Individuals Individuals with Emotional with Emotional

or Behavioral or Behavioral DisordersDisorders

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Defining Emotional or Defining Emotional or Behavioral DisordersBehavioral Disorders

Federal definition:Federal definition:““a condition exhibiting one or more of the a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational adversely affects a child's educational performance”performance” Inability to learn not explained by other Inability to learn not explained by other factorsfactors

Inability to have interpersonal peer Inability to have interpersonal peer relationshipsrelationships

Inappropriate behavior or feelings under normal Inappropriate behavior or feelings under normal circumstancescircumstances

Pervasive mood or depression or unhappinessPervasive mood or depression or unhappiness Tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears Tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears

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Defining Emotional or Defining Emotional or Behavioral DisordersBehavioral Disorders

DisturbedDisturbed (occurs in many settings, habitual and (occurs in many settings, habitual and part of the individual behavior pattern) vs. part of the individual behavior pattern) vs. disturbing behavior disturbing behavior (inappropriate behavior in (inappropriate behavior in some situationssome situations

Social maladjustment Social maladjustment – social not emotional – social not emotional behaviors inhibit developmentbehaviors inhibit development

Dimensions common to most definitions of emotional Dimensions common to most definitions of emotional and behavioral disorders:and behavioral disorders:– Frequency (rate) of occurrenceFrequency (rate) of occurrence– Intensity (severity) of behaviorIntensity (severity) of behavior– Duration (length of time) of behaviorDuration (length of time) of behavior– Age-appropriateness of the behaviorAge-appropriateness of the behavior

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Classification of Individuals Classification of Individuals with Emotional or Behavioral with Emotional or Behavioral

DisordersDisorders Clinically derived classification systemsClinically derived classification systems

– The The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text RevisionDisorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM- (DSM-IV-TR ) provides criteria IV-TR ) provides criteria

– Diagnosis involves observation of behavior over Diagnosis involves observation of behavior over time and across different settingstime and across different settings

Statistically derived classification systemsStatistically derived classification systems– Involves categories of disordered behaviorsInvolves categories of disordered behaviors

Externalizing behaviors “undercontrolled Externalizing behaviors “undercontrolled disorders”disorders”– Aggressiveness, tempure tantrums, acting out, Aggressiveness, tempure tantrums, acting out, noncompliancenoncompliance

Internalizing behaviors “overcontrolled Internalizing behaviors “overcontrolled disorders”disorders”– Withdrawal, depression, anxietyWithdrawal, depression, anxiety

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Classification of Individuals Classification of Individuals with Emotional or Behavioral with Emotional or Behavioral

DisordersDisorders

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Conceptual Models of Conceptual Models of EmotionalEmotional

or Behavioral Disordersor Behavioral Disorders

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Conceptual Models of Conceptual Models of EmotionalEmotional

or Behavioral Disorders or Behavioral Disorders (continued)(continued)

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Conceptual Models of Conceptual Models of EmotionalEmotional

or Behavioral Disorders or Behavioral Disorders (continued)(continued)

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Prevention of Emotional or Prevention of Emotional or Behavioral DisordersBehavioral Disorders Research on resiliencyResearch on resiliency

Research on positive behavioral supportResearch on positive behavioral support

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Characteristics of Students Characteristics of Students with Emotional or Behavioral with Emotional or Behavioral

Disorders Disorders Learning characteristicsLearning characteristics

– Range of intellectual abilities, chronic Range of intellectual abilities, chronic school failure, absenteeism, grade school failure, absenteeism, grade retention, school dropoutretention, school dropout

Social characteristicsSocial characteristics– Difficulty building and maintaining Difficulty building and maintaining relationships, aggressive behavior, relationships, aggressive behavior, experience rejection, externalizing and experience rejection, externalizing and internalizing behaviorsinternalizing behaviors

Language/communication characteristicsLanguage/communication characteristics– Deficits in area of pragmatics, limited or Deficits in area of pragmatics, limited or inappropriate language useinappropriate language use

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Assessment of Students with Assessment of Students with Emotional or Behavioral Emotional or Behavioral

Disorders Disorders Assessment strategies include:Assessment strategies include: Interviews with student, parents, and Interviews with student, parents, and teachersteachers

Examination of student recordsExamination of student records Parent, teacher, and student rating Parent, teacher, and student rating scalesscales

Observations in multiple natural settingsObservations in multiple natural settings Medical evaluationsMedical evaluations Standardized academic and IQ testingStandardized academic and IQ testing Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) Other measures as appropriateOther measures as appropriate

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Where are Students with Where are Students with Emotional or Behavioral Emotional or Behavioral

Disorders Educated?Disorders Educated?

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Proactive Classroom Proactive Classroom SuggestionsSuggestions

Utilize class schedules and place them in Utilize class schedules and place them in prominent locationsprominent locations

Intersperse difficult tasks with easier onesIntersperse difficult tasks with easier ones Alternate active and passive types of learning Alternate active and passive types of learning activitiesactivities

Adjust length of activities and/or the scheduleAdjust length of activities and/or the schedule Review and discuss the schedule frequentlyReview and discuss the schedule frequently Inform students in advance of schedule changesInform students in advance of schedule changes Schedule daily opening and closing activitiesSchedule daily opening and closing activities Consider the physical classroom arrangementConsider the physical classroom arrangement Encourage teacher-student relationshipsEncourage teacher-student relationships Teach self-monitoring strategiesTeach self-monitoring strategies Teach social skills and provide opportunities Teach social skills and provide opportunities for practicefor practice

Develop crisis prevention and management Develop crisis prevention and management programsprograms

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Emotional or behavioral disorders are a Emotional or behavioral disorders are a predictor for school failure, delinquency, predictor for school failure, delinquency, adult psychiatric problems, and substance adult psychiatric problems, and substance abuseabuse

Absence of research on transition planning Absence of research on transition planning (time during the day when students move (time during the day when students move from one activity to another) for from one activity to another) for adolescents with emotional or behavioral adolescents with emotional or behavioral disorders disorders

Effective management of the physical Effective management of the physical environment includes proactively environment includes proactively addressing such areas asaddressing such areas as– Time managementTime management– Transition managementTransition management– Proximity and movement managementProximity and movement management– Good classroom management techniquesGood classroom management techniques

Strategies – have a bag Strategies – have a bag full!full!

MnemonicsMnemonics Self-monitoring Self-monitoring strategiesstrategies

Curriculum-based Curriculum-based measurementsmeasurements

Content Content enhancementenhancement

Social skills Social skills trainingtraining

Interpersonal Interpersonal problem solvingproblem solving

Conflict Conflict resolutionresolution

Crisis preventionCrisis prevention Management Management programsprograms

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Classroom level strategies

Academic/instructional strategies

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Family-Centered InterventionsFamily-Centered Interventions

Family-centered approach to Family-centered approach to planning for children with planning for children with emotional or behavioral emotional or behavioral disorders supports the family’s disorders supports the family’s needs.needs.

Recognize the family’s strengths Recognize the family’s strengths and concernsand concerns

Home-school collaboration is Home-school collaboration is essentialessential

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Issues of DiversityIssues of Diversity

Overrepresentation of African-Overrepresentation of African-American males in special American males in special education programs for children education programs for children with emotional or behavioral with emotional or behavioral disorders disorders

Female students are Female students are underrepresented in special underrepresented in special education programs for children education programs for children with emotional or behavioral with emotional or behavioral disorders disorders

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Technology and Individuals Technology and Individuals with Emotional or Behavioral with Emotional or Behavioral

Disorders Disorders