India Country Partnership Strategy (2007- 2012) - Summary of ... · Groups, on varied themes and at different locations, including select States.) The themes/ Sectors for the Consultations

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

INDIA COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY (2007- 2012)

SUMMARY OFSTAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

Prepared forAsian Development Bank, India

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents.

June 2007

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INDIA COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY (2007-12)

SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is currently developing its Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for India. As part of the CPS development process, the ADB undertook a series of Stakeholder Consultations over April- May 2007. Engaging with Central and State Governments, academia, civil society, Development Partners and the private sector on a range of themes, these Consultations yielded rich insights that will inform the ADB’s efforts in India in the coming years. This document intends to summarize the key issues that emerged from the Consultations.

ADB/ TARU ADB India Country Partnership Strategy Consultations: Summary June 2007 1

CONTENTS

Abbreviations

1. INTRODUCTION 5

2. KEY ISSUES DISCUSSED 6

2.1 National Stakeholder Consultations 6

2.1.1 Development Partners 6 2.1.2 Civil Society 9 2.1.3 Private Sector 11

2.2 National Sector Consultations 13

2.2.1 Agriculture 13 2.2.2 Energy 15 2.2.3 Financial Sector 17 2.2.4 Transport 19 2.2.5 Urban Development & Tourism 21 2.2.6 Water Resources 24 2.2.7 Mainstreaming Gender 25

2.3 State-level Consultations 27

2.3.1 Rajasthan 27 2.3.2 Karnataka- Bangalore 30 2.3.3 Karnataka- Mangalore 33

3. RECOMMENDATIONS 36

3.1 Common Themes/ Approaches 36

3.2 Sector-specific Recommendations 41

4. NEXT STEPS 42

Annex- I: ADB India CPS (2007-12) Consultations- Session Details

Annex- II: ADB India CPS (2007-12) Consultations- List of Participants


ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AIWC All India Women’s Conference AFPRO Action for Food Production AKF Aga Khan Foundation ATMA Agricultural Technology Management Agency AVARD Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development CADWM Command Area Development and Water Management (Agency) CAPART Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology CDM Clean Development Mechanism CDP City Development Plan CEA Central Electricity Authority CECODECON Centre for Community Economics & Development Consultants Society CERC Central Electricity Regulatory Commission CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CINI Child in Need Institute CPS Country Partnership Strategy (of the ADB) CSO Civil Society Organization CUTS Consumer Unity and Trust Society DFID Department for International Development (Government of UK) EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry GoI Government of India GoK Government of Karnataka GoR Government of Rajasthan GAD Gender and Development GVT Gramin Vikas Trust HDI Human Development Index ICEF India- Canada Environment Facility ICT Information and Communication Technology IDFC Infrastructure Development Finance Company IDSJ Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IIFCL India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited IIRD Indian Institute of Rural Development IL&FS Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services ILO International Labour Organization INFORSE International Networking for Sustainable Energy INRM India Resident Mission (of the ADB) INSEDA Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological Development Association IPR Intellectual Property Rights IREDA Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IWMI International Water Management Institute JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (of the GoI)


KUDCEMP Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project KUIDFC Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Finance Development Corporation M&E Monitoring & Evaluation NACO National AIDS Control Organization NATP National Agricultural Technology Project NHPC National Hydroelectric Power Corporation NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs NRM Natural Resource Management NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation O&M Operations & Maintenance ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation PHDCCI PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry PPCP Public- Private- Community Partnership PPP Public- Private Partnership PRI Panchayati Raj Institutions PRIA Society for Participatory Research in Asia PSP Private Sector Participation PSU Public Sector Undertaking R&D Research & Development R&R Resettlement & Rehabilitation RETA Regional Technical Assistance (of the ADB) RUIDP Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project SACS State AIDS Control Society SEB State Electricity Board SEWA Self Employed Women’s Association SEZ Special Economic Zone SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India SME Small and Medium Enterprise SPV Special Purpose Vehicle SPWD Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development TERI The Energy Research Institute ULB Urban Local Body UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WORLP Western Orissa Rural Livelihoods Project


ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INDIA COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY (2007- 2012)

SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is currently developing its Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for India. The ADB recognizes that its CPSs need to be aligned with the national development plans and priorities and informed by systematic macro-economic and poverty analyses and engagement with a range of stakeholder groups. These are considered important with a view to supporting the country ownership of the CPS (consistent with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness) and achieving desired development results.

The Stakeholder Consultations for the ADB’s India CPS were undertaken over April- May 2007 and were aimed at engagement with representatives of Central and State Governments, academia, civil society, Development Partners and the private sector on a range of themes. (Annex I presents the entire list of Consultations undertaken- with various Stakeholder Groups, on varied themes and at different locations, including select States.) The themes/ Sectors for the Consultations were identified from those considered of specific import for the ADB over the 2007-12 period. The participants were drawn from a list of potential participants from various stakeholder groups that was generated based on secondary research. (Annex II presents the Session-wise list of participants.) The Sessions were facilitated and documented by Consultation and Participation Experts from the ADB and TARU.

Typically, each of the Sessions opened with welcome remarks from an ADB representative present on the occasion. This was followed by an introductory presentation that:

Drew specific attention to the Indian development context where enthusiasm over accelerated economic growth is tempered by concerns over such growth not being sufficiently inclusive- reflected in rural- urban and regional disparities, agricultural stagnation, concerning socio-economic indicators, etc.

Provided a brief overview of the ADB’s operations in India, including its growing assistance levels, current and emerging sectoral, cross-cutting and geographical (State) priorities, and importantly, fresh sets of expectations and demands it is expected to respond to in the changing Indian (and Asian) context

Invited participants to share their insights on how India’s developmental challenges could be better engaged with at the strategic level; and, the potential role for, and expectations from, the ADB in engaging with the same

The Consultation and Participation Experts subsequently facilitated the participants’ views and comments on the issue at hand. A contingent from the ADB was available during each of the Sessions to respond to specific queries and/ or clarify the ADB’s current and emerging position on certain issue. Sessions closed with Summary remarks from an ADB representative present on the occasion.


2. KEY ISSUES DISCUSSED

2.1 NATIONAL STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

2.1.1 DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS

Introduction

The Consultation with Development Partners brought together representatives from several multilateral and bilateral Development Partners. Participants expressed agreement with the ADB’s diagnosis of India’s ‘two worlds’, and particularly welcomed the ADB’s proposal to:

Align its CPS with the Government of India’s (GoI) Eleventh Five Year Plan Provide continued emphasis on infrastructure development Systematically take forward the Public- Private Partnership (PPP) agenda Consider selective assistance for social sector infrastructure Venture into poorer, weak capacity States Accord greater prominence to knowledge products and capacity building

Issues Discussed

Development Partners’ responses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt on:

The need to explore possibilities of working together: The participants highlighted the following priorities of their respective institutions:

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), following the phase-out of its bilateral programme, now relies on multilateral and NGO channels for delivering aid. Its priorities are around health, nutrition and natural resource management (NRM).

The Department for International Development (DFID, Government of UK) has a strong focus on partnership development with Development Partners and sees an opportunity to work closely with them in Bihar and the Urban Sector, in particular.

The European Union (EU) has finalized its Country Strategy recently as part of which it proposes to focus on two broad streams: (a) health and education; and, (b) economic reform and co-operation. The EU has also made a conscious decision to engage more at the national-level in contrast to its preference for State-level engagement in the past.

France’s priorities are around global public goods especially energy efficiency.

Germany’s current priorities are in the areas of climate change, energy, NRM and urban development. It is currently co-financing a major Rural Finance initiative aimed at reforming the cooperative credit system with the ADB.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) focuses on issues around labour market

The Japan International Cooperation Agency’s (JICA) current priorities are around environmental conservation, health, human resource development in the manufacturing

reform, child labour and development of core labour standards.


sector, sericulture and transport (particularly railways & expressways). Capacity building requirements, in JICA’s experience, are often under-estimated and need greater attention.

The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) has a presence in 20 Indian Statesand most Sectors barring Education and Health. Besides being the lead agency in the

elopedCountry Programme, intends to focus on social, economic and political exclusion in

programme to establish best practices that can, in turn, be scaled up by others. Focal areas

verall strategy and approaches. The WB works across a number of States and Sectors but now intends to

Basentioned were:

ce in India and its future plans vis-à-vis the same will be appreciated

Finance Corporation (IFC) as well)

Indian Forestry Sector and its support for projects in the Power and Water and Sanitation Sectors, JBIC has notably supported the Delhi Mass Rapid Transport System Project (Delhi Metro) and the Ganga and Yamuna Action Plans. Much like the ADB, the JBIC recognizes the need for changing its ways of business to respond to the changing economic environment in India and proposes to accord special emphasis to PPPs.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), as part of recently dev

poorer States such as Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Five focus areas- disaster management, capacity building for decentralized governance, HIV/ AIDS, Human Development Reports and public- private- community partnerships (PPCPs)- have been identified. The PPCPs may be of particular relevance given the ADB’s priority around PPPs and the opportunity these present to substantiate the availability of innovative market solutions to poverty. Another priority for the UNDP is capacity building of district-level agencies- eschewing the conventional approach focusing on skills and individuals and opting instead to focus on systems and institutions.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) focuses on pilot

are agricultural research, basic education, livelihood, municipal finance and women and child health. Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Karnataka are its priority States.

The World Bank (WB) and the ADB have a close alignment in terms of o

work more closely with poorer states such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

The World Health Organization (WHO), as part of its recently developed Country Cooperation Strategy (2006-2011), has identified control and surveillance of communicable disease (including tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS), reproductive and child health, non-communicable disease control and health system development as its priorities.

ed on these, among the various themes on which the need for exploring partnerships was m

PPPs, a subject of much interest to most participants and on which sharing of the ADB’s arly experiene

The State of Bihar, which is now receiving increased attention from the Development Partners and where possibilities of working with the DFID and the WB exist

Energy efficiency, an issue with which the ADB could engage more systematically given its significant support to the Energy Sector

Regional energy exchanges, where the USAID has already initiated some studies (and a theme of possible interest to the International


Core labour standards and occupation health, where the existing corporate level agreement between the ADB and the ILO could be extended to India (the possibility of

ement with opportunities presented by the Right to Information, a theme which had resonance with the IFC

a of interest to almost all participants and one where the ADB expects to move to a results-based framework

Theat PPPs assume special significance in the current Indian context given the immense

represent a major challenge, particularly in the poorer States where the ADB is

ave chosen to accord greater priority to interventions in the poorer, weak capacity States in

extending a similar corporate-level engagement between the ADB and the WHO to India was also mentioned)

Corruption and engag

Better monitoring and evaluation, an are

challenges around taking forward the PPP agenda: While it was commonly agreed thresource requirements for ensuring quality infrastructure development to meet the growing demands of the economy and the limitations of the public sector in meeting these, it was also clear that there remains much to be done in terms of systematically identifying opportunities, facilitating bankable projects, laying the terms of engagement for various stakeholders, etc. Also, the encouraging early results from extending PPPs to include communities (through PPCPs that the UNDP has been supporting in select locations) provide a case for investigating their potential in the ADB’s programming.

Continued emphasis needed on capacity building: Weak institutional capacities continue toincreasingly seeking to work with. The case for moving the focus of capacity building efforts from individuals and skills to institutions and systems is acknowledged.

The State-level ‘balance’ of interventions: While most multilateral and bilateral agencies hthe recent past, there remains a case for considering a more balanced portfolio which includes other States where the mixed experience of reform efforts continues to suggest the need for engagement. Further, efforts at the State-level need to be complemented by engagement at the national-level.

CONSULATIONS WITH DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based o thin its n the Consultations with the Development Part ers, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and winlarger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Maintain the emphasis on the strategic priorities it has identified (given the resonance these found with the participants)

Explore the range of opportunities available for working with various Development Partners, beginning with opportunities that are more pragmatic to pursue in the context of the near-term lending and non-lending pipelines

Further emphasize PPPs, given the significant import of this for meeting the country’s immense infrastructure requirements and larger development goals, particularly since it has been an early initiator of the agenda in India

Accord capacity building and knowledge products increased emphasis


2.1.2 CIVIL SOCIETY

Introduction

he Consultation on Civil Society brought together representatives from Civil Society (CSOs) based in Delhi, Jaipur and Kolkata working on a range of issues- from

ater and sanitation, capacity building and local governance to micro-credit and livelihoods,

articipants’ responses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt principally on:

trengthening the ADB’s Engagement with Civil Society: Participants felt that the ADB’s was

erceived to have been constrained on account of the ADB’s close working with government

s projects, beginning with the initial stages of the project cycle

nd project-level

edentials and competence in the area

Adoption of a pro-active approach to information dissemination (for which clear

onh

TOrganizationswa dairy co-operative union and social development specialists from DFID.

