Ancient China and Ancient China and IndiaIndiaChapter 5Chapter 5

Geography of IndiaGeography of India

Indus River Valley Indus River Valley civilizationcivilization

Himalayan Himalayan MountainsMountains

Indus RiverIndus River Ganges RiverGanges River Mohenjo-daroMohenjo-daro HarappaHarappa

Why did they settle Why did they settle there?there?

Fertile landFertile land Available food and waterAvailable food and water Protection from invadersProtection from invaders

Hindu KushHindu Kush Himalayan MountainsHimalayan Mountains Bay of BengalBay of Bengal Arabian SeaArabian Sea

AryansAryans

Civilization of people who settled in India Civilization of people who settled in India after the decline of the Indus valley after the decline of the Indus valley civilizationcivilization

Little is known about these peopleLittle is known about these people Nomadic – left behind no buildingsNomadic – left behind no buildings Followed herds of cattleFollowed herds of cattle Moved using horses and chariotsMoved using horses and chariots Settled down and began to farmSettled down and began to farm

HinduismHinduism PolytheisticPolytheistic VedasVedas and and UpanishadsUpanishads – –

religious textreligious text Caste system – different Caste system – different

levels of societylevels of society PriestsPriests WarriorsWarriors Merchants Merchants PeasantsPeasants

Hindu BeliefsHindu Beliefs Universal ForceUniversal Force

Goal of life is to free the individual soul (atman) by Goal of life is to free the individual soul (atman) by joining it with the universal life force (brahman)joining it with the universal life force (brahman)

ReincarnationReincarnation Many different lives to reach highest levelMany different lives to reach highest level Life focus on bettering yourselfLife focus on bettering yourself

Ahimsa – not injuring any living thingAhimsa – not injuring any living thing Yoga – Physical and mental exerciseYoga – Physical and mental exercise FastingFasting Religious pilgrimagesReligious pilgrimages

BuddhismBuddhism

Grew from people Grew from people questioning Hinduismquestioning Hinduism

Based on the Based on the teachings of Buddha teachings of Buddha

Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama Basic principles of Basic principles of

poverty, meditation poverty, meditation and studyand study

Buddhist BeliefsBuddhist Beliefs

RebirthRebirth Selfish desire causes human sufferingSelfish desire causes human suffering Focus on bettering the worldFocus on bettering the world Ultimate goal is to let go of greed, hatred Ultimate goal is to let go of greed, hatred

and ignoranceand ignorance Nirvana – blissful state after reaching goalNirvana – blissful state after reaching goal Different forms of BuddhismDifferent forms of Buddhism

Mauryan EmpireMauryan Empire

Chandragupta – first emperorChandragupta – first emperor Brilliant and ruthless leaderBrilliant and ruthless leader Led India to be peaceful and prosperousLed India to be peaceful and prosperous

Asoka – Chandragupta’s grandsonAsoka – Chandragupta’s grandson Led similarly to ChandraguptaLed similarly to Chandragupta Had a spiritual awakening and changed how Had a spiritual awakening and changed how

he ledhe led Ruled following the Buddhist philosophyRuled following the Buddhist philosophy

Geography of ChinaGeography of China

Protected by ocean, Protected by ocean, desert and mountaindesert and mountain

Only 10% of land Only 10% of land could grow cropscould grow crops

Wet and fertile river Wet and fertile river valleysvalleys

Long, navigable Long, navigable riversrivers

Cause and EffectCause and Effect

CauseCause EffectEffect

Natural protectionNatural protection Chinese culture Chinese culture developed in isolationdeveloped in isolation

Little land to support Little land to support cropscrops

Limited tradeLimited trade

Wet fertile river valleysWet fertile river valleys Large variety of cropsLarge variety of crops

Long riversLong rivers Huge transportation Huge transportation networknetwork

Silk RoadSilk Road

Series of different merchants trading from Series of different merchants trading from one to another over thousands of milesone to another over thousands of miles

Not an actual roadNot an actual road China traded silk and spices for horses China traded silk and spices for horses

from the northfrom the north Northerners took silk as they traveled to Northerners took silk as they traveled to

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

Dynasties of ChinaDynasties of China

ShangShang Zhou (shoe)Zhou (shoe) Qin (chin)Qin (chin) HanHan

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

Government – led by king and noble Government – led by king and noble familiesfamilies

Achievements – used bronze tools Achievements – used bronze tools armor, bows and arrows and chariotsarmor, bows and arrows and chariots

Religion – ancestor worshipReligion – ancestor worship

Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty

Warring statesWarring states Believed they had a “heavenly mandate” Believed they had a “heavenly mandate”

to ruleto rule Iron tools and weaponsIron tools and weapons

Qin DynastyQin Dynasty

China unified under one EmperorChina unified under one Emperor Creation of the modern day “China” Creation of the modern day “China”

namename Great Wall startedGreat Wall started Shihuangdi’s tomb with the terra cotta Shihuangdi’s tomb with the terra cotta

soldierssoldiers

Han DynastyHan Dynasty

Governed by Confucian ideasGoverned by Confucian ideas Age of scholars Age of scholars Imperial Academy createdImperial Academy created Pass exams to become part of the Pass exams to become part of the

government government Important because even the poor could be Important because even the poor could be

part of the governmentpart of the government

ConfucianismConfucianism

Based on the teachings of CunfuciusBased on the teachings of Cunfucius Treat others the way you would want to Treat others the way you would want to

be treatedbe treated Polite, respectful behaviorPolite, respectful behavior High regard for learningHigh regard for learning

TaoismTaoism

Also known as DaoismAlso known as Daoism Based on the teachings of Lao-tzuBased on the teachings of Lao-tzu Order and harmony come from natureOrder and harmony come from nature Find calmness in everything around you Find calmness in everything around you Don’t strive for useless things or have Don’t strive for useless things or have

unnecessary argumentsunnecessary arguments

Yin YangYin Yang