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The nature of light Reflection Refraction
Index of refraction
Huygens’ Principle Dispersion and Prisms Total Internal Reflection
Light as Particles Tactile Theory (Ancient Greeks)
Emission Theory (al-Haitham)
Newton Light as Waves (w, k)
Huygens
Maxwell Quantum Theory (E = hf)
Photons
srev /5.27w
360teethN
md 7500
st 51005.55.27
7201 w
sm
s
m
t
dc /1097.2
1005.5
750022 8
5
Specular Reflection Diffuse Reflection
11
constantsin
sin
1
2
1
2 v
v
Suppose the sprinters wish to get from point Q on the
beach to point P on the parking lot as quickly as possible.
Which path takes the least time?
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. e
6. All paths take the same
amount of time.
v
cn
mediumin light of Speed
in vacuumlight of Speed
Going from one medium to another, the frequency of light does
not change but its wavelength does.
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
n
n
nc
nc
v
v
If one of the medium’s is vacuum (n=1),
n
n
2211 sinsin nn Snell’s Law of Refraction
h
1
2
12 sinsin
n
n
2
1
23 sinsin
n
n
11
2
1
1
23 sinsinsin
n
n
n
n
h
2cos
hx
sinxd
21
21
2
sincos
h
d
d x
2
1
AC
CA1sin
AC
AD
1sin
ADCA
11
AC
tv 1
1sinAC
tv 2
2sin
2
1
2
1
2
1
sin
sin
nc
nc
v
v
2211 sinsin nn
nn
: angle of deviation
22
dmin
22
min21
d
21 sinsin n
2sin
2sin min n
d
2sin
2sin min
d
n
d
1
4
d 41
2
3
3241
3421
d
d
32
90sinsin 21 nn c
1
2sinn
nc Only for n1 > n2
Critical Angle, c
8.48
752.033.1
1sin
1
2
c
cn
n
For < c: The fish sees above
the water
For = c : The fish sees the
shoreline
For > c : The fish sees the
pond bottom
Retroreflector Periscope Fiber Optic Cable
Reading Assignment
Chapter 36: Image Formation
WebAssign: Assignment 13