Issues Discussed

P

Sengagement with civil society, particularly NGOs, needs to be strengthened. Thispagencies and the ‘nature’ of projects it supports (large infrastructure projects where civil society roles are not explicitly envisaged by government agencies whom the ADB typically partners). Further, even when NGOs were involved in the ADB-supported projects, it was felt that such involvement occurred late in the project cycle (limiting possibilities of substantive engagement) and in ‘contractor mode’- impacting, in turn, the levels of community ownership and participation. Also, the reimbursement-based fund disbursement arrangement preferred by the ADB may not always, it was felt, be appropriate for civil society organizations. Among the suggestions made for strengthening the ADB’s engagement with CSOs were:

Conscious effort towards building internal incentives to ensure substantive civil society roles in it

Establishment of a permanent regional-level stakeholder fora with civil society representation to ensure that ADB- civil society engagement occurs beyo

Examination of the possibility of establishing an intermediate organizations to interface with civil society

Working on displacement and rehabilitation-related issues with civil society organizations with established cr

Institutions of small grants for civil society organizations for innovative pilot projects

institutional commitment and sufficient resource allocation was deemed pre-requisite)

Enhancing Community Participation and Ensuring Better Monitoring: In addition to the ab ve, the need for the following was suggested for the ADB with a view to ensure for

anced community participation and better monitoring: e

Greater investment in capacity building and awareness creation at the community level, including the option of capacity building for community participation as a stand-alone effort


Considering Joint Project Monitoring Groups with community and CSO representation

Reaching out to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through NGO-led capacity building

cial audits for greater accountability and transparency

bas an opportunity to omplement the ADB’s investments in infrastructure with investments aimed at inclusive

Apprehensions over the rehabilitation process being compromised with increased reliance it was posited that PPPs would involve

agreements only with concessionaires for whom infrastructure development would take

The need for verifying whether Sector Reforms and efforts at improved public resource ial Sector as envisaged

programmes

Mainstreaming citizens’ surveys, joint monitoring (by community representatives and NGOs) and so

Appropriateness of Project-based Approaches: A case was made for moving from project-ed to programme-based approaches as the latter would provide

cgrowth. Further, project-based approaches, it was posited by some participants, were not entirely amenable to engage on issues, such as gender mainstreaming or overcoming political impediments to civil society participation, where institutional changes were necessary.

In addition to the above, participants expressed:

on PPPs for infrastructure development-

precedence over other issues

The need for more regular engagement with civil society

management were actually freeing up resources for the Soc

CONSULTATIONS WITH CIVIL SOCIETY: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations with Civil Society, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Reflect on the possibilities of more and better modes of engagement with civil society

Work further to ensure that project designs contribute to inclusive growth and afford space for substantive civil society engagement, including options for civil society representation in project governance structure

Catalyse Government acceptance of issues raised by civil society

f Examine options for capacity building of implementing agencies and civil society organizations on issues odisplacement, rehabilitation and community involvement in project planning and monitoring

Improve community involvement in infrastructure projects, including an examination of the feasibility of community monitoring and exploration of instruments such as citizens’ surveys and social audit

Take cognizance of apprehensions over rehabilitation processes being compromised with PPPs

re actually Track whether Sector Reforms and its efforts towards improved public resource management wefreeing up resources for the Social Sectors as envisaged

Adopt a pro-active approach to information dissemination


2.1.3 PRIVATE SECTOR

ntroduction

Sector Operations brought together representatives from two of dia’s largest chambers of commerce and industry, select Development Partners and

tions. Participants particularly welcomed the ADB’s proposals to:

ctor needs Accord greater prominence to knowledge products and capacity building

pally on:

Role of the ADB: Underlining the need for local currency financing and eveloping non-speculative derivative markets in the country, the participants were almost

fixed terest rates for a range of Sectors (infrastructure, housing, banks, financial intermediaries,

Agriculture: Even while lauding proposed emphasis on the Agriculture Sector, surprise

h that aims at a balanced emphasis between technical, marketing and managerial aspects and works towards

with concerns around education quality emerging even as enrolment levels rise; and, (b) indigenous systems of medicine where R&D could further

I

The Consultation on Private Inresearch institu

Align the CPS with the GoI’s Eleventh Five Year Plan Take forward the PPP agenda Consider a wider spectrum of lending products more consistent with Private Se

Issues Discussed

Participants’ responses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt princi

Potential Lendingdunanimous in their view that the ADB should consider more long term rupee lending atinetc). The ADB, on its part, mentioned its current constraints in raising rupee resources and the need for a mechanism that is both micro- and macro-prudential.

Enquiries on/ need for ADB engagement in a range of Sectors: Among the various Sectors which were suggested for the ADB’s engagement were:

was registered at the low levels of actual approvals in the Sector over the 2003-06 period. Underlining the need for an Agriculture Sector approac

improved productivity and returns for farmers, the key intervention themes suggested for the ADB were around (a) agricultural marketing, particularly the modernization of agricultural markets; (b) research and development (R&D), where a case was made for enabling a strategic shift from the government to the private sector with special cognizance of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) issues; (c) agricultural futures trading and risk management, an area of significant public debate in recent times where more information is needed to feed the debate, particularly on how benefits could be ensured to the farming community (rather than the trading community); and, (d) the possibilities of encouraging market dis-intermediation and back-end investment as part of the significant investment proposed (and occurring) in the Retail Sector to ensure that benefits of such investment accrue to farmers.

Social Sector: Welcoming the ADB’s proposed foray into the Education and Health Sectors, the participants pointed in particular to the need for engaging with issues around: (a) learning outcomes-

market development. In response, the ADB clarified that, within its current frame of engagement with the GoI, it is in a position to engage with these issues as part of its


support to social sector infrastructure creation and better public resource management that will free up public resources for the Social Sector.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT): This was suggested as a possible area for the ADB’s future work in India given the evidence emerging around how such technologies have demonstrated the potential to address developmental challenges.

oastline and the need for such infrastructure for energy security.

In a

Updated participants on their ongoing efforts to expand the scope for non-recourse and lated issues

Providing Tier- II Rupee funding for local banks to address long-term finance tatives clarified that the Reserve Bank of

India, in its role of regulator, had not been too inclined towards this

private sector)- in response, the ADB

Should the ADB be inclined to develop its portfolio in this domain, it was pointed out, it has the potential to emerge as the leader in the Sector in India and may be in a position to obtain significant leverage even from small investments.

Ports and Shipping: This was suggested as an area for ADB intervention in view of the hitherto limited tapping of the potential of India’s large c

ddition to the above, the ADB representatives present on the occasion:

local currency lending and ongoing Technical Assistance on pension-re

Responded to queries around possibilities of:

shortages- in response, the ADB represen

Easing documentation and reporting requirements for its borrowers and making these more country-specific- in response, the ADB representatives clarified that this issues was being examined internally

Involving Indian firms more closely in programme development and execution (as in the case of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation- JBIC- which is perceived to align its programmes with the Japanese representatives clarified that Indian firms remained eligible for the ADB’s contracts internationally as long as they met procurement norms

CONSULTATIONS ON PRIVATE SECTOR OPERATIONS: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on Private Sector Operations, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Maintain the emphasis on the strategic priorities it has identified (given the resonance these found with the participants), including in the Agriculture, Transport and Social Sectors

Work towards Private Sector operations that responds to borrowers’ specific needs

on pension-related issues Pursue the lines of work as emerge from its ongoing Technical Assistance

Examine the possibilities of harnessing ICTs given the encouraging results from deploying these to meet developmental challenges

Review its documentation and reporting requirements for borrowers


2.2 NATIONAL SECTOR CONSULTATIONS

2.1 AGRICULTURE

Agriculture Sector brought together representatives from bilateral nd multilateral Development Partners, national-level CSOs and financial institutions.

sues Discussed

s and Imbalances: The slow pace of agricultural growth in the country as traced, among other reasons, to low, imbalanced and ineffective investment. The

us on rigated areas (as opposed to rain-fed areas where poverty is higher; though the creation of

d. Development Partners, it was felt, should strategize the ossibilities of engaging with these impediments. In this context, the following were

Attention to O&M and resource conservation issues in its support for irrigation

gribusiness and the Private Sector: Recent changes in the Agricultural Produce

pos s from recent attempts at PPCPs in rural areas and the overall thrust on ral and agricultural infrastructure in the Eleventh Five Year Plan, provide cause for

2.

Introduction

The Consultation on the a

Is

Participants’ responses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt principally on:

Investment Trendwdeclining public investment in the Sector, it was felt, inappropriately continued to focirthe National Rainfed Area Authority provides an opportunity to correct this), creation of water resource exploitation opportunities (according limited emphasis on conservation) and creation of irrigation infrastructure without serious attention to operations and maintenance (O&M) issues. Further, even the effectiveness of the limited and imbalanced public investment was questioned given, among others, issues around rationalization of poorly coordinated government programmes and agencies, inadequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) arrangements. Private investment, on the other hand, possibly needed public investment to be catalyzed and better terms of trade and subsidy regime corrections. Of note, in this context, are the efforts of the DFID and the WB to focus on rain-fed regions as part of their Agriculture Sector portfolio.

A major reason for these issues not having been engaged with by policy makers, some participants felt, were political economy factors and not flawed diagnosis or ambiguities in the prescriptions for the way forwarpsuggested for the ADB’s consideration:

Increased resource allocation from what is currently envisaged to align better with the GoI’s Eleventh Five Year Plan priorities

infrastructure

AMarketing Committee (APMC) Act, encouraging instances of contract farming, generally

itive indicationruoptimism. For example, Rabobank’s support to farmers in Tamil Nadu with micro-irrigation infrastructure, soil testing facilities and yield improvement advice and organizing them into federations has resulted in their direct contact with one of the largest retail chains in Bangalore- resulting, in turn, in a 200 percent increase for participating farmers, about half of whom are small.


While acknowledging these positives, participants did however draw attention to certain issues which they felt needed further reflection. These included:

Need for strategic guidance to the GoI on working effectively across administrative

Institutional capacity building and the development of a road-map for this (as this would

The option for cluster-based approached towards agri-business development as has been

Possible options for providing market and technology information to farmers

sure remunerative prices for farmers, particularly small farmers- a key challenge given the range of vested interests likely to challenge any move

ers as well as the landless

this backdrop, the following were suggested for the ADB’s consideration:

as they integrate into value chains Working more closely with grassroots-level NGOs working on agriculture

modities Examination of regulatory issues in Public- Private Partnerships (PPPs)

nt is said to be ad d was

t to address this rough its ongoing Agricultural Competitiveness Projects and autonomous district-level

s in the Sector, especially in marginal agriculture and work towards nsuring gender sensitivity among extension personnel, enabling joint access of women and

boundaries and with the private sector

be critical to successful revenue models)

attempted with industry clusters

Reflecting on mechanisms that en

in this direction

Importance of tracking the impact of the private sector’s entry into agriculture, contract farming and implications of land acquisition for Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on small and marginal farm

Feasibility of grants to support university-to-university cooperation to improve employability of agriculture graduates in agribusiness

In

Means of enhancing bargaining power of small farmers

Support for the development of electronic spot markets in agricultural com

Extension and Knowledge Transfer: While significant government investmem e on extension and knowledge transfer, it suffers form not being demand-driven anfelt to have limited relevance for the private sector. The WB has soughthAgricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMAs), which seek to integrate research and extension activities at the district-level, established under its support for the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP). USAID has been supporting work on bio-technology and bio-safety regulation besides supporting knowledge transfer from American to Indian universities.

Gender, Agriculture and Poverty: The increasing feminization of Agriculture has led the UNDP to initiate projects on ‘Women in Agriculture’ in several States. These seek to recognize women’s roleemen to agricultural land and capacity building of women farmers in partnership with NGOs. However, these efforts continue to face challenges given the highly compartmentalized public sector approaches (different departments engage with agriculture, forestry, self-help and women’s development- and rarely coordinate on ground), attitudinal inflexibility, etc.


In addition to the above, another issue raised related to the limited efforts in the area of land rights where GoI’s recent focus has been largely on computerization of records rather than correcting fundamental imbalances. The WB’s work on more integrated land administration with an analytical base, including land leasing rights and incentives to register, may,

duce further with Basel- II).

however, mark an advance from the current GoI frame.

Other suggestions for ADB included increased focus on increased food-grain productivity, building small farmers’ capacities for sustainable agriculture and examination of the limited exposure of commercial banks to agriculture (likely to re

CONSULATIONS ON AGRICULTURE SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Agriculture Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Consider higher allocations for the Agriculture Sector than currently envisaged

Support infrastructure development, private sector participation and agri-business and rural credit initiatives with special recognition of issues around policy, capacity building and furtherance of small farmers’ interests

Recognize resource sustainability and O&M issues in its support for irrigation infrastructure

.2. GY

ntroduction

on the Energy Sector brought together representatives from the Central inistry of Power, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), the Central Electricity

mmission (CERC), the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), the ational Hydro-electric Power Corporation (NHPC), the Power Grid Corporation of India, a

on the ADB presentation dwelt principally on:

e ADB’s support for the GoI’s ‘Power for All’ by 2012 was welcomed. he GoI’s Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Scheme intended to ensure this envisages that

buted eneration options (small hydropower, solar or wind energy-based) may need to be

2 2 ENER

I

The ConsultationMRegulatory CoNkey financial intermediary for infrastructure- the Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC), the JBIC and CSOs.

