DESIGN CHRONOLOGY TURKEY

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

This text is prepared for the

3rd Istanbul Design BiennialARE WE HUMAN?The Design of the Species 2 seconds, 2 days, 2 years, 200 years, 200,000 years

by Moira Valeri (coordinator), Burçin Başyazıcı, Evin Eriş, Meliha Çağlayan İnce, Şafak Cudi İnce, Fabio Salomoni, Merve Taşlıoğlu, Nur Elif Yurdaçalış

translated by Liz Erçevik Amado, Selin Irazca Geray and Gülce Maşrabacıeditorial support by Ceren Şenel, Erim Şerifoğlugraphic design by Selin Pervan

with contributions by Pelin Derviş and Barış Gün, and the support of Studio-X Istanbul

INTRODUCTIONThe design of workspaces and industrial buildings, characterized by a pragmatic value-driven approach, has often been both the mirror of the efforts of transformation and modernization in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, and a prolific ground for some interesting architectural experiments.

This is particularly true for Turkey, starting from the period of reforms and reorganization of the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s (Tanzimat era) with the establishment of some imperial factories, continuing through the state-led industrialization program from the foundation of the Republic in 1923 until 1950s, the mixed-economy driven approach in the ‘60s and ‘70s, and extending up until the post-Fordist era and globalization that is still underway.

Within this context, this research is based on the fact that, although there are publications, articles and a growing interest in industrial buildings in Turkey, a comprehensive approach to the topic and its visualization was lacking.

The very first step of this research was a study focused on industrial buildings in Istanbul, conducted in the course “Workshop II” held by Assistant Prof. Moira Valeri in 2013, within the scope of the Graduate Program in Architecture at the Institute of Science and Engineering, Yeditepe University. In this framework, rather than conducting new exhaustive architectural and historical investigations on each industrial building in the city, we have been collecting existing studies through sources such as academic publications, architectural magazines and Turkish newspapers.

Eventually, we have arrived at a report/database that includes a file for each building; a kind of identity card, containing, where possible, basic information on the original appearance, further transformations, a picture of both the original and current condition of the industrial building, and a short list of the main references.

The idea of mapping these industrial buildings has emerged by the extension of the previous report. We first mapped the buildings to get a visualization of how many there were and their respective locations in the city. As a further step, we sorted them by the year they became operational. The database and maps are interrelated and easily accessible through an identification code designated for each building.

As a second step of the research¾which comprises this very dossier¾we have focused on industrial buildings all over Turkey. We have listed industrial buildings and sorted them again by the year they became operational, including those that represent important thresholds in the history of architecture or bear an innovative/unique character in terms of industrial production.

The whole research¾to be considered as a work in progress¾aims to present an overall picture of industrial buildings in Turkey; understand how the architectural and urban character of spaces of production have changed over the years; show the number and location of industrial buildings; increase the knowledge and awareness on the industrial history of the country, the architectural and/or historical value of some industrial buildings and the built environment we live in; provide a basis for further historical/architectural studies on this topic, and understand the impact of industrial buildings on the urban landscape and our daily life.

1850 The Commercial Code (July 28)

1864 Islah-ı Sanayi Komisyonu (The Industrial Reform Commission) is established

1876 Meclis-i Ticaret ve Ziraat (The Council of Trade and Agriculture) is established

1880 Dersaadet Ticaret Odası (Istanbul Chamber of Commerce), the first domestic chamber of commerce in the Ottoman Empire, is founded

1917 Osmanlı İtibar-ı Milli Bankası (Ottoman National Credit Bank) is opened (January 1) Milli Fabrikalar Cemiyeti (National Society of Factories) is founded

1923 The First Economic Congress is convened in İzmir Türk Anonim Elektrik Şirketi (Turkish Electricity Corporation) the former Osmanlı Anonim Elektrik Şirketi (Ottoman Electricity Corporation) is established (June 17) Ankara is declared the capital of Turkey (October 13) The proclamation of the Republic (October 29) Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (The Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey) is founded (November 6) 1924 The Treaty of Lausanne comes into force Turkish State Railways is established Türkiye İş Bankası (İşbank) is foundedTürkiye Tütüncüler Bankası (The Tobacco Bank of Turkey) is founded 1925Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti (later Türk Hava Kurumu) (Turkish Aeronautical Association) is established (February 16) Liman İşleri İnhisarı (The Harbor Works Monopoly) is established in Istanbul

The Law on the Establishment of Sanayi ve Madenler Bankası (Bank of Industry and Mining) is adopted  The Law on Chambers of Trade and Industry is adopted Atatürk Orman Çiftliği (Atatürk Forest Farm) is established The Law on the Establishment of Sugar Mills is adopted

1926 The Law on the Establishment of the Iron and Steel Industry is issued Tarım Satış Kooperatifleri ve Birlikleri (Agricultural Sales Cooperatives and Unions) is established

1927 Encouragement of Industry Act is adopted Emlak ve Eytam Bankası (Real Estate and Orphans Bank) is established Eskişehir Bankası (Bank of Eskişehir) is founded

1929 Milli İktisat ve Tasarruf Cemiyeti (The National Economy and Savings Society) is established The Maritime Commercial Law is enacted

1930 The First Industry Congress is convened by the National Economy and Savings Society

1931 The First Agriculture Congress is convened by the National Economy and Savings Society Tekel Genel Müdürlüğü (General Directorate of Monopolies) is founded Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey) is foundedThe International System of Units is adopted

1932 Devlet Sanayi Ofisi DSO (The State Industry Office) is established

Türkiye Sanayi Kredi Bankası (The Industrial Credit Bank of Turkey) is established Turkey joins the League of Nations

1933 Inauguration of Sümerbank The State Airports Authority is founded under the Ministry of Defense İller Bankası (Turkey’s Bank of Provinces) is founded to provide financial support to local governments Zonguldak Yatırım Bankası (Zonguldak Investmant Bank) and Kayseri Milli İktisat Bankası (Kayseri National Economy Bank) are established Halk Bankası (The People’s Bank) is founded

1934 The First Five-Year Industry Plan targeting industrial growth between 1934 and 1938 is launched (April 17)

1935 A Saturday-Sunday weekend is adopted The Sinking Fund is established The Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) is founded Etibank is founded Türkiye Şeker Fabrikaları AŞ (Turkey Sugar Mills Corporation) is established The Law on the Agricultural Sales Cooperatives and Unions and The Main Contract of the Agricultural Sales Cooperative come into effect

1936 The İzmir International Fair

1937Ziraat Bankası Kanunu (Law Concerning the Agricultural Bank of the Republic of Turkey) is adopted Denizbank is founded

1938 General Directorate of State Airports Authority of Turkey is established Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi TMO (Turkish Grain Board) is established

THRESHOLDS

Fiskobirlik (Hazelnut Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Union) is founded

1940 Kozabirlik (Bursa Cocoon Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Union) is founded Coal Mines Nationalization Act is promulgated Garp Linyitleri İşletmesi (The West Lignite Mines Enterprise) is founded

1941 Petrol Ofisi (the national oil company) is founded

1942 Dalaman and Hatay State Production Farms are established

1943 The Law on Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Chambers of Artisans, and Commodity Exchange is adopted

1944 Türkiye Zirai Donatım Kurumu TZDK (Turkish Agricultural Equipment Institution) is founded

1945 Turkey joins the United Nations as a founding member The Law on Land Provision for Farmers and Villagers is adopted Forests are nationalized for the protection of forest land

1946 Turkish Employment Agency is established The Law on Workers’ Insurance Institution is enacted The first multi-party elections in Turkey

1947 The Law on Labor Unions and Employers’ Organizations is adopted Turkey becomes a member of the World Health Organization (WHO)

1948 Turkey becomes included in the Marshall Plan

1949 The Pension Fund is established Turkey ratifies the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Alparslan State Production Farm is established in Muş Turkey joins the Council of Europe

1950 Law No. 5590, which allows the establishment of chambers of industry independently from chambers of commerce, is adopted

1952Turkey joins NATO The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions is established Istanbul Chamber of Industry is officially established with 1000 members

1956 The National Security Law is put back into effect (state control)

1957 Turkish Coal Enterprises is founded

1958 The Economic Stability Program is adopted

1960 The coup d’état of May 27 The State Planning Organization is established (September 30)

1961 The new constitution recognizes union rights for workers

1963 The First Five-Year Development Plan drafted by the State Planning Organization Union rights are amended with the Trade Unions Act No. 274 and the Collective Agreements, Strikes and Lockouts Act No. 275

1967 The Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (DİSK) is founded

1968 The Building Information Centre (YEM) is established 1971 The military intervention known as the Memorandum of March 12th Turkish Industry & Business Association (TÜSİAD) is founded

1980 The coup d’état of September 12

1981/82 The Capital Market Law is issued

1982Capital Markets Board of Turkey is established

1983 Decree foreseeing the foundation of the Stock Exchange of Turkey is issued

1995 The European Union–Turkey Customs Union established as per Decision No. 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council (as of January 1, 1996)

1999 Turkey is recognized as a candidate country by EU

2005 Full membership negotiations begin with the EU

2016 The coup d’état attempt of July 15th

1830-1923: THE LATE-OTTOMAN

INDUSTRIALIZATION

The main efforts to modernize the traditional manufacturing facilities of the Ottoman Empire are restricted to the introduction of steam power and new machinery, along with the construction of new imperial factories, built using brick and masonry structures, with arcaded facades and ornate portals. They are mostly located in Istanbul—in Beykoz and the entire Golden Horn area—and in its hinterland, all along the Marmara coast and in İzmit.

1455 Istanbul, Tersane-i Amire (The Imperial Shipyard) / Taşkızak Shipyard15th century Istanbul, Tophane-i Amire (The Imperial Arsenal)Late 15th century Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Baruthanesi (Kasımpaşa Gunpowder Magazine) 15th century-17th century Bursa, ceramic glaze workshops1700 Istanbul, Baruthane-i Amire (The Imperial Gunpowder Magazine) 1727 Istanbul, Darphane-i Amire (The Imperial Mint)1730 Istanbul, Lengerhane-i Amire (The Imperial Anchor and Chain Manufactory) (Present day Rahmi M. Koç Museum)1744 Bursa, Yalova Kağıt Fabrikası (Kağıthane) (Yalova Paper Mill)1750s Balıkesir Gümüşlü Olive Oil Factory1761-1808 Istanbul, İncirliköy Glass and Porcelain Factory1789 Istanbul, Kadıköy Windmills 1796 Istanbul, Azatlı Gunpowder Magazine1798 Istanbul, Paşalimanı Tobacco Warehouse1800s İzmir, Dikili Olive Oil Factory1803 Istanbul, Üsküdar Printing House1804 Istanbul, Beykoz Hünkar Dock Paper Mill1810 Istanbul, Beykoz Leather and Footwear Factory1827 Istanbul, Eyüp İplikhane-i Amire (The Imperial Spinning Mill in Eyüp)1833 Istanbul, Feshane-i Amire (The Imperial Fez Factory)1840 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Salt Warehouse1843 İzmit, Broadcloth Factory Kocaeli, Hereke Silk Fabric and Carpet Factory1844 Istanbul, Beykoz Ceramic Glaze and Crystal Factory

1845 Istanbul, Çubuklu Glass Factory Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Iron and Steel Plant1846 Istanbul, Büyükada Flour Mill1848 Bursa, Orhaneli, Chromite Mine1850 Çanakkale, Acorn (Oak) Warehouses Istanbul, Bakırköy Textile Factory1854 Bursa, Fabrika-i Hümayun (The Imperial Factory) (silk mill) Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Gasworks1857 Istanbul, Üsküdar Suma Distillery1858 Istanbul, Paşalimanı Flour Mill1860 Bursa, David Saban Kardeşler Factory (silk mill) Bursa, İshak İskender Factory (silk mill) Bursa, Muis ve Savuk Kardeşler Factory (silk mill)1861 Istanbul, Hasköy Şirket-i Hayriye Shipyard1864 Adana, Cotton Ginning Mill Istanbul, Nakkaştepe Gasworks1866 Istanbul, Polizo ve Leko Pasta Factory1870 Istanbul, Unkapanı Flour Mill1877 Istanbul, Üsküdar Çıknavoryan Mahdumları Biscuit Factory 1878 Balıkesir, Edremit, Komili Olive Oil Factory 1880 Istanbul, Üsküdar, Şemsipaşa Tobacco Factory Istanbul, Yedikule Gasworks İzmir, Tekel Cigarette Factory1882 Istanbul, Şahbaz Agiya Brickworks Istanbul, Seferoğlu, Rolling Paper Factory1883 Istanbul, Terkos Water Pumping Station1884 Istanbul, Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory Istanbul, Modiano Glass Factory1886 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Flour Mill1887 Mersin, Mavromati Cotton Ginning Mill Samsun, Tekel Tobacco Factory1888 Istanbul, Yedikule Spinning Mill1889 Adana, Hazar Naşiyan Factory1890 Istanbul, Ahmet İhsan Printing House Istanbul, Beykoz Hamidiye Paper Mill Istanbul, Osman Bey Printing House Istanbul, Yıldız Çini Fabrika-i Hümayunu (Yıldız Imperial Ceramic Glaze Factory) Istanbul, Kazlıçeşme Weaving Mill Manisa, Flour Mill and Pasta FactoryLate 1890s Istanbul, Çifte Arslan Bread Factory1891 Istanbul, Hasanpaşa Gasworks Istanbul, Dolmabahçe-Hereke Weaving Mill1893 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Sawmill

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

1 - FESHANE-İ AMİRE (THE IMPERIAL FEZ AND MILITARY UNIFORM FACTORY), ISTANBUL Source: Istanbul University Rare Works Library

2 - KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE MATCH FACTORY, ISTANBUL Source: Moira Valeri Archive

3 - BOMONTİ BREWERY, FERİKÖY, ISTANBUL Source: SALT Research, Photo Archive

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Istanbul, Foti Kendros Brickworks1894 Istanbul, İstinye Lineros Lime Plant Istanbul, Üsküdar Disinfection House 1895 Adana, Régie Company Tobacco Factory Istanbul, Matbaa-i Bahriye (The Naval Printing House) Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spermaceti Processing Plant Istanbul, Rebul Pharmacy Istanbul, Ahırkapı Undershirt Factory1896 Istanbul, Göksu Mill1897 Istanbul, Küçükçekmece Match Factory 19th century Bursa, Romangal Factory (silk mill)Late 19th century Zonguldak Coal Enterprises Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Anadolu Group – Ana Gıda: Komili Olive Oil Factory Pre-1900 Istanbul, Göksu Brick and Roof Tile Factory1900 Adana, Alman Fabrikası (The German Factory) (DLBG - Deutche Levantanische Boumwole Gesellschaft): Ulaş Ginneries Istanbul, Tuzla Petodi Brickworks Istanbul, Üsküdar Power Station1902 Adana, Salih Efendi Flour Mill Istanbul, Bomonti Brewery Istanbul, Cendere Water Pumping Station Istanbul, Umuryeri Lime Plant Uşak, Yılancızadeler ile Bacakzadeler Spinning Mills1903 Istanbul K. Yorgi Pagapulo Canning Factory Istanbul, İbrahim Ethem (Ulugay) Pharmaceutical Factory1905 İzmir, Gasworks Uşak, Bıçakçızade Biraderler ve Mehmet Zeki Kumpanyası Spinning Mill1907 Adana, National Textile Factory (Simonoğlu Factory)1908 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Sızma Han Oil Factory Istanbul, Çubuklu Soda Factory İzmir, Tuzakoğlu Flour Mill1910 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Çukurçayır Brick and Roof Tile Factory1911 Istanbul, Bluementhal Record and Gramophone Factory Kocaeli, Darıca, Aslan Cement Plant1912 Aydın, Bomonti-Nektar Brewing Company Istanbul, İstinye Shipyard Istanbul, Yaşarzade Hasan Hüsnü Effendi Brickworks Istanbul, Maltepe Spinning MillPre-1913 Istanbul, Kadıköy Winery

1913 Istanbul, Silahtarağa Power Station Istanbul, Şişli Bread Factory Istanbul, Stelyanidi Brickworks1914 Balıkesir, Ayvalık Sezai Ömer Madra Olive Oil Factory and Soap Manufactory Sakarya, Adapazarı Başak Traktör (Başak Tractors) Istanbul, Haliç, Karaağaç Artillery Fuse Factory Pre-1915 Istanbul, Tiryandafilopulos Yorgi Mill Istanbul, Tuzla İstren Osmanlı (the Ottoman) Cement Products Factory1915 Aydın, Bilal Soap Company Istanbul, Sabuncuzade Şakir Soap Factory1916 İzmir, Turan Turyağ Factory1917 Istanbul, Bakırköy Distillery Before 1918 Istanbul, Haznedar Brickworks1918 Adana, Glass Factory Adana, Gulbenkian Factory (Sapmazlar Ginneries)1919 Istanbul, Abdi İbrahim Pharmaceutical Lab Istanbul, Bayrakçı Flag Factory1920 Ankara, Yüniş Textile Factory1922 Istanbul, Diesel Fuel Refinery İzmir, Piyale Pasta FactoryBefore 1923 Istanbul, Mauser Rifle Cartridge Factory

1923-1950: THE STATE-RUN INDUSTRIES

IN THE EARLY REPUBLIC

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of War World I and the following foundation of the Republic of Turkey (1923), the state encourages private investment initiatives but the response is limited and scarce. After the economic crisis of 1929, Turkey transitions to a planned economy and vast state-led industrialization programs launched across the country, mostly in mid-sized towns in Anatolia. These initiatives include the establishment of Sümerbank—a state-owned bank and industrial holding company—in 1933, and the implementation of the first five-year industrial plan (1934-1938) with the aim of starting up new industries for basic products like sugar, paper, textiles, cement, iron, steel. The design of these new industrial buildings reflects the main features of modern architecture with the use of reinforced concrete for large-span structures.

1923 Adana, Cumhuriyet (The Republic) Flour and Cotton Ginning Mill Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spirits and Alcoholic

1 - UŞAK SUGAR MILL Source: Türk Şekeri [Turkish Sugar]. Istanbul: Alaeddin Kıral Klişe Fabrikası ve Basımevi. (Undated brochure). Gökhan Akçura Archive

2 - SÜMERBANK TEXTILE FACTORY AND EMPLOYEE HOUSINGS, KAYSERİ

Architect: Ivan Sergeevich Nikolaev Photo: Othmar Perschy

Source: Fotoğrafla Türkiye [Turkey in Pictures]. Ankara: General Directorate of the Press, 1936.

