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India Year Book-2

1. National Health Policy

This National Health Policy addresses the urgent need to improve the performance of health systems. It is being formulated at the last year of the Millennium Declaration and its Goals, in the global context of all nations committed to moving towards universal health coverage. Now 13 years after the last health policy, the context has changed in four major ways. 1. Health Priorities are changing 2. Emergence of a robust health care industry growing at 15% compound annual growth

rate (CAGR). This represents twice the rate of growth in all services and thrice the national economic growth rate

3. Incidence of catastrophic expenditure due to health care costs is growing and is now being estimated to be one of the major contributors to poverty

4. Economic growth has increased the fiscal capacity availability Therefore, the country needs a new health policy that is responsive to these contextual changes. The primary aim of the National Health Policy, 2015, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of the Government in shaping health systems in all its dimensions investment in health, organization and financing of healthcare services, prevention of diseases and promotion of good health through cross sectoral action, access to technologies, developing human resources, encouraging medical pluralism, building the knowledge base required for better health, financial protection strategies and regulation and legislation for health. 2. Consumer Protection Bill

This is a bill to provide for adequate protection of the interests of consumers and for prevention of unfair trade practices and for the said purposes to make provisions for establishment of the Consumer Protection Councils and other authorities for better administration and for timely and effective settlement of consumers' disputes and for matters connected therewith. The Central Government shall establish: 1. A Council to be known as the Central Consumer Protection Council 2. A Central Authority to be known as the Central Consumer Protection Authority to

promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers 3. Establishment of Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies 4. Establishment of Consumer Mediation Cell- but the issue is it would delay settlement

process which needs to be completed in 90 days

3. Smart Cities

In the approach of the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive

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development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The core infrastructure elements in a smart city would include: i. adequate water supply ii. assured electricity supply iii. sanitation, including solid waste management iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport v. affordable housing, especially for the poor vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization vii. good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation viii. sustainable environment ix. safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly x. health and education

20 smart cities selected

S.No. Name Of Cities 1. Bhubaneswar 2. Pune 3. Jaipur

4. Surat 5. Kochi 6. Ahmedabad 7. Jabalpur 8. Visakhapatnam 9. Solapur

10. Davanagere 11. Indore 12. NDMC 13. Coimbatore 14. Kakinada

15. Belagavi 16. Udaipur 17. Guwahati 18. Chennai 19. Ludhiana 20. Bhopal

http://smartcities.gov.in/

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4. Eurozone Countries

Austria Belgium Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta The Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain.

5. European Union Countries

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania

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Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK

6. National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

National Park

• Activities such as grazing etc. are prohibited • These are much more protected areas • These contain variety of species

Wildlife Sanctuaries

• These are only regulated • These are comparatively less protected areas • These may be dedicated for a single specie only

7. Protected Species

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(Source: IUCN)

10. Dams and Rivers

S.No. DAM RIVER STATE PURPOSE 1 Tehri Dam Bhagirathi Uttarakhand Hydroelectric,Irrigation 2 Lakhwar Dam Yamuna Uttarakhand Hydroelectric,Irrigation 3 Idukki (Eb)/Idukki

Arch Dam

Periyar Kerala Hydroelectric

4 Bhakra Dam Satluj Himachal Pradesh

Hydroelectric,Irrigation,Recreation

5 Pakal Dul Dam Marusudar Jammu & Kashmir

Hydroelectric

6 Sardar Sarover Gujarat Dam

Narmada Gujarat Hydroelectric,Irrigation

7 Srisailam (N.S.R.S.P) Dam

Krishna Telangana Hydroelectric,Irrigation

8 Ranjit Sagar Dam Ravi Punjab Flood Control,Hydroelectric,Irrigation

9 Baglihar Dam CHENAB Jammu & Kashmir

Hydroelectric

10 Chemera I Dam Ravi Himachal Pradesh

Hydroelectric

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11 Cheruthoni (Eb) Dam

Cheruthoni Kerala Hydroelectric

12 Pong Dam Beas Himachal Pradesh

Hydroelectric,Irrigation

13 Jamrani Dam Gola Uttarakhand Irrigation 14 Subansiri Lower

HE (Nhpc) Dam

Subansiri Arunachal Pradesh

Hydroelectric

15 Ramganga Dam Ramganga Uttarakhand Hydroelectric,Irrigation 16 Nagarjuna Sagar

Dam

Krishna Telangana Hydroelectric,Irrigation

17 Kakki (Eb) Dam Kakki Kerala Hydroelectric 18 Nagi Dam Nagi Bihar Irrigation 19 Salal (Rockfill And

Concrete ) Dam

Chenab Jammu & Kashmir

Hydroelectric

20 Lakhya Dam Lakhya hole Karnataka Water Storage 21 Sholayar Dam Sholayar Tamil Nadu Hydroelectric,Irrigation 22 Koyna Dam Koyna Maharashtra Hydroelectric 23 Idamalayar (Eb)