Issues Discussed

Participants’ responses to/ observations

Power for All: ThTwhile about 100,000 villages will be connected to the grid in the near future, distrigconsidered for another 30,000 villages where grid connectivity may not be viable on technical and/ or commercial grounds. The key challenge anticipated with the latter relates more to capital costs (particularly high for solar and wind-based options) and O&M, metering and revenue collections arrangements where more substantive roles need to considered for PRIs and NGOs. Options suggested by participants in this context included exploration of micro-finance as a financing option and increased involvement of NGOs (whose capacity building will be a pre-requisite to achieving desired results) for community-level engagement. Citing the encouraging experience with Gujarat’s Jyotirgram Yojana in ensuring power to the


poorest, participants also advised the ADB to consider a similar model for other States, particularly challenging ones in the East and North-east Region.

Management of Environmental Issues around Coal-based Generation: Recent work by the Planning Commission on developing an Integrated Energy Policy for India foresees continued and significant reliance on coal for power generation in the medium-term (2030-

0). However, this is accompanied by environmental concerns and, in recognition of the

range of ncertainties and constraints around gas-based power. The ADB was therefore urged to

mains portant, particularly since the pace of such State-level reform interventions has been

he domestic and commercial sectors- partly on account of the sensitivities around domestic energy pricing

inking was however advised on the later given questions around promoting bio-fuel crops vis-à-vis

e variation risks

Clarifying concerns around the uncertainty of revenue from Clean Development

4same, the ADB has not been inclined to support coal-based generation. The ADB was encouraged to consider its position further on this in view of technologies that now permit environmentally benign use of coal and the stringent environmental laws in India.

Hydropower Generation: The GoI is committed to harnessing the significant hydropower potential that exists in the country. This assumes special significance given issues around coal-based generation, technology limitations that constrain thorium use and auconsider support for hydropower generation in line with the GoI’s strategic directions.

State-level Interventions: The process of unbundling the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) has been initiated and is in various stages of progress throughout the country. This process has been supported by the ADB in the past and continued support for these reimuneven in recent years and issues around open access, tariff cross-subsidization, non-technical losses and payment security for merchant power persist. This may have special import for the ADB since the opportunities for engaging with generation are limited by the fact that more than 80 percent of the tenders for new generation capacity development in the Eleventh Five Year Plan are already being processed or have been awarded.

In addition to the above, other issues raised by participants included the need for:

According high priority to energy efficiency and conservation both in t

and emergent options in the transport sector such as bio-diesel (careful th

food crops)

Awareness creation at the State and utility level as their expressed interest in borrowing directly from external lenders (such as the ADB) may not always be recognizing the exchange rat

The ADB to review its staff strength within the INRM and consider repayment tenures that are more attractive to borrowers

Mechanism (CDM) projects as the Kyoto Protocol extends only till 2012


CONSULATIONS ON ENERGY SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Energy Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:


Consider options for decentralized distribution financing and management through models that envisage more substantive roles for PRIs and NGOs

Further its two-tiered approach that will involve working in parallel at the central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) and State-level

Mainstream energy efficiency and conservation issues in its Energy Sector work

Facilitate carbon market development, including measures to clarify emergent issues among those interested in this

Create greater awareness on its lending instruments- their merits and potential issues that borrowers need to recognize before committing themselves

2.2.3 FINANCIAL SECTOR

Introduction

The Consultation on the Financial Sector brought together representatives from a premier public sector body supporting housing finance institutions, the main public sector co-ordinating institutions for (i) export-import finance institutions (ii) renewable energy financing and development, and (iii) small industries development, the Banking Division of the Ministry of Finance, the World Bank, KfW, private housing and infrastructure finance institutions and a key microfinance institution.

Issues Discussed


Trends in the Financial Sector: Among the trends/ issues that ADB was urged to take special note of included: the significant investment requirements for rural and energy infrastructure (special mention was made of the ADB’s potential role in taking forward power sector reforms which, in the view of the participants, were losing steam, and the untapped potential of renewable energy sources, particularly wind); the large unmet demand for credit from the small and medium enterprise (SME) Sector; the need for better understanding of the Micro-finance Sector, crucial to a more inclusive Financial Sector, given the rapid scale-up it is witnessing and the possible need for regulation; and, the need for a systematic assessment of the macro-economic implications of capital account convertibility.


Perceptions of the ADB Operations: Among the issues pointed out by participants were:

The ADB’s transactions were seen as time-consuming and the need for aligning its environmental, social and safety requirements to those of other multilateral and bilateral institutions was indicated.

The ADB’s high-interest loans may need to be considered further if high-risk, relatively-untested (but nevertheless crucial) opportunities, such as those in renewable energy, have to be supported.

The ADB’s M&E system- currently confined to loans and immediate beneficiaries- does not extend to sub-borrowers in instances of financial intermediation. This has implications for outcome and impact monitoring.

Suggested ADB Roles vis-à-vis the Private Sector : In the participants’ view, there were few funding constraints to infrastructure financing in the country and it would be prudent on the ADB’s part to opt for a role where (rather than comepeting with other lending institutions) it:

Invests in bulding private sector capacities to finance infrastructure Takes forward the PPP agendaDeploys Technical Assistance to increase the number of bankable infrastructure projects Facilitates development of viable infrastructure projects, arranges viability gap funding Encourages market participation of public sector institutionsWorks toawards minimizing risks of interest and maturity mismatches Provides guarantees and enables access to finance for housing finance companies Engages with a regulatory framework for Micro-finance Explores innovations in areas such decentralized power distribution, micro-insurance, etc.

Possible Partnerships: Possible partnerships that the ADB could explore include partnerships with the:

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) on Technical Assistance and/ or lines of credit to microfinance institutions (MFI) supported by SIDBI; financing of rural industries; and, venture capital and technical support for SMEs

KfW on rural non-farm enterprises and municipal infrastructure

CONSULATONS ON FINANCIAL SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Financial Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Deploy Technical Assistance to systematically analyse larger Financial Sector trends Take forward the PPP agenda and facilitate development of viable infrastructure projects Encourage market participation of public sector institutions Harmonize its lending frameworks and safeguard standards with other multilaterals Further publicize its new products


2.2.4 TRANSPORT

troduction

he Consultation on Transport brought together representatives from select Central

Align the CPS with the GoI Eleventh Five Year Plan

nowledge products and capacity building

su

nses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt principally on:

r

f Policy/ Planning and Implementation Roles: Some participants suggested

In

TMinistries, bilateral development partners, research and consulting organisations and an infrastructure development and finance company. The participants welcomed the ADB’s proposals to:

Take forward the PPP agenda Accord greater prominence to kTake cognizance of issues around HIV/ AIDS and human trafficking Focus more on realization of benefits

es Discussed Is

articipants’ respoP

nvironmental and Social Issues: While participants were unanimous in their view that Eenvironmental and social issues need high priority (and made a case for minimizing land acquisition to the extent possible), there was a suggestion for the ADB to consider aligning its environmental and social safeguards and conditions to (possibly less stringent- nevertheless consistent with the laws of the land) in-country ones so as to expedite progress and avoid the risk of setting precedents of a higher benchmark that States are not always comfortable with. In response, the ADB reiterated that its environmental and social safeguards and conditions remain high priority and advised the participants of a recent Regional Technical Assistance (RETA) initiative on country systems and policy updates for safeguard requirements.

afety Issues: With the ADB in a unique position to introduce new ideas into the largeSpolicy and operational framework by virtue of its significant association with the Transport Sector in India, a strong emphasis was suggested on safety issues (with estimates suggesting that 100,000 Indians lose their lives in transport accidents annually) pointing, as an illustration, to areas for improvement in road design where smoother passage is assured for motorized transport and more risky ones may be provided for non-motorized transport (the trade-off, it was acknowledged, may be due to cost imperatives and land availability constraints). The ADB, in response, confirmed its commitment to safe transport options. Further, the ADB stated that road safety audit has already been incorporated in most ADB-supported highway projects in India and a partnership launched with the Global Road Safety Partnership.

eparation oSthat ADB’s plans to encourage such separation as part of its institutional reform agenda, be considered further taking into account the likely implications of a ‘divorce’ between planning and implementation on ground and the international experience where there have been instances of such roles being consolidated. It was clarified that the ADB does not interpret such separation as a ‘divorce’ but essential to ensuring accountability for project delivery and effective implementation.


HIV/ AIDS and Human Trafficking: While welcoming the ADB’s plans to engage more with issues around HIV/ AIDS and human trafficking, the need for partnerships with the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), various State AIDS Control Societies (SACS) and civil society formations working on these themes, was suggested. This was suggested particularly in the light of limited capacities within mainstream Road Sector organizations to work on these issues and the encouraging results of the World Bank’s partnership initiatives with the NACO and various SACS.

Focus on Larger Transport Sector Issues: The participants advised that a wider view of the Transport Sector needs to be taken at all level to include inland airports, waterways, ports, urban transport (which, notably, did not appear to be getting the necessary attention under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in the view of several participants) and non-motorized transport. Among the issues recommended for further thinking were:

Inter-modal links and concepts such as Combined Transport

Transport options that could enhance trade with neighbouring nations

Inland water transport, where despite much deliberation in various fora, not much movement was reported

Options for efficient and economical movement of energy cargo (countered by the view that energy transport infrastructure needs basic transport infrastructure issues to be addressed as a pre-requisite)

In addition to the above, participants expressed concerns around:

Whether cargo and traffic projections are normally robust enough to merit the massive investments being contemplated (particular concern was around the mixed ‘history’ of traffic projections on which private sector interest is often dependent)

The limited number of large private sector participants inclined to invest in the Transport Sector (though this was a view that was contested by some participants) and whether this reflected risk appetite and the need to encourage international players

Already serious capacity constraints needing additional focus given the emerging emphasis on relatively less tested frameworks such as PPPs and corridor management

Other suggestions for the ADB’s consideration included:

Efforts towards institutionalization of public feedback mechanisms such as road user satisfaction surveys initiated by the World Bank in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu or the option of web-based user feedback

Supporting the public sector institutions to make more effective use of carbon financing


CONSULATIONS ON TRANSPORT SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Transport Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:


Engage with Central and State Governments and other stakeholder groups on reinforcing environmental and social safeguards in its interventions

Explore safety audits and satisfaction surveys in its Transport Sector interventions and partnerships with agencies working on safety, HIV/ AIDS and human trafficking issues

Rigorously examine the case for separation of policy/ planning and implementation roles as part of its institutional reform agenda

Consider support for systematic analytical work on a series of larger Transport Sector issues

2.2.5 URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM

Introduction

The Consultation on Urban Development and Tourism brought together representatives from the Central Ministries of Urban Development, Tourism and the North-eastern Region, the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), the Planning Commission (PC), multilateral agencies and two of India’s largest infrastructure development and finance companies. The participants welcomed the ADB’s proposals to:

Align the CPS with the GoI Eleventh Five Year Plan Provide continue emphasis on urban infrastructure development and urban sector reform Work closely with the JNNURM Take forward the Private Sector Participation (PSP) agenda Accord greater prominence to knowledge products and capacity building


Engagement with the JNNURM: The ADB’s proposal to work closely with the JNNURM was widely welcomed, particularly in the light of the country’s rapid urbanization and serious issues around the availability and quality of urban infrastructure and the institutions mandated to provide and manage these. However, a series of issues to be borne in mind while taking forward such engagement were pointed to amidst indications of varied performance across States. These related to:

Reviewing and strengthening the crucial City Development Plan (CDP; upon which most ‘downstream’ work under JNNURM is predicated) preparation process which reportedly has had limitations in terms of, inter alia, reflecting the aspirations of citizens, particularly the poor, owing to occasionally compromised consultative and participatory processes and tended to lean towards capital intensive ‘high-end’ solutions


The need for strong emphasis on urban sector reforms, especially capacity building, since the JNNURM is now entering the implementation stage where well analyzed and crafted project proposals will be crucial (and for which requisite capacities are not always present at the municipal level); Issues around constrained institutional capacities were dwelt on in the larger urban sector context, i.e., beyond JNNURM, as well. Importantly, there was also concern expressed around the capacities of Consultants, increasingly being relied upon to support the implementation process, to work with municipal-level contractors.