3 - KARABÜK IRON AND STEEL PLANT

Source: İnönü, İsmet. (1937). Türkiye Demir Çelik Fabrikaları Müessesesi. Karabük: Pulhan Matbaası.

Gökhan Akçura Archive

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Beverages Factory Istanbul, Sütlüce Slaughter House1924 Ankara, Gazi Small Arms Ammunition Factory Ankara, Light Weapons and Light Artilleries Repair Workhops, Cartridge and Carpentry Factories Ankara, Kayaş Percussion Cap Factory Isparta, Spinning Mill1925 Bursa, Weaving and Knitting Mill (İpekiş) Bursa Canning Factory Çanakkale, Bozcaada Yunatçılar Winery Denizli, Şemsi Terakki Tanning and Trade Corporation Edirne, Dönertaş (Fındıklıyan) Flour Mill Eskişehir, Air Supply and Maintenance Center Istanbul, Cav Bicycle Factory Istanbul, Nemlizade Tobacco Warehouse1926 Ankara, Cement Plant Istanbul, State Heroin Factory Kayseri Aircraft Factory Kayseri, Bünyan Carpet Weaving Mill Kırklareli, Alpullu Sugar Mill Kocaeli, Gölcük Naval Shipyard Kütahya, Sümerbank Brick and Roof Tile Factory Uşak Sugar Mill1927 Bitlis Cigarette Factory Çanakkale, Bozcaada Ataol (Old) Winery Erzurum, Evyap Soap Factory Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Brick and Roof Tile Factory Isparta, Yalvaç Old Leather Factory Istanbul, Nestlè Factory1928 Ankara, Power Station and Natural Gas Processing Plant Kırıkkale Power Plant and Steelworks Kırıkkale Pirinç Factory (bullet manufacturing)1929 Adana Elektrik T.A.Ş. (Adana Electricity Corporation) Bandırma, Old Power Station Çanakkale, Kızlı Sardalya (a type of sardine) Factory Istanbul, Beşiktaş Astro Tobacco Factory Istanbul, Ford Automobile Assembly Plant Istanbul, Yunus Cement Plant Kırıkkale Ammunition Factory Sinop, Ayancık Sawmill1930 Edirne Power Station Istanbul, Mecidiyeköy Liqueur and Brandy Distillery1931 Tekirdağ Distillery1933 Diyarbakır Distillery

Istanbul, Göksu Rope Factory Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Cement Plant 1934 Ankara Brewery Ankara Wheat Silos Bursa Dairy Factory (Sayas) Eskişehir Wheat Silos Eskişehir Sugar Mill Istanbul, Paşabahçe Glass Plant Kayseri, Sümerbank Textile Factory and Employee Housings Konya Wheat Silos Sivas Wheat Silos Tokat, Turhal Sugar Mill 1935 Ankara, Mamak Gas Mask Factory Ankara Sugar Mill Artvin, Murgul Copper Processing Plant Aydın, Nazilli Sümerbank Textile Factory Elazığ Etibank Keban Galena Processing Plant Isparta, The First Rose Oil Factory Isparta, Rose Oil Factory Isparta, Keçiborlu Sulphur Plant Mersin, Sümerbank Textile Factory Zonguldak Hard Coal Factory1936 Elazığ, Etibank Şarkkromları – Ferrokrom (East Chromium Ores – Ferrochrome) Processing Facility Kırıkkale Gunpowder, Rifle and Artillery Factories İzmit, Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill Zonguldak Anthracite Factory 1937 Bursa, Gemlik Artificial Silk Mill Bursa, Yalova, Tolon Factory (a textile machinery factory) Istanbul, Nuri Demirağ Aircraft Factory Konya, Ereğli Sümerbank Textile Factory1938 Bursa, Sümerbank Merinos Wool Manufacturing Plant Giresun, Fiskobirlik Integrated Hazelnut Processing Facilities Istanbul, Nuri Killigil Arms Manufacturing Plant Muğla, Bodrum Sponge Fishing Workshops Iğdır Spinning Mill İzmit Picric Acid Manufacturing Plant 1939 Malatya, Sümerbank Cotton Textile Industries Malatya Cigarette Factory Sivas, TÜDEMSAŞ (Turkish Railways Machines Industry Inc.) Tekirdağ Winery Karabük Iron and Steel Pipe Manufacturing Plants and Coke Plants 1941 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Ceramic Factory

1 - ARÇELİK PLANTS, ÇAYIROVA, KOCAELİ Architect: Aydın Boysan Source: Boysan. Istanbul: Boysan Yapı Planlama, 1997.

2 - MERTER VAKKO FACTORY, ISTANBUL Built in 1969, demolished in 2006.

Architect: Haluk Baysal Photo: Gültekin Çizgen

Source: “Vakko Turistik Elişi Eşarp ve Konfeksiyon Fabrikası” [Vakko Touristic Handmade Scarf and Ready to Wear Factory]. Arkitekt,

Year XL, no. 4 (340) (1970), 160.

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Kocaeli, Kaolinite Plant1942 Ankara, THK (Turkish Air Force) Etimesgut Aircraft Factory1943 Sivas Cement Plant1944 Elazığ Winery İzmit, The Second Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill1945 Kocaeli Chlorine and Caustic Soda Plant1947 Kastamonu, Taşköprü Hemp Processing Plant Rize Tea Factory1949 Istanbul, Topkapı, General Electric Lighting (Light Bulb) Factory (Getaş)

1950-1980: THE RISE OF PRIVATE E

TREPRENEURSHIP

In this period, the state promotes economic policies that aim at the protection of the domestic market with a greater role for private enterprise. The country maintains a mixed economy, and ISI (Import Substituting Industrialization) becomes the principal norm. While state-owned enterprises focus on heavier industries, construction materials, and infrastructure development; the private sector, which begins to grow with large family holdings, overtakes the manufacturing of consumer goods such as refrigerators, home appliances, washing machines, televisions, and launches the domestic automotive industry (Anadol). Both the former and the latter are concentrated mainly in Istanbul and in the eastern Marmara region (İzmit-Bursa-Gebze).

1950 Ankara, TürkTraktör (a manufacturer in the automotive industry) Factory İzmir, Çimentaş Cement Plant1950s Edirne, Nafiz Trakya Roof Tile and Brick Factory Bursa Sericulture Weaving Mill1951 Adana, Paksoy Soap and Vegetable Oil Factory Adana, Bossa Textile Corporation Çanakkale, AKFA Tomato Paste Factory Istanbul, Bodur-Eğinlioğlu Edirnekapı Cotton Mill Sakarya, Adapazarı Railroad Coach Factory (Tuvasaş)1952 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Modern Pharmaceutical Plant Istanbul, Haliç Fener Manufacturing Plant, Alibeyköy Paint Factory Istanbul, Unilever - İş Bakırköy Sana (a Turkish margarine brand) Factory Istanbul, Kartal Vinyl Floor Tile Factory Sakarya, Adapazarı Sugar Mill

1953 Adana Akdeniz Textile Factory Amasya Sugar Mill Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Kırlangıç Olive Oil Factory Denizli, Sümerbank Textile Factory Denizli, Babadağ Zorlu Textiles Istanbul, Kilim Kartaltepe Textile Factories İzmir, Bornova Dyo Paint Factory Kayseri Orta Anadolulu Textile Factory 1954 Ankara, Gazi TürkTraktör Aydın Textile Factory Diyarbakır, Sümerbank Carpet (Serge) Factory Isparta, İslamköy (Gülbirlik) Rose Oil Factory Istanbul, Particle Board Manufacturing Plant Istanbul, Squibb Pharmaceutical Plant İzmit, The Third Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill Kütahya Sugar Mill Istanbul, Topkapı, Marshall Paint Factory 1955 Batman Refinery Gebze, Turkish Automotive Industry (TOE) İzmir, Gaziemir Precast Concrete Plant Kocaeli Metal Pipe Manufacturing Plant İstanbul, Sütlüce, Arçelik Home Appliances Plant 1956 Adana, Çukobirlik Textile Factory Antalya, Kepez Spinning and Cotton Mill Bilecik, Bilkon Canning Factory Elazığ, Sugar Mill Erzincan, Sugar Mill Erzurum, Sugar Mill Istanbul, Bitlis Group (POLİSAN) Paint and Finish Factory Istanbul, Akın Textile Factory1957 Adana Çimento Sanayi T.A.Ş (Adana Cement Corporation) Antalya, Ferrochrome Plant Çanakkale, Gelibolu Kale Seramik (ceramic factory) Mersin Ataş Anadolu Refinery1958 Denizli Textile Factory Istanbul, Halkalı, Asian Side, Borusan Boru Sanayi A.Ş. (Borusan Pipe Industry Inc.) Istanbul, Aksan Metal Processing Plant1959 Kocaeli Çayırova Ford Otosan (automotive) Assembly Plant1960 Istanbul, Rami Topçular, Alarko Air Conditioner Manufacturing Plant Giresun, Tirebolu Tea Factory Zonguldak, Ereğli Iron and Steel Plants (Erdemir) 1961 Çayırova Flat Glass Manufacturing Plant Eskişehir Turkish State Railways Factory ! TÜLOMSAŞ (the former Eskişehir Traction

Workshops of 1923, the first domestic automobile) Kocaeli, The Fourth SEKA Paper Mill Kocaeli, Goodyear Tire Manufacturing Plant Kütahya, Fertilizer Plant (TÜGSAŞ) and Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant (İGSAŞ) (fertilizer production)1962 Bolu Formica Manufacturing Plant Çanakkale, Tekel, Wine and Brandy Distillery İzmir, Çamdibi Plastic Pipe Manufacturing Plant İzmit, Aygaz Yarımca Gas Filling Facility Kocaeli, Köseköy, Pirelli Tire Manufacturing Plant1963 Aydın, Söke Flour Mill Istanbul, Ataşehir Genoto Truck Manufacturing Plant Adapazarı, Royal Tire Manufacturing Plant1964 Antalya, Guayul Natural Rubber Processing Plant Balıkesir, Bandırma, Etibank Boron and Acid Factories İzmit, Tekfen ! Philips Light Bulb Factory İstanbul İstanbul Meşrubat Sanayi ! İMSA (Istanbul Beverage Corporation) Coca Cola Factory 1965 Istanbul, Uçar Toys Trabzon, Aşkale Cement Plant1966 Bursa Cement Plant Istanbul, Anadol Automobile Factory (Otosan Corporation) İzmit, Yarımca Petrochemicals Complex Kocaeli, Nuh Çimento (Nuh Cement) Kocaeli, Çayırova Arçelik Washing Machine Factory1967 Adıyaman, Sümerbank Spinning Mill Bursa, Bisaş Spinning Mill and Textile Factory İskenderun Iron and Steel Plant Istanbul, Maltepe Cigarette Factory İzmir, Screw and Nut Manufacturing Plant Kocaeli, Kartonsan (coated cardboard manufacturing) Factory1968 Bursa, Tofaş Automobile Factory Istanbul, Özarar Crane Manufacturing Plant Istanbul, Mercedes-Benz Türk Hoşdere Bus Plant and Aksaray Truck Plant İzmir Coca Cola Factory Kars Dairy Factory1969 Istanbul, Pendik Shipyard and Heavy Industry Works Istanbul, Merter Vakko Factory Kocaeli, Gebze Corrugated Board Plant Trakya Sanayi (RABAK) Copper, Steel and Aluminum Plant Bursa, Oyak Renault Automobile Factories

1970 Çanakkale, İÇDAŞ Steel, Energy Shipbuilding and Transportation Industry Inc. Elazığ Superphosphate Plant Giresun, Aksu SEKA Paper Mill İzmit, Nasaş Aluminum Plant Kocaeli, Gebze, Nasaş Aluminum Plant Kocaeli, Yarımca, PETKİM – Oil Refinery Yalova, İpek Paper Mill1971 Erzurum Aşkale Cement Plant Muğla, Dalaman SEKA Paper Mill İGSAŞ Fertilizer Plant1972 Çanakkale, Biga, DOĞTAŞ Furniture Manufacturing Plant Denizli, Textile Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Factory Istanbul, Esaş Transformer Factory İzmir, Aliağa Oil Refinery Tekirdağ, Profilo Telra (television) Factory1973 Denizli Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry Inc. (Denizli Printed Cotton Textile Factory) Istanbul, Alarko Alamsaş (Heavy Equipment Industry Inc.) Plant1974 Afyonkarahisar Sugar Mill Bolu Cement Plant Bursa, Yalova Cotton Mill Konya, Etibank Seydişehir Aluminum Plant Kütahya Porselen (Porcelain) Factory Mardin, Mazıdağı Phosphate Plant1975 Ankara, TÜMOSAN (Engine and Tractor Co.) Factory Bolu, Gerede, GERKONSAN Steel Construction Plant Denizli, (Dunapack) Dentaş Packaging and Paper Industry Inc., Corrugated Board Plant Kayseri, TAKSAN (Machine Tools Industries and Trade Company)1976 Kırşehir, PETLAS Tire Manufacturing Plant Kütahya, Kümaş Manyezit (Magnesite) Plant1977 Ankara, TEMSAN (General Directorate of Turkish Electromechanics Industry) Bilecik, Bozüyük Eczacıbaşı VitrA Plant (ceramic sanitary ware manufacturing: washbasin units, WC pans; shower trays, etc.) Istanbul, Raff Military Textiles (army and police uniforms, accessories and equipments) Kocaeli, Körfez, İGSAŞ (fertilizer plant) Kocaeli, Lassa Tire Manufacturing Plant Yalova, Akkim Construction Chemicals Manufacturing Plant1978 Istanbul, Royal Conta (gasket) Factory1979 Bilecik, Bozüyük Artema Eczacıbaşı Plant (sanitary fittings and valves manufacturing)

1 - ISTANBUL GÖN LEATHER FACTORY -2 Architect: Nevzat Sayın (NSMH) Photo: Serdar Tanyeli

2 - İPEKYOL TEXTILE FACTORY, EDİRNE Architect: EAA-Emre Arolat Architecture

Photo: Thomas Mayer

2

1

1980 TO THE PRESENT: THE POST-FOR

IST ERA AND GLOBALIZATION

After the military coup of 1980, neoliberal economic policies mark the end of nationalist development and import-substitution strategies that have characterized Turkish economy since the early Republic. New policies pave the way to an export-led growth which is accompanied by the rise of new industrial centers across Anatolia—the so-called Anatolian Tigers—and epitomized by the privatization of the iconic Sümerbank after 1987.

The design of factories reflects international standards and global trends, due to the trans-nationalization of architectural practice. Meanwhile, a growing amount of old and neglected factories and industrial sites are left awaiting a new ‘meaning’/program.

1980 İzmir, Sinem Toys1981 Afyonkarahisar, Bolvadin, Alkaloid Factory Ankara TESTAŞ (Turkish Electronics Industry and Trade Corp.) Factory Kütahya ETİ GÜMÜŞ Silver Mining, Processing and Storage Plant1982 Çanakkale, Biga Sümerbank Synthetic Leather Factory Istanbul, Pendik-Sulzer Engine Manufacturing Plant1983 Kocaeli Tüpraş Turkish Oil Refineries1984 Istanbul, Anadolu İsuzu Factory (truck manufacturing)1985 Ankara, TUSAŞ Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc. 1987 Kocaeli, Gebze Onko & Koçsel Pharmaceutical Plant1989 Kütahya, Güral Porselen (Porcelain) Factory Kütahya Seramik (Ceramic) Factory1990 Bursa, İznik, Borçelik (a steel producer)1991 Ankara, Roketsan (rockets and missiles) Factory1992 Lüleburgaz, Eczacıbaşı Pharmaceutical Complex Sakarya, Arifiye, Toyotosa Automotive Manufacturing Plant (produces Corolla and Verso lines)1994 Sakarya, Toprak Pharmaceuticals Factory1995 Istanbul, Gön Leather Factory Muğla, Datça Olive Oil Factory (Olive Farm) Tekirdağ, ATK Textile Factory1997 Ankara, Doğan Printing Center (DPC) Gebze, Şekerpınar, Honda Turkey Factory

İzmit, Hyundai Assan Automotive Manufacturing Plant Tekirdağ, Çorlu, Migiboy Textile Factory2000 Kocaeli, Gebze, Alarko Carrier Industry Main Plant2003 Manisa, Vestel City Digital Technologies and Software Development Center 2005 Sivas Intraocular and Contact Lens Manufacturing Plant 2006 Edirne, İpekyol Textile Factory2009 Kütahya Solar Panel Factory2014 Ankara, AB-Mikro Nano Commercial Chip Factory

