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CONCEPT PAPER
BNPB FOR SASAKAWA AWARD 2013
INDONESIA NATIONAL PLATFORM
FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(PLANAS PRB)
JAKARTA, FEBRUARI 2013
i
PROLOGUE
By releasing the Law No. 24 Year 2007 on Disaster Management on 26 April 2007,
occurred on a new phase in disaster management in Indonesia. There is a very fundamental
development occurs in the area of Policies, institutional, financial, practices and resource
development in government, society, institutions of non-government, donors and
international agencies working in Indonesia.
With the Law 24/2007, there was a change from emergency response to risk management, a
change of handling to manage the disaster, from panic to troubleshooting, from the protection of the
government as a gift to the protection of the rights of the people, and of the extraordinary issue of
disaster management as a common task for governance and development.
In the very short age, this is something that stands out in an effort to DM in
Indonesia, the phenomenon of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). BNPB
deemed successful in bringing disaster management efforts into everyone's business and
increase the sense of security from the risk of disaster.
Therefore, We - The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, propose BNPB as a
recipient of the Sasakawa Award for Disaster Risk Reduction 2013 by the United Nations
Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR).
We would like to thank many people who helped the implementation of this effort.
Hopefully this effort can be increasingly improve the role various stakeholders in disaster
management efforts and enhance the sense of security from the risk of disasters in
Indonesia.
Jakarta, 13 Februari 2013
Best regards,
Avianto Muhtadi Munir Head of Indonesia National Platform
ii
Contact Person “BNPB for Sasakawa Award 2013”
Trinirmalaningrum
cell: +62-817-6716-970
Email: [email protected]
Djuni Pristiyanto
cell: +62-821-1327-2587
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
To facilitate correspondence, the printed materials to be addressed to:
Planas's team for Sasakawa Award 2013
d/a: Perkumpulan SKALA
Jl. Ragunan Raya No. 9, Jati Padang, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan
Telp/fax: 021-78841216
1 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Concept Paper
Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Why National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) deserve for Sasakawa Award
Disaster Reduction 2013? This is the basic key question of the nomination BNPB as
Sasakawa Award recipient (Sasakawa Award for Disaster Risk Reduction) 2013. Sasakawa
Award is a very prestigious award at the international level are conducted every two
years by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). In 2009 Dr. Eko
Teguh Paripurno (Kang ET), Head of the Centre for Disaster Management Studies (PSMB)
National Development University (UPN) Veteran Yogyakarta get Sasakawa Award for his
contribution and his outstanding commitment to disaster risk reduction and capacity
building at the grassroots level.
BNPB formed on January 26, 2008 along with the issuance of Presidential Decree
No. 8 of 2008 on the National Disaster Management Agency (Presidential Decree No.
8/2008). The formation of BNPB is a mandate of the Law No. 24 Year 2007 on Disaster
Management (Law 24/2007) passed on 26 April 2007. In the five-years, BNPB (2008-
2013) has a lot of achievements in providing protection to the public from the threat of
disasters in countries that are known to be prone to these disasters. Of course in the
process of disaster management (DM), BNPB cannot work alone, and working together
with all parties concerned with this issue, both in the Ministry/Agency at the national
level, local government at the provincial and district / city, civil society, private sector,
and international institutions and the community at the grassroots level. Although there
are many shortcomings, BNPB seen managed to bring disaster management efforts the
issue of disaster into everyone's business and increase the sense of security from the risk
of disaster.
2 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Based on Indonesia Disaster Prone Index (IRBI)1 provided by BNPB, there are 396
districts / cities (80%) had higher index from 492 disaster-prone districts / cities in
Indonesia. In the past ten years (2004-2011) Indonesia hit by major disasters with a total
loss of Rp 106.7 triliun.2 The catastrophic events including the earthquake and tsunami
in Aceh and Nias (2004), earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java (2006), the West
Sumatra earthquake (2007), flooding in Jakarta (2007), Bengkulu earthquake (2007),
West Sumatra earthquake (2009), Mentawai tsunami (2010), Wasior flash floods (2010),
the eruption of Mount Merapi (2010) , as well as Mount Merapi cold lava (2011).
Those disasters are not included the Jakarta floods in late 2012 and early 2013.
Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo on January 22, 2013 at City Hall, Central Jakarta
estimates, the losses caused by the floods that hit the capital reached USD 20 triliun.3
1 Indonesia Disaster Prone Index (IRBI) is an index prone analisys tools that shows disaster's tracking and his lost that renew binually.
See: Lilik Kurniawan, etc, "Indeks Rawan Bencana Indonesia", BNPB, Jakarta 2011.
2 BNPB Perss release, April 1, 2012. (http://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/dana-bencana-hanya-33-dari-total-subsidi-bbm). Accessed at 5
Januari 2013.
3 Jokowi: Kerugian Banjir Jakarta Capai Rp 20 T (http://news.liputan6.com/read/494273/jokowi-kerugian-banjir-jakarta-capai-rp-20-
t). accessed at 5 Februari 2013.
3 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Before the existence of the Law 24/2007, the DM administration was not done
specifically, in this case the adhoc implemented through the National Coordinating Agency for
Disaster Management (Bakornas) at the national level, the Coordinating Unit for Disaster
Management and Refugees (Satkorlak) at the provincial level, and Implementation Unit for
Disaster and Refugee (Satlak) at the district/city. The legal foundation of Bakornas is the
Presidential Decree No. 83 Year 2005 on National Coordinating Agency for Disaster Management
(Presidential Decree No. 83/2005). In principle, this adhoc agencies working only in emergency
respons, and at the pre-and post-disaster the agencies are in idle status. At that time also there
was no funding, both from the National Income and Expenditure Budget (APBN) and Local
Income and Expenditure Budget (APBD) to be used specifically in efforts to DM; government
funds in the allowance allocations that are not clear on what purpose and it only can be used
during emergency response.
The effort of DM administration's get serious attention from President Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono. In the President direction on 12 September 2007 at the Pesisir
Selatan District, West Sumatra, at Bengkulu and West Sumatra earthquake (7.9
magnitude) i.e. (1) The main responsibly of Local government district / municipality as
disaster management operations in the region, (2 ) The Government of the province
close to the affected area immediately mobilize all available resources at the provincial
level, (3) Provide assistance of resources to extremly untreated areas, (4) Involving
military and Police, and (5) Activate early warning system to save more human lives.
After the era of Law 24/2007 emerging regulation in DM, DM established
institutions that specifically deal with the implementation of DM, DM in the
development planning, funding from the state budget and the budget for pre-disaster
activities - during and post disaster, as the implementation of disaster management.
In the regulation area of DM after Law 24/2007, there are one national
regulation, three government rules, 10 presidential decree, large number of rules K/L
related to DM (BNPB, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Home
Affairs, Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries , Ministry of Social, Ministry of National
Education, and others) as well as local regulations at the provincial and district/city level.
4 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
The disaster management effort became a national priority. In the National
Medium Development Plan (RPJMN) 2010-2014. DM sector as priority number nine of
eleven national priorities, namely "National Priorities 9th, Environment and Disaster
Management". Conservation and sustainable use of the environment to support
economic growth and sustainable prosperity, with control and disaster risk management
to anticipate climate change. Therefore, the core substance of the action program on the
environment and disaster management is climate change, environmental damage
control, early warning systems and disaster management. Especially with regard to
disaster management program adopted by the disaster management capacity building
by (1) strengthening the capacity of government officials and the public in an effort to
mitigate risk and disaster management and forest fire hazard in 33 provinces, and (2) the
establishment of the rapid action team (a special unit of disaster ) with support
equipment and adequate transportation to the base in two strategic locations (Jakarta
and Malang) that can reach all parts of Indonesia.
Furthermore, the planning then implemented into Government Work Plan (RKP)
and Budget Work Plan (RKA) provide by the government annually. In addition, each
ministries and Local government agencies embeded disaster management issues into
the Strategic Plan (Renstra) respectively, it is certainly related to the duties and functions
of each agency. Coordination framework development planning in general with disaster
management planning can be seen in the picture next to it.4
4 Dr. Suprayoga Hadi, Director of Special Region and Undevelop Area - BAPPENAS, “Workshop Control Self Assessment (CSA)
Emergency Respons in Disaster MAnagement”, Hotel Aston, Bandung, 10 Februari 2009.
