circuit and checks all

modes on output side of the circuit. After completing all modes and

operation are works as per our assumption. Hence it is said that proper

assembling and testing plays an important role for success of the project.

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SOFTWARE

A software has also been developed along with this instrument. The

software can be broadly classified into three segments.

1. Acquisition routine

2. On-line display.

3. Materializing user friendly interfaces.

The first major segment is the acquisition routine which digitizes and

converts analog heart sounds to digital values. The algorithm involved

in the data acquisition is indicated.

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7. Bibliography

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Bibliography

Books:-

VB 6.0: How to program?

-By Detail.

VB 6.0 in 21 day’s

-By Perry.

Electronics For You

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