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

TEKİRDAĞ

İSTANBUL

YALOVA

KIRKLARELİ

EDİRNE

ÇANAKKALE

BALIKESİR

BURSA

SAKARYA

DÜZCE

BOLU

BİLECİK

ESKİŞEHİR

ANKARA

KONYA

ISPARTA

AFYONKARAHİSAR

KÜTAHYA

UŞAK

MANİSA

İZMİR

AYDIN

MUĞLA

DENİZLİ

BURDUR

ANTALYA KARAMAN

MERSİN

ADANA

HATAY

OSMANİYE

KİLİS

GAZİANTEPŞANLIURFA

MARDİN

BATMAN

DİYARBAKIR

ELAZIĞ

BİNGÖLMUŞ

BİTLİS

SİİRT

ŞIRNAK

HAKKARİ

VAN

AĞRI

IĞDIR

KARS

ARDAHAN

ERZURUM

ARTVİNRİZETRABZON

BAYBURTGÜMÜŞHANE

ERZİNCAN

TUNCELİ

SİVAS

MALATYA

KAHRAMANMARAŞADIYAMAN

KAYSERİ

NİĞDE

AKSARAY

NEVŞEHİR

KIRŞEHİR

YOZGAT

KIRIKKALE

ÇORUM

ÇANKIRI

ZONGULDAKKARABÜK

BARTINKASTAMONU SİNOP

SAMSUN

AMASYA

TOKAT

ORDU

GİRESUN

KOCAELİ41

54

11

26

78

67

18

37 57

55

19

05

60

52

28

29

24

62

23

02

47

63

27

79

31

01

51

50

46

80

44

4912

21

72

13

56

65

73

30

61

69

53

25

04

36

08

75

76

66

38

58

40

74

7106

16

10

45

35

64

20

09

48

15

07

32

03

42

70

33

68

43

17

59

39

22

81

14

34

77

KOCAELİ41

SAKARYA54

BİLECİK11

ESKİŞEHİR26

KARABÜK78

ZONGULDAK67

ÇANKIRI18

KASTAMONU37

SİNOP57

SAMSUN55ÇORUM19

AMASYA05

TOKAT60

ORDU52

GİRESUN28

GÜMÜŞHANE29

ERZİNCAN24

TUNCELİ62

ELAZIĞ23

ADIYAMAN02 MARDİN47

ŞANLIURFA63GAZİANTEP27

KİLİS79

HATAY31

ADANA01

LIST OF PROVINCES

NİĞDE51

NEVŞEHİR50

KAHRAMANMARAŞ46

OSMANİYE80MALATYA44

MUŞ49

BİNGÖL12 DİYARBAKIR21

BATMAN72

BİTLİS13

SİİRT56 VAN65

ŞIRNAK73

HAKKARİ30

TRABZON61

BAYBURT69

RİZE53

ERZURUM25

AĞRI04

KARS36

ARTVİN08

ARDAHAN75

IĞDIR76

YOZGAT66

KAYSERİ38

SİVAS58KIRŞEHİR40

BARTIN74

KIRIKKALE71

ANKARA06

BURSA16

BALIKESİR10

MANİSA45

İZMİR35

UŞAK64

DENİZLİ20

AYDIN09

MUĞLA48

BURDUR15

ANTALYA07

ISPARTA32

AFYONKARAHİSAR03

KONYA42

KARAMAN70

MERSİN33

AKSARAY68

KÜTAHYA43

ÇANAKKALE17

TEKİRDAĞ59

KIRKLARELİ39

EDİRNE22

DÜZCE81

BOLU14

İSTANBUL34

YALOVA77

This research is prepared for the

3rd Istanbul Design BiennialARE WE HUMAN?The Design of the Species2 seconds, 2 days, 2 years, 200 years, 200,000 years

by Moira Valeri (coordinator), Burçin Başyazıcı, Evin Eriş, Meliha Çağlayan İnce, Şafak Cudi İnce, Fabio Salomoni, Merve Taşlıoğlu, Nur Elif Yurdaçalış

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KOCAELİ41

SAKARYA54

BİLECİK11

KARABÜK78

KASTAMONU37

SİNOP57

SAMSUN55

AMASYA05

TOKAT60

ORDU52

TUNCELİ62

MARDİN47

ŞANLIURFA63

KİLİS79

ADANA01

NİĞDE51

NEVŞEHİR50

KAHRAMANMARAŞ46

OSMANİYE80

MUŞ49

BİNGÖL12

BİTLİS13

SİİRT56

ŞIRNAK73

TRABZON61

RİZE53

AĞRI04

ARTVİN08

ARDAHAN75

IĞDIR76

KAYSERİ38

SİVAS58

KIRŞEHİR40

BARTIN74

ANKARA06

BURSA16

BALIKESİR10

AYDIN09

MUĞLA48

BURDUR15

ANTALYA07

ÇANAKKALE17

TEKİRDAĞ59

KIRKLARELİ39 DÜZCE81

BOLU14

YALOVA77

ADIYAMAN02

AFYONKARAHİSAR03

01 001 Adana, Cotton Ginning Mill01 002 Adana, Hazar Naşiyan Factory01 003 Adana, Régie Company Tobacco Factory01 004 Adana, Alman Fabrikası (The German Factory) (DLBG - Deutche Levantanische Boumwole Gesellschaft)01 005 Adana, Salih Efendi Flour Mill01 006 Adana, National Textile Factory (Simonoğlu Factory)01 007 Adana, Glass Factory01 008 Adana, Gulbenkian Factory (Sapmazlar Ginneries)01 009 Adana, Cumhuriyet (The Republic) Flour and Cotton Ginning Mill01 010 Adana Elektrik T.A.Ş. (Adana Electricity Corporation) 01 011 Adana, Paksoy Soap and Vegetable Oil Factory01 012 Adana, Bossa Textile Corporation01 013 Adana Akdeniz Textile Factory01 014 Adana, Çukobirlik Textile Factory01 015 Adana Çimento Sanayi T.A.Ş (Adana Cement Corporation)

02 001 Adıyaman, Sümerbank Spinning Mill

05 001 Amasya Sugar Mill

07 001 Antalya, Kepez Spinning and Cotton Mill07 002 Antalya, Ferrochrome Plant07 003 Antalya, Guayul Natural Rubber Processing Plant

08 001 Artvin, Murgul Copper Processing Plant

09 001 Aydın, Bomonti-Nektar Brewing Company09 002 Aydın, Bilal Soap Company09 003 Aydın, Nazilli Sümerbank Textile Factory09 004 Aydın Textile Factory09 005 Aydın, Söke Flour Mill

10 001 Balıkesir, Edrem it, Kom ili Olive Oil Factory 10 002 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Anadolu Group – Ana Gıda: Kom ili Olive Oil Factory10 003 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Sızma Han Oil Factory10 004 Balıkesir, Ayvalık Sezai Ömer Madra Olive Oil Factory and Soap Manufactory10 005 Bandırma, Old Power Station10 006 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Kırlangıç Olive Oil Factory10 007 Balıkesir, Bandırma, Etibank Boron and Acid Factories

11 001 Bilecik, Bilkon Canning Factory11 002 Bilecik, Bozüyük Eczacıbaşı VitrA Plant11 003 Bilecik, Bozüyük Artema Eczacıbaşı Plant (sanitary fittings and valves manufacturing)

13 001 Bitlis Cigarette Factory

14 001 Bolu Form ica Manufacturing Plant14 002 Bolu Cement Plant14 003 Bolu, Gerede, GERKONSAN Steel Construction Plant

16 001 Bursa, Orhaneli, Chrom ite Mine16 002 Bursa, Fabrika-i Hümayun (The Imperial Factory) (silk m ill)16 003 Bursa, David Saban Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)16 004 Bursa, İshak İskender Factory (silk m ill)16 005 Bursa, Muis ve Savuk Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)16 006 Bursa, Romangal Factory 16 007 Bursa, Weaving and Knitting Mill (İpekiş)16 008 Bursa Canning Factory16 009 Bursa Dairy Factory (Sayas)16 010 Bursa, Gem lik Artificial Silk Mill16 011 Bursa, Yalova, Tolon Factory (a textile machinery factory)16 012 Bursa, Sümerbank Merino Wool Manufacturing Plant16 013 Bursa Cement Plant16 014 Bursa, Bisaş Spinning Mill and Textile Factory16 015 Bursa, Tofaş Automobile Factory16 016 Bursa, Oyak Renault Automobile Factories16 017 Bursa, Yalova Cotton Mill16 018 Bursa, İznik, Borçelik (a steel producer)

KARS36

İZMİR35

ISPARTA32

MERSİN33

İSTANBUL34

32 001 Isparta, Spinning Mill32 002 Isparta, Yalvaç Old Leather Factory32 003 Isparta, The First Rose Oil Factory32 004 Isparta, Rose Oil Factory32 005 Isparta, Keçiborlu Sulphur Plant32 006 Isparta, İslamköy (Gülbirlik) Rose Oil Factory

33 001 Mersin, Mavromati Cotton Ginning Mill33 002 Mersin, Sümerbank Textile Factory33 003 Mersin Ataş Anadolu Refinery

34 001 Istanbul, Üsküdar Printing House34 002 Istanbul, Beykoz Hünkar Dock Paper Mill34 003 Istanbul, Beykoz Leather and Footwear Factory34 004 Istanbul, Eyüp İplikhane-i Am ire (The Imperial Spinning Mill in Eyüp)34 005 Istanbul, Feshane-i Am ire (The Imperial Fez Factory)34 006 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Salt Warehouse34 007 Istanbul, Beykoz Ceram ic Glaze and Crystal Factory34 008 Istanbul, Çubuklu Glass Factory 34 009 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Iron and Steel Plant34 010 Istanbul, Büyükada Flour Mill34 011 Istanbul, Bakırköy Textile Factory34 012 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Gasworks34 013 Istanbul, Üsküdar Suma Distillery34 014 Istanbul, Paşalimanı Flour Mill34 015 Istanbul, Hasköy Şirket-i Hayriye Shipyard34 016 Istanbul, Nakkaştepe Gasworks34 017 Istanbul, Polizo ve Leko Pasta Factory34 018 Istanbul, Unkapanı Flour Mill34 019 Istanbul, Üsküdar Çıknavoryan Mahdum ları Biscuit Factory 34 020 Istanbul, Üsküdar, Şemsipaşa Tobacco Factory34 021 Istanbul, Yedikule Gasworks34 022 Istanbul, Şahbaz Agiya Brickworks34 023 Istanbul, Seferoğlu, Rolling Paper Factory34 024 Istanbul, Terkos Water Pumping Station34 025 Istanbul, Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory34 026 Istanbul, Modiano Glass Factory34 027 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Flour Mill34 028 Istanbul, Yedikule Spinning Mill34 029 Istanbul, Ahmet İhsan Printing House34 030 Istanbul, Beykoz Ham idiye Paper Mill34 031 Istanbul, Osman Bey Printing House34 032 Istanbul, Yıldız Çini Fabrika-i Hümayunu 34 033 Istanbul, Kazlıçeşme Weaving Mill34 034 Istanbul, Çifte Arslan Bread Factory34 035 Istanbul, Hasanpaşa Gasworks34 036 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe-Hereke Weaving Mill34 037 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Sawm ill34 038 Istanbul, Foti Kendros Brickworks34 039 Istanbul, İstinye Lineros Lime Plant34 040 Istanbul, Üsküdar Disinfection House 34 041 Istanbul, Matbaa-i Bahriye 34 042 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spermaceti Processing Plant34 043 Istanbul, Rebul Pharmacy34 044 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Undershirt Factory34 045 Istanbul, Göksu Mill34 046 Istanbul, Küçükçekmece Match Factory34 047 Istanbul, Göksu Brick and Roof Tile Factory34 048 Istanbul, Tuzla Petodi Brickworks34 049 Istanbul, Üsküdar Power Station34 050 Istanbul, Bomonti Brewery34 051 Istanbul, Cendere Water Pumping Station34 052 Istanbul, Umuryeri Lime Plant34 053 Istanbul K. Yorgi Pagapulo Canning Factory34 054 Istanbul, İbrahim Ethem (Ulugay) Pharmaceutical Factory34 055 Istanbul, Çubuklu Soda Factory34 056 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Çukurçayır Brick and Roof Tile Factory34 057 Istanbul, Bluementhal Record and Gramophone Factory34 058 Istanbul, İstinye Shipyard34 059 Istanbul, Yaşarzade Hasan Hüsnü Effendi Brickworks34 060 Istanbul, Maltepe Spinning Mill34 061 Istanbul, Kadıköy Winery34 062 Istanbul, Silahtarağa Power Station34 063 Istanbul, Şişli Bread Factory34 064 Istanbul, Stelyanidi Brickworks34 065 Istanbul, Haliç, Karaağaç Artillery Fuse Factory34 066 Istanbul, Tiryandafilopulos Yorgi Mill34 067 Istanbul, Tuzla İstren Osmanlı (the Ottoman) Cement Products Factory34 068 Istanbul, Sabuncuzade Şakir Soap Factory34 069 Istanbul, Bakırköy Distillery34 070 Istanbul, Haznedar Brickworks34 071 Istanbul, Abdi İbrahim Pharmaceutical Lab34 072 Istanbul, Bayrakçı Flag Factory34 073 Istanbul, Diesel Fuel Refinery34 074 Istanbul, Mauser Rifle Cartridge Factory34 075 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spirits and Alcoholic Beverages Factory34 076 Istanbul, Sütlüce Slaughter House34 077 Istanbul, Cav Bicycle Factory34 078 Istanbul, Nem lizade Tobacco Warehouse34 079 Istanbul, State Heroin Factory34 080 Istanbul, Nestlè Factory34 081 Istanbul, Beşiktaş Astro Tobacco Factory34 082 Istanbul, Ford Automobile Assembly Plant34 083 Istanbul, Yunus Cement Plant34 084 Istanbul, Mecidiyeköy Liqueur and Brandy Distillery34 085 Istanbul, Göksu Rope Factory34 086 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Cement Plant34 087 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Glass Plant34 088 Istanbul, Nuri Dem irağ Aircraft Factory34 089 Istanbul, Nuri Killigil Arms Manufacturing Plant34 090 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Ceram ic Factory34 091 Istanbul, Topkapı, General Electric Lighting (Light Bulb) Factory (Getaş)34 092 Istanbul, Bodur-Eğinlioğlu Edirnekapı Cotton Mill34 093 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Modern Pharmaceutical Plant34 094 Istanbul, Haliç Fener Manufacturing Plant, Alibeyköy Paint Factory34 095 Istanbul, Unilever - İş Bakırköy Sana (a Turkish margarine brand) Factory34 096 Istanbul, Kartal Vinyl Floor Tile Factory34 097 Istanbul, Kilim Kartaltepe Textile Factories34 098 Istanbul, Particle Board Manufacturing Plant34 099 Istanbul, Squibb Pharmaceutical Plant34 100 Istanbul, Topkapı, Marshall Paint Factory34 101 İstanbul, Sütlüce, Arçelik Home Appliances Plant34 102 Istanbul, Bitlis Group (POLİSAN) Paint and Finish Factory34 103 Istanbul, Akın Textile Factory34 104 Istanbul, Halkalı, Asian Side, Borusan Boru Sanayi A.Ş. (Borusan Pipe Industry Inc.)34 105 Istanbul, Aksan Metal Processing Plant34 106 Istanbul, Ram i Topçular, Alarko Air Conditioner Manufacturing Plant34 107 Istanbul, Ataşehir Genoto Truck Manufacturing Plant34 108 İstanbul İstanbul Meşrubat Sanayi � İMSA (Istanbul Beverage Corporation) Coca Cola Factory 34 109 Istanbul, Uçar Toys34 110 Istanbul, Anadol Automobile Factory (Otosan Corporation)34 111 Istanbul, Maltepe Cigarette Factory34 112 Istanbul, Özarar Crane Manufacturing Plant34 113 Istanbul, Mercedes-Benz Türk Hoşdere Bus Plant and Aksaray Truck Plant34 114 Istanbul, Pendik Shipyard and Heavy Industry Works34 115 Istanbul, Merter Vakko Factory34 116 Istanbul, Esaş Transformer Factory34 117 Istanbul, Alarko Alamsaş (Heavy Equipment Industry Inc.) Plant34 118 Istanbul, Raff Military Textiles (army and police uniforms, accessories and equipments)34 119 Istanbul, Royal Conta (gasket) Factory34 120 Istanbul, Pendik-Sulzer Engine Manufacturing Plant34 121 Istanbul, Anadolu İsuzu Factory (truck manufacturing)34 122 Istanbul, Gön Leather Factory

35 001 İzm ir, Tekel Cigarette Factory35 002 İzm ir, Gasworks35 003 İzm ir, Tuzakoğlu Flour Mill35 004 İzm ir, Turan Turyağ Factory35 005 İzm ir, Piyale Pasta Factory35 006 İzm ir, Çimentaş Cement Plant35 007 İzm ir, Bornova Dyo Paint Factory35 008 İzm ir, Gaziem ir Precast Concrete Plant35 009 İzm ir, Çamdibi Plastic Pipe Manufacturing Plant35 010 İzm ir, Screw and Nut Manufacturing Plant35 011 İzm ir Coca Cola Factory35 012 İzm ir, Aliağa Oil Refinery35 013 İzm ir, Sinem Toys

37 001 Kastamonu, Taşköprü Hemp Processing Plant

38 001 Kayseri Aircraft Factory38 002 Kayseri, Bünyan Carpet Weaving Mill38 003 Kayseri, Sümerbank Textile Factory and Employee Housings38 004 Kayseri Orta Anadolulu Textile Factory38 005 Kayseri, TAKSAN (Machine Tools Industries and Trade Company)

MALATYA44

MANİSA45

KONYA42

KÜTAHYA43

41 018 Kocaeli, Köseköy, Pirelli Tire Manufacturing Plant41 019 İzm it, Tekfen � Philips Light Bulb Factory41 020 İzm it, Yarımca Petrochem icals Complex41 021 Kocaeli, Nuh Çimento (Nuh Cement)41 022 Kocaeli, Çayırova Arçelik Washing Machine Factory41 023 Kocaeli, Kartonsan (coated cardboard manufacturing) Factory41 024 Kocaeli, Gebze Corrugated Board Plant41 025 Trakya Sanayi (RABAK) Copper, Steel and Alum inum Plant41 026 İzm it, Nasaş Alum inum Plant41 027 Kocaeli, Gebze, Nasaş Alum inum Plant41 028 Kocaeli, Yarımca, PETKİM – Oil Refinery41 029 İGSAŞ Fertilizer Plant41 030 Kocaeli, Körfez, İGSAŞ (fertilizer plant)41 031 Kocaeli, Lassa Tire Manufacturing Plant41 032 Kocaeli Tüpraş Turkish Oil Refineries41 033 Kocaeli, Gebze Onko & Koçsel Pharmaceutical Plant41 034 Gebze, Şekerpınar, Honda Turkey Factory41 035 İzm it, Hyundai Assan Automotive Manufacturing Plant41 036 Kocaeli, Gebze, Alarko Carrier Industry Main Plant

42 001 Konya Wheat Silos42 002 Konya, Ereğli Sümerbank Textile Factory42 003 Konya, Etibank Seydişehir Alum inum Plant

48 001 Muğla, Bodrum Sponge Fishing Workshops48 002 Muğla, Dalaman SEKA Paper Mill48 003 Muğla, Datça Olive Oil Factory (Olive Farm)

54 001 Sakarya, Adapazarı Başak Tractors54 002 Sakarya, Adapazarı Railroad Coach Factory (Tuvasaş)54 003 Sakarya, Adapazarı Sugar Mill54 004 Adapazarı, Royal Tire Manufacturing Plant54 005 Sakarya, Arifiye, Toyotosa Automotive Manufacturing Plant (produces Corolla and Verso lines)54 006 Sakarya, Toprak Pharmaceuticals Factory

59 001 Tekirdağ Distillery59 002 Tekirdağ Winery59 003 Tekirdağ, Profilo Telra (television) Factory59 004 Tekirdağ, ATK Textile Factory59 005 Tekirdağ, Çorlu, Migiboy Textile Factory

