Upload
ngoxuyen
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
237© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 M. Langan, Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of ‘Development’ in Africa, Contemporary African Political Economy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58571-0
Index
AAbidjan, 158Academic, 3, 4, 19, 22, 27, 37, 54–56,
92, 95, 98, 153, 224, 225, 231, 232
Accra, 52, 70, 71, 73, 221ActionAid, 47–49, 67, 69, 120Administration, 19, 25, 42, 46, 72–74,
84, 97, 154, 157, 178, 225Africa, 1, 2, 6–8, 10–14, 18–21, 26,
29, 35–40, 43–49, 53–57, 61–68, 72, 75–77, 79–84, 89–94, 100–114, 119–121, 123, 127–129, 131–138, 141, 142, 149–155, 158, 159, 161–165, 167, 169, 171–173, 177, 178, 182, 183, 187–189, 191–198, 200, 201, 208, 210, 213–222, 224–232
Africa-EU, 3, 119, 121, 138, 142, 163, 164
Africa Investment Facility (AIF), 76, 194, 195
Africa Must Unite, 4, 28, 36, 207, 210, 217, 222, 231
African, 1–12, 15–29, 33–57, 62–67, 71, 74, 80–84, 89–114, 119–142,
149–172, 177–184, 187–189, 191–202, 207–233
African Centre for Energy Policy (ACEP), 45
African citizenries, 9, 34, 48, 54, 62, 100, 161, 166, 170, 207
African Oil Policy Initiative Group (AOPIG), 43–44, 46
African socialism, 8African studies, 17, 22, 37African Union, 63, 167, 168, 200,
207, 208, 221–224, 231, 232Agency, 2–4, 6, 7, 20, 21, 25, 27,
69, 97, 104, 111, 113, 114, 136, 142, 153, 159, 160, 169, 171, 184, 200, 202, 207–209, 211–213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 223, 224, 226, 233
Agri-business, 65, 67, 77, 79, 80–82, 184, 194, 199, 225, 226, 229, 230
Agricultural, 13, 16, 36, 47–49, 54, 66, 67, 72, 78, 99, 120, 126, 129, 142, 183, 196, 221
Agricultural corridors, 48, 49, 66, 67
238 IndEx
Agriculture, 11, 34, 39, 47–49, 51, 55, 76, 78, 123, 130, 131
Aid for Trade, 39, 63, 120, 125, 128, 134–142, 214, 226–228
Alliance, 11, 34, 48, 51, 55, 65, 66, 73, 98, 214
Al Shabab, 108Alssane Ouattara, 158Altruism, 2, 102, 103, 107Altruistic, 5, 48, 61, 224Amadou Toumani Touré, 157America, 6, 13, 14, 104Andre Gunder Frank, 13Angola, 90, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101,
103, 149, 151Ankara, 65, 109, 112Apparel, 132Arms, 105, 109, 110, 112, 143Aselsan, 109Associated African States and
Madagascar (AASM), 29, 122Association, 10, 11, 12, 29, 119–124,
132, 136, 139, 191, 208, 214, 217, 220
Asymmetries, 10, 107, 142, 200Austerity, 8, 9, 123, 125, 158, 210,
211, 213, 219, 226, 233Autarky, 7, 13Authoritarian, 28, 29, 100, 109, 161,
167, 216, 217Autonomous, 13, 70Autonomy, 8, 11, 63, 81, 91, 170,
209, 212
BBackward linkages, 13Balkanised, 7Bamako, 156, 157, 160, 168, 170Bandung Spirit, 93, 114Banking, 5, 15, 26Bashar al-Assad, 102, 110
Basic services, 28, 211, 212Bayart, 3, 17, 18, 20, 21, 109, 160Beef, 129, 131Beijing, 65, 91, 92, 95, 98–101, 226Benin, 49, 51, 137Big business, 49Big Men, 17–19, 21, 27, 65, 101,
113, 231Bill (E&P), 45, 53, 68BiWater, 69, 71Blending, 61, 62, 65, 76, 80–82, 84,
178, 191, 192, 195, 201, 225, 226
