DIR E C T OR A T E G E N E R A L OF SUR V E ILLA N C E F OR MA R IN E A N D F ISHE R Y R E SOUR C E S

MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES

Indonesian Efforts In Combating IUU Fishing

Ida Kusuma Executive Secretary of the Directorate General of Surveillance

for Marine and Fisheries Resources

WCPFC

IOTC

CCSBT

Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zones

Territorial Waters

DGoS and POLICE DGoS and Navy

Coordinated by BAKORKAMLA

X v

x x

Terri-torial

Waters

DGoS - RFMOs

X x

Exclusive Economic Zone High Seas

Small Scale Indonesian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [± 95%] Indonseian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [> 5 % and mostly < 300 GT]

Foreign Fishing Fleet (FFF) Foreign Fishing Fleet (FFF) Flying Indonesian Flag

Archipelagic Waters

v

v x v

FFV flying Indonesian flag operated illegally, both in

national waters or high seas

Fake Documen (two fishing vessels with the same name

and number)

FFV in Indonesian name operated illegally within the national jurisdiction

... continue

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The State of Indonesian Fisheries

• Overfishing and overcapacity

• IUU fishing practices, both by FFV and IFV

• Marine environment degradation

• Poverty of Fisherfolks

• Numbers of fishing vessels > 30 GT: ± 5.147 units and < 30 GT: ±179.131 units

• Under utilization of national fishing industries due to sort of raw materials [30-40%]

According to the UN, 99% of worldwide annual commercial ocean catch comes from coastal

waters, within 200 nautical miles of the coastline.

Issues

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IUU Fishing Practices Fishing without legal permit, illegal entry into Indonesian

waters poaching Unauthorized fishing gears, in unauthorized fishing

ground, port of call Fake documents regarding transfered of foreign fishing

vessels, document falsification, manipulation of prerequisite to conduct fishing activities (DC, Bill of Sale)

Unauthorized transshipment at sea Double flagging or sailing under Indonesian flags either in

Indonesian waters or in high seas Fictitious company address and forgery of documents

issued by other institutions Destructive fishing practices: bombing/blast fishing,

cyanide, etc.

Impacts of IUU Fishing Economic losses ±US $ 40 billion/year*) Overfishing dan overcapacity decline of catch per-unit

effort (CPUE) Incompetitiveness of fishery businesses weaken

competitiveness of National Fishing Industries Affect Traditional Livelihood fisher folks remains

suffering of poverty Increase competition and conflict among local fisherfolks

Marine ecosystem and fish stocks degradation Disadvantage for due to lost of: opportunity to develop

national fisheries, opportunity to use income generates for poverty alleviation and development, tax and levy

Reduced profitability of fisheries, reduced economic rent and fleet efficiency, and less than optimal use of scarce national resources;

Declining levels of production reducing employment both at sea and on shore (fishing industries).

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Law no. 31 year 2004: Fisheries, as amended by Law no. 45 year 2009

Law no. 27 year 2007: Coastal and Small Island Management, as amended by Law no. 1 year 2014

UNCLOS’ 1982 Law of the Sea Convention FAO, Code of Conduct for

Responsible Fisheries [CCRF], 1995

FAO, International Plan of Action (IPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing, 2001 [Seabirds, Sharks, Capacity, IUU]

FAO, Compliance Agreement, 1993

FAO, Fish Stocks Agreement, 1995

UNGA Resolutions

EC Regulation 1005/2008

FAO, Port State Measures, 2005

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Some Ministerial Act, concerning: Capture Fisheries, Logbooks, Fishing Area and Fishing Gears, Vessel Monitoring System, Legal Form for Fishing Operation, National Plan of Action (NPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing 2012-2016, Surveillance for Coastal and Small Islands Area, Fishing Vessels Registration and Marking, Fisheries and Its Habitat Conservation, Observer Program, etc.

1. Review and revitalize Fisheries Acts 2. Strengthen and Develop Surveillance

Technical Implementing Units 3. Capacity building for fisheries

inspectors and fisheries investigators 4. Regional Cooperation:

a. Joint Regional Fisheries Manage-ment Organizations (RFMOs): IOTC, CCSBT, WCPFC, IATTC

b. Establish Regional Plan of Action (RPOA)* to promote responsible fishing practices including combating IUU fishing

5. Actively Involved in the Regional and International Forum (ASEAN, APEC, CTI-CFF, IORC, FAO)

6. Implementation of the EC regulation, and considering to ratify PSMA

1. MCS Implementation:VMS*, Observer, Logbook, Port Inspection

2. Enhance effective MCS: before fishing, while fishing, during landing, and post landing

3. Surveillance Infrastructures 4. Integrated Surveillance Systems in

cooperation with relevant institutions 5. Facilitate and strengthen community

based surveillance groups [POKMAS-WAS] including enhance local wisdom initiative

6. Joint patrol with related institutions to conduct surveillance and law enforce-ment at sea

7. Coordinated patrol with neighbouring countries

8. Establish 10 (ten) fisheries courts

MCS Strategy

Monitoring Control Surveillance

Management Plan

Scientific Research

Fishery Management

Policy

Fishery Before fishing – While fishing – During landing – Post landing

Fish Stock

Habitat

Fisheries Management Focus on • MCS (Monitoring, Control and

Surveillance) • Community based co-management • Rights-based fisheries management • Ecosystem approach to Fisheries