5 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Disaster management issues are also manifest in the National Plan for Disaster
Management (Renas PB) 2010-2014 and the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction
(RAN PRB) 2010-2012. 33 provinces throughout Indonesia, facilitated by BNPB, also has created
disaster risk maps and Disaster Management Plan (RPB). In some areas there is also already has
a Provincial Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (RAD PRB), for example in the province of
Yogyakarta and West Sumatra.
Renas PB and RPB are planning documents for five years which is based on the
mandate of Article 35-36 of Law 24/2007. Those document contains policies, strategies,
programs and priorities focus of Indonesia's disaster management, which will be
implemented within the next five years. Meanwhile, RAN/RAD PRB is the elaboration
programs and priority focus of Renas PB/RPB in the activities of disaster risk reduction
(DRR) in more detail. RAN/RAD PRB is based on the mandate of the Government
Regulation Number 21 of 2008 on the Implementation of Disaster Management (PP
21/2008). This document is also a manifestation of Indonesia's commitment to the
6 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action for Disaster Risk Reduction 2005-
2015.
Renas PB/RPB implemented by the central government, while RAN/RAD PRB
implemented by governments, non-governmental organizations, private sectors, universities and
other relevant stakeholders. Both Renas PB/RPB and RAN/RAD PRB is an important document
that provides the foundation and framework for all activities of disaster management in
Indonesia. The preparation of both documents is also in line with the establishment of DM as
one of the next national priorities in RPJMN 2010-2014. Renas PB/RPB and RAN/RAD PRB
describe in detail these priorities in its programs and activities.
Specialized institutions dealing with disaster management based on Law 24/2007
is BNPB at the national level and the Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) at the
provincial and district/city. Until now 399 BPBD formed consisting of 33 provincial and
366 BPBD BPBD District/City (74% of 497 districts/cities in Indonesia).5
It is widely recognized that the BPBDs capacity still very weak. There is a kind of
"wishful thinking" that by age BPBD still a "baby" only in various regions will
immediately become effective in the administration of DM. Consequently, criticism of
BPBD rarely fair enaough, regardless of the obstacles of the internal and external
national and local institutions. Problems related to institutions at the local and national
levels, include BPBD formation rate in the district/city, when human resources (technical
knowledge, administrative and epistemic) as the weakest point of both the central and
regional levels; weak of planning coordination and implementation; coordination in
awareness of disaster prone communities; vertical synchronization policy (central vs.
local), disaster risk reduction has become a government strategic issue; lack of DRR
strategic policy; sustainability of BPBDs under Regulation of local government leader
(Regent/Mayor) susceptible to political volatility of local budgets; project competition
5 Disaster Management Evaluation -2012, Disaster Predict and Anticipate 2013
(http://www.bnpb.go.id/website/asp/berita_list.asp?id=1128). Accessed at 5 Januari 2013.
7 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
(Sector versus BPBD/BNPB); the weakness of law/policy enforcement and lack of
leadership at the national and local level.6
Funding in disaster management specifically regulated by Government
Regulation No. 22 Year 2008 on Disaster Relief Funding and Management (PP 22/2008).
In Article 4 of Regulation 22/2008 states that (1) DM funs being shared between the
government and the local government (budget sharing), (2) DM funds from APBN, APBD,
and community. In DM funds also known the contingency fund, on-call budget and
grants.
Contingency funds provided in the budget for disaster preparedness activities.
BNPB's on-call budget can be use during emergency response. Local governments can
provide funding by their on-plate budget in BPBD's. On-Plate budget should be available
as needed during emergency response. Social assistance grant funds can be provided for
activities in post-disaster phase (rehabilitation and reconstruction).
From the point of funding there is increasing of the amount in the State budget
for disaster management, in 2012, the have budget about Rp9, 5 trillion or 0.77% of the
total state budget. These funds not only for the purposes of emergency response and
recovery, but also for disaster risk reduction (DRR). Especially for disaster funding
allocated through BNPB ia about Rp1.045 billion in 2013.7 State budget funds were
spread across 37 ministries/ agencies that have programs in DM. For emergency relief
they provided on-call budget Rp4 trillion stored in Ministry of Finance but BNPB
possibly to access that fund anytime they need by approval of Parliament to witdraw it.
The main disadvantage of the scheme above is still coming from the state budget, while
funding from the budget is still in very small amount. Nationally, there are an average of
6 Jonatan A. Lassa, Status Quo Kelembagaan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana di Indonesia (Institutional Status Quo for Disaster Risk
Reduction In Indonesia), MPBI Discussion Paper No. # 2010 3. Uploaded at MPBI's mailing list at 23 November 2010.