Dam

Idamalayar Kerala Hydroelectric

24 Supa Dam Kali Nadi Karnataka Hydroelectric 25 Karjan Dam Karjan Gujarat Irrigation 26 Kulamavu (Eb)

Dam

Kilivillithode Kerala Hydroelectric

27 Koteshwar Dam Bhagirathi Uttarakhand Hydroelectric 28 Lower : PPSP Dam West Bengal Hydroelectric,Irrigation 29 Doyang Hep Dam Doyang Nagaland Hydroelectric,Water Storage 30 Rihand Dam Rihand Uttar

Pradesh Hydroelectric,Irrigation

31 Indira Sagar (NHDC) Dam

Narmada Madhya Pradesh

Hydroelectric,Irrigation

32 Warna Dam Varna Maharashtra Hydroelectric,Irrigation 33 Bhatsa Dam Bhatsa and

chorna Maharashtra Hydroelectric,Irrigation

34 Pillur Dam Bhavani Tamil Nadu Hydroelectric 35 Upper Kodayar

Dam

Kodayar Tamil Nadu Hydroelectric

36 Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango Dam

Hasdeo Chhattisgarh Hydroelectric,Irrigation

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37 Jakham Main Dam Jakham (mahi)

Rajasthan Irrigation

38 Teesta -V (NHPC) Dam

Teesta Sikkim Hydroelectric

39 Lower Ghatghar Dam

Maharashtra Hydroelectric

40 Kallada (Parappar) (Id) Dam

Kallada Kerala Hydroelectric,Irrigation

41 Madupetty (Eb) Dam

Palar Kerala Hydroelectric

42 Parbati II Dam Parbati Himachal Pradesh

Hydroelectric

43 Chakra Dam Chakra Karnataka Irrigation 44 Bandardhara Dam Paravara Maharashtra Hydroelectric,Irrigation 45 Lower Vaitarna

Dam

Vaitarna Maharashtra Water Storage

46 Ukai Dam Tapi Gujarat Flood Control,Hydroelectric,Irrigation

47 Upper Aliyar Dam Aliyar Tamil Nadu Hydroelectric 48 Aruna Dam Aruna Maharashtra Hydroelectric,Irrigation 49 Upper Bhavani

Dam

Bhavani Tamil Nadu Hydroelectric

50 Podagada Dam Podagada

12. Defence Equipments

a. IGMDP

• Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme • Dr. Abdul Kalam had successfully worked on it and achieved its design objectives

b. Akash

• Medium range surface-to-air missile

c. Trishul

• Short range low level surface-to-air missile

d. Nag

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• Third generation anti-tank missile • Fire and Forget

e. Prithvi Missile Series

• Surface-to-surface short range ballistic missiles

f. Dhanush

• Surface-to-surface/ship-to-ship

g. Agni Missile Series

• Agni I,II,III • Agni IV • Agni V • Agni VI – ICBM

i. Shaurya

• Short range surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed for use by the army • Can carry both conventional and nuclear warhead

j. Brahmos

• Mach 3 supersonic cruise missile • India + Russia • In service with Indian Army and Navy

k. Brahmos II

• Mach 7 hypersonic cruise missile • Under Development

l. Nirbhay

• Long range sub-sonic cruise missile • Under Development

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m. Prahaar

• Solid fuelled surface-to-surface guided short range tactical ballistic missile • Omni-directional warheads

n. Astra

• Beyond visual range air-to-air missile • Developed by the DRDO • It can be launched from different altitudes and from the sea level

o. Helina

• A variant of NAG missile to be launched from the helicopter • It is structurally different from NAG • To be inducted

Difference between LED, CFL and Incandescent Light Bulbs:

• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are semiconductor devices; they work when electrons fill the electron holes ejecting Photons. Earlier, when there was only red and green, white light could not be manufactured. Now, as blue LEDs are available we can use it for lighting purposes through electroluminescence

• Compact Fluorescent bulb: 4 foot long fluorescent bulbs have been wound up into shape to fit into any light fixture. They work by exciting an amount of mercury vapour held inside the lamp with electricity

• Incandescent works by passing current through a fine wire called a filament which is typically made of tungsten.

• Life span of LEDs is more than CFL and ILB • LEDs use less power (watts) per unit of light generated (lumens). LEDs help reduce

greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and lower electric bills • LEDs and ILBs do not contain toxic mercury, whereas CFL uses mercury • LEDS lower energy consumption decreases: CO2 emissions, sulfur oxide, and high-level

nuclear waste. While CFL and ILBs affect climate change • LEDs can be used in low temperature and humid climates; whereas CFLs do not work

under -10 C; some ILDs do not work