Urban Poverty and Civil Society: Urban poverty, it was commonly agreed, merits high priority- more so amidst concerns over the exclusion of the urban poor from planning processes. In this context, the principal focus of the discussion was on:

The option of extending the interpretation of PPPs to include partnerships with NGOs and other civil society formations, even while recognizing that such partnerships could meet occasional resistance from both the urban local bodies (ULB) and NGO ‘sides’; the possibility of direct engagement between ULBs and neighbourhood groups was briefly mentioned in this regard

The possible merits of drawing upon corporate sector expertise to work (including in partnership with civil society) with the urban poor since there is some evidence to suggest that this has worked in the rural domain

The appropriateness of weaving micro-finance components in the design of the ADB’s Urban Development interventions given the potential of such interventions to address issues around credit and livelihood and the limited possibilities of large scale organized sector job creation in the near term- this, it was felt, needed to be weighed against the mixed experience of micro-finance initiatives in urban settings, the additional complexity that might be introduced in already complex Urban Development interventions with the inclusion of micro-finance initiatives and the availability of quality civil society partners with relevant urban experience

Strategic Directions in the Tourism Sector: Of special import were the observations around:

The linkages between tourism development and the quality of civic governance since it is high-quality urban and other infrastructure that will ensure the world-class experience tourists may be looking for; the as yet largely untapped opportunity available to ULBs through the heritage development component of the JNNURM and the need for attitudinal change where ULBs see their role as tourism promoters rather than simply service delivery and tax collection agencies, were mentioned in this context

The need to recognize that even while tourism development may be linked to the quality of civic governance, it would be advisable for the ADB to be flexible in interpreting the Urban Development and Tourism Sectors as a single Sector as tourism development interventions may imply engagement with a range of other stakeholders besides ULBs

The appropriateness of regulation in the Tourism Sector may be questionable for it may be accompanied by the unhealthy connotations and practices of ‘inspector raj’; a more appropriate course would be the framing of the norms and rules of engagement and mechanisms that ensure adherence to these


A focus on development of select destinations and/ or circuits may be advisable for the ADB

The North-eastern States have significant tourism potential but given their special situation (essentially additional issues of security) will require strategies different from other parts of the country.

In addition to the above, other issues raised by participants included the need for:

Greater focus on water supply and sanitation services (which are not always deemed to have received attention in CDPs) including consideration of options of 24/ 7 water supply and reduction in non-revenue water

Promoting bus transport (and its ‘branding’) as part of the strategy for encouraging a shift to public transport- eschewing high-cost high-end solutions such as metro rail

Exploring Carbon Credit options while planning for urban infrastructure development

Appreciating the special situation in mega-cities

Taking forward e-governance

Thinking of ways to ensure legitimacy for small entrepreneurs

CONSULATIONS ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT & TOURISM SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Urban Development and Tourism Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:


Recognize the likely gaps in the CDPs and continually emphasize the urban sector reform agenda, including capacity building, as it takes forward its association with the JNNURM

Accord central space to the urban poor in its Urban Development interventions, including careful consideration of the option to work with NGOs, other civil society formations and the private sector

Rigorously examine the case for micro-finance interventions, weighing the range of issues that could impact these against their potential benefits

Recognize the import of civic governance and urban and other infrastructure constraints as it moves ahead in the Tourism Sector; in parallel, also recognizing that tourism development will involve working with institutions other than ULBs- implying thus a degree of flexibility in the interpretation of the Urban Development and Tourism Sectors as a single Sector within its portfolio

Consider development of select high-value tourist destinations and/ or circuits

Further analyze the appropriateness of regulation in the Tourism Sector

Recognize that tourism initiatives in the North-east may need to be strategized differently from those proposed in other parts of the country


2.2.6 WATER RESOURCES

troduction

he Consultation on the Water Resources Sector brought together representatives from the

sues Discussed


proving Effectiveness of Investments in Irrigation: Even as the GoI aims to increase

Regulation of groundwater extraction (and examining the energy sector links to this)

ry capacity building)

ed by dams

r availability

tegrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Participatory Irrigation

mong the participants’ suggestions for the ADB in the context of the above were:

Adoption of IWRM principles taking the basin as a whole- with subject support to all government schemes to tests of IWRM and sustainability; sufficient attention to drinking water supply allocations; and, holistically viewing rural and urban drinking water demand

In

TCentral and State Government, select Development Partners and a number of CSOs.

Is

P

Imirrigation coverage- a significant challenge in itself, there is mounting concern over the performance and sustainability of past investments in the Sector. A case was made therefore for attention to rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, which, in turn, would imply attention to the policy, legal and institutional framework for O&M, consideration of the option to separate regulation from service provision, empowerment of water users, robust M&E arrangements and introduction of new management tools and practices. Some of the suggestions offered for the ADB’s consideration in this context related to the need for:

Integrating watershed management with irrigation management Focus on minor irrigation projects in rain-fed areas (with necessaExamining the safety aspects of aging irrigation infrastructure Pilot projects on resettlement and rehabilitation of those displacStudying best practices on maximising the value of water Knowledge products that permit better assessment of wate

InManagement (PIM): The Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) agency, under the Central Ministry of Water Resources has moved from PIM to IWRM (within which PIM remains important but in a larger context). However, this movement has been constrained on account of limited organizational strengths and capacities at both the Central and State-levels; varied interpretations of IWRM in the country (reflected, for example, in the debate on how ‘commercial’ intermediate organizations should be); and, insufficient integration of drinking water supply issues in IWRM. Further, PIM is said to be constrained by existing on-farm water management practices (not amenable to demand-led approaches), high influence of Irrigation Departments on the working of water user groups and political imperatives where State Governments intervene on O&M cost recovery. In this context, examples of work that is influenced by IWRM and PIM principles were cited- including the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) and India Canada Environment Facility (ICEF)-supported PIM networks in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, the DFID-supported Western Orissa Rural Livelihoods Project (WORLP) and the work undertaken in Maharashtra in the Upper Krishna region (with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) support).

A


Greater dialogue with the CADWM

Capacity building in support of PIM to unemployed youth in farm areas

CONSULATIONS ON WATER RESOURCES SECTOR: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations on the Water Resources Sector, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, prop ses to: o

Maintain emphasis on the strategic priorities it has identified (given the resonance found with participants) Support improved water resources management, including a better policy, legal and regulatory framework Emphasize capacity building of Sector institutions as they engage with IWRM and PIM Address livelihood issues under the IWRM framework to support inclusive growth Examine options for strengthening water user groups for better ownership of resources Recognize drinking water issues into the IWRM framework

2.2.7 MAINSTREAMING GENDER

Introduction

he Consultation on Mainstreaming Gender brought together representatives from the ry of Panchayati Raj, the Planning Commission of India, UNDP, USAID and

e European Union, apart from CSOs.


onceptualizing and Operationalizing Gender and Development: While society is usive

rowth requires both vertical and horizontal social analysis. The UNDP’s approach, for

s into participation models Strengthening bottom-up planning and universal access to integrated services

need for:

Organizational investment in building internal capacities to engage with gender issues r

integration

TCentral Ministth

Issues Discussed

P

Cvertically stratified, gender is a horizontal aspect across different social groups. Inclgexample, summarizes this as `Invest, Include and Involve.’ While most multilateral and bilateral Development Partners recognize gender issues at the design stages, these typically receive little attention at the implementation and monitoring stages largely due to the impatience of project managers with soft components of predominantly hardware oriented projects. In the view of the participants, some key elements in operationalizing Gender and Development (GAD) are:

Clearly defined role and expectations from communities in implementation planning Bringing in rights issue

Parallel engagement with men in communities

Discussing gender approaches in their own organizations, participants stressed the

Convincing project managers of the ‘how-to’ of, and value addition afforded by, gende


Recognizing the fact that new avenues of engagement with gender issues are often discovered during implementation

The s Eleventh Five Year Plan (with its articulated gender oals) to engage more substantively with gender issues was also mentioned- at the same time

ly felt that the implications of infrastructure evelopment in a ‘gender unfriendly’ economy and environment needs to be better

relation with gender. Gender and energy intersections need to be viewed beyond the context of

rporated and addressed in large-scale energy projects was acknowledged as a challenge and the urgent need to

one and calls for tactful approaches to mainstreaming gender issues.

the Informal Sector, the articulation of an employment strategy for women should start from the Informal Sector. The sector needs a pro-active

Ind itself out in the home, ommunity and wider society and indicators need to be carefully designed to capture

g:

mainstream GAD approaches with special attention to identifying appropriate entry points and measuring

opportunity presented by the GoI’gacknowledging the challenges in operationalizing these opportunities due to inter-departmental coordination issues and the need, therefore, for considering a ‘mission’ mode that cuts across departmental turfs and domains.

Gender Issues in Select Sectors: It was commondunderstood. Commenting specifically on select Sectors, participants posted that:

Energy should be seen not just as a Sector but as a cross-cutting theme in

household drudgery as the gender-energy interface has other dimensions with interesting potential. For example, energy need and use tends to be invisible in the Informal sector where most women work. Notably, in what presents a frame for negotiating the gender-energy interface, the GoI’s Eleventh Five Year Plan envisages the availability of energy sources within a kilometre of every household in the country.

The lack of experience on how gender concerns could be inco

generate a body of first-hand experience on mainstreaming gender at all stages of the project cycle in such projects was pointed to.

The Transport Sector is a ‘male-dominated’

With most women engaged in

and nuanced strategy given the range of threats it is exposed to.

icators for GAD: Gender is a power relationship that workscrelationships at all these levels/ domains. It is particularly important to recognize that indicators can occasionally mislead as ‘seeming’ empowerment in one sphere may actually be leading to significant disempowerment in others. Further, it was felt that, designing the right indicators and monitoring them demands an intimate knowledge of ground realities and careful triangulation. A notable constraint could be the non-availability of sub-household data- which, in turn, makes it difficult to quantify and analyze the feminization of poverty.

In the light of the discussion, the participants felt that the ADB should consider the followin

Defining inclusive growth in operational terms with clear indicators

Building on its existing strengths in the infrastructure sector to

and monitoring the gender impact of all interventions deploying resources with requisite capacities to undertake such measurement and monitoring


tiating capacities (particularly women from marginalized communities) and bring them closer to household and

encourage the scale-up of successful approaches and models

ween the Ministry of Women and Child Development and Sector Ministries

s of HIV, human trafficking and rural livelihoods- given the strong links these issues have with the ADB’s priority Sectors such as Transport and Energy

Interventions that strengthen women’s bargaining and nego

community decision-making processes- in the context of household-level dynamics, issues around income and food security found special mention

Assess rural financial institutions for their gendered impact and

Promoting greater convergence bet

Partnerships in the area

CONSULATIONS ON MAINSTREAMING GENDER: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on th the the above, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement wicountry, proposes to:

Continue its focus on mainstreaming gender in its work building on the experience so far, in particular focusing on the challenge of ensuring serious attention to gender-related issues at the implementation stages

Consider Technical Assistance to develop knowledge products on indicators for improved gender outcomes

2.3 STATE-LEVEL CONSULTATIONS

er Consultation in Rajasthan brought together representatives from the ajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project (RUIDP), UNICEF, the Institute of

nses to/ observations on the ADB presentation dwelt principally on:

ntextere:

nstrained water resources which are further exacerbated due to rising water demand in all sectors, rapid groundwater exploitation, insufficient attention to rain-fed agriculture

2.3.1 RAJASTHAN

Introduction

The StakeholdRDevelopment Studies Jaipur (IDSJ), the Indian Institute of Health Management and Research, and a prominent Jaipur-based CSO, the Consumer Unity and Trust Society (CUTS).

Issues Discussed

Participants’ respo

Developmental Challenges in Rajasthan: Among the key issues mentioned in this cow

Co

and serious water quality issues (particularly fluoride) and most notably evident in recurrent water shortages both in rural and urban areas; this, in turn, has made the Water Resources Sector in Rajasthan a priority with Development Partners such as the EU and the WB


ntly to power supply constraints) reflected in concerns over unemployment

ularly energy (despite significant wind energy potential in Western Rajasthan), rural roads and intermediate infrastructure that would

s than flattering developmental indicators, particularly in the case of rural areas- special

pacities and delivery systems

account its implications for water demand (given that tourism-related investments have often been

on to the Animal Husbandry Sector on which a significant proportion of the rural population depends- this was traced to inadequate infrastructure availability for

In e ADB’s onsideration:

account the State’s Five Year Plan in addition to the GoI for a better scoping of the partnership at the State-level

jasthan’s Water Sector Policy Statement, with special attention to taking forward the Integrated Water Resource Management agenda, creation

ture investment on social infrastructure with investments that ensure better access to communities and better resource utilization by service providers

AD nificant vestment in urban infrastructure permitted by the ADB support and its contribution to the

Low economic momentum in the agricultural and industrial sectors (the latter owing significalevels, and tertiary sector potential contributing to rapid, often unplanned urbanization with implications for infrastructure availability and quality of services (a process linked to rural and agricultural immiserization)

Poor economic infrastructure- partic

allow agricultural producers to tap the immense potential from investment in retail

Concerning social infrastructure and service delivery situation reflected in the les

mention, in this context, was made of primary and secondary education infrastructure and quality and the growing spectre of HIV/ AIDS

Larger issues of governance and institutional ca

Untapped tourism potential which needs to be harnessed taking into

water-intensive)

Inadequate attenti

the meat and dairy industry and inadequate lending from financial institutions

the context of the above, the participants suggested the following for thc

Taking into

Support for actions mentioned in Ra

of minor irrigation capacities and surface water-based rural and urban water supply and sanitation projects

Complementing fu

B Project Performance: While some of the participants pointed to the siginquality of living in urban Rajasthan, there was concern over what was perceived as an ‘urban bias’ with the ADB supporting only an Urban Sector intervention in the State and not working in rural areas where developmental challenges are said to be more significant. (In response, the ADB representatives clarified that the ADB’s Urban Sector projects accounted for less than a fifth of their allocations in India over the 2003-06 period and that it had proceeded with an Urban Sector intervention in Rajasthan in response to an expressed demand from the State and Central governments.)


