Evolution and theory of planning

Submitted to Ms. Anusha Saxena

ByKanu kumar DasGyanendra TripathiB Rohith kumarViseshSureshM Abhinav

INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION [Duration: 3300 BC – 1300 BCMatured part: 2500 BC – 1900 BC]

--HARAPPA--MOHENJOADRO

Indus valley civilization

The Indus was navigable over most of its length but the surrounding plains were liable to flooding and this influenced the form and appearance of Harappan cities.

The Himalayas provided a formidable barrier to external influences and the Great Indian Desert limited contact with remainder of the sub- continent.

Indus valley civilization

Planning System Of Indus Valley civilization

Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, in Harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses.

Great Bath: This was another important structure in Mohenjodaro. The floor of the bath had five layers with changing room. It was so watertight that even today it holds water.Town Hall: A palace-like building that looked like an assembly hall for the city government of for people to meet.

Streets: Streets are north south and East west, Width 9 ft to 34 ft, Public lamps. There were covered drains along the road.Drainage System: The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the good system in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built either side of the roads. They were covered with stones which could be removed in order to clean them.

Houses: The houses varied in size. Some might have been two storied. Most of the houses had central courtyard, well, bathing area and kitchen. Houses were in two classes- rich and the ruling class lived in the multi-roomed spacious houses and the poorer section lived in small house.

Planning System Of Indus Valley civilization

• Based on Drainage and sanitation system• Cities were divided into major two part• Higher portion – For Ruling Class, Like a Fort• Lower Portion- General people, spread one square mile• Streets are north south and East west, Width 9 ft to 34 ft, Public lamps.• Public building were by the main streets and modest houses on the

lanes• No encroachment of road/public apace by buildings• Courtyards in large building.• Most of the houses had own bath, wells and vertical and horizontal

drain which links to the street drain, • The streets drain was covered by stone slab

Indus valley civilization

Indus valley civilizationPlan of MohenjoDaro

Fire Temple: Mohenjo Daro

A typical house: Mohenjo Daro

Indus valley civilization

Well, Mohenjo-daro.

Private wells were rebuilt over many generations to serve the needs of a large household or neighborhood.

Indus valley civilization

Almost every house unit at Mohenjo-daro was equipped with a private bathing area with drains to take the dirty water out into a larger drain that emptied into a sewage drain. Many of these bathing areas had water tight floors to keep moisture from seeping into the other rooms nearby or below.

12. Bath Area, Mohenjo-daro.

Indus valley civilization

Architectural Remains

A large public well and public bathing platforms were found in the southern part of Mound AB at Harappa. These public bathing areas may also have been used for washing clothes as is common in many traditional cities in Pakistan and India today.

Public well, Harappa.

Indus valley civilization

The so-called "granary" of Harappa is found on Mound F. It is a brick structure that was built on a massive brick foundation over 45 meters north south and 45 meters east-west. Two rows of six rooms that appear to be foundations are arranged along a central passageway that is about 7 meters wide and partly paved with baked bricks. Each room measures 15.2 by 6.1 meters and has three sleeper walls with air space between them.

"Granary," Harappa.

Indus valley civilization

To the south of the "granary" or "great hall" at Harappa is an area with numerous circular working platforms that were built inside small rooms or courtyards. These circular working platforms may have been used for husking grain. One of these circular platforms had what may have been a large wooden mortar placed in the center.

Working Platforms, Harappa.

Indus valley civilization

Transportation and trade

Indus valley civilization