7 Opening speech of Presiden Soesilo Bambang YudhoyonoFifth Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction –
AMCDRR V) on 23 Oktober 2012 di Yogyakarta. (http://bnpb.go.id/website/asp/berita_list.asp?id=1055). Accessed at 24
Oktober 2012.
8 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
a year to Rp12, 5 billion budget spread across 37 ministries/agencies to DM, while BNPB
only have Rp1, 34 trillion annualy.8
On the other hand, the need for post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction in
Indonesia will cost around Rp30 trillion, the availability of reserve funds for PB only Rp 4
trillion. Meanwhile, the average budget in the province BPBD only 0.38% of the local
budget, even in the district/city budget, less than 0.1% of the total budget.9
According to Head of BNPB, the small budget in this area to local government
due to relatively minimal attention of local legislative on the disaster issue. This
condition, will be a tough challenge because for the next few years there is an increasing
trend to disaster.10
In the field of planning and funding of the DM running either in colaboration
actions of ministries/agencies, i.e. the National Development Planning Agency
(Bappenas), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Interior, the State Audit, Financial and
Development Supervisory Agency (BPK), House of Representatives (DPR) , and related
ministries/agencies. While at the local level there are BPBD, Regional Representatives
Council (parliament), the Regional Development Planning Board (Bappeda), BPKP, and
other related local government organizations. Realizing the weakness of BPBDs, both at
the provincial and district/city, in the area of institutional capacity, human resources and
financial, BNPB providing a series of capacity building to BPBDs throughout Indonesia.
This activity running by the BNPB alone, but in collaboration with the parties
concerned with the DM and the local government, both at the provincial and
district/city. Capacity building is provided with assistancy in making disaster risk analysis,
disaster risk mapping, compiling disaster management plan, facilitate the establishment
8 Head of BNPB, Dr. Syamsul Maarif M.Si., (http://news.liputan6.com/read/458416/kepala-bnpb-dana-bencana-rp-4-t-yang-cair-baru-
rp-200-m). Accessed at 5 Januari 2013.
9 BENCANA ALAM: Waduh, Jumlah Anggaran Penanggulangan Bencana di Daerah Kurang dari 0,1%
(http://www.solopos.com/2013/02/05/bencana-alam-waduh-jumlah-anggaran-penanggulangan-bencana-di-daerah-kurang-dari-01-
375550). Accessed at 12 Februari 2013.
10 idem
9 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
of DRR Forum, facilitate Disaster Resilient Village, contingency planning, and conducting
related training issues on DM to the BPBD's local staffs.
In terms of implementation of capacity building activities, BNPB take a joint
action with international institutions, such as the Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster
Reduction (AIFDR), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the United Nations
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the International
Organization for Migration (IOM), and others. In principle, cooperation conducted
between BNPB, international agencies, BPBDs atthe provincial and district/city level,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local communities at the village level.
Implementation activities focused in BPBD districts/cities level. There is AIFDR's activities
in South Sulawesi, West Sumatra, East Nusa Tenggara and East Java. With financial
support from AIFDR, OXFAM conducting activities in Papua, West Papua, West Nusa
Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. Meanwhile, with financial support also AIFDR as well,
IOM conducting activities in West Java. Additionally JICA also provide assistance in North
Sulawesi. Meanwhile, UNOCHA facilitate contingency planning in East Java and West
Sumatra.
In the implementation of disaster management, there is also building the
networking of stakeholders to reduce disaster risk. Although not specifically provided in
Law 24/2007 but in practice these networks are accommodated and executed with the
forming of forums (platform) at the national, provincial, district/city, and thematic
forums as well. At the national level there is National Platform for DRR (Planas PRB), as a
multistakeholder forum membering by Government, Civil Society, private sectors,
Universities, Media and international agencies.
Planas PRB was formed on 28 April 2009, with the support of DRR stakeholders in
Indonesia, which consists of government, civil society, academia, business, media and
the international community. Planas PRB is an independent forum set up to encourage
and facilitate cooperation among various stakeholders in disaster risk reduction in
Indonesia. Planas PRB seeks to accommodate all disaster-related interests, and help
10 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
harmonize various policies, programs and activities of DRR at the national level, in order
to support the achievement of the objectives of DRR in Indonesia and the realization of
the nation's resilience and the resilience to disasters, in line with the goals of Hyogo
Framework for Action 2005-2015.