61 001 Trabzon, Aşkale Cement Plant

ZONGULDAK67

BATMAN72

VAN65

BAYBURT69

YOZGAT66

KIRIKKALE71

UŞAK64

KARAMAN70

AKSARAY68

64 001 Uşak, Yılancızadeler ile Bacakzadeler Spinning Mills64 002 Uşak, Bıçakçızade Biraderler ve Mehmet Zeki Kumpanyası Spinning Mill64 003 Uşak Sugar Mill

67 001 Zonguldak Coal Enterprises67 002 Zonguldak Hard Coal Factory67 003 Zonguldak Anthracite Factory67 004 Zonguldak, Ereğli Iron and Steel Plants (Erdem ir)

71 001 Kırıkkale Power Plant and Steelworks71 002 Kırıkkale Pirinç Factory (bullet manufacturing)71 003 Kırıkkale Ammunition Factory71 004 Kırıkkale Gunpowder, Rifle and Artillery Factories

72 001 Batman Refinery

78 001 Karabük Iron and Steel Pipe Manufacturing Plants and Coke Plants

03 001 Afyonkarahisar Sugar Mill03 002 Afyonkarahisar, Bolvadin, Alkaloid Factory

ESKİŞEHİR26

ÇANKIRI18

ÇORUM19

ERZİNCAN24

ELAZIĞ23

GAZİANTEP27

DİYARBAKIR21

ERZURUM25

DENİZLİ20

EDİRNE22

21 001 Diyarbakır Distillery21 002 Diyarbakır, Sümerbank Carpet (Serge) Factory

22 001 Edirne, Dönertaş (Fındıklıyan) Flour Mill22 002 Edirne Power Station22 003 Edirne, Nafiz Trakya Roof Tile and Brick Factory22 004 Edirne, İpekyol Textile Factory

23 001 Elazığ Etibank Keban Galena Processing Plant23 002 Elazığ, Etibank Şarkkrom ları – Ferrokrom (East Chrom ium Ores – Ferrochrome) Processing 23 003 Elazığ Winery23 004 Elazığ, Sugar Mill23 005 Elazığ Superphosphate Plant

GİRESUN28

GÜMÜŞHANE29

HATAY31

HAKKARİ30

28 001 Giresun, Fiskobirlik Integrated Hazelnut Processing Facilities28 002 Giresun, Tirebolu Tea Factory28 003 Giresun, Aksu SEKA Paper Mill

20 001 Denizli, Şemsi Terakki Tanning and Trade Corporation20 002 Denizli, Sümerbank Textile Factory20 003 Denizli, Babadağ Zorlu Textiles20 004 Denizli Textile Factory20 005 Denizli, Textile Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Factory20 006 Denizli Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry Inc. (Denizli Printed Cotton Textile Factory)20 007 Denizli, (Dunapack) Dentaş Packaging and Paper Industry Inc., Corrugated Board Plant

24 001 Erzincan, Sugar Mill

25 001 Erzurum , Evyap Soap Factory25 002 Erzurum , Sugar Mill25 003 Erzurum Aşkale Cement Plant

26 001 Eskişehir, Air Supply and Maintenance Center26 002 Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Brick and Roof Tile Factory26 003 Eskişehir Wheat Silos26 004 Eskişehir Sugar Mill26 005 Eskişehir,Turkish State Railways Factory � TÜLOMSAŞ

36 001 Kars Dairy Factory

39 001 Kırklareli, Alpullu Sugar Mill39 002 Lüleburgaz, Eczacıbaşı Pharmaceutical Complex

40 001 Kırşehir, PETLAS Tire Manufacturing Plant

41 001 İzm it, Broadcloth Factory41 002 Kocaeli, Hereke Silk Fabric and Carpet Factory41 003 Kocaeli, Darıca, Aslan Cement Plant41 004 Kocaeli, Gölcük Naval Shipyard41 005 İzm it, Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill 41 006 İzm it Picric Acid Manufacturing Plant41 007 Kocaeli, Kaolinite Plant41 008 İzm it, The Second Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill41 009 Kocaeli Chlorine and Caustic Soda Plant41 010 İzm it, The Third Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill41 011 Gebze, Turkish Automotive Industry (TOE)41 012 Kocaeli Metal Pipe Manufacturing Plant 41 013 Kocaeli Çayırova Ford Otosan (automotive) Assembly Plant41 014 Çayırova Flat Glass Manufacturing Plant41 015 Kocaeli, The Fourth SEKA Paper Mill41 016 Kocaeli, Goodyear Tire Manufacturing Plant41 017 İzm it, Aygaz Yarımca Gas Filling Facility

43 001 Kütahya, Sümerbank Brick and Roof Tile Factory43 002 Kütahya Sugar Mill43 003 Kütahya, Fertilizer Plant (TÜGSAŞ) and Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant (İGSAŞ) (fertilizer production)43 004 Kütahya Porselen (Porcelain) Factory43 005 Kütahya, Kümaş Manyezit (Magnesite) Plant43 006 Kütahya ETİ GÜMÜŞ Silver Mining, Processing and Storage Plant43 007 Kütahya, Güral Porselen (Porcelain) Factory43 008 Kütahya Seram ik (Ceram ic) Factory43 009 Kütahya Solar Panel Factory

44 001 Malatya, Sümerbank Cotton Textile Industries44 002 Malatya Cigarette Factory

45 001 Manisa, Flour Mill and Pasta Factory45 002 Manisa, Vestel City Digital Technologies and Software Development Center

47 001 Mardin, Mazıdağı Phosphate Plant

17 001 Çanakkale, Acorn (Oak) Warehouses17 002 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Yunatçılar Winery17 003 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Ataol (Old) Winery17 004 Çanakkale, Kızlı Sardalya (a type of sardine) Factory17 005 Çanakkale, AKFA Tomato Paste Factory17 006 Çanakkale, Gelibolu Kale Seram ik (ceram ic factory)17 007 Çanakkale, Tekel, Wine and Brandy Distillery17 008 Çanakkale, İÇDAŞ Steel, Energy Shipbuilding and Transportation Industry Inc. 17 009 Çanakkale, Biga, DOĞTAŞ Furniture Manufacturing Plant17 010 Çanakkale, Biga Sümerbank Synthetic Leather Factory

53 001 Rize Tea Factory

55 001 Samsun, Tekel Tobacco Factory

57 001 Sinop, Ayancık Sawm ill

58 001 Sivas Wheat Silos58 002 Sivas, TÜDEMSAŞ (Turkish Railways Machines Industry Inc.)58 003 Sivas Cement Plant58 004 Sivas Intraocular and Contact Lens Manufacturing Plant

60 001 Tokat, Turhal Sugar Mill

76 001 Iğdır Spinning Mill

77 001 Yalova, İpek Paper Mill77 002 Yalova, Akkim Construction Chem icals Manufacturing Plant

06 001 Ankara, Yüniş Textile Factory06 002 Ankara, Gazi Small Arms Ammunition Factory06 003 Ankara, Light Weapons and Light Artilleries Repair Workhops, Cartridge and 06 004 Ankara, Kayaş Percussion Cap Factory06 005 Ankara, Cement Plant06 006 Ankara, Power Station and Natural Gas Processing Plant06 007 Ankara Brewery06 008 Ankara Wheat Silos06 009 Ankara, Mamak Gas Mask Factory06 010 Ankara Sugar Mill06 011 Ankara, THK (Turkish Air Force) Etimesgut Aircraft Factory06 012 Ankara, TürkTraktör (a manufacturer in the automotive industry) Factory06 013 Ankara, Gazi TürkTraktör 06 014 Ankara, TÜMOSAN (Engine and Tractor Co.) Factory06 015 Ankara, TEMSAN (General Directorate of Turkish Electromechanics Industry)06 016 Ankara TESTAŞ (Turkish Electronics Industry and Trade Corp.) Factory06 017 Ankara, TUSAŞ Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc. 06 018 Ankara, Roketsan (rockets and m issiles) Factory06 019 Ankara, Doğan Printing Center (DPC) 06 020 Ankara, AB-Mikro Nano Commercial Chip Factory

31 001 İskenderun Iron and Steel Plant

Iğdır Spinning Mill

FACTORIES SORTED BY PROVINCES

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

TEKİRDAĞ

İSTANBUL

YALOVA

KIRKLARELİ

EDİRNE

ÇANAKKALE

BALIKESİR

BURSA

SAKARYA

DÜZCE

BOLU

BİLECİK

ESKİŞEHİR

ANKARA

KONYA

ISPARTA

AFYONKARAHİSAR

KÜTAHYA

UŞAK

MANİSA

İZMİR

AYDIN

MUĞLA

DENİZLİ

BURDUR

ANTALYA KARAMAN

MERSİN

ADANA

HATAY

OSMANİYE

KİLİS

GAZİANTEPŞANLIURFA

MARDİN

BATMAN

DİYARBAKIR

ELAZIĞ

BİNGÖLMUŞ

BİTLİS

SİİRT

ŞIRNAK

HAKKARİ

VAN

AĞRI

IĞDIR

KARS

ARDAHAN

ERZURUM

ARTVİNRİZETRABZON

BAYBURTGÜMÜŞHANE

ERZİNCAN

TUNCELİ

SİVAS

MALATYA

KAHRAMANMARAŞADIYAMAN

KAYSERİ

NİĞDE

AKSARAY

NEVŞEHİR

KIRŞEHİR

YOZGAT

KIRIKKALE

ÇORUM

ÇANKIRI

ZONGULDAKKARABÜK

BARTINKASTAMONU SİNOP

SAMSUN

AMASYA

TOKAT

ORDU

GİRESUN

KOCAELİ41

54

11

26

78

67

18

37 57

55

19

05

60

52

28

29

24

62

23

02

47

63

27

79

31

01

51

50

46

80

44

4912

21

72

13

56

65

73

30

61

69

53

25

04

36

08

75

76

66

38

58

40

74

7106

16

10

45

35

64

20

09

48

15

07

32

03

42

70

33

68

43

17

59

39

22

81

14

34

77

KOCAELİ41

SAKARYA54

BİLECİK11

ESKİŞEHİR26

KARABÜK78

ZONGULDAK67

ÇANKIRI18

KASTAMONU37

SİNOP57

SAMSUN55ÇORUM19

AMASYA05

TOKAT60

ORDU52

GİRESUN28

GÜMÜŞHANE29

ERZİNCAN24

TUNCELİ62

ELAZIĞ23

ADIYAMAN02 MARDİN47

ŞANLIURFA63GAZİANTEP27

KİLİS79

HATAY31

ADANA01

LIST OF PROVINCES

NİĞDE51

NEVŞEHİR50

KAHRAMANMARAŞ46

OSMANİYE80MALATYA44

MUŞ49

BİNGÖL12 DİYARBAKIR21

BATMAN72

BİTLİS13

SİİRT56 VAN65

ŞIRNAK73

HAKKARİ30

TRABZON61

BAYBURT69

RİZE53

ERZURUM25

AĞRI04

KARS36

ARTVİN08

ARDAHAN75

IĞDIR76

YOZGAT66

KAYSERİ38

SİVAS58KIRŞEHİR40

BARTIN74

KIRIKKALE71

ANKARA06

BURSA16

BALIKESİR10

MANİSA45

İZMİR35

UŞAK64

DENİZLİ20

AYDIN09

MUĞLA48

BURDUR15

ANTALYA07

ISPARTA32

AFYONKARAHİSAR03

KONYA42

KARAMAN70

MERSİN33

AKSARAY68

KÜTAHYA43

ÇANAKKALE17

TEKİRDAĞ59

KIRKLARELİ39

EDİRNE22

DÜZCE81

BOLU14

İSTANBUL34

YALOVA77

This research is prepared for the

3rd Istanbul Design Biennial

ARE WE HUMAN?

The Design of the Species

2 seconds, 2 days, 2 years, 200 years, 200,000 years

by Moira Valeri (coordinator), Burçin Başyazıcı, Evin Eriş, Meliha Çağlayan İnce, Şafak Cudi İnce, Fabio Salomoni, Merve Taşlıoğlu, Nur Elif Yurdaçalış

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34 001 1803 Istanbul, Üsküdar Printing House34 002 1804 Istanbul, Beykoz Hünkar Dock Paper Mill

34 003 1810 Istanbul, Beykoz Leather and Footwear Factory

34 004 1827 Istanbul, Eyüp İplikhane-i Am ire (The Imperial Spinning Mill in Eyüp)

34 005 1833 Istanbul, Feshane-i Am ire (The Imperial Fez Factory)

34 006 1840 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Salt Warehouse

41 001 1843 İzm it, Broadcloth Factory

41 002 1843 Kocaeli, Hereke Silk Fabric and Carpet Factory

34 007 1844 Istanbul, Beykoz Ceram ic Glaze and Crystal Factory

34 008 1845 Istanbul, Çubuklu Glass Factory

34 009 1845 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Iron and Steel Plant

34 010 1846 Istanbul, Büyükada Flour Mill

16 001 1848 Bursa, Orhaneli, Chrom ite Mine

17 001 1850 Çanakkale, Acorn (Oak) Warehouses

34 011 1850 Istanbul, Bakırköy Textile Factory

16 002 1854 Bursa, Fabrika-i Hümayun (The Imperial Factory) (silk m ill)

34 012 1854 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Gasworks

34 013 1857 Istanbul, Üsküdar Suma Distillery

34 014 1858 Istanbul, Paşalimanı Flour Mill

16 003 1860 Bursa, David Saban Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)

16 004 1860 Bursa, İshak İskender Factory (silk m ill)

16 005 1860 Bursa, Muis ve Savuk Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)

34 015 1861 Istanbul, Hasköy Şirket-i Hayriye Shipyard

01 001 1864 Adana, Cotton Ginning Mill

34 016 1864 Istanbul, Nakkaştepe Gasworks

34 017 1866 Istanbul, Polizo ve Leko Pasta Factory

34 018 1870 Istanbul, Unkapanı Flour Mill

34 019 1877 Istanbul, Üsküdar Çıknavoryan Mahdum ları Biscuit Factory

10 001 1878 Balıkesir, Edrem it, Kom ili Olive Oil Factory

34 020 1880 Istanbul, Üsküdar, Şemsipaşa Tobacco Factory

34 021 1880 Istanbul, Yedikule Gasworks

35 001 1880 İzm ir, Tekel Cigarette Factory

34 022 1882 Istanbul, Şahbaz Agiya Brickworks

34 023 1882 Istanbul, Seferoğlu, Rolling Paper Factory

34 024 1883 Istanbul, Terkos Water Pumping Station

34 025 1884 Istanbul, Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory

34 026 1884 Istanbul, Modiano Glass Factory

34 027 1886 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Flour Mill

33 001 1887 Mersin, Mavromati Cotton Ginning Mill

55 001 1887 Samsun, Tekel Tobacco Factory

34 028 1888 Istanbul, Yedikule Spinning Mill

01 002 1889 Adana, Hazar Naşiyan Factory

34 029 1890 Istanbul, Ahmet İhsan Printing House

34 030 1890 Istanbul, Beykoz Ham idiye Paper Mill

34 031 1890 Istanbul, Osman Bey Printing House

34 032 1890 Istanbul, Yıldız Çini Fabrika-i Hümayunu

34 033 1890 Istanbul, Kazlıçeşme Weaving Mill

45 001 1890 Manisa, Flour Mill and Pasta Factory

34 034 Late 1890s Istanbul, Çifte Arslan Bread Factory

34 035 1891 Istanbul, Hasanpaşa Gasworks

34 036 1891 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe-Hereke Weaving Mill

34 037 1893 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Sawm ill

34 038 1893 Istanbul, Foti Kendros Brickworks

34 039 1894 Istanbul, İstinye Lineros Lime Plant

34 040 1894 Istanbul, Üsküdar Disinfection House

01 003 1895 Adana, Régie Company Tobacco Factory

34 041 1895 Istanbul, Matbaa-i Bahriye

34 042 1895 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spermaceti Processing Plant

34 043 1895 Istanbul, Rebul Pharmacy

34 044 1895 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Undershirt Factory

34 045 1896 Istanbul, Göksu Mill

34 046 1897 Istanbul, Küçükçekmece Match Factory

16 006 19th century Bursa, Romangal Factory

67 001 Late 19th century Zonguldak Coal Enterprises

10 002 Late 19th century Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Anadolu Group – Ana Gıda: Kom ili Olive Oil Factory

34 047 Pre-1900 Istanbul, Göksu Brick and Roof Tile Factory

01 004 1900 Adana, Alman Fabrikası (The German Factory) (DLBG - Deutche Levantanische Boumwole Gesellschaft)

34 048 1900 Istanbul, Tuzla Petodi Brickworks

34 049 1900 Istanbul, Üsküdar Power Station

01 005 1902 Adana, Salih Efendi Flour Mill

34 050 1902 Istanbul, Bomonti Brewery

34 051 1902 Istanbul, Cendere Water Pumping Station

34 052 1902 Istanbul, Umuryeri Lime Plant

64 001 1902 Uşak, Yılancızadeler ile Bacakzadeler Spinning Mills

34 053 1903 Istanbul K. Yorgi Pagapulo Canning Factory

34 054 1903 Istanbul, İbrahim Ethem (Ulugay) Pharmaceutical Factory

35 002 1905 İzm ir, Gasworks

64 002 1905 Uşak, Bıçakçızade Biraderler ve Mehmet Zeki Kumpanyası Spinning Mill

01 006 1907 Adana, National Textile Factory (Simonoğlu Factory)

10 003 1908 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Sızma Han Oil Factory

34 055 1908 Istanbul, Çubuklu Soda Factory

35 003 1908 İzm ir, Tuzakoğlu Flour Mill

34 056 1910 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Çukurçayır Brick and Roof Tile Factory

34 057 1911 Istanbul, Bluementhal Record and Gramophone Factory

41 003 1911 Kocaeli, Darıca, Aslan Cement Plant

09 001 1912 Aydın, Bomonti-Nektar Brewing Company

34 058 1912 Istanbul, İstinye Shipyard

34 059 1912 Istanbul, Yaşarzade Hasan Hüsnü Effendi Brickworks

34 060 1912 Istanbul, Maltepe Spinning Mill

34 061 Pre-1913 Istanbul, Kadıköy Winery

34 062 1913 Istanbul, Silahtarağa Power Station

34 063 1913 Istanbul, Şişli Bread Factory

34 064 1913 Istanbul, Stelyanidi Brickworks

10 004 1914 Balıkesir, Ayvalık Sezai Ömer Madra Olive Oil Factory and Soap Manufactory