Bogeymen, 19, 21Boko Haram, 110Boundaries, 23, 179Bourgeoisie, 13, 14Bribery, 41, 52, 54, 225BRICS, 89Britain, 33, 153, 220Brussels, 22, 24, 65, 169Budget, 9Budget support, 4, 15, 25, 61, 62,
65, 71–75, 81–83, 111, 112, 125–127, 140, 143, 157, 158, 185, 198, 211, 218, 225, 226, 231
Bureaucratic, 18, 29Burkina Faso, 49
CCairo, 12Cameroon, 109, 129Canada, Russia, 48Capacity, 15, 23, 25, 73, 99, 113,
123, 126, 127, 134, 135, 136, 154, 163, 186, 192, 213, 214, 219
Capital, 5, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 26, 35, 36, 64, 69, 70, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 106, 113, 132, 156, 158,
IndEx 239
172, 191, 217, 218, 219, 222, 226, 231
Capitalism, 7, 29, 36, 93, 181Cardoso, 14Caricatures, 19, 21, 161Carpet manufacturing, 120, 132Casablanca Group, 29, 220, 221Cashew, 74, 75, 84CdC, 61, 76, 77–80Cement, 17, 42, 63, 65, 132, 140,
142, 181, 197, 198, 223, 226, 228
Central African Republic, 94, 182Centralised government, 29, 150, 226Centre for Technical Support to
Agriculture (CTA), 123, 133Centre for the development of
Enterprise, 67, 136Centre for the development of
Industry (CdI), 123Chad, 110, 159, 160Chambishi mine, 95Charles de Gaulle’s, 154Chiefs, 52, 54, 78China, 39, 43–45, 53, 54, 56, 57, 79,
84, 89, 90–95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 109, 112, 113, 159, 226, 230
China nonferrous Mining Co. Group (CnMC), 95
China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, 44
China Sonangol International, 98China Threat, 91, 92, 94, 100, 101Chinese development Bank
Corporation, 44Chinese Investment Fund, 97, 98,
113, 226Citizenry, 4, 5, 37, 44, 95, 96, 100,
166, 172, 211, 219, 225, 229City Water, 69Civilizational, 9, 102
Civil servants, 5, 19, 55, 166, 172, 228
Civil society, 20, 41, 47, 53, 55, 70, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 83, 95, 103, 110, 120, 124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 135, 140, 164–168, 170, 172, 178, 179, 183, 188, 194, 196, 199, 201, 208, 213, 214, 219, 222, 227, 230, 233
Civil strife, 39, 150, 151, 172Civil war, 99, 102, 110, 149, 158Client-patron, 17, 20Climate change, 24, 41, 50, 76, 198Cocoa, 12, 13, 120–122, 135, 141Coercion, 8, 172Cold War, 4, 55, 89, 91, 92, 124, 151,
168, 172, 218Collaborate, 8Collaborationist, 9Colonialism, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16,
17, 21, 35, 102, 111Colony, 3Commercial interests, 48, 63, 68, 137,
140, 142, 149, 161, 194, 201Commodity, 6, 11, 17, 73, 93, 122,
138, 156, 179Commodity prices, 93, 122Common Agricultural Policy (CAP),
120, 126Common Security and defence Policy
(CSdP), 155Common sense, 55, 83, 103, 198Commonwealth development
Corporation, 61Communist, 11, 91, 92, 98Comoros, 192, 193Company, 35, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49,
50, 68, 69, 78, 79, 108, 187, 201, 225
Comparative advantage, 11, 134, 141Competitive tendering, 45Competitors, 12, 134
240 IndEx
Comprador class, 13, 21, 26, 63, 160Compromises, 9Conditionality, 22, 67, 71, 73, 84, 170Confectionary, 132Conflict, 20, 50, 110, 149Congo-Brazzaville, 192Congo Crisis, 8, 89, 233Consciousness, 1, 12Constituencies, 20Constructivist, 2, 28, 82, 83, 107,