At the provincial level there are DRR Forum at NTT, Yogyakarta DRR Forum,
Forum PRB West Sumatera, and many more. There is about 10 provincial DRR Forum in
Indonesia right now. In addition there are thematic forums, such as the Forum mount
Merapi, Forum mount Slamet, Forum Bengawan Solo, and others. While at the
community level there are Pasak Merapi, Jangkar Kelud and others.
In the implementation of the disaster management agendas, there is a very
important role of volunteer. DM's volunteers is spearheading the implementation efforts
in the field. It is a manifestation of the application of Law 24/2007, that the person in
charge of the DM is not the task of the government alone, but the private sectors,
society and athers. Public can participate actively in disaster management, i.e. once by
the DM volunteer. Therefore the development of number and quality of volunteers is a
crucial matter. At this time there are 30,320 recognized volunteers.11 In effort of DM in
Indonesia, the role and management of volunteers Regulation by Head of National
Disaster No. 17 Year 2011 on Guidelines for Disaster Volunteers (Perka BNPB 17/2011).
As one of the government's efforts to boost disaster preparedness, and then
formed Disaster Rapid Response Unit (PB SRC). This unit formed on the directive from
the President in the United Indonesia Cabinet II trial which took place on 5 November
2009. In the Cabinet meeting, set out at the 100 firstdays, as the 15 priorities of Cabinet
and one of them is the area of preparedness in DM. BNPB, as the National Focal Point in
disaster management in Indonesia and then follows by the direction of the SRC PB was
formed and inaugurated by the Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare (Menkokesra)
11 Head of BNPB, Dr. Syamsul Maarif, M.SI. paper, National Coordination Meeting, 4-6 Februari 2013 di Hotel Bidakara, Jakarta.
11 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
on December 7, 2009 (SRC PB Western Region, with headquarters in Jakarta) and
December 17, 2009 (SRC PB Eastern Conference, with the center in Malang, East Java).
SRC is a DM joint unit of various institutions/agencies/organizations including the
national armed forces, such as the Indonesian National Army (TNI), the Indonesian
National Police (INP), BNPB, the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Social Affairs
(Kemsos), Ministry of Public Works (Ministry of Public Works), the National SAR Agency
(Basarnas) and the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), and others. This unit was formed as a
reinforcement in helping regional government to act immediately and scalable in
disaster management through the provision of technical assistance, equipment and
logistical support to the disaster beyond the ability of local governments to deal with,
especially in the period of panic (panic period).
SRC PB has given a great contribution in providing humanitarian assistance both
at national and international levels. At the international level, this unit has contributed
to the implementation of emergency response earthquake in Haiti, floods in Pakistan,
humanitarian aid for victims of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, and others.
Meanwhile, at the national level, these units have participated actively in improving
national preparedness in Bengkulu Province, Central Java, East Nusa Tenggara Province,
Central Sulawesi province, and others.
In this framework, capacity building and preparedness took BNPB to build a
center for humanitarian aid, it is expected to be the best or centers of excellence
trainning center in Southeast Asia, especially in Asia and the Pacific in general. This
trainning center was named Indonesia's Center for Disaster Relief (Ina-Direct) built on 4
hectares covering an area of 2.25 ha in area Sentul, Bogor, 45 km from Jakarta or about
40 minutes from central Jakarta. The planning and building design Ina-Direct has been
carried out in 2011, while construction is expected to be implemented in 2012 and
completed in 2013.
12 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Ina-Direct Development is on direct orders from the President to increase the
capacity and skills in overcoming the disaster. Indonesia is located in disaster prone areas
and should therefore be a disaster laboratories on a worldwide level. Ina-Direct goal is a
prototype Operations Control Center and the Center for Training and Simulation
(Pusdalops); Headquarters and Secretariat SRC PB; This trainning academy providing
international standard training for disaster management at the national and regional
levels, from operational practitioners to decision makers, and Threat Monitoring and
Assessment Center Disaster Risk and Disaster Information.