Management

RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES

INDONESIA’s COMMITMENTS: 1. Priority seascapes designated and

effectively managed 2. Ecosystem approach to management

of fisheries (EAFM) and other marine resources fully applied

3. Marine protected areas (MPAs) established and effectively managed

4. Climate change adaptation measures achieved

5. Threatened species status improving

CORAL TRIANGLE INITIATIVES on coral reefs, fisheries and food security

1. Indonesia 2. Malaysia

3. Papua New Guinea 4. The Philippines

5. The Solomon Islands 6. Timor-Leste.

Other Initiatives and Programm: Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Coral Reef Rehabilitation and

Management Program Ecosystem Approach to Fisheriy

Management

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)

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YEAR INSPECTED

[units] ARRESTED [units]

IFV FFV IFV + FFV 2005 344 91 24 115 2006 1.447 83 49 132 2007 2.207 95 88 183 2008 2.178 119 124 243 2009 3.961 78 125 203 2010 2.253 24 159 183 2011 3.348 30 76 106 2012 4.326 42 70 112 2013 3.871 24 44 68

2014* 300 5 7 12 JUMLAH 24.235 591 766 1.357

Vessels Committed IUU Fishing

Radar Sighting

Airborne Surveillance

Difficulties FFV:

Electronic evidence solely could not be used for bringing the offender to the court

IFV: Vessel Monitoring System can only track the “co-operative objects”, licenced fishing vessels. To identify the “non-cooperative objects”, requires more sophisticated equipments using satelite support.

Geographic area with vast area, multi species and multi gears, predominatedly by artisanal fisheries/small scale fisheries

Surveillance at sea is very expensive requires strong political will to combat IUU fishing, both towards FFV and IFV.

Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices

including Combating IUU Fishing in the Southeast Asia Region Enhance and Strengthen the overall level

of fisheries management in the region Promote responsible fishing practices

to sustain fisheries resources and

marine environment to optimise the benefit of adopting

responsible fishing practices

Managing Fishing Capacity

Combating IUU Fishing

Conservation of Fisheries Resources and Their Environment

1. understanding the current resource and management situation in the region

2. implementation of international and regional instruments

3. implementing Coastal State measures

4. enforcing Flag State responsibilities

5. developing Port State measures

6. considering regional market measures

7. developing regional capacity building

8. strengthening monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) systems

9. controlling transhipment at sea.

Endorsed by 11 Ministers Responsible for Fisheries (Bali, May 2007)

Action:

Promote the implementation of IPOA-IUU through NPOA-IUU

RPOA – a Regional Cooperation

Take principles from international fisheries instruments (e.g. IPOA IUU Fishing)

Enhance and strengthen the overall level of fisheries management in the region [South China Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and Arafura-Timor Seas].

Highlight Flag States, Coastal States, and Port States responsibilities in addressing IUU fishing.

Handling Illegal Fishing in the

maritime border

VIET NAM

AUSTRALIA

CHINA

THAILAND

PHILIPPINES

TURKI

MALAYSIA

EU NIGERIA

Coordinated monitoring, prevention

of IUU Fishing and capacity building

Prevention, deterence and abolition of IUU

Fishing

Eradication of IUU Fishing action

Eradication of IUU Fishing action

Eradication of IUU Fishing action

Best Practice Sharing about monitoring of marine and fisheries

resources

Bilateral Cooperation

Improving support to monitoring and managing fishing

capacity

Monitoring of marine and fisheries resources and prevention of IUU

Fishing acion

Fisheries Manage-ment, MCS and Capa-city Building on Com-

bating IUU Fishing

Agence Francaise de Developement (AFD): CLS ARGOS, Satelite Technology – Infrastructure Develop-ment for Space Oceanography (INDESO) Project

Fisheries Trade FRENCH

Eradication of IUU Fishing action

Potential Cooperation

Information Exchange

Raising Awarenes

Strengthen Capacity

Coastal & Flag State Responsibility: • MCS Network Development • IUU vessel watch • Global Record Fishing Vessels

Regional PIC Development

Regional Capacity Building: • PSMA • Strengthening MCS

Policy Recommendation Re-asessment of the Impact of IUU Fishing

Area

of C

oope

ratio

n

Title: Re-assessment of the true costs of Indonesian IUU Fishing Rationale: Indonesian - one of “the big three” of Southeast Asian fishing nations, (Komatsu,

2013) contribution to national GDP is merely around 3%.

Estimated economic loss due to IUU fishing varies from US $ 2-5 billion annually.

Only ± 39% of Indonesian fishing water is considered free from IUU and destcrutive fishings.

Impact on economic, environment , and socio-economic aspects.

Challenges: considered to be a “spending” instead of a “cost recovery” activity less priority.

Action Required: RE-ASSESS the impact of IUU fishing from economic, ecological and social perspectives.

Expected Outcome: The real and comprehensive pictures of economic loss from IUU fishing, to provide policy makers a platform for the improvement in fisheries management in the country, to implement responsible fisheries measures comprehensively, including appropriate monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS).

THANK YOU Terima kasih