In addition to the above, participants also pointed to the following in the context of the

The time over-runs due to inadequate planning, lack of coordination between various

Need for examining the ADB’s policies of resettlement and rehabilitation as these

Potential for enhancing community participation that needed to be tapped

The reduced attractiveness of the ADB loans under the new back-to-back lending

the context of the above, the participants suggested the following for the ADB’s

A more balanced portfolio given serious rural-urban imbalances in the State

Attention to smaller urban centers- going beyond the five largest ones RUIDP focuses on

Ensuring better quality infrastructure, more robust environmental appraisals and focus on

More attractive lending terms given the apprehension around high interest rates

Developing a regulatory framework for infrastructure

Focus on capacity building and knowledge sharing and dissemination, especially in the

RUIDP:

government departments/ agencies, lengthy tendering procedures and other procedural delays involved in clearances from Delhi/ Manila and, importantly, lack of adequate trained manpower and institutional capacities for fund absorption and project execution

necessitated actions beyond those required to comply with the Central and State Government guidelines

arrangement- with cheaper loans said to be available from other financial institutions; this, it was felt, could have implications for future ADB engagement in the State

Inconsideration:

water recycling and eco-sanitation (given water constraints in the State)

light of the thrust on PPPs

CONSULATIONS IN RAJASTHAN: EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Cons ramework for ultations in Rajasthan, the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger fengagement with the country, proposes to:

Examine the option of working in the Water Resources Sector in the State- in the context of the State Water Policy and the actions identified therein

Further publicise its new, more flexible lending instruments and modalities- highlighting in particular the merits and terms of engagement these imply for the State

Emphasise capacity building of partner institutions in its projects


2.3.2 KARNATAKA- BANGALORE

troduction

he State-level Consultation in Bangalore, Karnataka brought together representatives from

sues Discussed


hrust Areas in Urban Development: With a structural shift underway in the State

the specific context of Bangalore, the following were mentioned:

The rapidly urbanizing Karnataka Capital is currently spread over almost a hundred km

Investments in economic infrastructure development need to be complemented by social

Most of Bangalore’s slum dwellers work in the unorganized sector and even while their

PPPs in slum rehabilitation need careful consideration as these may be accompanied by


in recognition of the serious rural-urban

In

Tthe State Urban Development Department, the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Finance Development Corporation (KUIDFC), the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board and the Federation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the Deputy Chairperson of the Karnataka State Planning Board and several prominent CSOs.

Is

P

Teconomy with increasing urbanisation, the Government of Karnataka (GoK) is according top priority to urban water and sanitation and transport (with focus on public transport) issues and improved urban governance and institutional capacities. PPPs, where Karnataka has been one of the early starters in the country, could contribute significantly to meeting urban infrastructure requirements once satisfactory risk-sharing arrangements evolve. Urban governance and institutional capacity-related issues assume significance with autonomous ULBs capable of a new generation of financial instruments, would be critical to city-driven, responsive urban development. It is also recognized by the GoK that priority to urban development needs to balanced by attention to the concerning rural-urban and regional imbalances in the State.

In

radius and the city’s urban infrastructure planning and delivery needs to take this into account to be imbued with necessary perspective.

sector infrastructure and service delivery.

contribution to the city life and economy is significant, they lack access to quality housing, basic services, social security and credit. Further, there have been instances when slum dwellers have been relocated to far-off, poorly serviced locations.

strong possibilities of land grab.

Inconsideration:

Increased focus on rural and North Karnataka and regional imbalances in the State- with special focus on agricultural infrastructure, education, health and micro-credit


More emphasis on capacity building at various levels- not only for government

Attention to infrastructure development in peri-urban areas, revitalization of the urban

response to some of the above, the ADB representatives present on the occasion clarified

Any increase in the ADB’s investment in Karnataka is predicated on the discussions with

ADB is alive to the need for effective implementation of social sector investment

tate Government and Implementing Agency Experience with ADB: In the view of the

mong the suggestions for the ADB from State Government and implementing agency

he proposal for non-sovereign loans were welcomed by State Government and


Accepting locally applicable procurement and R&R guidelines- use of local procurement

Examining the appropriateness of non-domestic Consultants and, in general, aiming at reduced dependence on Consultants by investing in capacity building within

departments and implementing but also extending to elected representatives within ULBs and civil society

informal sector and better deployment of JNNURM- deemed important for addressing issues concerning the urban poor

Inthat:

the Department of Economic Affairs and assessments of whether Karnataka can draw other resources such as equity markets

SState Government and implementing agencies, the ADB, which supported the first integrated urban infrastructure project in Karnataka, has been a flexible partner which has displayed a nuanced understanding of ground realities, worked towards improved infrastructure planning, execution and management capacities and supported the institutionalization of processes such as benchmark evaluation, stakeholder consultation and willing-to-pay investigations. Initial implementing agency concerns around preparatory Technical Assistance being not adequately appreciative of ground realities and choice of consultants were subsequently addressed in discussion with the ADB.

Arepresentatives were consideration of their procurement guidelines and R&R requirements (said to be more advanced than those of the GoK). These, along with the frequent requirement for re-computing loan amounts with exchange rate variations, were cited as major factors constraining progress. Concern was also expressed around O&M arrangements for the high quality infrastructure supported by the ADB. O&M-related concerns were traced to inadequate institutional capacity and limited availability of finances for maintaining water conveyance pipelines in typically surface water-based urban water supply projects.

Timplementing agency representatives as these are considered useful to support the growing ULB demands at a time when the GoK is not always in a position to respond to these due to the obligations under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act.

Inconsideration:

guidelines, it was felt, would be particularly appropriate when contracts were terminated with less than 20 percent of works completed


implementing agencies and of contractors; where Consultant input is necessary, take the advice of the implementing agencies into account in selection and make the output of implementation phase consultancies output or performance-based

Selection of project locales and components based on demand and feasibility of proposed O&M arrangements

ssistance between loan sanction and project implementation stages

with loan components approved provisionally and reimbursed after due verification

s en route in the case of surface water-based projects with long conveyance pipelines

casion clarified at:

DB is alive to the issue of building local capacities vis-à-vis depending on external Consultants and harmonisation of procurement and R&R norms with those of the Central

ove from projects to programmes in the immediate future

societypresentatives were:

ed in project implementation is essential as delays and fund under-utilization could impose additional interest burden on the State and its citizens (as

ds to work at disseminating information on its work, particularly its impacts on policies and the poor, more widely. Among the documents suggested for wider

sync with those at the Country and State-level in the light of criticism that the GoI’s Draft R&R Policy has

Bridging Technical A

Recalculation of loan amounts due to currency rate variations to be undertaken annually

Grant components for O&M and components for extending supply to rural habitation

Progressively move from ring-fenced projects to sector-wide programmes

In response to some of the above, the ADB representatives present on the octh

A

and State Governments

ADB does not plan to m

The ADB’s Engagement with Civil Society: Among the major points made by civil re

Efficiency and spe

reportedly has been discussed in the media and the Karnataka State Legislature). On the other hand, this needs to be balanced with the demands of accountability and transparency through mechanisms such as public Project Watch (broader than the occasional Consultation) and substantive civil society roles in planning, implementation and monitoring.

The ADB nee

circulation were the review of the ADB’s CPS for the 2003-06 period and reviews of its earlier work in Karnataka and the Water Resources and Transport Sectors. Two of the concerns cited to substantiate the need for wider dissemination were the uncertainties around the implications of reform-linked legislation and PPPs (both seen as being supported by the ADB) on ordinary citizens, particularly the poor.

The ADB should consider the view that its R&R norms be more in

drawn recently and the fact that the State of Karnataka has only project-specific and not State-wide applicable norms.


otice and better structured so as to ensure informed participation.

In tfor the ADB’s consideration:

s and cost recovery

that

formation and reviews/ assessments to be placed on its website

atter rests in the State Government’s domain

are deemed politically prudent and sustainable

Some civil society representatives were of the view that future ADB Consultations should be organized with more n

he context of the above, the participants representing civil society suggested the following

Encouraging the State Government towards pro-poor measures for slum rehabilitation and against arbitrary eviction

Exhibiting flexibility on aspects of reform where there is high resistance- such as rationalization of subsidie

In response to some of the above, the ADB representatives present on the occasion clarified :

The ADB’s Public Communication Policy makes it mandatory for all project-based in

The ADB, while recognizing slum rehabilitation as an important issue, cannot engage with the same to the extent desired by the participants as the m

Conditions attached to the ADB loans are negotiated with State Governments and include only those changes that

PPPs represent a major opportunity and encouraging these is central to both the GoI and the ADB’s medium-term priorities

CONSULATIONS IN KARNATAKA (BANGALORE): EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations in Bangalore (Karnataka), the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Enhance its emphasis on local capacity building Pursue its plans for supporting the JNNURM and the PPP agenda Continue to emphasize issues of urban poverty in its Urban Sector interventions Take special cognizance of need for robust O&M arrangements

2.3.3 KARNATAKA- MANGALORE

Introduction

together the Mayor of Mangalore, representatives of Urban Infrastructure Finance Development Corporation (KUIDFC), the Oil

nd Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), the Udipi Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the

he Consultation in Mangalore brought Tthe Karnataka aKanara Builders Association and several CSOs under the umbrella of the NGO Task Force.


Issues Discussed


Development Perspective for Mangalore: Mangalore, with its early efforts at land reform and an egalitarian social base, has a history of skilled manpower (reflected in high remittances) and the highest Human Development Index (HDI) score in the State of Karnataka. However, it has witnessed employment stagnation in the last decade and large infrastructure gaps have emerged with continued population influx into the city. The long coastline of the South Kanara region, the ONGC’s proposed Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for a SEZ with a refinery, power plant, gas terminal and pipeline, tourism potential and availability of harvestable water resources (if appropriately tapped), however provide cause for optimism.

Experiences and Perspectives of the ADB-supported Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project (KUDCEMP): Among the key achievements of the Project that representatives of the ULB and other implementing partners cited were the introduction of quality consciousness in project planning and implementation and a general appreciation of reform at the ULB level.

Further, important lessons learnt that were acknowledged included the need for:

Greater ULB involvement in the project preparation stage

Extensive awareness campaigns targeted at all major stakeholders to clarify the project objectives and approaches and address concerns/ misconceptions, if any

Ensure adequate time availability for planning and design; time constraints reportedly led to frequent mid-stream changes (and consequent delays)

Focus on development of core infrastructure services (such as water and sanitation, solid waste management) rather than on creation of buildings- with due importance to O&M arrangements and costs of proposed infrastructure; this, it was felt, could lead to a situation where ULBs, not always recognizing O&M implications of assets created initially, would be strained to manage these later

Ensure adequate time availability for planning and design; time constraints reportedly led to frequent mid-stream changes (and consequent delays)

More emphasis on environmental (including bio-diversity) management given the project’s larger objectives of improved coastal environment management and limited environmental management capacities within local institutions

Attention to smaller urban centers in the city hinterland and tapping of tourism potential

Increased deployment of domestic Consultants for project preparatory Technical Assistance- in preference to non-domestic Consultants perceived to have a less nuanced understanding of the local situations


Better scheduling of land acquisition efforts (ideally before commencement of project implementation) to avoid delays

Improving capacities of local contractors; attempts are being made to address using a

Transparency and communication as reflected in the allegedly limited knowledge of the

esentatives’ erroneous perception that the ADB assistance is a grant (and the linked absence of a

deduct grants in the future to service the loan); the inability of the personnel to comprehend project reports; and poor

Non-acceptance of serious design flaws (limited water storage capacity and exclusion of

ity to engagement with ULBs,

countable to its own

performance-based deferred payment system that incentivizes timely work completion

In the context of limited capacities at the ULB-level, the long-term case for a Municipal Engineering Service cadre, and pending this, the need for considering project implementation components now undertaken by ULBs to be undertaken by Consultants, was mentioned.

Civil Society Perspectives: Concern was expressed around the following by civil society representatives:

project details and the ADB’s role among Mangalore’s residents and perceptions that (a) the ADB’s involvement represented a violation of national sovereignty and amounted to an imposition of an external plan on the ULB; (b) the ADB would stand to benefit form delays; and, (c) the user charges for infrastructure, much resisted by residents, had been encouraged by the ADB

Severe capacity constraints at the ULB-level- reflected in the elected repr

repayment plan which could lead the State Government to

data and record keeping that, in turn, led to unreliable inputs to project planning

O&M were cited as examples) in the water supply component despite these being pointed out to on more than one occasions

People’s participation being invited only at the implementation stage and not at the more crucial planning and design stages

Inadequate implementation planning that led to serious traffic disruption and inconvenience to citizens

In response to the above, the ADB representatives present on the occasion clarified that:

The ADB accords, and will continue to accord, priorcitizens and civil society at all stages of project implementation. Limited public awareness of the project is a critical issue and needs to be re-examined.