Disasters resilience imposed especially at the community level. This program
introduced for Disaster Resilient Village. President of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono, elaborates on Disaster Resilient Village as the first point of the six-point tips
the Indonesian government sought DRR. Exposure was delivered in a keynote speech at
the opening of the 5th Ministerial Conference for the Asia Disaster Reduction (The 5th
AMCDRR) on October 23, 2012 in Yogyakarta. The President said, "Toughness can be
obtained through the local village development tough." According to the President, in
the context of the archipelago like Indonesia, natural disasters affecting the coastal and
inland villages. DRR initiatives tailored to the characteristics of the typical villages like
Kampung Siaga (Prepared Villages) for rural and Resilient Coastal Village at coastal
regions.
Understanding rural/urban disaster resilient is the independent ability to adapt
and face the threat of disaster, and recover quickly from the adverse impact of the
disaster, when disaster attack. Disaster Resilient Village is set in the Regulation of the
Head of National Disaster Management Agency Number 1 Year 2012 About General
Guidelines for Rural / Urban Disaster Resilient (Perka BNPB 1/2012).12 The basic concept
of the Resilient Village notion borrowed from the work of John Twigg, entitled
"Characteristics of a Disaster-Resilient Community: A Guidance Note". John Twigg
defines disaster resilient communities in a region where (1) to absorb shock and
12 John Twigg. The Characteristic of Resilient Community: A Guideline Note. Edition 1. Agustus 2007
13 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
pressure, either through adaptation or resistance, (2) Ability to maintain basic structure
and continues to function even in a disaster, and (3) to recover and bouncy behind after
adverse events.
Four requirements of a village / sub can be called a village / Urban Disaster
Resilient, namely (1) Has the ability to self-adapt and face the threat of disaster, (2) Able
to recover quickly from the adverse impact of disasters, (3) has a development plan
containing DRR efforts and capacity building, and (4) able to recognize threats in the
region and are able to organize community resources to reduce disaster risks.
Indicators program to run the Village Disaster Resilient among these volunteers
(including Forum PRB), community-based Disaster Management Plan, the Community
Action Plan for DRR, community-based early warning systems, contingency plans
(including evacuation plans), and the risk financing. Of course, the implementation of
the Rural/Urban Disaster Resilient should sinergized and synchronized with other
government agencies and non-governmental organizations as institutions/agencies that
have similar programs at Rural/Urban, only the name and the theme was different but
the principle is the same , the resilience of communities against threats. Examples of
programs from other agencies such as Kampung Siaga by Ministry of Health, Desa
Mandiri Pangan by the Ministry of Agriculture, PNPM by the Ministry of Public Works,
Desa Tangguh by Ministry of Rural Development, and others. Based on data BNPB and
AIFDR as of February 18, 2013 there are 1023 villages / sub-villages involved in the
program by strengthening various parties with different program names.13 Various
parties implementing tough village, BNPB (Rural / Urban Disaster Resilient), Ministry of
Maritime Affairs and Fisheries - Resilient Coastal Village Program, Ministry of Manpower
and Transmigration (Community Empowerment, Development and the Institute of
Agricultural Economics), USAID ( Indonesia Marine and Climate Support - IMACS
Project), United Nations Development Program - UNDP (Safer Community for Disaster
Risk Reduction), Livelihood, Disaster Risk Reduction - Aceh (DRRA), Deutsche
13 Interviewed with Mr. Chasan Ascholani, AIFDR's Consultant for BNPB at 18 Februari 2013.
14 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit - GIZ (GITEWS - Capacity Building for
Local Community), Oxfam GB (Building Resilience), Arbeiter Bund Samariter - ASB
(Disaster Preparedness for Youth - KMBP, livestock contingency planning, Building
Community Resilience - MKM, Livelihood), IOM (Access To Finance And Capacity Building
For Micro And Small Enterprises - AFCBMSE, Enhancing Disaster Preparedness And
Response Capacity In Garut District, West Java - EDPRC), Mercy Corps (API changes,
ACCCRN), Red Cross Indonesia - PMI (Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction -
FIRST, Community Based Disaster Preparedness - KBBM, Community Awareness - CA),
Daya Annisa (CBDRM, Sustainable Livelihood), and the SHEEP Indonesia (PRBBM
Coalition Muria, CBDRM Juwana DAS).
