- 1. Energy Alternate Solutions for Indias Needs IOC R&D
Centre Conference on India R&D 2005 Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi,
India Potential Alternate Fuels& Energy sources for India 8
thNov, 2005 Dr. R.P.Verma
2. Sustainability Generally avoiding human activities that
negatively impact natural environment But to sustain human growth
& progressmeeting their needs R&D scientists &
engineers to keep sustainability aspect in mindWhile developing new
technology/ alternate energy sources etc. 3. SOURCE:International
Energy Agency, Renewables inGlobal Energy Supply (2003) Renewables
Nuclear Coal Natural Gas Oil World Total Primary Energy Share 4.
SOURCE:International Energy Agency, Renewables in Global Energy
Supply (2003) Share of Renewables in Total TPES (%) 14.0% 13.3%
13.5% 13.8% 13.3% 12.9% 12.5% 12 World Total Primary Energy Supply
5. Energy Sources Indian Scenario 6. Challenges
- Continuous growth in energy requirement
- Stringent environmental regulations
- Soaring crude oil prices and
- Energy security for our country
Alternate fuels/ energy sources could be a solution 7.
Alternative fuels/ energy sources
- Gaseous fuels(LPG, CNG/LNG, Bio/ Gober (cow dung) gas
- Emerging fuels/ energy sources & technologies
- Gasification (Biomass/ coal/ Petcoke/ residue) & GTL
- Solar/ Solar- thermal energy
DFR preparation under progress (alongwith EPRI,USA) 8.
- Biofuels will ensure energy security of the country
- Biofuels production will generate employment opportunities for
rural masses
- Greening of waste lands by plantation
- Biofuels will promote integrated Holistic rural
development
Biofuels in Indian Perspective 9.
- Ethanol Molasses, Beet, Sorghum, sugar
- Transesterified vegetable oils
- In India: Likely candidates
-
-
- Karanjia (Pongamia-Pinneta)
Biofuels - Sources 10. Ethanol 11.
- Cold / hot startability and driveability studies
- Emission testing using alcohol blends
- Controlled field trials - fuel system compatability and engine
durability
R&D Studies Conducted at IOC usingEthanol Gasoline Blends
12.
- Pilot Projects have been launched in;
-
-
- - Miraj (Hazarwadi) on 15.4.2001
-
-
- - Manmad (Panewadi) on 24.6.2001
-
-
- - Bareilly (Anola) on 22.6.2001
5% Ethanol-gasoline Pilot Projects 13.
- Ethanol blending in Gasoline beyond 5% is yet to be approved by
vehicle manufacturers.
- Ethanol in diesel is not acceptable to fuel injection equipment
manufacturers.
- Ethanol is diesel also raises concern about safety on account
of lower Flash point.
- Sustained availability of Ethanol at reasonable price is
another issue of concern.
Issues related to Ethanol use in India 14.
- Oil Companies commissioned Pilot projectsin sugarcane growing
states as per the directives of MoP&NG
- IOC R&D undertaken detailed studies on a fleet of vehicles
using ethanol blends.
- Based on the success of 3 Pilot projects, Govt. made ethanol
blend mandatory in 9 states and 4 UTs .
- OMCs extended the supply of 5% ethanol gasoline blend in
various states during 2003 05.
- Adequate supply of ethanol is not available in the country
for
Status of Ethanol use in India 15. Biodiesel 16.
- Renewable source from vegetable seeds/ oils
- Non-toxic and biodegradable
- Lower greenhouse gas emissions than diesel
- Lower exhaust emissions from engines
- Better fuel properties than diesel like cetane number, sulphur
content, lubricity, flash point etc.
Biodiesel An Emerging Renewable Option 17. Jatropha &
Karanjia,Vegitable plants of Choice for India 18.
- Developed process for esterification of vegetable oils and
already produced several batches of bio-diesel from various
vegetable oils
- Physico-chemical testing of HSD and Biodiesel blends
- Storage Stability and Material Compatibility Studies
- Startability, Driveability, power and Mass emission tests on
vehicles
- Chemical Speciation of Particulate Matter (Pm) collected during
emission testing
Biodiesel Studies at IOC R&D 19.
- Trans-esterification process optimization, patentingand
commercialization, Know How Transferred toM/s Venus Ethoxyethers,
Goaon Technology Fee and Royalty basis
- Testing of LOCO engine with Biodiesel and diesel blends jointly
withRDSO
- Vehicle performance and Emission studies jointly withEscorts,
Tata motors and Mahindra & Mahindra
- Field trials on buses jointly withHaryana Roadways, Gujarat
Roadways & Tata Motors
IOC Initiatives on Biodiesel 20.
- Jatropha plantation on 70 Ha of Railway land.
- Studies on 16 Cylinder ALCO Engine (3100 HP) on B5, B10 and
B20.
- Shatabdi & Jan Shatabadi Train Trial Runs conducted earlier
& 5 Trains through Lucknow to run on 10% Bio-diesel from June,
06.
IOC Indian Railways MoU 21.
- Evaluation of neat diesel and upto B20 on 4 passenger cars and
2 Light Commercial vehicles
- Engine oil condition monitoring, Material compatibility and
durability of engine to be assessed by Tata Motors
- Tata Motors Employee buses 43 Nos. already running on B10 in
Pune.
Tata Motors IOC Joint Project 22.