Project delays remain of concern to the ADB since it is equally acBoard for delays.

ADB is not comparable to a commercial bank and works in India on the invitation of the GoI choosing its intervention areas and themes in discussion with the GoI and host States. Concerns around violation of national sovereignty and imposition of external plans, are therefore not well-founded.


An O&M plan prepared with ULB consultation was a pre-condition for ADB’s support.

The ADB recognizes that inconvenience to the general public due to project implementation needs to be minimized.

CONSULATIONS IN MANGALORE (KARNATAKA): EMERGING IMPLICATIONS

Based on the Consultations in Mangalore (Karnataka), the ADB, as part of CPS for India and within its larger framework for engagement with the country, proposes to:

Continue emphasizing the need for greater stakeholder engagement at all stages Consider ways of minimizing project delays Enhance its emphasis on local capacity building Take special cognizance of need for robust O&M arrangements

3. R

3.1

m

Maof t

Align the CPS with the GoI’s Eleventh Five Year Plan

cial sector infrastructure Venture into poorer, weak capacity States

ledge products and capacity building

of opportunities available for working with various Development Partners (as were indicated Consultations with the Development Partners), beginning with opportunities that are more

susinfr ns suggested that

e ADB build on this experience and work further on this theme given the thrust at PPPs

that could play and the role of the ADB in catalyzing this, participants ften pointed out, has to take into the account the limited appreciation of, and institutional

pooandeng or; and, (b) systematic assessment of the likely implications

ECOMMENDATIONS

COMMON THEMES/ APPROACHES

A ong the common recommendations made to the ADB during the various Consultations were to:

intain focus on the strategic priorities identified: In particular, participants during most he Consulations welcomed the ADB’s proposals to:

Provide continued emphasis on infrastructure development Systematically take forward the PPP agenda Consider selective assistance for so

Focus on mainstreaming gender issues in all its interventions Accord greater prominence to know

In pursuing these strategic priorities, the ADB recognizes, and proposes to explore, the range

inpragmatic to pursue in the context of the near-term lending and non-lending pipelines.

Facilitate a significant yet calibrated role for the Private Sector: Recognizing the ADB’s tained effort in recent years to ensure a substantive role for the Private Sector in astructure development in India, participants during the CPS Consultatio

thenvisaged in the Eleventh Five Year Plan. However, this acknowledgement of the key role

the Private Sectorocapacities for, taking forward PSP/ PPPs and the uncertainties about their impacts on the

r. In this backdrop, a case has been made for the ADB to focus on (a) facilitating a policy regulatory environment and institutional incentives and capacities to ensure substantive agement with the Private Sect


on the poor and contemplation of appropriate measures to mitigate potentially adverse p

for these more country-specific; and, work towards rivate Sector operations that respond better to borrowers’ specific needs.

Strive untry

have already drafted their own. The ADB’s ith implications for

p pprehensions that these may lead to precedents that ays be in a position to abide by in routine

ed that the ADB should continue to mphasize its ‘high’ standards so that these are mainstreamed and pointed to what they

ings in the GoI’s proposed R&R Policy. During the CPS sentatives have consistently maintained that the environmental

e ADB perspective. This suggests a case for d State Government agencies on the subject

ot sufficiently engage civil society rmations (NGOs) in the planning and design stages of projects (choosing rather to involve

more open to sharing its project-ountries and/ or Sectors. In

stated that the ADB works within the larger m e in discussion with the GoI,

its lending in close discussion with concerned gagement with CSOs and

rmation sharing rotocols. However, the frequency with which CSOs expressed the above concerns suggests

im acts and enhance potentially beneficial impacts based on informed assessments.

In parallel, the ADB proposes to consider easing documentation and reporting requirements its private sector borrowers and making

P

for consistency of its Environmental and Social Safeguards with in-conorms: It has been suggested that the ADB consider harmonizing its environmental and social safeguard requirements with those locally applicable, especially since the GoI is inalizing its own R&R Policy and several Statesf

requirements are generally perceived to be too demanding (wim lementation schedules) and there are aCentral and State agencies may not alwcircumstances. On the other hand, certain CSOs have arguebelieve are serious shortcomConsultations, the ADB repreand social safeguards are important from thfurther dialogue with the concerned Central anand examining the possibility of harmonising the ADB’s safeguard standards with other those of other multilateral Development Partners.

Further strengthen engagement with Civil Society: There appeared to be a perception among certain CSOs that the ADB (a) ‘imposes’ its own agenda on various Central and State Government partners/ executing agencies; (b) does nfothem in the implementation stage); and, (c) needs to be related documentation and data and experiences in other cresponse to these, the ADB representatives have fra e laid by the GoI, selects States and Sectors in to intervendevelops the terms and conditions attached toCentral and State Government agencies, emphasizes close encommunities at all stages of project execution and has appropriate infopthat these messages may need to reinforced more often through CSO engagement.

Further, the ADB takes special note of the range of recommendations made on more and better modes of engagement with civil society and proposes to:

Work further to ensure that project designs contribute to inclusive growth and afford space for substantive CSO engagement, including options for civil society representation in project governance structures

Examine options for capacity building of implementing agencies and CSOs on issues of displacement, rehabilitation and community involvement in project planning and monitoring


Improve community involvement in infrastructure projects, including an examination of the feasibility of community monitoring and exploration of instruments such as citizens’ surveys and social audit

Continue emphasis on knowledge and capacity building: In almost all Sessions, this was identified as a major constraint and there have been occasions when the ADB’s contribution to knowledge and capacity building was deemed as important as its lending support. The key

aps mentioned were those around weak institutional capacities and systems; need for greater gappreciation of a series of policy, institutional, technical and economic issues in various Sectors; and, fora for better engagement with emerging paradigms such as PPPs. These are significant expectations from the ADB in this area even though the limitations of the ADB in providing such support given its largely Ordinary Capital Resource (OCR) lending in India need to be recognized. Importantly, it is observed that much of these will imply Technical Assistance support requiring access to Trust Fund resources. On the subject of Technical Assistance, the ADB also noted the preference for domestic consulting support.

The discussion around the above has been summarized in Table (1).

TABLE (1): ADB INDIA CPS CONSULTATIONS- COMMON ISSUES AND THEMES FOR DISCUSSION

Key Issues Brief Description Remarks/ Implications for the ADB

Strategic‘Balance’ and Investment Priorities

The ADB’s diagnosis of two ‘Indias’ found resonance throughout the CPS Consultations and participants generally welcomed the ADB’s (a) recent interest in the Agriculture Sector; and, (b) decision to venture into weak capacity, poorer States. A sharper focus on the Agriculture Sector and certain poor States, it was held, would ensure that the ADB engages closely with the serious regional and rural-urban disparities that the GoI has rightly identified as a key challenge

Agricultural Sector in India, the ADB will need to recognize the current imbalances in public investment in the Sector (where rainfed areas, where the poorest Indians live, have traditionally received less attention), the recurrent concerns expressed around sustainability (water resource, O&M), major knowledge gaps and the opportunities and constraints to PSP in the Sector. While these provide a spectrum of opportunities for engagement, it is important that further thinking on the scale and nature of the ADB’s engagement with the Agriculture Sector in India take into account the commitments already made and internal capacities.

for the Eleventh Five Year Plan period. As far as weak capacity, poorer States are concerne

While planning its engagement with the

d, the ADB has been with engaged with several of these. However, the current approach of maintaining an engagement with other better capacity, less poor States may be continued to balance risk.




Role of the Private Sector

that the Private Sector could play and the catalyzing roleha

regulatory p over roles and risk-sha capacities within public agencies, and importantly, a common and robust understanding among various stakeholders of the larger agenda and its rationale Crucially, there remain issues around each of these dimensions- reflected, in turn, in the oft-repeated

s been made, particularly since PPPs have been identified

a by the GoI in its Eleventh n. The ADB’s efforts in this

direction will have to focus on creating the environment and

and capacities to gement with the

Private Sector. Importantly, this will have to ofthe likely implications on the poor and

Recognizing the ADB’s sustained effort in recent years to ensure a substantive role for the Private Sector in infrastructure development in India, participants during the CPS Consultations suggested that the ADB build on this experience and work further on this theme given the thrust at PPPs envisaged in the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The recent ADB support for PPP Cells at the Central level and in select States is considered important for furthering the agenda.

The case for further strengthening ADB’s efforts towards ensuring more substantive roles for the Private Sector in infrastructure development in India ha

However, acknowledgement of the key role as a thrust areFive Year Pla

that the ADB could opt for s been accompanied by two broad sets of

policy and regulatory

concerns. One: PSP in general, and PPPs in particular, require certain policy and

institutional incentives ensure substantive enga

re-requisites, clarityring arrangements,

concerns over lack of appealing investment/ partnership/ participation opportunities for the Private Sector. Two: There is insufficient understanding of how PSPs and/ or PPPs would impact the poor.

be backed by systematic assessment

appropriate measures will have to be contemplated based on informed assessments.

Environmental and Social Safeguards

ved to be too demanding (with implications for implementation schedules) and there are apprehensions that these may lead to precedents that Central and State agencies may not always be in a position to abide by in routine circumstances. On the other hand, certain CSOs have argued that the ADB should continue to emphasize its ‘high’ standards so that these are mainstreamed and pointed to what they believe are serious shortcomings in the GoI’s proposed R&R Policy.

re important from the DB perspective. Even while this position

fortunate developments in States such as Orissa and West Bengal. This assumes further significance in the case of the ADB as several CSOs have pointed to the need for greater ADB engagement with these issues.

It has been suggested that the ADB consider harmonizing its environmental and social safeguard requirements with those locally applicable, especially since the GoI is finalizing its own R&R Policy and several States have already drafted their own. The ADB’s requirements are generally percei

During the CPS Consultations, the ADB representatives have consistently maintained that the environmental and social safeguards aAis unexceptionable, there is a case for further dialogue with the concerned Central and State Government agencies on the subject- especially at a time when R&R issues in particular have captured national imagination due to un




Engagement with Civil Society

eds to be more open to sharing its roject-related documentation and data and

In their responses to these concerns, the ADB representatives have stated that the

DB works within the larger frame laid by the GoI, selects States and Sectors in to intervene in discussion with the GoI, develops the terms and conditions attached to its lending in close discussion with

There appeared to be a perception among certain CSOs that the ADB (a) ‘imposes’ its own agenda on various Central and State Government partners/ executing agencies; (b) does not sufficiently engage civil society formations (NGOs) in the planning and design stages of projects (choosing rather to involve them in the implementation stage); and, (c) ne

A

pexperiences in other countries and/ or Sectors.

concerned Central and State Government agencies, emphasizes close engagement with civil society formations and communities at all stages of project execution and has appropriate information sharing protocols, in accordance with which all relevant information about its work is disseminated on the web and through other means. These messages may however need to be reinforced more often through engagements with civil society.

Knowledge and Capacity Building

portantly, it is observed that much of these will require Technical

support requiring access to Trust Fund resources. On the subject of Technical Assistance, the ADB may also need to note he preference for domestic consulting

support.

In almost all Sessions, this was identified as a major constraint and there have been occasions when the ADB’s contribution to knowledge and capacity building was deemed as important as its lending support. The key gaps mentioned were those around weak institutional capacities and systems; need for greater appreciation of a series of policy, institutional, technical and economic issues in various Sectors; and, fora for better engagement with emerging paradigms such as PPPs.

Assistance

t

There are significant expectations from the ADB in this area even though the limitations of the ADB in providing such support given its largely Ordinary Capital Resource (OCR) lending in India need to be recognized. Im

Two other issues ed to focus on were:

Create greaflexible lendpotential issu eterms of enga

inidentifpmen

made

on which the ADB was commonly urg

ter awareness on its lending instruing instruments and modalities introdes that borrowers need to recognize bgement these imply for borrowers

frastructure investments, especially ied as concerning in a range of St, etc.) and will have a serious bearing

ments, paricularly the new, more uced- highlighting the merits and fore committing themselves and the

since O&M issues have commonly ectors (such as Irrigation, Urban on the sustainability of investment

O&M ofbeenDevelo


3.2 SECTOR- SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS

In addition to the above which found frequent mention during several Sessions, among the Sector-specific recommendations made to the ADB during the Consultations were to:

Agriculture

Consider higserious issue sgoal of incluthe constrain

infrrural credit in sand furtheran

Energy

Further a two-tiered approach that will involve workState-level so as to ensure a balance between macro-Sector infrastructure development requirements wquality of ser

Consider opt e

’s ‘Pow

Mainstream e e

Transport

ementation roles separation may

V/ AIDS and human trafficking issues

size the urban sector reform agenda, including capacity building

Accord central space to the urban poor in Urban Development interventions, including careful consideration of the option to work with NGOs, other CSOs and the private sector

Examine the case for micro-finance interventions- weighing the range of issues that could impact these against their potential benefits

her allocations for the Agriculture Sects ailing the Sector, the high priority it asive, fast paced growth and the current ts that remain to PSP, in the Sector

astructure development, private sectoritiatives with special recognition of isce of small farmers’ interests

or than currently envisaged given the sumes if India is to achieve its larger imbalances in public investment, and

participation and agri-business and ues around policy, capacity building

ing in parallel at the central PSU and

Support

and reforms at State-level withoutvice issues would remain challenging

tions for decentralized distribution finvisage more substantive roles for PRIer for All’ goal

nergy efficiency and conservation issu

hich investment sustainability and

nancing and management through s and NGOs with a view to achieving

s in Energy Sector work

models thaIndia

Rigorously examine the case for separation of policy/ planning and implas part of its institutional reform agenda given apprehensions that suchhave adverse implications on ground and could be contrary to international experience where there are reportedly instances of such roles being consolidated.

