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Skill Variety 

Task significance

Feedback  Autonomy 

Task Identity 

Organization

Design

Group Design

Personal

Characteristics

(skill, knowledgeattitude)

Individual

Effectiveness

InputsDesign

Components outputs

 

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Organization Design

Organization design is concerned with the largerorganization within which the individual job is the smallest

unit

Groupdesign

Group design concerns the larger group or departmentcontaining the individual job. Like organization design,

group design is an essential part of the job context

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Personal Characteristics

Personal characteristics of individuals occupying jobs

include their age, education, experience, and skills and

abilities.

Personal characteristics can affect job performance as

well as how people react to job designs. Individual-Level

Diagnosis

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Five Key Dimensions

Skill Variety Task 

Identity 

Feedback Task 

Significance

 Autonomy 

 

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Individual Jobs Dimensions

 Autonomy The degree to which a job provides

freedom and discretion in scheduling the work anddetermining work methods.

Feedback  About Results The degree to which a jobprovides employee with direct and clear information

about the effectiveness of task performanceTask Significance The degree to which a job has a

significant impact on other people’s lives

Task Identity The degree to which the job requires

completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work Skill Variety The degree to which the job requires

a variety of different activities

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Job Characteristics Model - Hackman/Oldham

Skill Variety

Task Identity

Task 

Significance

Personal and Work 

Outcomes

Psychological

States

Core Job

Dimension

Feedback 

Autonomy

Experienced

meaningfulness of the

wok 

Experienced

responsibility for

outcomes of the work 

Knowledge of the actual

results of the work 

activities

High internal

work motivationHigh-quality

work 

performance

High

satisfaction with

the work Lowturnover

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Individual-Level Diagnosis

 What is the design of the larger organization within which the individual jobs are embedded?

What is the design of the group containing the

individual job?What are the personal characteristics of  jobholders?

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Individual-Level Diagnosis

o How much skill variety is included in the jobs?

o How much task identity do the jobs contain?

o How much task significance is involved in the jobs?o How much autonomy is included in the jobs?

o How much feedback about results do the jobs

contain?

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Thank you