- 20 buses running on 5% Biodiesel blend for almost one year
- Driveability performance observed satisfactoryand smoke found
lower
- Based on the success of trials so far Haryana Roadways agreed
to convert entire Gurgaon and Nuh depot to 5% Biodiesel
- Biodiesel blending facility created at Rewari terminal of
IOC
Haryana roadways IOC Joint Project 23. Biodiesel Emission Life
Cycle 24.
- Biodiesel policy has been announced by MoP&NG on 9
thOctober, 2005 at IOC R&D Centre for the purchase of
Biodiesel.
- The Biodiesel policy will involve the PRIs for Jatropha
plantations and oil extractions by establishing Rural business hubs
(RBHs).
- Under this policy OMCs will set up purchase centre at a price
of Rs. 25 /lt for Biodiesel at 20 locations for 5% blending of
biodiesel in diesel.
- Assistance will be provided to PRIs by institutes like NOVOD,
Ministry of Bio-technology, PCRA and NBRI for Jatropha plantation
and oil extraction.
- IOC R&D will conduct further emission studies and field
trials for developing data on increasing biodiesel content in
asystematic manner i.e. from 5% to 20%.
Biodiesel Purchase policy 25. Gasification & GTL 26.
Gasification and production of liquid fuels
- Exploitation of vast coal reserves in India
- Co-generation of steam, power& hydrogen and production
- of liquid fuels from synthesis gas
- (technology cost reduced from $60/bbl in 1970 to $ 35/bbl)
- Collaborative R&D efforts for cogasification of coal,
-
- Overall potential assessed to be 19500 MW (India)
-
- From bagasse alone 3500 MW (India)
-
- Current installed capacity : 425 MW (India)
-
- (addl. 480 MW under construction)
-
- Swiss grass crop higher Syngas and Hydrogen
- Cogasification of biomass, coal etc. for low NOx and
27. GTL
-
- Group of technologies to produce liquid hydrocarbons from
variety of feedstock
-
- Involves two major process steps
-
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- Conversion of feedstock into Syngas (mixture of H 2&
CO)
-
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- Syngas conversion to liquid fuels through Fischer Tropsch
-
- Expected worldwide capacity of1.5 2.0 Mbbl/day (~75-100MMTPA)
by 2015
28. HYDROGEN 29. CHALLENGE(Process Reverse of Nature) 30.
- Potentially an inexhaustible supply of energy
- Can be produced from several primary energy sources
- Reduced dependence on petroleum imports if produced from coal
or renewable
- Potential environmental benefits
- High energy conversion efficiency by use ofH 2in Fuel Cells (up
to 80% in case of co-generation) in place of I.C. engines
(30-35%)
Need for Hydrogen 31. Hydrogen Some recent trends
- Conversion of Natural gas to Hydrogen
-
- Employing high efficiency electrolysers
- Exploiting Sulfur-Iodine Chemical cycle
-
- Employing sulfuric acid and HI
- Nuclear Hydrogen production
32.
- Planning Commission constituted a committee to address issues
related to Hydrogen Energy
- Four sub-groups were setup on different aspects of hydrogen
forproduction; storage & distribution; applications; safety
standards, security and related policy issues.
Initiatives by Planning Commission 33.
-
- Focus to be primarily on production of hydrogen, storage and
distribution, beginning with use of hydrogen directly in I.C.
Engines and examining feasibility & economics of use of metal
hydrides and fuel cells from a long-term perspective.
-
- Corpus fund created with oil companies pooling resources for
hydrogen research.
-
- IOC-R&D to be the nodal agency for hydrogen research where
a dedicated group will work, including experts from other
organisations on deputation/ otherwise
MoP&NG Initiatives on Hydrogen 34.
- Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuels (Reforming/ Partial oxidation)
- Natural Gas (Reforming/ Partial oxidation/ Dissociation)
- Coal (partial oxidation/ Gasification)
- Bio-mass (Gasification/ Fermentation)
- By product from Chlor-Alkali &Dehydrogenation units
- Water electrolysis using electricity (also from Nuclear/
renewable energy sources e.g., solar, wind etc.)
- Water splitting using direct Nuclear energy
H2 Production Options for India 35.
- International Workshop on Hydrogenorganized by IOC R&D
under the aegis of MoP & NG and in association with ONGC, BPCL,
HPCL & GAIL
- Electrolyser based Hydrogen generation system at IOC, R&D
Commissioned(5 NM3/HR)
- HCNG dispensing system commissionedat IOC, R&D
- Portable gensets using Hydrogen with technical support from
IIT, Delhi
- MoC signed with MINDA Industries Ltd for Development of
Hydrogen and H 2/ CNG mixed Fuelling System for IC Engines
- MoC signed with MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA for development of
Hydrogen run 3 Wheelers and Buses.
Initiatives taken by IOC-R&D 36. H2 CNG Station at IOC
R&D Inauguration of H2 CNG Dispensing Station by HonbleMinister
MoP&NG and PR 37.
- Sustainability aspect to be kept in mind by R&D scientists/
engineers
- Alternate fuels/ energy sources could be a solution for Indias
energy and environmental needs
- Ethanol, Bio-diesel & H 2 could be promising alternate
fuels for India and IOC-R&D already initiated activities in
these areas
- Gasification of Biomass/ Coal/ Petcoke/ Residue and GTL
processes have good prospects for India
Summary 38. Thank You