Further emphasize safety audits and contemplate user satisfaction surveys and partnerships with agencies working on safety, HI

Urban Development & Tourism

Recognize the likely gaps in the CDPs prepared under the JNNURM and continually empha


Recognize the import of civic governance and urban and other infrastructure constraints that tourism development will involve

working with institutions other than ULBs- implying thus a degree of flexibility in the

development of select high-value tourist destinations and/ or circuits

ment, including support for a better policy, legal, regulatory and O&M framework

Emphasize capacity building of Sector institutions as they engage with IWRM and PIM

s for better ownership of resources

4. N

rich insight ained through the India CPS Consultations, now intends to consider internally, both at the

d INRM level, the range of issues and recommendations received and refine its itial diagnosis and country and Sector-level priorities based on the same, including

framoththend

T eou

ntation and monitoring mechanisms and issues.

in the Tourism Sector; in parallel, also recognizing

interpretation of the Urban Development and Tourism Sectors as a single Sector within the ADB portfolio

Consider

Further analyze the appropriateness of regulation in the Tourism Sector

Recognize that tourism initiatives in the North-east may need to be strategized differently from those proposed in other parts of the country

Water Resources

Support improved water resources manage

Address livelihood issues under the IWRM framework to support inclusive growth

Examine options for strengthening water user group

Recognize drinking water issues into the IWRM framework

EXT STEPS

In line with its CPS Guidelines (January 2007), the ADB, equipped with the gcorporate aninsharpening, where needed, of its thematic and geographical foci, output and results

ework and sector road maps with monitoring indicators, cost sharing arrangements and er financing parameters and an indicative business operations plan for the initial years of CPS. The Draft CPS that will emerge based on the above will be discussed with the GoI finalized based on these discussions.a

h Final CPS will be made available at the ADB web-site and the INRM may consider in-ntry events with participation from various stakeholder groups to share the key features of c

the Final CPS and discuss impleme


ANNEX I: ADB INDIA CPS (2007-12) CONSULTATIONS- SESSION DETAILS

Session Date Location

Nati tation: Development Partners April 11 2007; 1000-1230 hours New Delhi onal Stakeholder Consul

Na onal Sector Consultation: Urban Development, Tourism April 12 2007; 0930-1230 hours ti New Delhi

Na onal Sector Consultation: Finance April 12 2007; 1230-1600 hti ours New Delhi

National Sector Consultation: Transport April 13 2007; 0930-1230 hours New Delhi

National Sector Consultation: Energy April 13 2007; 1230-1600 hours New Delhi

National Stakeholder Consultation: Civil Society April 17 2007; 0930-1230 hours New Delhi

Nati April 17 2007; 1230-1600 hours New Delhi onal Stakeholder Consultation: Private Sector

National Sector Consultation: Agriculture April 18 2007; 0930-1230 hours New Delhi

National Sector Consultation: Water Resources April 18 2007; 1230-1600 hours New Delhi

State-level Consultation: Rajasthan April 19 2007; 1000-1300 hours Jaipur

State-level Consultation: Karnataka April 23 2007; 0930-1230 hours Bangalore

State-level Consultation: Karnataka April 24 2007; 1000-1300 hours Mangalore

National Thematic Consultation: Mainstreaming Gender May 23 2007; 0930-1230 hours New Delhi


ANNEX II:ADB INDIA CPS (2007-12) CONSULTATIONS- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

National Stakeholder Consultation: Development Partners (Ap 2007; 1000-123ril 11 0 hours)

Andreas Pfeil, Development Counsellor, German Embassy

Anne Marchal, First Secretary, European Commission ations and Country P R

Dorte Vizard, First Secretary, Embassy of Denmark tions, European Co

Francois Kruger, Financial Counsellor, Embassy of France anager, DFID, India

Harsh Singh, Assistant Resident Representative, UNDP DB INRM

Jaya Chatterji, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INRM JBIC

Mandakini Kaul, Country Officer India, World Bank

Maxine Olson, UN Resident Co-coordinator NDP

Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM WHO Representative

Pratima Dayal, Principal Economist, ADB INRM rations Adviser/ Actin rl

Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARU ty Sub-Regional Direc

Shamit Chakravarti, Programs Officer, ADB INRM & H o

Sonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development Specialist, ADB Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM Tadashi Kondo, Country Director, ADB Ted Gehr, Program Officer, USAID Toku Kobayakawa, Assistant Resident Representative, JICA Usha Tankha, External Relations Officer, ADB INRM Yonas Tegegn, Partnership Officer, WHO

National Sector Consultation: Urban Development, Tourism (April 12 2007; 0930-1230 hours)

Aromar Revi, Director, TARU

Bhisma Rout, Assistant Oper rograms Specialist, ADB IN M

Etienne Claeye, Head of Opera mmission

Gopi Menon, Programme M

Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, Economist, A

M. P. Singh, Lead Regional Specialist,

Manish Dubey, Director, TARU

Emanative Kathel, Gender Analyst, U

Paramita Sudharto, Acting

Rachid Benmessaoud, Ope g Director, Delhi Office, Wo d Bank

Rie Vejs Kyeldgaard, Depu tor, ILO

Solveig Sechuster, Counsellor Development ead of Aid, Canadian High C mmission

Alex K. Jorgensen, Principal Urban Specialist, ADB INRM Amitabh Kant, Former Joint Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, GoI Amrit Pandurangi, Executive Director, PricewaterhouseCooper Aniruddha Kumar, Director (JNNURM), Ministry of Urban Development, GoI Aromar Revi, Director, TARU Arundhati Maiti, Consultant, Planning Commission Ashok Srivastava, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INRM Atul Chaturvedi, Director, Ministry of Tourism, GoI Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRM Debashish Bhattacharjee, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INRM


Gulfer Cezayirli, Principal Urban De cialist, ADB INRM KManish Dubey, Director, TARU

Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM

evelopment, GoI , GoI

ialist, ADB

ent of North Eastern Region, GoI

2007; 1230-1600 hours)

velopment Speulwant Singh, Chief Technical Advisor, UN-HABITAT

Mukesh Mathur, Acting Director, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)

Nidish Nair, Consultant, JNNURM Technical Cell ing Commission P. K. Aggarwal, Director, Plann

Prasanna Srinivasan, Senior Vice-President, IL&FS Raghu Kesavan, Finance Specialist, World Bank

al Cell Raja Venkataramani, Consultant, JNNURM TechnicRajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARU S. K. Lohia, Director (Urban Transport), Ministry of Urban DSavitur Prasad, Director, Ministry of Urban of DevelopmentSonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development SpecSujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM Suresh C. Sharma, Director, Ministry of Developm

National Sector Consultation: Financial Sector (April 12

Abhilakh Singh, Assistant General Manager, IREDA Ltd. f India

of Urban Development, GoI

SILe), IREDA Ltd.

tant, TARU

ctor, National Housing Bank Savitur Prasad, Director, Ministry of Urban of Development, GoI Sourindra Bhattacharjee, AVP, BASIX

Sonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development Specialist, ADB

Ajit Agnihotri, Chief Manager, Exim Bank oAmbrish Sahni, Vice President, SBI Caps Aniruddha Kumar, Director (JNNURM), MinistryAromar Revi, Director, TARU Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRM Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, Economist, ADB INRMMythili Ravi, Financial Officer, ADB INRM Niraj Verma, Financial Specialist, World Bank Nirajita Srinivasan, Deputy General Manager, SIDBI

ic Affairs, GoI P. P. Mitra, Economic Adviser (Banking Division), Department of EconomPrabhat Rao, General Manager, HDFC Limited Pratyush P. Prashant, Head- Multilateral Business, CRIDr. R.C. Sharma, Senior Manager (FinancRajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior ConsulRukmini Parthasarthy, Project Manager (Finance Sector), KfWDr. S. D. Nanda, Deputy Vice President, IIFCL S. Sridhar, Chairperson and Managing Dire

Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM

Suneet Mathur, Chief Manager, Exim Bank of India Tetsuo Ito, Senior Economist, ADB INRM


National Sector Consultation: Transport (April 13 2007; 0930-1230 hours)

A. K. Swaminathan, Senior Transport Specialist, World Bank Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRM

ist, ADB INRM

elopment, Government of India ort Development oopers India

y of Railways

oopers India

ational Sector Consultation: Energy (April 13 2007; 1230-1600 hours)

Cherian Thomas, Senior Director, IDFC Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, EconomJ. K. Bhattarcharya, Consultant, Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd. Jitendra Kumar, Director, Ministry of Rural DevK. L. Thapar, Chairperson, Asian Institute of Transp

eCKushal Singh, Senior Consultant, PricewaterhousM. P. Singh, Lead Regional Specialist, JBICManish Dubey, Director, TARU N. Madhusudan Rao, Executive Director (Planning), MinistrNarhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Raghu Dayal, Senior Fellow, Asian Institute of Transport Development S. S. Chakraborty, Managing Director, Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd.Shunso Tsukada, Principal Transport Specialist, ADB INRM Sonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development Specialist, ADB Subhrajit Ghadei, Senior Consultant, PricewaterhouseCSujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM

N

A. K. Gupta, Additional General Manager, NTPC

Corporation of India Limited HPC

M, Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

inator National Focal Point, INFORSE UNIFEM

CERC

tive, INSEDA

Ministry of Power

st, ADB B INRM

Aromar Revi, Director, TARU B. Mishra, Additional General Manager, Power GridB.R. Saraf, General Manager (Planning), NBhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRJ. Satish Kumar, Chief ManagerJunko Tanikawa, Representative, JBIC

RMK. V. Rao, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INo-ordLalita Balakrishnan, Head- Rural Energy & C

Meenakshi Ahluwalia, Senior Program Officer, Michael Gomes, Assistant Project Analyst, ADB INRMN. Natesan, Deputy General Manager (Corporate Planning), NTPC Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Navneeta Verma, Assistant Chief (Engineering),Neeraj Kapoor, Deputy General Manager (R&R), NTPC Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARU Ravinder, Chief (Engineering), CERC Ravi Shankar, Chief Engineer (Planning), NHPC Raymond Myles, Secretary General/ Chief ExecuRitu Mathur, Fellow- Policy Analysis Division, TERI S.C. Shrivastava, Joint-Chief (Engineering), CERC Sanjay Garg, Deputy General Manager,Sanjeev Moholkar, Regional Specialist, JBIC Shailesh Pathak, Head- PPP, IDFC

INRM Shunso Tsukada, Principal Transport Specialist, ADB SpecialiSonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development

Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, AD


National Stakeholder Consultation: Civil Society (April 17 2007; 0930-1230 hours)

Dr. B. Mishra, AVARD Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRM Gauri Singh, Project Consultant, SEWA Gimms Andrews, Chief Financial Officer, HOBE Foundation

Indrani Phukan, Fellow TERI

l, CAPART

U

0-1600 hours)

Indira Khurana, Director, WaterAid

J. Saravanan, Project Executive, DHAN Foundation Dr. Khan, Director, ASKH Lakshmi Prasad, Deputy Director GeneraLalita Balakrishnan, Head (Rural Energy), AIWC Maratha Farrell, Director, PRIA Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Neena Narula, Senior Program Officer, AKF P. K. Paliwal, Secretary, IIRD, Jaipur Prakash Chhangan, Consultant, CECODECONRajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARDr. Ratolal S. Patel, Assistant General Manager, Sabar Dairy, Himmatnagar Ruchira Gujral, Head of Partnership Development, AKF Sandhya K., Social Development Adviser, DFIDShamit Chakravarti, Programs Officer, ADB INRM Sourav Majumder, Project Co-ordinator, CINI ASHA Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM Varun Singh, Social Development Consultant, ADB INRM Vijay Kumar, Senior Scientist, Sulabh International

National Stakeholder Consultation: Private Sector (April 17 2007; 123

Ajay Sagar, Head- Private Sector and Financial Services Group, ADB INRM Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs Specialist, ADB INRM

DCCI

t, ADB INRM

Gokul Patnaik, Chairperson, Global Agri. Systems Pvt. Ltd. Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, Economist, ADB INRMJagdish Sharma, Assistant Director, FICCI Krishan Kalra, Secretary General, PHDCCI

alyticsLaveesh Bhandari, Director, Indicus AnMallika Singh, Senior Assistant Secretary, PHDCCI Manish Dubey, Director, TARU Dr. Manju K. Prakash, Senior Director, FICCI Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Palash Srivastava, Lead Specialist, IDFC Ramesh Sharma, Vice President, YES Bank Ltd. Rashmi Aggarwal, Secretary (Infrastructure), PHShailesh Pathak, Head (PPP), IDFC Shamit Chakravarti, Programs Officer, ADB INRM Suhail Kassim, Research Analyst, World Bank Sujatha Viswanathan, Social EconomisT. G. Keswani, Joint Secretary, PHDCCI