Based on Perka BNPB 1/2012 details the indicators for the analysis of strong
village above include legislation, planning, capacity building, disaster management
operations. Legislation includes policies/regulations in the village/sub-district on
PB/PRB. Planning includes disaster management plan, the Community Action Plan,
and/or Contingency Plan. Capacity building includes training for local government,
training for volunteer teams, training for villagers, involvement/participation of the
villagers, and the involvement of women in the team of volunteers.
Implementation of PB include maps and risk analysis, maps and evacuation
routes, early warning systems, implementation of structural mitigation (physical), the
pattern of resistance to reduce the vulnerability of the economy, health protection to
vulnerable groups, natural resource management for disaster management plan, and the
main productive assets protection.
For DM efforts at the national level provided by building a system of DM,
promote DRR, increase public awareness, strengthen local capacity and build
international cooperation. In international cooperation in the field, Indonesia has
numbers of international assistance, e.g. tsunami Aceh and Nias (2004), Yogyakarta-
Central Java earthquake (2006), the West Sumatra earthquake (2009), and others.
Besides, Indonesia also provides assistance in neighboring countries attacking by
15 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
disasters, such as Philippines, Myanmar, China, Pakistan, Haiti, Australia, Japan, and
others. International cooperation in the field of disaster management by partnership,
the scheme of partnership; bilateral and multilateral partnerships. Examples of bilateral
partnership; Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction/AIFDR (Australian
Government Overseas Aid Program/AusAID), Japan (Japan International Cooperation
Agency/JICA), New Zealand (New Zealand Aid Programme/ NZ Aid), Germany (Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit/GTZ), the United States (United States
Agency for International Development/USAID), Turkey, Italy, Russia and others.
Example for multilateral partnerships; ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management/ ACDM, Asian Disaster Reduction Center/ADRC, ASEAN Regional
Forum/ARF, the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction/ISDR - Asia
Partnership/IAP, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery/GFDRR, Disaster
Preparedness ECHO/DIPECHO - European Commission's humanitarian aid
department/ECHO (European Union), the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction,
and others. Indonesia is considered to be successful in implementing the ASEAN
Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF direx) 2011 as a exercise forum for ASEAN
members. Direx ARF held in Manado, North Sulawesi on 14 - 19 March 2011, followed by
the 23 countries of the 27 countries originally intended to be present. Indonesia and
Japan as the Joint Chairman in the activity. Activites on ARF direx divided into two ,
indoors training activities (table top exercise - TTX) and outdoors direct training (top field
exercise - FTX).
ARF activities in direx TTX is followed by a total of 225 participants. There were
106 participants from the international community, 23 ARF member countries, 7
internasinal institutions (ASEAN Secreatariat, AHA Center, UNOCHA, UNICEF, WHO, WFP,
IFRC) and 119 national participants (ministries/agencies, BNPB, PMI, academia, private
sector, NGOs and volunteers). TTX ARF direx prepared an effective forum for raising
awareness on emergency response coordination mechanisms in countries affected by
the disaster, donors and the humanitarian community. It is very important to recognize
16 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
that all the international assistance provided to support countries and disaster affected
population and regulations, in terms and tribute to the culture and local customs.
FTX ARF activities in direx 2011 followed by 3575 participants in total, comprising
3530 participants from Indonesia and 455 participants from abroad (China, EU,
Singapore, India, Phillipina, East Timor, Japan, Australia, Mongolia). FTX activities include
land operation (there were 88 events per day), marine operations (there are 72 activities
each day and total of 18 different types of ships) and air operations (there are 49 times
the flights and total of 10 airplanes and various types of helicopters). Field activities;
such as training of natural disaster evacuation by land, sea and air as well the social
activities ranging from free health care, road construction, installation of water
purification equipment and the construction of a meeting hall of the people. All the
activities have been successfully carried out smoothly, successfully and according to
plan.
The appreciation from the international community towards achieving DM
implementation efforts, particularly in the field of DRR in Indonesia has increased when
the World Sector Leader Award for Disaster Reduction (Global Champion for Disaster
Risk Reduction) to the President of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The award
was announced by the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), Ban Ki Moon in
Geneva at the event of the 3rd Session Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in
Geneva, Switzerland on May 10, 2011.14
The awarding of the event coincided with the ASEAN, which Indonesia as ASEAN
Chair, the President can not be present in Geneva. Acceptance of the award represented
by DR. Syamsul Maarif as Head of BNPB and Head of the Republic Indonesia Delegation.
