India vs USA vs China vs World

8/6/2019 India vs USA vs China vs World

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Indiavs ChinavsUSA vsWorld

N. Sasidhar

The data given in the following table is taken from The world fact book

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html

S.No Parameter Units INDIA CHINA USA WORLD Remarks

1 Total Population millions 1160 1338 307 6790

1a % of total population % 17.10 19.71 4.52 100

2 Population density per Sq km 353 139 31 46

3 Population growth % 1.41 0.66 0.98 1.13

3a Lifeexpectancy at

birth

years 66.09 73.45 78.11 66.12

4 Median age of

population

years 25.3 34.1 36.7 28.4

4a Population between

15 to 64 ye

ars age

% 64.3 72.1 67.0 65.3

5 Labor force millions 467.0 812.7 154.5 3184.0

5a % of total population % 40.26 60.74 50.32 46.89 S.No 5 S.No 1

5b Share of world labor

force

% 14.67 25.52 4.85 100

6 Agriculture labor

force

millions 243.00 321.00 0.93 1194.00 S.No 6a * S.No 5

6a % of labor force % 52.00 39.5 0.6 37.5

6b % of world labor

force

% 20.35 26.88 0.078 100

7 Industrial labor force millions 65.38 221.06 34.92 703.66 S.No 7a * S.No 5

7a % of labor force % 14.00 27.2 22.6 22.1


force

% 9.29 31.42 4.96 100

8 Services labor force millions 158.78 269.82 118.66 1286.34 S.No 8a * S.No 5

8a % of labor force % 34.00 33.2 76.8 40.4


force

% 12.34 20.98 9.22 100

9 GDP purchase

power parity (PPP)

Trillion US

$

3.548 8.767 14.27 70.21

10 GDP- official

exchange

Trillion US

$

1.243 4.758 14.27 57.53

10a Multiplication factor

to PPP

- 2.85 1.84 1.00 1.22 S.No 9 S.No 10

10b Per capita income US $ (PPP) 3058 6552 46482 10340 S.No 9 S.No 1

10c Labor productivity US $ (PPP) 7597 10787 92362 22050 S.No 9 S.No 5

10d Unemployment % 9.5 4.3 9.4 8.7

11 Agriculture GDP

(PPP)

Trillion US

$

0.62 0.956 0.17 4.21 S.No 11a*S.No 9

11a Share of Agriculture % 17.5 10.9 1.2 6.0


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GDP (PPP)

11b Share of world

agriculture GDP

(PPP)

% 14.73 22.7 4 100

11c Agriculture labor

Productivity

US $ (PPP) 2551 2978 182795 3526 S.No 11 S.No 6

12 Industrial GDP (PPP) Trillion US

$

0.71 4.261 3.13 22.48 S.No 12a*S.No 9

12a Share of Industrial

GDP (PPP)

% 20.0 48.6 21.9 30.6

12b Share of world

Industrial GDP (PPP)

% 3.16 18.95 13.92 100

12c Industrial

Productivity

US $ (PPP) 10860 19275 89633 31947 S.No 12 S.No 7

13 Services GDP (PPP) Trillion US

$

2.22 3.55 10.97 44.51 S.No 13a*S.No 9

13a Share of Services

GDP (PPP)

% 62.5 40.5 76.9 63.4

13b Share of world

services GDP (PPP)

% 4.99 7.98 24.65 100

13c Services Productivity US $ (PPP) 13982 13157 92449 34602 S.No 13 S.No 8

The following conclusions can be drawn from above data:

USA:

The USA labor force is declining by its very high median age of its population. Already its labor

productivity is very high with little scope of increase in future. In this scenario, zero growth is

optimistic growth in a declining labor force but per capita income keeps on increasing favorably in

declining population.

The agriculture productivity in USA is two times the productivity of other sectors with 0.6% of its

labor force. That means people do not prefer agriculture sector or agriculture sector is highly

subsidized by other sectors or most of its income may be land lease/rental based.

CHINA:

It is highly industrialized nation with 19% of world industrial production. Eastern China is the

worlds biggest factory.The productivity in service and industrial sectors is four to six times the

productivity in agriculture sector indicating lesser earnings by farmers.

