The 19th Century

1800 – 1900

(1850 to 1930)

Eugene DelacroixLiberty leading the People; Painted on 28 July 1830,

Chronology

• 1832 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph• 1848 The Californian gold rush 1859 The publication of

Darwin’s On the Origin of Species• 1861 The outbreak of the American Civil War• 1861 The serfs freed in Russia• 1864 Henri Dunant founds the Red Cross• 1869 The Sues Canal is opened• 1874 The first Impressionist exhibition is held in Paris• 1885 Karl Benz builds the first motor car• 1895 Marconi transmits the first wireless signal

1903 The Wright brothers make the first flight in an aircraft

1904 The Russo-Japanese War

1914 Henry Ford begins mass production of the Model ‘T’ Ford car

1914 Outbreak of World War I

1917 Start of the Russian Revolution

1918 End of World War I

1929 Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established as new countries

1924 The death of Lenin

1926 Television is first successfully demonstrated in Britain

1929 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin

Overview of 19th Century Art

• Neoclassical - 1750’s to 1800’s• Romanticism – 1800’s to 1850’s• Realism – 1840’s to Late 1800’s• Impressionism – 1870’s to 1890’s• Neo-impressionism 1886 - 1906• Post Impressionism – 1880’s to early

1900’s

• Naturalism• DeStjil• Abstract• Expressionism

Thomas Sully Queen Victoria, 1838

Queen Victoria’s Movements

Lord LeightonOh for the Wings of a Dove

Henri Moore

Joseph WrightThe Vacuum Pump

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

1848• Main artists

– William Holman Hunt– John Everett Millais – Dante Gabriel Rossetti – William Morris

–

• Characteristics of their work:– Great attention to detail– Bright coloursSubject matter – noble– Religious– Moralizing

• Characteristics of their movement– Seriousness– Sincerity– Truth to nature– Intent to raise the standard

of British art

John Everett MillaisOphelia

Dante Gabriel Rossetti Lady Lilith,

1867

Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones

The Love Song 1868–?1873

William Morris

Length of printed cotton, 19th–20th century

William Morris

"Pink and Rose" wallpaper design, ca. 1890

Biba

Antoine WiertzBuried Alive, 1854

Pierre-Étienne-Théodore Rousseau The Edge of the Woods at Monts-Girard, 1854

Charles-François Daubigny On the Banks of the Oise, 1864

Claude Monet La Grenouillère, 1869

Impressionists1874

• Characteristics of their work:• Short, broken brushstrokes• Pure unblended colours• Emphasis on the effects of light.• Modern subject matter

• Characteristics of the movement:• Embraced modern life • Incorporated new technology and ideas of

the time• Rejected the established styles of the

Academy• New clientele

• Monet• Pissarro• Claude Monet• Edgar Degas• Pierre-Auguste

Renoir • Berthe Morisot • Alfred Sisley

Camille Pissarro

James WhistlerThe Peacock Room, 1876

Alfred Sisley Allée of Chestnut Trees

Kano Sansetsu The Old Plum Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1645

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas

Dancers Practicing at the Bar 1877

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas Dancers in the Rehearsal Room with a Double Bass, 1882–85

Mary Cassatt

Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror), ca. 1889

Kitagawa Utamaro

Midnight: The Hours of the Rat; Mother and Sleepy Child

Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1790

Mary Cassatt

Maternal Caress1891

Dry point and soft-ground etching, third

state, printed in colour

Mary Cassatt Mother Playing with Child, ca. 1897

Édouard ManetBoating, 1874

Post ImpressionismLate 1880’s

• Main artists– Paul Gauguin – Georges Seurat– Vincent van Gogh – Paul Cezanne

• Characteristics of their work:– Simplified colours – Definitive forms– Abstract tendencies

• Characteristics of the movement:– Breaking free from

naturalism– Expressing emotions – Themes of deeper

symbolism

Vincent Van GoghPortrait de Le Artist sans

Barbe, 1889

Paul GauguinNave Nave Moe, 1894

Maurice DenisSpring Landscape with Figures, 1897

Pierre BonnardInterieur, 1913

Toshusai Sharaku

Otani Oniji II1794

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Moulin Rouge - La Goulue, 1891

Neo-Impressionists1886 to 1906

• Main artists– Georges Seurat– Paul Signac– Maximilien Luce – Henri-Edmond Cross

• Characteristics of their work:– Placing dabs of pure colour

adjacent to one another

• Characteristics of the movement:– renounced the random

spontaneity of Impressionism

– Favoured more measured technique

– Influenced by scientific studies of the time

Georges SeuratLes Poseuses, 1887

Georges SeuratStudy for A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884–85

Paul Signac Grand Canal, Venice, 1905

FauvismEarly 1900’s

• Main artists– Henri Matisse– André Derain – Maurice de Vlaminck

• Characteristics of their work:– Bold undisguised

brushstrokes– High-key vibrant colour– Used coloured planes to

define space

• Characteristics of the movement:– First Avant-garde

movement to flourish in France

– First to break with Impressionism and with traditional methods of perception

– Subjective response to nature

– reject traditional three-dimensional space

Henri Matisse Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris Luxe, calme et volupté, 1904–5

Henri Matisse The Young

Sailor II, Summer–Winter

1906

Henri Matisse

San Francisco Museum of ArtWoman with a Hat, autumn 1905

RescanAndre Derain

La Tamise et Tower Bridge, 1906

Cubism• Main Artists:

– Pablo Picasso– Georges Braque – Paul Cezanne– Juan Gris

• Characteristics of the work:– Flat planes– Multiple viewpoints– No aerial perspective, but

multiple vanishing points– Emphasis on the

2dimensionality of the canvas

– Reduced objects into fractured forms

– Subjects were discernable early on and were further dissected in later years.

• Characteristics of the Movement:– Rejected the doctrine that

they should copy nature– Rejected traditional

perspective techniques

Paul CezanneStill Life with Apples, 1893

Georges BraqueVerre et as de Trefle, 1917

Pablo Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

Pablo Picasso Girl Reading at a Table, 1934

Juan Gris Violin and Playing Cards, 1913

Marcel Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2), 1912

Once again…..

The End

for now……….

Expressionism

Edvard MunchThe Scream, 1893

Edvard MunchMadonna, 1893

Mikhail VrubelLilacs, 1900

Henri RousseauThe Merry Jesters,

1906

Wassily KandinskyCouple Riding a Horse 1907

Gustav Klimt

The Kiss, 1907

Egon SchieleLiegender Halbakt mit Rolem, 1910

Amedeo ModiglianiBeatrice Hastings Assise,

1915

Theo Van DoesburgVetrata Konpositie V in Lood,

1918

Paul Klee

Moonshine, 1919

Wassily Kandinsky

Ship and Red Sun, 1925

Joseph SimaMidday, 1928

Surrealism

Giorgio de ChiricoThe Song of Love,

1914

Rene MargritteUntitled, 1926

Salvador DaliAn Average Atmospherocephalic, 1933

The Enigma of Desire, 1929

1933 Hitler becomes the German Chancellor

1937 The Japanese invasion of China

1939 The outbreak of World War II

1942 Nuclear chain reaction produced in Chicago by Enrico Fermi

1944 The production of the first digital computer

1945 End of World War II

1947 India and Pakistan become independent republics

1956 Soviet forces crush the uprising in Hungary

1957 The Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community

1966 The Cultural Revolution begins in China