National Sector Consultation: Agriculture (April 18 2007; 0930-1230 hours)

A. K. Krishna Kumar, Chief Operating Officer (Head: Agri-business), IL&FS

y Programs Specialist, ADB INRM abobank

sources, South Asia, ADB

NRM

ADB INRM ector, SPWD

rld Bank r Consultant, TARU

Programme Officer, AKF cialist, ADB

INRM l Development

Anirudh Tiwari, Coordinator FPU, IFAD Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and CountrDr. C. Prabhu, Associate Director, RD. K. Manakalam, Executive Director, AFPRO Fred Roche, Director- Agriculture, Environment & Natural ReHiranya Mukhopadhyay, Economist, ADB INRM Jaya Chatterji, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INRM K. Yokoyama, Senior Water Resources Specialist, ADB Kavita Iyengar, Senior Consultant, ADB Lorry Paulsa, Agricultural Officer, USAID Martien van Nieuwkoop, Lead Rural Development Specialist , World Bank Narhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INeera Burra, Sociologist, New Delhi Pratima Dayal, Principal Economist, Pramod Tyagi, Programme DirR. S. Pathak, Senior Water Resources Specialist, WoRajesh Ramakrishnan, SenioS.C. Jain, Deputy Programme Coordinator, AFPRO Shamit Chakravarti, Programs Officer, ADB INRMSomnath Bandyopadayay, SeniorSonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development SpeSrinvasan Iyer, Livelihood Advisor, DFID

st, ADBSujatha Viswanathan, Social EconomiV. J. Menon, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Rura

07; 1230-1600 hours)National Sector Consultation: Water Resources (April 18 20

A.S. Dhingra, Commissioner (CADWM), Ministry oAmar Prasad, CEO, GVT

f Water Resources, GoI

ics, IWMI

ecialist, ADB INRM atural Resources, South Asia, ADB

Hiroko Kamata, Project Formulation Advisor, JICA India Office Jaya Chatterji, Project Implementation Officer, ADB INRM

Junichi Hamanaka, Representative, JBIC New Delhi

mission on Irrigation &

M

ld Bank

Dr. Anik Bhaduri, Research Fellow- Resource EconomDr. Anjal Prakash, Programme Officer, WaterAid Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs SpFred Roche, Director- Agriculture, Environment & N

Jayesh Bhatia, Country Representative, NR International

K. Arora, Resident Representative, Government of Assam K. Yokoyama, Senior Water Resources Specialist, ADB M. Gopalakrishnan, Secretary General, International ComDrainageMihir Maitra, Senior Project Manager, ICEFNarhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRP. Rajasekhar, Senior Regional Specialist, JBICPratima Dayal, Principal Economist, ADB INRM R. S. Pathak, Senior Water Resources Specialist, Wor


Rahul Agarwal, Manager (Projects), NR Management Consultants India Ltd. U

ment & Governance), SIDA

ialist, ADB

tory Irrigation Management

a (April 19 2007; 1000-1300 hours)

Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARRamesh Mukalla, Programme Manager (EnvironSanath Ranawana, ADB Sonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development SpecSrinvasan Iyer, Livelihood Advisor, DFID

ist, ADB INRM Sujatha Viswanathan, Social EconomVidhisha S., NRM Specialist, ADB

ticipaY.D. Sharma, Secretary, Indian Network on Par

St te-level Consultation: Jaipur, Rajasthan

A. K. Gupta, Project Officer, RUIDP B. K. Gupta, Team Leader- Project Management Consultants, RUIDP Bruno Carrasco, ADB C. L. Sain, Mahila Mandal, Barmer Dr. D. B. Acharya, Consultant- Waste Management, RUIDP D. K. Jain, Superintending Engineer, RUIDP Dinesh Jawalia, Financial Advisor, RUIDP G. L. Agarwal, Deputy Project Director, RUIDP Hemant Nishal, Team Leader-CAPP, RUIDP Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, Economist, ADB INRM J. P. Lokwani, RUIDP Karni Singh Rathore, Project Director, RUIDP

elopment Studies, Jaipur

T.R. Sharma, RUIDP

Dr. M.S. Rathore, Professor, Institute of DevMadan Kumar, Chief Engineer, RUIDP Mali Ram, Additional Project Director, RUIDP Manish Dubey, Director, TARU N. Haq, Superintending Engineer, RUIDPNarhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Neeraj Saxena, CAPP-IIRM R. S. Goyal, Institute of Health Management Research Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARU Rijit Sengupta, CUTS Institute S. K. Soni, Superintending Engineer- Bisalpur Satish Kumar, State Representative, UNICEF- RajasthanShamit Chakravarti, Programs Officer, ADB INRM S. Kedkar, Office Manager, RUIDP Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM Syhia Cangan, SIIRM Dr. Surjit Singh, Professor, Institute of Development Studies,

V.D. Meena, PHED


State-level Consultation: Bangalore, Karnataka (April 23 2007; 0930-1230 hours)* List of Invitees

A. K. Agarwal, Chairperson, KUIDFC A. P. Joshi, Vice Chairperson & Managing Director, Karnataka State Road Transport

rdorest, GoK

irs), KUIDFC on, GoK IDFC

KUIDFC

& Tourism,

Director, KUIDFC ), KUIDFC

Mahanagara Palike IDFC

stee, CIVIC

Lakshmi Venkatachalam, Principal Secretary- Urban Development, GoK M. K. Shankarelinge Gowda, Commissioner, Bangalore Development Authority

ger (PPD), KUIDFC

tary, GoK

Director, Karnataka Urban Water Supply &

Management, Bangalore ataka Chamber of Commerce & Industries

anaagraha

get and Resources, GoK

Krs Center

rnment Foundation ent, GoK

CorporationDr. A. Raveendra, Deputy Chairperson, State Planning BoaAbhijit Das Gupta, Principal Secretary- Environment & FAnita Reddy, Managing Trustee, AVAS Arif Ulla Shariff, General Manager (Administration), KUIDFC Ashok D. Jain, General Manager (Urban AffaB. P. Kaniram, Director- Municipal AdministratiB.V. Chandrashekar, Advisor (Engineering), KUC. S. Pratinidhi, Deputy General Manager (UWS),Dr. Devi Shetty, Chairperson, Narayana HrudayalayaDr. Gopal K. Kadekodi, Director, Institute of Social and Economic Change I. M. Vittala Murthy, Principal Secretary- Kannada, Culture, Information GoKJ.V. Nandan Kumar, Deputy General Manager (Accounts), KUIDFC Jawaid Akhtar, ManagingJoseph S. Mariraj, Assistant General Manager (AdministrationK. Jairaj, Commissioner, Bruhat BangaloreK. M. Ramesh, Deputy General Manager (Finance), KUKathyayini Chamaraj, Executive TruKaushik Mukherjee, Principal Secretary- Higher Education, GoK

M. Lakshminarayana, Housing Commissioner, Karnataka Housing BoardN. C. Muniyappa, Chairperson, Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board N. R. N. Simha, Deputy General ManaN. Raguraj, Confederation of Indian Industry Namita Chandy, Secretary, Citizen Action Forum Neerja Rajkumar, Additional Chief SecreP. Bathanlal, Advisor (MRC), KUIDFCP. B. Mahishi, Chief Secretary, GoK P. B. Ramamurthy, Chairperson & Managing Drainage Board Dr. Prakash G. Apte, Director, Indian Institute of R. C. Purohit, Chairperson, Federation of KarnRakesh Sharma, Member, Citizen Action Forum Ramesh Ramanathan, JRohini Nilekani, Chaiperson, ARGHYAM Dr. Ruth Manorama, Director, MYRADA S. Subramanya, Principal Secretary- BudS. Vishwanath, Rainwater Club

y- Revenue, GoS. M. Jaamdar, Principal SecretarDr. Samuel Paul, Chairperson, Public AffaiSridhar, Akshara Foundation

ng Trustee, e-GoveSrikanth Nadhamuni, ManagiSubhash Chandra, Secretary- Urban Developm


Sudhir Krishna, Principal Secretary- Public Works, GoKHYAM

ondary Education,GoK litan Transport Corporation

UIDFCopment, GoK

(April 24 2007; 1000-1300 hours)

Sunita Nadhamuni, Chief Executive Officer, ARGSuresh Heblikar, Eco-Watch T. M. Vijay Bhaskar, Secretary- Primary & SecUpendra Tripathy, Managing Director, Bangalore MetropoUsha Ganesh, Principal Secretary- Health, GoK

or (Finance), KV. Chandra Mohan, Executive DirectV. P. Baligar, Principal Secretary- Infrastructure Devel

tor (MRC), KUIDFC Ziya Ullah, Joint Direc

State-level Consultation: Mangalore, Karnataka

A. G. Pai, Chief Operating Officer, MSEZL A.S. Rau, Chief Officer, Puttur A. S. Shetty, Member, NGO Task Force Amber Khan, Junior Engineer, CMC, SIRS Arif Ulla Shariff, General Manager (Administration), KUIDFC Arti Anvkar, Junior Engineer, T. P. Ankola B. G. Dayananda Murthy, Superintending Engineer, KUIDFC C. A. Prabhakara N. Nayak Gujjadi, Ex-Municipal President, CMC Udupi D. B. Mehta, President, Kanara Builders AssociationE. Satish Rao Iddya, Chairperson- IEI, Managalore Chapter F.S.A. Paavamani, Engineering Consultant G. R. Lobo, DPD, KUIDFC, Managlore Girisha K., Assistant Engineer, MI Department, Mangalore Gobuldar Nayak, Commissioner, CMC Udupi H. Jayaram Shetty, Fellow, Institute of Environment & Personal Capacity H. Kamalakar Halambi, Advisor, KUIDFC I. S. Karanth, Editor KV, KUIDFC Irine Rebello, Public Relation Officer, KUIDFC J. A. Saleem, Deputy Mayor, Mangalore J. S. Nayak, Scientific Officer, KSPCB Jayanna H, Manager, KUIDFC John Prasad Teezes, President, Kanara Chamber of Commerce & Industry Kateel Dineshi Pai, Joint Secretary, NGO Task Force Krishnamurthy Reddy, Junior Engineer, TMC Uttal Captain M. H. N. Swamy, AEE, CMV Upvan M. V. Prasad, Assistant Engineer, MI Department, Mangalore M. Mahendra Kumar, Project Director, KUIDFC, Mangalore M. Maheshwar Rao, Deputy Commissioner, Mangalore M. Raghavan, President, NGO Task Force N. Shivashankar, Chief Officer, TMC KunderpuraNarhari Rao, Principal Economist, ADB INRM Raghavendra B. S., Environmental Engineer, TMC Kunderpura Raghavendra M., Personal Assistant to DPD, KUIDFC Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARU Ramesh Kumar, Environmental Officer, KSPCB S. Siddaramaiah, Commissioner, Karwar Sadanand R. Selatal, Junior Engineer, TMC, Bhattcal


Shiwasshankar K. G., Environmental Engineer, CMC Dandeli

Sujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRM

2007; 0930-1230 hours)

Sudarshan Nayak, Team Leader, PMC

T. Samhoya Smith, President, KECL Usha Tankha, External Relation Officer, ADB V. Hanumanulu, Team Leader, Mott MacDonald Vijaya Arun, Mayor, Mangalore Vineetha K., Professor & President, Rushni Nilaya

y 23National Thematic Consultation: Mainstreaming Gender (Ma

Alka Narang, Head- HIV & Development, UNDP Bhisma Rout, Assistant Operations and Country Programs SpeFrederiha Meyer, Health & Gender Advisor, European Comm

cialist, ADB INRM ission

athai Ramisetty, Gender Specialist, UNDP

UM

nsultantM

G. B. Panda, Advisor, Planning Commission Laurent E. Danois, Health & Gender Advisor, European Commission Mamta Kohli, Social Development Advisor, USAID MangNandini Azad, Gender Consultant, ICPRD Rajesh Ramakrishnan, Senior Consultant, TARRamesh Swarankar, Resettlement & Social Development Officer, ADB INRRatna M. Sudarshan, Director, Institute of Social Studies Trust Soma Dutta, Asia Regional Network Coordinator, Freelance CoSujatha Viswanathan, Social Economist, ADB INRSwapna Mukhopadhyay, Visiting Fellow, NIPFP Tara Appachu Sharma, Director, India Programme, IFES Tetsuo Ito, Senior Economist, ADB INRM Usha Tankha, External Relations Officer, ADB Varun Singh, Social Development Consultant, ADB INRM


Documents

India Country Partnership Strategy (2007- 2012) - Summary of ... · Groups, on varied themes and at different locations, including select States.) The themes/ Sectors for the Consultations