There is very good scope for growth in Service sector which is lagging behind the world average.

The agriculture labor force is 39.5% of total labor force. There is good scope to increase labor force

in industrial and service sectors by diverting from agriculture sector. Rural population will age

faster with migration of fresh labor force to cities to join service and industrial sectors.

UNDERDEVELOPEDWORLD:


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The developing / under developed nations excluding India, Pakistan and Bangladesh will have

better standard of living than these countries due to their low population density and higher per

capita natural resources availability.

INDIA:

In

dian

population

is youn

g with

lowe

r me

dian

age

in

comparison

with

population

s of de

ve

lope

dcountries including China and USA. That means it has future potential to increase its labor force

whereas USA and China cannot increase its labor force as their populations are aging. India has

better potential to enhance its labor force than China innext 10 years from existing 40% to 60% of

its population. With this future labor potential, India can show better growth than China innext

decade.

The lower percentage of labor force (40.26%) in total population with lower median age (25.3

years) & lifeexpectancy indicates lot of unaccounted unemployment / idling labor. Available labor

force is not utilized to the full extent for optimum growth. This may be due to substantial

percentage of women arehouse wives whose value addittions arenot accounted in theeconomy.

The service sector contribution (62.5%) to its GDP is at par with the global trends. The industrial

sector contribution is far behind with 3.16% global share against 17% of world population. Only

industrial sector is lagging behind China in labor productivity

Indian economy is trapped in a subsistence phase due to its very high population density and

ineffective governance. It is not exaggeration to state that poverty is going to prevail longer in India

than many under developed countries despite its advancements in science and technology.

POSTSCRIPT:

The geographical locations of all under developed countries are between latitudes N30 to S30 on

both sides ofequator. There are few exceptions such as Singapore (city state), oil rich countries

(Brunei, Middle East), etc. whichhave attained developed country status. Many of these countries

are tropical countries receiving good rain fall withestablished arable lands and forests to sustain

high population density. The populations of these countries soared to further higher levels with the

advent of modern medical/health science increasing lifeexpectancy appreciably. Many of these

countries (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, etc) were colonized few centuries ago by Europeans but their

economic status despite abundant resourses is not at par with native European countries. The

people of these countries are self content using plenty of renewable/surface resources available to

them. Whereas Europe, North America and Australia (cold climate countries) which are not

endowed with adequate renewable/surface resources, relied on popularizing science and

technology whichhelped mankind to find new resources and methods. More and more adaptation

to science and technology improved their living standards beyond their expectations. Tropical

countries lagged behind this process but modernhealth sciences increased the population further

ultimately straining the available renewable resources. When the tropical countries face shortage

of renewable resources, they are compelled to adopt modern science & technology to improve the

living standards. This developmental drift is evident (i.e. China and South Africa are developing

faster than Nigeria, Congo and Brazil) from poles to theequator.


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In fact the living standards of common people in cold climate countries were not better than

tropical countries 100 years back due to shortage of surface resources. Largenumber of Europeans

have migrated permanently to other continents for survival. During 14th

century, Europe was

populated beyond its sustainability compared to the available surface resources. Unfortunately,

Europe suffered from plague endemic during this period which wiped out one third of its

population. It took nearly 150 years to recover its population back. During this 150 years period,

the fragile surface resources such as forests rejuvenated due to lesser exploitation by the people.

Thus the rats which caused the plagueendemic in Europehalted the advent of modern science and

technology by at least one century. Otherwise we would have beenenjoying 22nd

century living

standards now.

The present contributions of science and technology are mainly from research and development

(R&D) in material sciences. The future development would be from in depth knowledge ofnatural

sciences (flora and fauna) which will overcome the limitations exhibited by material sciences. In

future, the countries which take early lead in devoting its human resources on R&D innatural

sciences would be contributing to mankind substantially. The tropical countries are betterendowed with biological resources to take up lead in future science and technology development.

India is concentrating on software services by deploying most of the talented young people. India

should take steps to see that young talented people are deployed to conduct R&D in natural

sciences.

-------------------------------

Notes: This paper was written in the year 2009

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India vs USA vs China vs World