54 001 1914 Sakarya, Adapazarı Başak Tractors

34 065 1914 Istanbul, Haliç, Karaağaç Artillery Fuse Factory

34 066 Pre-1915 Istanbul, Tiryandafilopulos Yorgi Mill

34 067 Pre-1915 Istanbul, Tuzla İstren Osmanlı (the Ottoman) Cement Products Factory

09 002 1915 Aydın, Bilal Soap Company

34 068 1915 Istanbul, Sabuncuzade Şakir Soap Factory

35 004 1916 İzm ir, Turan Turyağ Factory

34 069 1917 Istanbul, Bakırköy Distillery

34 070 Pre-1918 Istanbul, Haznedar Brickworks

01 007 1918 Adana, Glass Factory

01 008 1918 Adana, Gulbenkian Factory (Sapmazlar Ginneries)

34 071 1919 Istanbul, Abdi İbrahim Pharmaceutical Lab

34 072 1919 Istanbul, Bayrakçı Flag Factory

06 001 1920 Ankara, Yüniş Textile Factory

34 073 1922 Istanbul, Diesel Fuel Refinery

35 005 1922 İzm ir, Piyale Pasta Factory

34 074 Pre-1923 Istanbul, Mauser Rifle Cartridge Factory

01 009 1923 Adana, Cumhuriyet (The Republic) Flour and Cotton Ginning Mill34 075 1923 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spirits and Alcoholic Beverages Factory

34 076 1923 Istanbul, Sütlüce Slaughter House

06 002 1924 Ankara, Gazi Small Arms Ammunition Factory

06 003 1924 Ankara, Light Weapons and Light Artilleries Repair Workhops, Cartridge and

06 004 1924 Ankara, Kayaş Percussion Cap Factory

32 001 1924 Isparta, Spinning Mill

16 007 1925 Bursa, Weaving and Knitting Mill (İpekiş)

16 008 1925 Bursa Canning Factory

17 002 1925 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Yunatçılar Winery

20 001 1925 Denizli, Şemsi Terakki Tanning and Trade Corporation

22 001 1925 Edirne, Dönertaş (Fındıklıyan) Flour Mill

26 001 1925 Eskişehir, Air Supply and Maintenance Center

34 077 1925 Istanbul, Cav Bicycle Factory

34 078 1925 Istanbul, Nem lizade Tobacco Warehouse

06 005 1926 Ankara, Cement Plant

34 079 1926 Istanbul, State Heroin Factory

38 001 1926 Kayseri Aircraft Factory

38 002 1926 Kayseri, Bünyan Carpet Weaving Mill

39 001 1926 Kırklareli, Alpullu Sugar Mill

41 004 1926 Kocaeli, Gölcük Naval Shipyard

43 001 1926 Kütahya, Sümerbank Brick and Roof Tile Factory

64 003 1926 Uşak Sugar Mill

13 001 1927 Bitlis Cigarette Factory

17 003 1927 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Ataol (Old) Winery

25 001 1927 Erzurum , Evyap Soap Factory

26 002 1927 Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Brick and Roof Tile Factory

32 002 1927 Isparta, Yalvaç Old Leather Factory

34 080 1927 Istanbul, Nestlè Factory

06 006 1928 Ankara, Power Station and Natural Gas Processing Plant

71 001 1928 Kırıkkale Power Plant and Steelworks

71 002 1928 Kırıkkale Pirinç Factory (bullet manufacturing)

01 010 1929 Adana Elektrik T.A.Ş. (Adana Electricity Corporation)

10 005 1929 Bandırma, Old Power Station

17 004 1929 Çanakkale, Kızlı Sardalya (a type of sardine) Factory

34 081 1929 Istanbul, Beşiktaş Astro Tobacco Factory

34 082 1929 Istanbul, Ford Automobile Assembly Plant

34 083 1929 Istanbul, Yunus Cement Plant

71 003 1929 Kırıkkale Ammunition Factory

57 001 1929 Sinop, Ayancık Sawm ill

22 002 1930 Edirne Power Station

34 084 1930 Istanbul, Mecidiyeköy Liqueur and Brandy Distillery

59 001 1931 Tekirdağ Distillery

21 001 1933 Diyarbakır Distillery

34 085 1933 Istanbul, Göksu Rope Factory

34 086 1933 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Cement Plant

06 007 1934 Ankara Brewery

06 008 1934 Ankara Wheat Silos

16 009 1934 Bursa Dairy Factory (Sayas)

26 003 1934 Eskişehir Wheat Silos

26 004 1934 Eskişehir Sugar Mill

34 087 1934 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Glass Plant

38 003 1934 Kayseri, Sümerbank Textile Factory and Employee Housings

42 001 1934 Konya Wheat Silos

58 001 1934 Sivas Wheat Silos

60 001 1934 Tokat, Turhal Sugar Mill

06 009 1935 Ankara, Mamak Gas Mask Factory

06 010 1935 Ankara Sugar Mill

08 001 1935 Artvin, Murgul Copper Processing Plant

09 003 1935 Aydın, Nazilli Sümerbank Textile Factory

23 001 1935 Elazığ Etibank Keban Galena Processing Plant

32 003 1935 Isparta, The First Rose Oil Factory

32 004 1935 Isparta, Rose Oil Factory

32 005 1935 Isparta, Keçiborlu Sulphur Plant

33 002 1935 Mersin, Sümerbank Textile Factory

67 002 1935 Zonguldak Hard Coal Factory

23 002 1936 Elazığ, Etibank Şarkkrom ları – Ferrokrom (East Chrom ium Ores – Ferrochrome) Processing

71 004 1936 Kırıkkale Gunpowder, Rifle and Artillery Factories

41 005 1936 İzm it, Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill

67 003 1936 Zonguldak Anthracite Factory

16 010 1937 Bursa, Gem lik Artificial Silk Mill

16 011 1937 Bursa, Yalova, Tolon Factory (a textile machinery factory)

34 088 1937 Istanbul, Nuri Dem irağ Aircraft Factory

42 002 1937 Konya, Ereğli Sümerbank Textile Factory

16 012 1938 Bursa, Sümerbank Merino Wool Manufacturing Plant

28 001 1938 Giresun, Fiskobirlik Integrated Hazelnut Processing Facilities

34 089 1938 Istanbul, Nuri Killigil Arms Manufacturing Plant

48 001 1938 Muğla, Bodrum Sponge Fishing Workshops

76 001 1938 Iğdır Spinning Mill

41 006 1938 İzm it Picric Acid Manufacturing Plant

44 001 1939 Malatya, Sümerbank Cotton Textile Industries

44 002 1939 Malatya Cigarette Factory

58 002 1939 Sivas, TÜDEMSAŞ (Turkish Railways Machines Industry Inc.)59 002 1939 Tekirdağ Winery

78 001 1939 Karabük Iron and Steel Pipe Manufacturing Plants and Coke Plants

34 090 1941 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Ceram ic Factory

41 007 1941 Kocaeli, Kaolinite Plant

06 011 1942 Ankara, THK (Turkish Air Force) Etimesgut Aircraft Factory

58 003 1943 Sivas Cement Plant

23 003 1944 Elazığ Winery

41 008 1944 İzm it, The Second Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill

41 009 1945 Kocaeli Chlorine and Caustic Soda Plant

37 001 1947 Kastamonu, Taşköprü Hemp Processing Plant

53 001 1947 Rize Tea Factory

34 091 1949 Istanbul, Topkapı, General Electric Lighting (Light Bulb) Factory (Getaş)

06 012 1950 Ankara, TürkTraktör (a manufacturer in the automotive industry) Factory35 006 1950 İzm ir, Çimentaş Cement Plant

22 003 1950s Edirne, Nafiz Trakya Roof Tile and Brick Factory

01 011 1951 Adana, Paksoy Soap and Vegetable Oil Factory

01 012 1951 Adana, Bossa Textile Corporation

17 005 1951 Çanakkale, AKFA Tomato Paste Factory

34 092 1951 Istanbul, Bodur-Eğinlioğlu Edirnekapı Cotton Mill

54 002 1951 Sakarya, Adapazarı Railroad Coach Factory (Tuvasaş)

34 093 1952 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Modern Pharmaceutical Plant

34 094 1952 Istanbul, Haliç Fener Manufacturing Plant, Alibeyköy Paint Factory

34 095 1952 Istanbul, Unilever - İş Bakırköy Sana (a Turkish margarine brand) Factory

34 096 1952 Istanbul, Kartal Vinyl Floor Tile Factory

54 003 1952 Sakarya, Adapazarı Sugar Mill

01 013 1953 Adana Akdeniz Textile Factory

05 001 1953 Amasya Sugar Mill

10 006 1953 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Kırlangıç Olive Oil Factory

20 002 1953 Denizli, Sümerbank Textile Factory

20 003 1953 Denizli, Babadağ Zorlu Textiles

34 097 1953 Istanbul, Kilim Kartaltepe Textile Factories

35 007 1953 İzm ir, Bornova Dyo Paint Factory

38 004 1953 Kayseri Orta Anadolulu Textile Factory

06 013 1954 Ankara, Gazi TürkTraktör

09 004 1954 Aydın Textile Factory

21 002 1954 Diyarbakır, Sümerbank Carpet (Serge) Factory

32 006 1954 Isparta, İslamköy (Gülbirlik) Rose Oil Factory

34 098 1954 Istanbul, Particle Board Manufacturing Plant

34 099 1954 Istanbul, Squibb Pharmaceutical Plant

41 010 1954 İzm it, The Third Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill

43 002 1954 Kütahya Sugar Mill

34 100 1954 Istanbul, Topkapı, Marshall Paint Factory

72 001 1955 Batman Refinery

41 011 1955 Gebze, Turkish Automotive Industry (TOE)

35 008 1955 İzm ir, Gaziem ir Precast Concrete Plant

41 012 1955 Kocaeli Metal Pipe Manufacturing Plant

34 101 1955 İstanbul, Sütlüce, Arçelik Home Appliances Plant

01 014 1956 Adana, Çukobirlik Textile Factory

07 001 1956 Antalya, Kepez Spinning and Cotton Mill

11 001 1956 Bilecik, Bilkon Canning Factory

23 004 1956 Elazığ, Sugar Mill

24 001 1956 Erzincan, Sugar Mill

25 002 1956 Erzurum , Sugar Mill

34 102 1956 Istanbul, Bitlis Group (POLİSAN) Paint and Finish Factory

34 103 1956 Istanbul, Akın Textile Factory

01 015 1957 Adana Çimento Sanayi T.A.Ş (Adana Cement Corporation)

07 002 1957 Antalya, Ferrochrome Plant

17 006 1957 Çanakkale, Gelibolu Kale Seram ik (ceram ic factory)

33 003 1957 Mersin Ataş Anadolu Refinery

20 004 1958 Denizli Textile Factory

34 104 1958 Istanbul, Halkalı, Asian Side, Borusan Boru Sanayi A.Ş. (Borusan Pipe Industry Inc.)

34 105 1958 Istanbul, Aksan Metal Processing Plant

41 013 1959 Kocaeli Çayırova Ford Otosan (automotive) Assembly Plant

34 106 1960 Istanbul, Ram i Topçular, Alarko Air Conditioner Manufacturing Plant

28 002 1960 Giresun, Tirebolu Tea Factory

67 004 1960 Zonguldak, Ereğli Iron and Steel Plants (Erdem ir)

41 014 1961 Çayırova Flat Glass Manufacturing Plant

26 005 1961 Eskişehir Turkish State Railways Factory � TÜLOMSAŞ41 015 1961 Kocaeli, The Fourth SEKA Paper Mill

41 016 1961 Kocaeli, Goodyear Tire Manufacturing Plant

43 003 1961 Kütahya, Fertilizer Plant (TÜGSAŞ) and Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant (İGSAŞ) (fertilizer production)

14 001 1962 Bolu Form ica Manufacturing Plant

17 007 1962 Çanakkale, Tekel, Wine and Brandy Distillery

35 009 1962 İzm ir, Çamdibi Plastic Pipe Manufacturing Plant

41 017 1962 İzm it, Aygaz Yarımca Gas Filling Facility

41 018 1962 Kocaeli, Köseköy, Pirelli Tire Manufacturing Plant

09 005 1963 Aydın, Söke Flour Mill

34 107 1963 Istanbul, Ataşehir Genoto Truck Manufacturing Plant

54 004 1963 Adapazarı, Royal Tire Manufacturing Plant

07 003 1964 Antalya, Guayul Natural Rubber Processing Plant

10 007 1964 Balıkesir, Bandırma, Etibank Boron and Acid Factories

41 019 1964 İzm it, Tekfen � Philips Light Bulb Factory

34 108 1964 İstanbul İstanbul Meşrubat Sanayi � İMSA (Istanbul Beverage Corporation) Coca Cola Factory

34 109 1965 Istanbul, Uçar Toys

61 001 1965 Trabzon, Aşkale Cement Plant

16 013 1966 Bursa Cement Plant

34 110 1966 Istanbul, Anadol Automobile Factory (Otosan Corporation)

41 020 1966 İzm it, Yarımca Petrochem icals Complex

41 021 1966 Kocaeli, Nuh Çimento (Nuh Cement)

41 022 1966 Kocaeli, Çayırova Arçelik Washing Machine Factory

02 001 1967 Adıyaman, Sümerbank Spinning Mill

16 014 1967 Bursa, Bisaş Spinning Mill and Textile Factory

31 001 1967 İskenderun Iron and Steel Plant

34 111 1967 Istanbul, Maltepe Cigarette Factory

35 010 1967 İzm ir, Screw and Nut Manufacturing Plant

41 023 1967 Kocaeli, Kartonsan (coated cardboard manufacturing) Factory

16 015 1968 Bursa, Tofaş Automobile Factory

34 112 1968 Istanbul, Özarar Crane Manufacturing Plant

34 113 1968 Istanbul, Mercedes-Benz Türk Hoşdere Bus Plant and Aksaray Truck Plant

35 011 1968 İzm ir Coca Cola Factory

36 001 1968 Kars Dairy Factory

34 114 1969 Istanbul, Pendik Shipyard and Heavy Industry Works

34 115 1969 Istanbul, Merter Vakko Factory

41 024 1969 Kocaeli, Gebze Corrugated Board Plant

41 025 1969 Trakya Sanayi (RABAK) Copper, Steel and Alum inum Plant

16 016 1969 Bursa, Oyak Renault Automobile Factories

17 008 1970 Çanakkale, İÇDAŞ Steel, Energy Shipbuilding and Transportation Industry Inc.

23 005 1970 Elazığ Superphosphate Plant

28 003 1970 Giresun, Aksu SEKA Paper Mill

41 026 1970 İzm it, Nasaş Alum inum Plant

41 027 1970 Kocaeli, Gebze, Nasaş Alum inum Plant

41 028 1970 Kocaeli, Yarımca, PETKİM – Oil Refinery

77 001 1970 Yalova, İpek Paper Mill

25 003 1971 Erzurum Aşkale Cement Plant

48 002 1971 Muğla, Dalaman SEKA Paper Mill

41 029 1971 İGSAŞ Fertilizer Plant

17 009 1972 Çanakkale, Biga, DOĞTAŞ Furniture Manufacturing Plant

20 005 1972 Denizli, Textile Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Factory

34 116 1972 Istanbul, Esaş Transformer Factory

35 012 1972 İzm ir, Aliağa Oil Refinery

59 003 1972 Tekirdağ, Profilo Telra (television) Factory

20 006 1973 Denizli Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry Inc. (Denizli Printed Cotton Textile Factory)

34 117 1973 Istanbul, Alarko Alamsaş (Heavy Equipment Industry Inc.) Plant

03 001 1974 Afyonkarahisar Sugar Mill

14 002 1974 Bolu Cement Plant

16 017 1974 Bursa, Yalova Cotton Mill

42 003 1974 Konya, Etibank Seydişehir Alum inum Plant

43 004 1974 Kütahya Porselen (Porcelain) Factory

47 001 1974 Mardin, Mazıdağı Phosphate Plant

04 014 1975 Ankara, TÜMOSAN (Engine and Tractor Co.) Factory

14 003 1975 Bolu, Gerede, GERKONSAN Steel Construction Plant

20 007 1975 Denizli, (Dunapack) Dentaş Packaging and Paper Industry Inc., Corrugated Board Plant

38 005 1975 Kayseri, TAKSAN (Machine Tools Industries and Trade Company)

40 001 1976 Kırşehir, PETLAS Tire Manufacturing Plant

43 005 1976 Kütahya, Kümaş Manyezit (Magnesite) Plant

06 015 1977 Ankara, TEMSAN (General Directorate of Turkish Electromechanics Industry)

11 002 1977 Bilecik, Bozüyük Eczacıbaşı VitrA Plant

34 118 1977 Istanbul, Raff Military Textiles (army and police uniforms, accessories and equipments)

41 030 1977 Kocaeli, Körfez, İGSAŞ (fertilizer plant)

41 031 1977 Kocaeli, Lassa Tire Manufacturing Plant

77 002 1977 Yalova, Akkim Construction Chem icals Manufacturing Plant

34 119 1978 Istanbul, Royal Conta (gasket) Factory

11 003 1979 Bilecik, Bozüyük Artema Eczacıbaşı Plant (sanitary fittings and valves manufacturing)

35 013 1980 İzm ir, Sinem Toys03 002 1981 Afyonkarahisar, Bolvadin, Alkaloid Factory

06 016 1981 Ankara TESTAŞ (Turkish Electronics Industry and Trade Corp.) Factory

43 006 1981 Kütahya ETİ GÜMÜŞ Silver Mining, Processing and Storage Plant

17 010 1982 Çanakkale, Biga Sümerbank Synthetic Leather Factory

34 120 1982 Istanbul, Pendik-Sulzer Engine Manufacturing Plant

41 032 1983 Kocaeli Tüpraş Turkish Oil Refineries

34 121 1984 Istanbul, Anadolu İsuzu Factory (truck manufacturing)

06 017 1985 Ankara, TUSAŞ Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc.