The United Nations represented by the United Nations Special Representative of the
14
Presiden RI Peroleh Penghargaan "Global Champion for Disaster Risk Reduction"
(http://www.antaranews.com/berita/258029/presiden-ri-peroleh-penghargaan-global-champion-for-disaster-risk-reduction) dan
Pers Release PRESIDEN RI TERIMA 'GLOBAL CHAMPION FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION'
(http://bnpb.go.id/website/asp/berita_list.asp?id=445). Diakses tanggal 11 Mei 2011.
17 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction, Margareta Wahlstrom, witnessed several
heads of state, ministers and 2,500 invitations from 160 countries. This Award is a very
prestigious because it is only given to a head of state in the world. That is not an annual
award or periodic. At the global scale is now known as 2 figures associated with the Al
Gore environmental issues as global climate change leaders and Mr. Presiden Susilo
BAmbang Yudhoyono as worldly disaster risk reduction.
Under the leadership of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesia is
considered by the United Nations has achieved remarkable progress in DRR. by this
award, the expection also to speeding the disaster reduction efforts in the world. On
that occasion the President delivered his speech via teleconference that he felt grateful
for the award as the result of hard work from all of Indonesian.
"I accept this as recognition of the determination and hard work of all Indonesian
in responding to the challenges of natural disasters, " he said. According to the
president, Indonesia is the country most vulnerable to natural disasters and as a
consequence, disasters have become so ingrained in the national mindset. If there is
something new in the strategy of short, medium and long term disaster risk reduction
development planning. Indonesia has established a law in 2007 that made the disaster
management plan is a mandatory factor in all good developments in the factories,
buildings, infrastructure, offices, schools, homes, and others.
UN Secretary General, Ban Ki Moon said that the award is expected to be a
driving force for the international community to follow the example of the success of the
Government of Indonesia in raising awareness of disaster prevention, and implement
effective national policis. UN chief also take this opportunity to express appreciation to
the President as a global champion in the disaster management planning for the success
of Indonesia adopted and implemented a policies in this area as well.
The GOI also appreciated the contribution that active in disaster risk prevention
policies at all levels, and to encourage increased investment in disaster risk prevention.
18 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
Besides, Indonesia has also been successful in organizing a Ministerial
Conference on Disaster Reduction. The 5th AMCDRR held in Yogyakarta on June 22 -
October 25, 2012 and attended by 2600 participants from 72 countries, including two
heads of state and 25 ministers. The 5th AMCDRR produces Yogyakarta Declaration on
DRR as an efforts in the Asia Pacific region.
Important issues are summarized in Yogyakarta Declaration that should be a
concern of all parties include: (1) Integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate
change adaptation (CCA) into development planning at the local level, (2) Conduct local
risk assessment and budgeting, (3) Strengthening local risks governance and partnership,
(4) Building the resilience of local communities, (5) Working in DRR framework after
2015, (6) Reduce the underlying risk factors, and (7) Implements cross-cutting issue in
the Hyogo Framework for Action. It should be the primary consideration in the
declaration is that countries in the Asia Pacific region recognize the growing number of
disasters and climate change in the last two years are very significant.
In a press conference after the closing The 5th AMCDRR, Special Representative
of the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) for Disaster Risk Reduction and
Head of the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Margareta Wahlstrom said the
conference is a major breakthrough in the ascertainment in building resilience to
disasters and reduction of the risk has been engraved in the post-2015 development
agenda. The world has always relied on Asia as a leader in disaster management and
Yogyakarta Declaration clearly outlines each other what this region hope to a new
international agreement on disaster risk reduction.15
Thus, although BNPB was only "a five-year-old baby", but has gained a lot of
achievements in implementing the mandate of Act 24/2007, which provides protection
to the public from the threat of disaster. Although there are many shortcomings, BNPB
seen managed to bring disaster management efforts so that into everyone's business
15
Jogjakarta Declaration as the result of The 5th AMCDRR (http://bnpb.go.id/website/asp/berita_list.asp?id=1062). Accessed 27
Oktober 2012.
19 | Concept Paper Sasakawa Award 2013 for BNPB
and increase the sense of security from the risk of disaster. And therefore, BNPB become
eligible to obtain Sasakawa Award 2013.
=== ooo ===