41 033 1987 Kocaeli, Gebze Onko & Koçsel Pharmaceutical Plant

43 007 1989 Kütahya, Güral Porselen (Porcelain) Factory

43 008 1989 Kütahya Seram ik (Ceram ic) Factory

16 018 1990 Bursa, İznik, Borçelik (a steel producer)

06 018 1991 Ankara, Roketsan (rockets and m issiles) Factory

39 002 1992 Lüleburgaz, Eczacıbaşı Pharmaceutical Complex

54 005 1992 Sakarya, Arifiye, Toyotosa Automotive Manufacturing Plant (produces Corolla and Verso lines)

54 006 1994 Sakarya, Toprak Pharmaceuticals Factory

34 122 1995 Istanbul, Gön Leather Factory

48 003 1995 Muğla, Datça Olive Oil Factory (Olive Farm)

59 004 1995 Tekirdağ, ATK Textile Factory

06 019 1997 Ankara, Doğan Printing Center (DPC)

41 034 1997 Gebze, Şekerpınar, Honda Turkey Factory

41 035 1997 İzm it, Hyundai Assan Automotive Manufacturing Plant

59 005 1997 Tekirdağ, Çorlu, Migiboy Textile Factory

41 036 2000 Kocaeli, Gebze, Alarko Carrier Industry Main Plant

45 002 2003 Manisa, Vestel City Digital Technologies and Software Development Center

58 004 2005 Sivas Intraocular and Contact Lens Manufacturing Plant

22 004 2006 Edirne, İpekyol Textile Factory

43 009 2009 Kütahya Solar Panel Factory

06 020 2014 Ankara, AB-Mikro Nano Commercial Chip Factory

1923-1949

1950-1979

1980-2016

1800-1823

FACTORIES SORTED BY YEAR

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

TEKİRDAĞ

İSTANBUL

YALOVA

KIRKLARELİ

EDİRNE

ÇANAKKALE

BALIKESİR

BURSA

SAKARYA

DÜZCE

BOLU

BİLECİK

ESKİŞEHİR

ANKARA

KONYA

ISPARTA

AFYONKARAHİSAR

KÜTAHYA

UŞAK

MANİSA

İZMİR

AYDIN

MUĞLA

DENİZLİ

BURDUR

ANTALYA KARAMAN

MERSİN

ADANA

HATAY

OSMANİYE

KİLİS

GAZİANTEPŞANLIURFA

MARDİN

BATMAN

DİYARBAKIR

ELAZIĞ

BİNGÖLMUŞ

BİTLİS

SİİRT

ŞIRNAK

HAKKARİ

VAN

AĞRI

IĞDIR

KARS

ARDAHAN

ERZURUM

ARTVİNRİZETRABZON

BAYBURTGÜMÜŞHANE

ERZİNCAN

TUNCELİ

SİVAS

MALATYA

KAHRAMANMARAŞADIYAMAN

KAYSERİ

NİĞDE

AKSARAY

NEVŞEHİR

KIRŞEHİR

YOZGAT

KIRIKKALE

ÇORUM

ÇANKIRI

ZONGULDAKKARABÜK

BARTINKASTAMONU SİNOP

SAMSUN

AMASYA

TOKAT

ORDU

GİRESUN

KOCAELİ41

54

11

26

78

67

18

37 57

55

19

05

60

52

28

29

24

62

23

02

47

63

27

79

31

01

51

50

46

80

44

4912

21

72

13

56

65

73

30

61

69

53

25

04

36

08

75

76

66

38

58

40

74

7106

16

10

45

35

64

20

09

48

15

07

32

03

42

70

33

68

43

17

59

39

22

81

14

34

77

KOCAELİ41

SAKARYA54

BİLECİK11

ESKİŞEHİR26

KARABÜK78

ZONGULDAK67

ÇANKIRI18

KASTAMONU37

SİNOP57

SAMSUN55ÇORUM19

AMASYA05

TOKAT60

ORDU52

GİRESUN28

GÜMÜŞHANE29

ERZİNCAN24

TUNCELİ62

ELAZIĞ23

ADIYAMAN02 MARDİN47

ŞANLIURFA63GAZİANTEP27

KİLİS79

HATAY31

ADANA01

LIST OF PROVINCES

NİĞDE51

NEVŞEHİR50

KAHRAMANMARAŞ46

OSMANİYE80MALATYA44

MUŞ49

BİNGÖL12 DİYARBAKIR21

BATMAN72

BİTLİS13

SİİRT56 VAN65

ŞIRNAK73

HAKKARİ30

TRABZON61

BAYBURT69

RİZE53

ERZURUM25

AĞRI04

KARS36

ARTVİN08

ARDAHAN75

IĞDIR76

YOZGAT66

KAYSERİ38

SİVAS58KIRŞEHİR40

BARTIN74

KIRIKKALE71

ANKARA06

BURSA16

BALIKESİR10

MANİSA45

İZMİR35

UŞAK64

DENİZLİ20

AYDIN09

MUĞLA48

BURDUR15

ANTALYA07

ISPARTA32

AFYONKARAHİSAR03

KONYA42

KARAMAN70

MERSİN33

AKSARAY68

KÜTAHYA43

ÇANAKKALE17

TEKİRDAĞ59

KIRKLARELİ39

EDİRNE22

DÜZCE81

BOLU14

İSTANBUL34

YALOVA77

This research is prepared for the

3rd Istanbul Design BiennialARE WE HUMAN?The Design of the Species2 seconds, 2 days, 2 years, 200 years, 200,000 years

by Moira Valeri (coordinator), Burçin Başyazıcı, Evin Eriş, Meliha Çağlayan İnce, Şafak Cudi İnce, Fabio Salomoni, Merve Taşlıoğlu, Nur Elif Yurdaçalış

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KOCAELİ41

SAKARYA54

BİLECİK11

KARABÜK78

KASTAMONU37

SİNOP57

SAMSUN55

AMASYA05

TOKAT60

ORDU52

TUNCELİ62

MARDİN47

ŞANLIURFA63

KİLİS79

ADANA01

NİĞDE51

NEVŞEHİR50

KAHRAMANMARAŞ46

OSMANİYE80

MUŞ49

BİNGÖL12

BİTLİS13

SİİRT56

ŞIRNAK73

TRABZON61

RİZE53

AĞRI04

ARTVİN08

ARDAHAN75

IĞDIR76

KAYSERİ38

SİVAS58

KIRŞEHİR40

BARTIN74

ANKARA06

BURSA16

BALIKESİR10

AYDIN09

MUĞLA48

BURDUR15

ANTALYA07

ÇANAKKALE17

TEKİRDAĞ59

KIRKLARELİ39 DÜZCE81

BOLU14

YALOVA77

ADIYAMAN02

AFYONKARAHİSAR03

01 001 Adana, Cotton Ginning Mill01 002 Adana, Hazar Naşiyan Factory01 003 Adana, Régie Company Tobacco Factory01 004 Adana, Alman Fabrikası (The German Factory) (DLBG - Deutche Levantanische Boumwole Gesellschaft)01 005 Adana, Salih Efendi Flour Mill01 006 Adana, National Textile Factory (Simonoğlu Factory)01 007 Adana, Glass Factory01 008 Adana, Gulbenkian Factory (Sapmazlar Ginneries)01 009 Adana, Cumhuriyet (The Republic) Flour and Cotton Ginning Mill01 010 Adana Elektrik T.A.Ş. (Adana Electricity Corporation) 01 011 Adana, Paksoy Soap and Vegetable Oil Factory01 012 Adana, Bossa Textile Corporation01 013 Adana Akdeniz Textile Factory01 014 Adana, Çukobirlik Textile Factory01 015 Adana Çimento Sanayi T.A.Ş (Adana Cement Corporation)

02 001 Adıyaman, Sümerbank Spinning Mill

05 001 Amasya Sugar Mill

07 001 Antalya, Kepez Spinning and Cotton Mill07 002 Antalya, Ferrochrome Plant07 003 Antalya, Guayul Natural Rubber Processing Plant

08 001 Artvin, Murgul Copper Processing Plant

09 001 Aydın, Bomonti-Nektar Brewing Company09 002 Aydın, Bilal Soap Company09 003 Aydın, Nazilli Sümerbank Textile Factory09 004 Aydın Textile Factory09 005 Aydın, Söke Flour Mill

10 001 Balıkesir, Edrem it, Kom ili Olive Oil Factory 10 002 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Anadolu Group – Ana Gıda: Kom ili Olive Oil Factory10 003 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Sızma Han Oil Factory10 004 Balıkesir, Ayvalık Sezai Ömer Madra Olive Oil Factory and Soap Manufactory10 005 Bandırma, Old Power Station10 006 Balıkesir, Ayvalık, Kırlangıç Olive Oil Factory10 007 Balıkesir, Bandırma, Etibank Boron and Acid Factories

11 001 Bilecik, Bilkon Canning Factory11 002 Bilecik, Bozüyük Eczacıbaşı VitrA Plant11 003 Bilecik, Bozüyük Artema Eczacıbaşı Plant (sanitary fittings and valves manufacturing)

13 001 Bitlis Cigarette Factory

14 001 Bolu Form ica Manufacturing Plant14 002 Bolu Cement Plant14 003 Bolu, Gerede, GERKONSAN Steel Construction Plant

16 001 Bursa, Orhaneli, Chrom ite Mine16 002 Bursa, Fabrika-i Hümayun (The Imperial Factory) (silk m ill)16 003 Bursa, David Saban Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)16 004 Bursa, İshak İskender Factory (silk m ill)16 005 Bursa, Muis ve Savuk Kardeşler Factory (silk m ill)16 006 Bursa, Romangal Factory 16 007 Bursa, Weaving and Knitting Mill (İpekiş)16 008 Bursa Canning Factory16 009 Bursa Dairy Factory (Sayas)16 010 Bursa, Gem lik Artificial Silk Mill16 011 Bursa, Yalova, Tolon Factory (a textile machinery factory)16 012 Bursa, Sümerbank Merino Wool Manufacturing Plant16 013 Bursa Cement Plant16 014 Bursa, Bisaş Spinning Mill and Textile Factory16 015 Bursa, Tofaş Automobile Factory16 016 Bursa, Oyak Renault Automobile Factories16 017 Bursa, Yalova Cotton Mill16 018 Bursa, İznik, Borçelik (a steel producer)

KARS36

İZMİR35

ISPARTA32

MERSİN33

İSTANBUL34

32 001 Isparta, Spinning Mill32 002 Isparta, Yalvaç Old Leather Factory32 003 Isparta, The First Rose Oil Factory32 004 Isparta, Rose Oil Factory32 005 Isparta, Keçiborlu Sulphur Plant32 006 Isparta, İslamköy (Gülbirlik) Rose Oil Factory

33 001 Mersin, Mavromati Cotton Ginning Mill33 002 Mersin, Sümerbank Textile Factory33 003 Mersin Ataş Anadolu Refinery

34 001 Istanbul, Üsküdar Printing House34 002 Istanbul, Beykoz Hünkar Dock Paper Mill34 003 Istanbul, Beykoz Leather and Footwear Factory34 004 Istanbul, Eyüp İplikhane-i Am ire (The Imperial Spinning Mill in Eyüp)34 005 Istanbul, Feshane-i Am ire (The Imperial Fez Factory)34 006 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Salt Warehouse34 007 Istanbul, Beykoz Ceram ic Glaze and Crystal Factory34 008 Istanbul, Çubuklu Glass Factory 34 009 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Iron and Steel Plant34 010 Istanbul, Büyükada Flour Mill34 011 Istanbul, Bakırköy Textile Factory34 012 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Gasworks34 013 Istanbul, Üsküdar Suma Distillery34 014 Istanbul, Paşalimanı Flour Mill34 015 Istanbul, Hasköy Şirket-i Hayriye Shipyard34 016 Istanbul, Nakkaştepe Gasworks34 017 Istanbul, Polizo ve Leko Pasta Factory34 018 Istanbul, Unkapanı Flour Mill34 019 Istanbul, Üsküdar Çıknavoryan Mahdum ları Biscuit Factory 34 020 Istanbul, Üsküdar, Şemsipaşa Tobacco Factory34 021 Istanbul, Yedikule Gasworks34 022 Istanbul, Şahbaz Agiya Brickworks34 023 Istanbul, Seferoğlu, Rolling Paper Factory34 024 Istanbul, Terkos Water Pumping Station34 025 Istanbul, Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory34 026 Istanbul, Modiano Glass Factory34 027 Istanbul, Kasımpaşa Flour Mill34 028 Istanbul, Yedikule Spinning Mill34 029 Istanbul, Ahmet İhsan Printing House34 030 Istanbul, Beykoz Ham idiye Paper Mill34 031 Istanbul, Osman Bey Printing House34 032 Istanbul, Yıldız Çini Fabrika-i Hümayunu 34 033 Istanbul, Kazlıçeşme Weaving Mill34 034 Istanbul, Çifte Arslan Bread Factory34 035 Istanbul, Hasanpaşa Gasworks34 036 Istanbul, Dolmabahçe-Hereke Weaving Mill34 037 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Sawm ill34 038 Istanbul, Foti Kendros Brickworks34 039 Istanbul, İstinye Lineros Lime Plant34 040 Istanbul, Üsküdar Disinfection House 34 041 Istanbul, Matbaa-i Bahriye 34 042 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spermaceti Processing Plant34 043 Istanbul, Rebul Pharmacy34 044 Istanbul, Ahırkapı Undershirt Factory34 045 Istanbul, Göksu Mill34 046 Istanbul, Küçükçekmece Match Factory34 047 Istanbul, Göksu Brick and Roof Tile Factory34 048 Istanbul, Tuzla Petodi Brickworks34 049 Istanbul, Üsküdar Power Station34 050 Istanbul, Bomonti Brewery34 051 Istanbul, Cendere Water Pumping Station34 052 Istanbul, Umuryeri Lime Plant34 053 Istanbul K. Yorgi Pagapulo Canning Factory34 054 Istanbul, İbrahim Ethem (Ulugay) Pharmaceutical Factory34 055 Istanbul, Çubuklu Soda Factory34 056 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Çukurçayır Brick and Roof Tile Factory34 057 Istanbul, Bluementhal Record and Gramophone Factory34 058 Istanbul, İstinye Shipyard34 059 Istanbul, Yaşarzade Hasan Hüsnü Effendi Brickworks34 060 Istanbul, Maltepe Spinning Mill34 061 Istanbul, Kadıköy Winery34 062 Istanbul, Silahtarağa Power Station34 063 Istanbul, Şişli Bread Factory34 064 Istanbul, Stelyanidi Brickworks34 065 Istanbul, Haliç, Karaağaç Artillery Fuse Factory34 066 Istanbul, Tiryandafilopulos Yorgi Mill34 067 Istanbul, Tuzla İstren Osmanlı (the Ottoman) Cement Products Factory34 068 Istanbul, Sabuncuzade Şakir Soap Factory34 069 Istanbul, Bakırköy Distillery34 070 Istanbul, Haznedar Brickworks34 071 Istanbul, Abdi İbrahim Pharmaceutical Lab34 072 Istanbul, Bayrakçı Flag Factory34 073 Istanbul, Diesel Fuel Refinery34 074 Istanbul, Mauser Rifle Cartridge Factory34 075 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Spirits and Alcoholic Beverages Factory34 076 Istanbul, Sütlüce Slaughter House34 077 Istanbul, Cav Bicycle Factory34 078 Istanbul, Nem lizade Tobacco Warehouse34 079 Istanbul, State Heroin Factory34 080 Istanbul, Nestlè Factory34 081 Istanbul, Beşiktaş Astro Tobacco Factory34 082 Istanbul, Ford Automobile Assembly Plant34 083 Istanbul, Yunus Cement Plant34 084 Istanbul, Mecidiyeköy Liqueur and Brandy Distillery34 085 Istanbul, Göksu Rope Factory34 086 Istanbul, Zeytinburnu Cement Plant34 087 Istanbul, Paşabahçe Glass Plant34 088 Istanbul, Nuri Dem irağ Aircraft Factory34 089 Istanbul, Nuri Killigil Arms Manufacturing Plant34 090 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Ceram ic Factory34 091 Istanbul, Topkapı, General Electric Lighting (Light Bulb) Factory (Getaş)34 092 Istanbul, Bodur-Eğinlioğlu Edirnekapı Cotton Mill34 093 Istanbul, Eczacıbaşı Modern Pharmaceutical Plant34 094 Istanbul, Haliç Fener Manufacturing Plant, Alibeyköy Paint Factory34 095 Istanbul, Unilever - İş Bakırköy Sana (a Turkish margarine brand) Factory34 096 Istanbul, Kartal Vinyl Floor Tile Factory34 097 Istanbul, Kilim Kartaltepe Textile Factories34 098 Istanbul, Particle Board Manufacturing Plant34 099 Istanbul, Squibb Pharmaceutical Plant34 100 Istanbul, Topkapı, Marshall Paint Factory34 101 İstanbul, Sütlüce, Arçelik Home Appliances Plant34 102 Istanbul, Bitlis Group (POLİSAN) Paint and Finish Factory34 103 Istanbul, Akın Textile Factory34 104 Istanbul, Halkalı, Asian Side, Borusan Boru Sanayi A.Ş. (Borusan Pipe Industry Inc.)34 105 Istanbul, Aksan Metal Processing Plant34 106 Istanbul, Ram i Topçular, Alarko Air Conditioner Manufacturing Plant34 107 Istanbul, Ataşehir Genoto Truck Manufacturing Plant34 108 İstanbul İstanbul Meşrubat Sanayi � İMSA (Istanbul Beverage Corporation) Coca Cola Factory 34 109 Istanbul, Uçar Toys34 110 Istanbul, Anadol Automobile Factory (Otosan Corporation)34 111 Istanbul, Maltepe Cigarette Factory34 112 Istanbul, Özarar Crane Manufacturing Plant34 113 Istanbul, Mercedes-Benz Türk Hoşdere Bus Plant and Aksaray Truck Plant34 114 Istanbul, Pendik Shipyard and Heavy Industry Works34 115 Istanbul, Merter Vakko Factory34 116 Istanbul, Esaş Transformer Factory34 117 Istanbul, Alarko Alamsaş (Heavy Equipment Industry Inc.) Plant34 118 Istanbul, Raff Military Textiles (army and police uniforms, accessories and equipments)34 119 Istanbul, Royal Conta (gasket) Factory34 120 Istanbul, Pendik-Sulzer Engine Manufacturing Plant34 121 Istanbul, Anadolu İsuzu Factory (truck manufacturing)34 122 Istanbul, Gön Leather Factory

35 001 İzm ir, Tekel Cigarette Factory35 002 İzm ir, Gasworks35 003 İzm ir, Tuzakoğlu Flour Mill35 004 İzm ir, Turan Turyağ Factory35 005 İzm ir, Piyale Pasta Factory35 006 İzm ir, Çimentaş Cement Plant35 007 İzm ir, Bornova Dyo Paint Factory35 008 İzm ir, Gaziem ir Precast Concrete Plant35 009 İzm ir, Çamdibi Plastic Pipe Manufacturing Plant35 010 İzm ir, Screw and Nut Manufacturing Plant35 011 İzm ir Coca Cola Factory35 012 İzm ir, Aliağa Oil Refinery35 013 İzm ir, Sinem Toys

37 001 Kastamonu, Taşköprü Hemp Processing Plant

38 001 Kayseri Aircraft Factory38 002 Kayseri, Bünyan Carpet Weaving Mill38 003 Kayseri, Sümerbank Textile Factory and Employee Housings38 004 Kayseri Orta Anadolulu Textile Factory38 005 Kayseri, TAKSAN (Machine Tools Industries and Trade Company)

MALATYA44

MANİSA45

KONYA42

KÜTAHYA43

41 018 Kocaeli, Köseköy, Pirelli Tire Manufacturing Plant41 019 İzm it, Tekfen � Philips Light Bulb Factory41 020 İzm it, Yarımca Petrochem icals Complex41 021 Kocaeli, Nuh Çimento (Nuh Cement)41 022 Kocaeli, Çayırova Arçelik Washing Machine Factory41 023 Kocaeli, Kartonsan (coated cardboard manufacturing) Factory41 024 Kocaeli, Gebze Corrugated Board Plant41 025 Trakya Sanayi (RABAK) Copper, Steel and Alum inum Plant41 026 İzm it, Nasaş Alum inum Plant41 027 Kocaeli, Gebze, Nasaş Alum inum Plant41 028 Kocaeli, Yarımca, PETKİM – Oil Refinery41 029 İGSAŞ Fertilizer Plant41 030 Kocaeli, Körfez, İGSAŞ (fertilizer plant)41 031 Kocaeli, Lassa Tire Manufacturing Plant41 032 Kocaeli Tüpraş Turkish Oil Refineries41 033 Kocaeli, Gebze Onko & Koçsel Pharmaceutical Plant41 034 Gebze, Şekerpınar, Honda Turkey Factory41 035 İzm it, Hyundai Assan Automotive Manufacturing Plant41 036 Kocaeli, Gebze, Alarko Carrier Industry Main Plant

42 001 Konya Wheat Silos42 002 Konya, Ereğli Sümerbank Textile Factory42 003 Konya, Etibank Seydişehir Alum inum Plant

48 001 Muğla, Bodrum Sponge Fishing Workshops48 002 Muğla, Dalaman SEKA Paper Mill48 003 Muğla, Datça Olive Oil Factory (Olive Farm)

54 001 Sakarya, Adapazarı Başak Tractors54 002 Sakarya, Adapazarı Railroad Coach Factory (Tuvasaş)54 003 Sakarya, Adapazarı Sugar Mill54 004 Adapazarı, Royal Tire Manufacturing Plant54 005 Sakarya, Arifiye, Toyotosa Automotive Manufacturing Plant (produces Corolla and Verso lines)54 006 Sakarya, Toprak Pharmaceuticals Factory

59 001 Tekirdağ Distillery59 002 Tekirdağ Winery59 003 Tekirdağ, Profilo Telra (television) Factory59 004 Tekirdağ, ATK Textile Factory59 005 Tekirdağ, Çorlu, Migiboy Textile Factory

61 001 Trabzon, Aşkale Cement Plant

ZONGULDAK67

BATMAN72

VAN65

BAYBURT69

YOZGAT66

KIRIKKALE71

UŞAK64

KARAMAN70

AKSARAY68

64 001 Uşak, Yılancızadeler ile Bacakzadeler Spinning Mills64 002 Uşak, Bıçakçızade Biraderler ve Mehmet Zeki Kumpanyası Spinning Mill64 003 Uşak Sugar Mill

67 001 Zonguldak Coal Enterprises67 002 Zonguldak Hard Coal Factory67 003 Zonguldak Anthracite Factory67 004 Zonguldak, Ereğli Iron and Steel Plants (Erdem ir)

71 001 Kırıkkale Power Plant and Steelworks71 002 Kırıkkale Pirinç Factory (bullet manufacturing)71 003 Kırıkkale Ammunition Factory71 004 Kırıkkale Gunpowder, Rifle and Artillery Factories

72 001 Batman Refinery

78 001 Karabük Iron and Steel Pipe Manufacturing Plants and Coke Plants

03 001 Afyonkarahisar Sugar Mill03 002 Afyonkarahisar, Bolvadin, Alkaloid Factory

ESKİŞEHİR26

ÇANKIRI18

ÇORUM19

ERZİNCAN24

ELAZIĞ23

GAZİANTEP27

DİYARBAKIR21

ERZURUM25

DENİZLİ20

EDİRNE22

21 001 Diyarbakır Distillery21 002 Diyarbakır, Sümerbank Carpet (Serge) Factory

22 001 Edirne, Dönertaş (Fındıklıyan) Flour Mill22 002 Edirne Power Station22 003 Edirne, Nafiz Trakya Roof Tile and Brick Factory22 004 Edirne, İpekyol Textile Factory

23 001 Elazığ Etibank Keban Galena Processing Plant23 002 Elazığ, Etibank Şarkkrom ları – Ferrokrom (East Chrom ium Ores – Ferrochrome) Processing 23 003 Elazığ Winery23 004 Elazığ, Sugar Mill23 005 Elazığ Superphosphate Plant

GİRESUN28

GÜMÜŞHANE29

HATAY31

HAKKARİ30

28 001 Giresun, Fiskobirlik Integrated Hazelnut Processing Facilities28 002 Giresun, Tirebolu Tea Factory28 003 Giresun, Aksu SEKA Paper Mill

20 001 Denizli, Şemsi Terakki Tanning and Trade Corporation20 002 Denizli, Sümerbank Textile Factory20 003 Denizli, Babadağ Zorlu Textiles20 004 Denizli Textile Factory20 005 Denizli, Textile Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Factory20 006 Denizli Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry Inc. (Denizli Printed Cotton Textile Factory)20 007 Denizli, (Dunapack) Dentaş Packaging and Paper Industry Inc., Corrugated Board Plant

24 001 Erzincan, Sugar Mill

25 001 Erzurum , Evyap Soap Factory25 002 Erzurum , Sugar Mill25 003 Erzurum Aşkale Cement Plant

26 001 Eskişehir, Air Supply and Maintenance Center26 002 Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Brick and Roof Tile Factory26 003 Eskişehir Wheat Silos26 004 Eskişehir Sugar Mill26 005 Eskişehir,Turkish State Railways Factory � TÜLOMSAŞ

36 001 Kars Dairy Factory

39 001 Kırklareli, Alpullu Sugar Mill39 002 Lüleburgaz, Eczacıbaşı Pharmaceutical Complex

40 001 Kırşehir, PETLAS Tire Manufacturing Plant

41 001 İzm it, Broadcloth Factory41 002 Kocaeli, Hereke Silk Fabric and Carpet Factory41 003 Kocaeli, Darıca, Aslan Cement Plant41 004 Kocaeli, Gölcük Naval Shipyard41 005 İzm it, Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill 41 006 İzm it Picric Acid Manufacturing Plant41 007 Kocaeli, Kaolinite Plant41 008 İzm it, The Second Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill41 009 Kocaeli Chlorine and Caustic Soda Plant41 010 İzm it, The Third Sümerbank Pulp and Paper Mill41 011 Gebze, Turkish Automotive Industry (TOE)41 012 Kocaeli Metal Pipe Manufacturing Plant 41 013 Kocaeli Çayırova Ford Otosan (automotive) Assembly Plant41 014 Çayırova Flat Glass Manufacturing Plant41 015 Kocaeli, The Fourth SEKA Paper Mill41 016 Kocaeli, Goodyear Tire Manufacturing Plant41 017 İzm it, Aygaz Yarımca Gas Filling Facility

43 001 Kütahya, Sümerbank Brick and Roof Tile Factory43 002 Kütahya Sugar Mill43 003 Kütahya, Fertilizer Plant (TÜGSAŞ) and Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant (İGSAŞ) (fertilizer production)43 004 Kütahya Porselen (Porcelain) Factory43 005 Kütahya, Kümaş Manyezit (Magnesite) Plant43 006 Kütahya ETİ GÜMÜŞ Silver Mining, Processing and Storage Plant43 007 Kütahya, Güral Porselen (Porcelain) Factory43 008 Kütahya Seram ik (Ceram ic) Factory43 009 Kütahya Solar Panel Factory

44 001 Malatya, Sümerbank Cotton Textile Industries44 002 Malatya Cigarette Factory

45 001 Manisa, Flour Mill and Pasta Factory45 002 Manisa, Vestel City Digital Technologies and Software Development Center

47 001 Mardin, Mazıdağı Phosphate Plant

17 001 Çanakkale, Acorn (Oak) Warehouses17 002 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Yunatçılar Winery17 003 Çanakkale, Bozcaada Ataol (Old) Winery17 004 Çanakkale, Kızlı Sardalya (a type of sardine) Factory17 005 Çanakkale, AKFA Tomato Paste Factory17 006 Çanakkale, Gelibolu Kale Seram ik (ceram ic factory)17 007 Çanakkale, Tekel, Wine and Brandy Distillery17 008 Çanakkale, İÇDAŞ Steel, Energy Shipbuilding and Transportation Industry Inc. 17 009 Çanakkale, Biga, DOĞTAŞ Furniture Manufacturing Plant17 010 Çanakkale, Biga Sümerbank Synthetic Leather Factory

53 001 Rize Tea Factory

55 001 Samsun, Tekel Tobacco Factory

57 001 Sinop, Ayancık Sawm ill

58 001 Sivas Wheat Silos58 002 Sivas, TÜDEMSAŞ (Turkish Railways Machines Industry Inc.)58 003 Sivas Cement Plant58 004 Sivas Intraocular and Contact Lens Manufacturing Plant

60 001 Tokat, Turhal Sugar Mill

76 001 Iğdır Spinning Mill

77 001 Yalova, İpek Paper Mill77 002 Yalova, Akkim Construction Chem icals Manufacturing Plant

06 001 Ankara, Yüniş Textile Factory06 002 Ankara, Gazi Small Arms Ammunition Factory06 003 Ankara, Light Weapons and Light Artilleries Repair Workhops, Cartridge and 06 004 Ankara, Kayaş Percussion Cap Factory06 005 Ankara, Cement Plant06 006 Ankara, Power Station and Natural Gas Processing Plant06 007 Ankara Brewery06 008 Ankara Wheat Silos06 009 Ankara, Mamak Gas Mask Factory06 010 Ankara Sugar Mill06 011 Ankara, THK (Turkish Air Force) Etimesgut Aircraft Factory06 012 Ankara, TürkTraktör (a manufacturer in the automotive industry) Factory06 013 Ankara, Gazi TürkTraktör 06 014 Ankara, TÜMOSAN (Engine and Tractor Co.) Factory06 015 Ankara, TEMSAN (General Directorate of Turkish Electromechanics Industry)06 016 Ankara TESTAŞ (Turkish Electronics Industry and Trade Corp.) Factory06 017 Ankara, TUSAŞ Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc. 06 018 Ankara, Roketsan (rockets and m issiles) Factory06 019 Ankara, Doğan Printing Center (DPC) 06 020 Ankara, AB-Mikro Nano Commercial Chip Factory

31 001 İskenderun Iron and Steel Plant

Iğdır Spinning Mill

FACTORIES SORTED BY PROVINCES

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001002003004005006007008009010011012014013015016017018019020

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001002003004005006007008009010011012013014015016017018

001002003004005006007008009010

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001002003004005006007008009010011012013014015016017018019020021022023024025026027028029030031032033034035036037038039040041042043044045046047048049050051052053054055056057058059060061062063064065066067068069070071072073074075076077078079080081082083084085086087088089090091092093094095096097098099100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122

001002003004005006007008009010011012013

001

001

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001002003004005006007008009010011012013014015016017

018019020021022023024025026027028029030031032033034035036

001002003

001002003004005006007008009

001002

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001

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001

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001002

FACTORIES SORTED BY CURRENT STATE 000 Not Found 004000 Not Transformed 000 Transformed-demolished-demolished-rebuilt-restorated

000 000

BOOKS

81 İl Sanayi Durum Raporu [Report on the Status of Industry in 81 Provinces]. Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, 2013.

Aktaş, Ruşen. Ex.change İstanbul-Marsilya: Endüstri Mirasını Görünür ve Anlaşılır Kılmak / Ex.change Istanbul-Marseille: Industrial Architectural Heritage, Developing Awareness and Visibility. Istanbul: Çekül Vakfı, 2011 Belge, Murat, ed. Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey from the Tanzimat Era to the Republican Period] Vol. 1-6. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1985. Bozdemir, Mustafa. Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Endüstriyel Mirasımız [Our Industrial Heritage from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic]. Istanbul: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, 2011. Bozdoğan, Sibel. Modernism and Nation Building. Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic. Seattle: University of Washington Post, 2001. Bozdoğan, Sibel. Industrial Architecture and Nation - Building in Turkey: A Historical Overview, in Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production. Industrialization and the Built Environment in the Islamic World. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University Press, Geneva: The Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 2010. Bozdoğan, Sibel, and Esra Akcan. Modern Architecture in History. London: Reaktion Books, 2012. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey in the Republican Period] Vol. 7. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1983. Çolakoğlu, Nuri M., and Gülnur Yeşilbaş Kayaoğlu. İstanbul Sanayi Odası’nın Altmışıncı Yılında Türk Sanayii [Turkish Industry on the 60th Anniversary of the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce]. Istanbul: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, 2015.

dosya 03: Endüstri Mirası [dossier 03: Industrial Heritage]. TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Ankara Şubesi Bülten 45 [The Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45]. (November 2006). Geçmişten Geleceğe Yerel Kimlik, Tarihi Kentler 28 [Local Identity from Past to Present, Historical Cities 28] (2011). Holod, Renata, Evin, Ahmet, and Suha Özkan, eds. Modern Turkish Architecture 1900-1980. Ankara: Chamber of Architects of Turkey, 2005. Kaptanoğlu, Raif, and Nihat Balkan. Bursa Sanayi ve Ticaret Odası (BTSO): 120 Yıllık Tarihi Bir Çınar [Bursa Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BTSO): A 120 Year-Old Ancient Sycamore]. Bursa: BTSO Yayınları, 2009. Küçükerman, Önder. Türk Giyim Sanayii Tarihindeki Ünlü Fabrika: “Feshane” Defterdar Fabrikası [The Famous Factory in the History of Turkish Clothing Industry: “Feshane” Defterdar Factory]. Istanbul: Sümerbank, 1988. Osmanlı Ticaret ve Sanayi Albümü [A Chronicle of Ottoman Trade and Industry]. Istanbul: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, 2011. Ökçün, Gündüz. Osmanlı Sanayii 1913, 1915 İstatistikleri / Ottoman Industry, Industrial Census of 1913, 1915. Istanbul: Hil Yayın, 1984. Özgür, Özlem. 100 Soruda Sanayileşme ve Türkiye [Industrialization and Turkey in 100 Questions]. Istanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi, 1976. Saltık, Ahmet. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Yaklaşımı Açısından Kars’ta Hayvancılık, Süt Değerlendirme ve Kars Süt Fabrikası [Animal Husbandry and Milk Processing in Kars, and the Kars Milk Plant from the Sustainable Development Perspective]. Ankara: Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Association (SÜRKAL), 2003.

Sezgin, Candan. Sanayi Devrimi Yıllarında Osmanlı Saraylarında Sanayi ve Teknoloji Araçları [Industrial and Technological Tools in the Ottoman Court in the Years of Industrial Revolution]. TBMM Milli Saraylar Daire Başkanlığı; 26 [Series: Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) General Directorate of National Palaces; 26]. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2004. Sezgin, Candan. Sanayi Devrimi’nin Etkisinde İmparatorluk’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye [Turkey Under the Influence of the Industrial Revolution, from the Empire to the Republic]. Istanbul: Mas Matbaacılık AŞ, 2011. Toprak, Zafer. Sümerbank. Istanbul: Creative Yayıncılık, 1988. Türk Sanayii [Turkish Industry]. Istanbul: Istanbul Chamber of Industry, 2015. Uşak Eski Tabakhane Bölgesi Kentsel Dönüşüm Projesi Bölge Tanıtım Kataloğu [Uşak Old Tanning District Urban Transformation Project Area Catalogue]. Uşak: Municipality of Uşak, 2010. Vanlı, Şevki. Mimariden Konuşmak: Bilinmek İstenmeyen 20. Yüzyıl Türk Mimarlığı, Eleştirel Bakış [Talking about Architecture: 20th Century Turkish Architecture We Want to Ignore, A Critical View] Vol. 2. Ankara: VMV Yayınları, 2000. Yarış, Sümeyra. İstanbul’un 100 Sanayi Kuruluşu [100 Industrial Enterprises of Istanbul]. Istanbul: İBB Kültür AŞ, 2012.

Yücel, T. Fikret. Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nin Sanayileşme Öyküsü [The Story of Industrialization of the Republican Turkey]. Ankara: Türkiye Teknoloji Geliştirme Vakfı, 2015.

GRADUATE THESES

Altıparmak, Süleyman. “Cumhuriyet Dönemi Denizli’nin Sosyal Tarihi (1923-1950)” [Social History of Denizli in the Republican Period (1923-1950)]. Master’s thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University, 2008.

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Arıtan, Özlem. “Kapitalist/Sosyalist Modernleşme Modellerinin Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığının Biçimlenişine Etkileri – Sümerbank KİT Yerleşkesi Üzerinden Yeni Bir Anlamlandırma Denemesi” [The Effects of Capitalist/Socialist Models of Modernization on the Formation of Early Republican Era Architecture - A New Interpretation Attempt through the Case of Sümerbank State Economic Enterprises (KİT) Settlement]. PhD diss., Dokuz Eylül University, 2004. Asiliskender, Burak. “Cumhuriyetin İlk Yıllarında Mimaride ‘Modern’ Kimlik Arayışı: Sümerbank Kayseri Bez Fabrikası Örneği” [Quest for a “Modern” Identity in Architecture During the Early Years of the Republic: A Case Study of the Sümerbank Kayseri Textile Factory]. Master’s thesis, Istanbul Technical University, 2002. Boyacıoğlu, Didem. “Osmanlı Fabrika Yapılarının Kentsel ve Mimari Analizi” [Urban and Architectural Analysis of Ottoman Factory Buildings]. PhD diss., Istanbul Technical University, 2013. Canaran, Cansu. “An Integrated Framework for Sustaining Industrial Beings in the Urban Context”. PhD diss., Middle East Technical University, 2009. Emre, Çağatay. “1930’larda Türk Modernleşme ve Sanayileşmesi İçinde Fabrika Yerleşimlerinin Oluşumu: Nazilli Basma Fabrikası” [Development of Factory Settlements within Turkish Industrialization and Modernization in the 1930s: Nazilli Textile Printing Factory]. Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, 2003. Engin, Hüseyin Emre. “Tarihi Yapıların Yeniden Kullanımında İç Mekana Etkilerin İncelenmesi İçin Bir Yöntem Önerisi; İstanbul Endüstri Yapıları Örneği” [A Method Proposal for Studying the Effects of the Reuse of Historical Buildings on the Interior Space: The Case of Industrial Buildings in Istanbul]. PhD diss., Karadeniz Technical University, 2009.

Ertürk, Nevra. “19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Sanayi Hareketleri İçinde Fabrika-i Hümayunlar” [Imperial Factories within the 19th Century Industrial Movements in the Ottoman Empire]. PhD diss., Yıldız Technical University, 2008. İmamoğlu, Bilge. “Architectural Production in State Offices: An Inquiry into the Professionalization of Architecture in Early Republican Turkey”. Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, 2011. Kaya, Berrin. “Endüstri Mirasımızın Korunmasında Planlama Yaklaşımı” [The Planning Approach in Preserving Our Industrial Heritage]. Thesis, Ministry of Culture and Tourism İzmir no. II Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, 2012. Kevseroğlu, Özlem. “Endüstriyel Miras Alanlarının Kent Peyzajına Entegrasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi: Sümerbank Kayseri Bez Fabrikası Örneği” [Evaluating the Integration of Industrial Heritage Sites into the Urban Landscape: A Case Study of the Sümerbank Kayseri Textile Factory]. Master’s thesis, Istanbul Technical University, 2011. Kimyon, Deniz. “Kentsel Tasarım Perspektifi ile Türkiye’deki Fabrika Yerleşkelerinin Değerlendirilmesi: İskenderun Demir ve Çelik Fabrika Yerleşkesi Örneği” [Evaluating Factory Settlements in Turkey from the Perspective of Urban Design: The Case of the İskenderun Iron and Steel Plant Compound]. Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, 2013. Köksal, Gül. “İstanbul’daki Endüstri Mirası İçin Koruma ve Yeniden Kullanım Önerileri” [Proposals for the Conservation and Reuse of the Industrial Heritage in Istanbul]. PhD diss., Istanbul Technical University, 2005. Oral, Ayşe Hande. “İşlevini Yitirmiş Endüstriyel Alanların Dönüşümü İçin Bütüncül Yaklaşım: Haliç Yerleşkesi Örneği” [An Integrated Approach to the Transformation of Obsolete Industrial Sites: A Case Study of the Haliç Compound]. Master’s thesis, Gebze Institute of Technology, 2006.

Özüdoğru, Ayça Aslıhan. “Adana’da Dokuma Sanayi Yapılarının Endüstri Mirası Kapsamında İncelenmesi” [A Research on Adana’s Weaving Factories in the Context of Industrial Archeology]. Master’s thesis, Çukurova University, 2010. Peri, Burak. “Building the ‘Modern’ Environment in Early Republican Turkey: Sümerbank Kayseri and Nazilli Factory Settlements”. Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, 2002. Sezer, Selcan. “Endüstri Yapılarının Yeniden İşlevlendirme Sürecinde Aydınlatma Tasarımı: Ankara Cer Modern Örneği” [Lighting Design in the Process of Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Buildings: The Case of Ankara Cer Modern]. Master’s thesis, Istanbul Technical University, 2013. Şahin, Mürüvvet Gülcan. “Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Modernleşmesinde Bir Sanayi Yapısı Örneği: Paşabahçe Rakı ve İspirto Fabrikası” [An Example of Industrial Building in the Early Republican Period: Paşabahçe Rakı and Ethanol Factory]. Master’s thesis, Yıldız Technical University, 2011. Taner, Sezin. “İstanbul Endüstri Yapılarının ‘loft’ Kavramı Çerçevesinde Yeniden İşlevlendirilmesi” [Adaptive Reuse of Istanbul’s Industrial Buildings in the Framework of the Loft Concept]. Master’s thesis, Istanbul Technical University, 2011. Tolga, H. B. “Endüstriyel Alanların Dönüşümü, Kentsel Mekana Etkileri: Beykoz Kundura ve Deri Fabrikası için Bir Dönüşüm Senaryosu” [Transformation of Industrial Areas, Its Effects on Urban Space: A Transformation Scenario for the Beykoz Shoe and Leather Factory]. Master’s thesis, Yıldız Technical University, 2006. Tülücü, Tunç Aslan. “Adana Kenti Tarihi Endüstri Yapılarının Yapısal Analizi ve Korunmaları İçin Yöntem Araştırması” [Structural Analysis of Adana’s Historical Industrial Buildings and A Method Research for Their Conservation]. PhD diss., Gazi University, 2007.

Uğursal, Seçil. “Tarihi Yapıların Yeniden İşlevlendirilmesi: İzmir Sümerbank Basma Sanayi Yerleşkesi Örneği” [Adaptive Reuse of Historical Buildings: The Case of İzmir Sümerbank Textile Printing Industry Settlement]. Master’s thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, 2011.

ARTICLES Arslan, Benay Büyük, and Dilay Güney. “Endüstriyel Miras Yapılarının Yeniden İşlevlendirme Süreci ve İstanbul Tuz Ambarı” [Process of Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage Buildings and the Istanbul Salt Warehouse]. Beykent Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi (Beykent University Journal of Science and Engineering) 6, no. 2 (2013), 31-58. Asiliskender, Burak. “Cumhuriyet’in Sanayi Kenti Kayseri ve Modernleşme Arayüzleri” [Kayseri the Industrial City of the Republic and Interfaces of Modernization]. Güney Mimarlık, Sanayi Yapıları / Endüstri Arkeolojisi sayısı [Industrial Buildings / Industrial Archeology issue] (2012), 36-39. Aydın, Dicle, and Esra Aksoy. “Endüstri Yapılarında Yeniden Kullanılabilirlik: Nazilli Sümerbank Fabrikası’nın Sosyal Tesis Binası’nın İşlevsel Dönüşümü İçin Analizler” [Reusability of Industrial Buildings: Analyses for the Adoptive Reuse of Nazilli Sümerbank Factory Recreational Facility Building]. Güney Mimarlık, Sanayi Yapıları / Endüstri Arkeolojisi sayısı [Industrial Buildings / Industrial Archeology issue] (2012), 40-45. Bakırcı, Muzaffer. “Adıyaman’da İmalat Sanayinin Gelişimi ve Yapısı” [Development and Structure of Manufacturing Industry in Adıyaman]. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (2013). Bancı, Selda. “Şeker Şirketi ve Ankara Şeker Fabrikası Yerleşkesi” [Sugar Company and Ankara Sugar Mill Settlement]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006).

Beyhan, Şefika Gülin, and Ülkü Çelebi Gürkan. “Kültürel Mirasın Korunmasına Yönelik Bir Tespit Çalışması: Isparta Halı İpliği Fabrikaları ve Boyahaneleri” [An Evaluation Study Aimed at the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Spinning Factories and Dyehouses in Isparta]. Ayman Verlag: Journal of World of Turks / Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken 7, no. 3 (2015), 79-101. Bilgin, İhsan. Bir Mimari Eser Olarak Silahtarağa Elektrik Santrali 1910-2004 [Silahtarağa Power Plant as an Architectural Artwork 1910-2004]. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2007. Cengizkan, Ali. “Türkiye’de Fabrika ve İşçi Konutları: İstanbul Silahtarağa Elektrik Santrali” [Factory and Workers Housing in Turkey: Istanbul Silahtarağa Power Plant]. ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi (METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture) 20, no. 1-2 (2000), 29-55. Çakmak, Biray. “XX. Yüzyıl Başında Uşak’ta Kurulan İp Fabrikaları” [Spinning Mills Founded in Uşak in Early 20th Century]. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Uşak University Journal of Social Sciences) (2008). Doğan, Hulusi. “Sanayinin Musikisi Nasıl Başladı, Nasıl Bitti? Sümerbank Basma Fabrikası’na Tarihsel Bir Bakış” [How Did the Music of Industry Begin, How Did It End? A Historical View of the Sümerbank Textile Printing Factory]. Ege Akademik Bakış (2007), 661-689. Dölen, Emre. “Osmanlı Döneminde Kocaeli’ndeki Sanayi Kuruluşları” [Industrial Enterprises in Kocaeli during the Ottoman Era]. In Uluslararası Gazi Akçakoca ve Kocaeli Tarihi Sempozyumu Bildirileri [Symposium Proceedings of the International Symposium on the History of Gazi Akçakoca and Kocaeli], edited by Haluk Selvi. Kocaeli: Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, 2015. Düzgün, Hande, and Hande Aladağ. “How Sustainable Are Industrial Buildings? A Study in Golden Horn District”. ArchNet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 7, no. 2 (2013), 330-340.

Güney, Emrullah. “Diyarbakır’da Sanayileşme” [Industrialization in Diyarbakır]. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (1997). İmamoğlu, Bilge. “Cumhuriyet Dönemi Endüstri Mirası Havacılık Sanayi Yapıları” [Industrial Heritage of the Republican Era: Buildings of the Aviation Industry]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006). Kaya, Ece, and İrfan Arıkan. “The Bomonti Beer Factory: An Example of the Industrial Heritage Transformation Process.” Presentation at the Cities as Creative Spaces for Cultural Tourism Conference (CCSCT), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 2009. Kaya, Sertaç, Özgür Yerli, and Selan Döner. “Endüstriyel Alanların Endüstriyel Parklara Dönüşümü” [Transformation of Industrial Areas to Industrial Parks]. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi no. 3 (2015), 518-534. Koçan, Nurhan. “Sanayi Alanlarının Dönüşümü: Uşak Eski Tabakhane Deri Sanayi Bölgesi” [Transformation of Industrial Areas: Uşak Old Leather Tanning Industrial Zone]. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2, no. 1 (2011), 124-138. Köksal, Gül. “Yeniden Hayat Bulan Endüstri Yapıları” [Regenerated Industrial Buildings]. Domus no. 8 (2000), 68-71. Köksal, Gül. “İstanbul’daki Sanayi Mirasının Geleceği İçin Bir Öneri; İstanbul Endüstri Mirası Rotası” [A Proposal for the Future of Industrial Heritage in Istanbul: Industrial Heritage Route of Istanbul]. Presentation at the TMMOB İstanbul Kent Sempozyumu (TMMOB Istanbul Urban Symposium), September 10-15, 2007. Köksal, Gül, and Zeynep Ahunbay. “İstanbul’daki Endüstri Mirası İçin Koruma ve Yeniden Kullanım Önerileri” [Some Proposals for the Conservation and Reuse of Industrial Heritage in Istanbul]. İTÜ Dergisi/a: Mimarlık, Planlama, Tasarım 5, no. 2 (2006), 125-136.

Köşkeroğlu, Emrah. “Demiryolu Mirası – Korunması” [Railway Heritage – Preservation]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006). Madran, Emre, Kemal Nalbant, and Nimet Özgönül. “Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Tuğla ve Kiremit Fabrikası” [Eskişehir, Kılıçoğlu Brick and Roof Tile Factory]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006). Mat, Afife, and Halil Tekiner. “Türkiye’deki Eczacılık Tarihi Müzeleri” [Museums of the History of Pharmacy in Turkey]. Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları 15, no. 2 (2014), 1-20. Odman, Aslı. “Galata Rıhtımı’nda ‘Modern Zamanlar’: FORD’un Tophane Otomobil Montaj Fabrikası 1925-1944 / ‘Modern Times’ at the Galata Docks: FORD’s Automobile Assembly Plant in Tophane 1925-1944”. In Ex.change İstanbul-Marsilya: Endüstri Mirasını Görünür ve Anlaşılır Kılmak / Ex.change Istanbul-Marseille: Industrial Architectural Heritage, Developing Awareness and Visibility. Istanbul: ÇEKÜL Vakfı, 2011. Oğuz, Dicle, Halis Saygı, and Nevin Akpınar. “Kentiçi Endüstri Alanlarının Dönüşümüne Bir Model: İzmit/Sekapark” [A model for the transformation of urban industrial sites: İzmit/Sekapark]. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi 8, no. 2 (2010), 157-167. Oral, Elif Özlem, and Zeynep Ahunbay. “Bursa’nın İpekçilik ile İlgili Endüstri Mirasının Korunması” [Conservation of Bursa’s Industrial Heritage Related to Sericulture]. İTÜ Dergisi/a Mimarlık, Planlama, Tasarım 4, no. 2 (2005), 37-46. Orhan, Nuri, and Mehmet Ünsaldı. “Üniversite - Sanayi İşbirliği Elazığ Örneği” [University-Industry Collaboration: Case of Elazığ]. Doğu Anadolu Bölgeleri Araştırması no. 3 (2003). Öktem, Sezen. “Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları ve Yerleşkesi” [Karabük Iron and Steel Plants and Settlement]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006).

Özen, Hamiyet, and Arzu Sert. “Karadeniz’de Unutulan Endüstri Mirası” [The Forgotten Industrial Heritage in the Black Sea Region]. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi (Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University) 21, no. 3 (2006), 499-508. Özgönül, Nimet. “Cumhuriyetin Yeni Anadolu Kenti Zonguldak ve Endüstri Mirası” [The New Anatolian City of the Republic Zonguldak and the Industrial Heritage]. Mimarlık 336, no. 50-54 (2007). Özsırkıntı Kasap, Handan. “Endüstri Yapılarının Dönüşümü Sonucunda Ortaya Çıkan Loft Yapıları ve Estetik” [Loft Spaces and Aesthetics Emerging as a Result of the Conversion of Industrial Buildings]. Artium 2, no. 2 (2014), 151-164. Peri, Burak. “Cumhuriyet Dönemi Endüstri Yapıları ve Yerleşkeleri Kayseri ve Nazilli Sümerbank Fabrikaları” [Industrial Buildings and Settlements of the Republican Era: Kayseri and Nazilli Sümerbank Factories]. TMMOB Chamber of Architects Ankara Branch Bulletin 45, dossier 3: Industrial Heritage (November 2006). Saner, Mehmet. “Endüstri Mirası: Kavramlar, Kurumlar ve Türkiye’deki Yaklaşımlar” [Industrial Heritage: Concepts, Institutions and Approaches in Turkey]. Planlama (2012), 53-66. Takım, Abdullah, and Ensar Yılmaz. “Economic Policy During Ataturk’s Era in Turkey (1923-1938)”. African Journal of Business Management 4, no. 4 (April 2010), 549-554. Tanyeli, Gülsün. “Osmanlı Demir Üretim ve Döküm Merkezleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme” [A Review of Ottoman Iron Production and Casting Centers]. In Anadolu Sanayi ve Tasarım Tarihinin Ayak İzlerinde Maden Döküm Sanatı [The Art of Mineral Casting in the History of Anatolian Industry and Design], edited by Önder Küçükerman, 191-206. Istanbul: Türk Demir Döküm Fabrikaları Genel Müdürlüğü AŞ, 1994.

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BIOGRAPHIES

MOIRA VALERI

She received her PhD in Architecture at Iuav University of Venice in 2012. Since 2013 she has been an assistant professor at the Department of Architecture of Yeditepe University. She co-edited three books; coordinated and participated in national and international workshops, conferences, exhibitions, focusing mainly on reclaiming disused spaces, contemporary architectural and urban issues, among others.

BURÇİN BAŞYAZICI

Architect and landscape architect Burçin Başyazıcı received her BA and MA degrees from Yeditepe University. She is a PhD candidate at Istanbul Technical University’s Architectural Design Program and works as a researcher for TUBITAK 1001 Research Project. Her research interests include architectural theory, architectural phenomenology, “other” concepts of architecture and ordinariness, which were also subjects of her articles published in national/international journals.

EVİN ERİŞ

Architect, interior designer and academic Evin Eriş completed her BA and MA degrees at Yeditepe University and her PhD at Yıldız Technical University, during which she went to Siegen University in Germany as a research assistant. Her research interests include architectural and urban competitions, urban morphology, modernity, Berlin, urban-social movements and civil architecture. She also received various awards from urban and architectural competitions.

MELİHA ÇAĞLAYAN İNCE

Architect Meliha Çağlayan İnce graduated from Yeditepe University in 2011 and began her MA at the same university, focusing on “Reclaiming Disused Spaces”. She has been working as research assistant at Yeditepe University since 2013.

ŞAFAK CUDİ İNCE

Architect Şafak Cudi İnce received her BA in architecture from Yeditepe University, where she currently attends an MSc program in architectural design and works as a research assistant. Her research interests include embodied experience in architectural space, architectural representation of experience, architectural space in cinema and architectural parallax.

FABIO SALOMONI

Fabio Salomoni lives in Turkey since 2001. He currently teaches at the Foreign Languages Program at Koç University, Istanbul, and is a PhD candidate in sociology at Masaryk University, Brno. His fields of interest are migrations and borders, memory studies, religion and society, and social movements. He is also a translator from Turkish to Italian.

MERVE TAŞLIOĞLU

Architect Merve Taşlıoğlu graduated from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University in 2012. She began her MA studies at Istanbul Technical University, focusing on cybernetic space experience. She attended various national and international conferences, and worked as a research assistant at Yeditepe University until 2016. Currently works at the architectural firm Kreatif Mimarlık.

NUR ELİF YURDAÇALIŞ

Architect Nur Elif Yurdaçalış received her MSc degree from Yeditepe University after graduating from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Currently, she continues her education at Yıldız Technical University under a PhD program in History and Theory of Architecture. Her research interests include Istanbul, urban history, urban morphology, urban transformation and architectural typology.