199, 230Consumer, 69, 71, 99, 119, 122, 124,
125, 128, 137, 140, 143, 178, 182, 188, 193
Continent, 7, 17, 18, 19, 36, 152, 162
Control, 24, 61, 158, 164, 166, 168, 177, 180, 184, 187, 197, 200
Cooperative Framework Agreements (CFAs), 49, 50, 54, 225
Co-optive, 5Copper, 76, 77, 91, 93, 95, 101Corporate Village Enterprises
(COVEs), 185, 229Corrupt, 6, 17, 20, 41, 46, 52, 97,
216, 231Cotonou Partnership Agreement, 121,
124, 228Cotton-textiles, 120, 217Counter Balance, 76, 111, 226Coup d’etat, 28, 217Criminality, 42Crisis, 8, 47, 85, 89, 123, 131, 157,
162, 172, 179, 218, 233Critical, 22, 23, 37, 46, 54, 62, 151,
210, 213, 227Critics, 10, 160, 181Culture, 3, 9, 11, 47, 49, 102, 123
Ddambisa Moyo, 34, 38, 62, 64dar es Salaam, 69
david Cameron, 50, 54debt crisis, 123, 217de facto, 23, 26, 30, 45, 63, 71, 74,
98, 101, 136, 150, 165, 193, 210, 217, 220
de jure, 10, 17, 23, 26, 30, 110, 149, 202
de jure independence, 10, 17, 149, 202democratic Republic of the Congo
(dRC), 20, 25, 37, 39, 77–79, 84, 94, 109, 111, 151, 155, 183
department for International development (dFId), 45–47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 62, 65–70, 78, 79, 178, 225
dependency school, 2, 14–16, 26, 122, 123
dependent, 9, 14, 37, 74, 94, 120, 141, 142, 210, 218, 222
dependent development, 14developing states, 7, 13, 16, 28, 29,
35, 37, 57, 63, 73, 75, 84, 85, 93, 104, 185, 186, 188, 198, 200, 208, 211, 212, 216–219, 222, 224, 226, 231–233
development, 1–4, 6–8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17–25, 27–29, 33–41, 44–48, 50–57, 61, 62, 65–68, 70–73, 75–80, 82–84, 90–92, 94, 98–102, 104, 107–109, 111–114, 120–124, 126–128, 131, 133, 134, 136–141, 149, 150, 152, 153, 157, 160–165, 169–171, 173, 177–183, 186, 189–192, 194–202, 207, 208, 213–216, 219, 221, 222, 224–232
developmental state, 7, 16, 28, 29, 57, 63, 73, 75, 84, 85, 185, 186, 188, 198, 208, 211, 216–218, 222, 226, 231, 232
development Finance Institutions (dFIs), 61, 62, 64, 65, 76–78, 80–84, 178, 191, 226
IndEx 241
development studies, 1, 15, 231diageo, 47, 48, 50, 52discourse, 2, 4, 19, 20, 22, 28,
33, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 72, 73, 78–80, 90–92, 94, 97, 100–102, 104–107, 110, 111, 127–129, 137, 138, 141, 152, 153, 155, 160, 161, 163, 164, 169–173, 177, 181, 182, 188–192, 195–199, 201, 202, 215–217, 222, 226–230, 232
discursive, 1, 18, 48, 62, 112, 179, 180, 188, 195, 197
divide and rule, 7, 124, 157, 222division, 29, 98, 149domination, 12, 197donor/corporate power, 2dos Santos, 13, 21, 97, 98, 100, 113,
160, 227
EE.O Group, 42, 43, 46, 53, 202, 225East Africa, 192East African, 106East Asia, 3, 73, 216, 233East Asian Tigers, 14Economic Community of West African
States (ECOWAS), 29, 114, 124, 133, 166–168, 207, 220, 222
Economic determinism, 2, 15, 26Economic nationalism, 29, 220, 222Economic penetration, 5, 11Economic reductionism, 14Economies of scale, 7, 35, 219, 220,
231Education, 6, 125, 130, 139, 194,
197, 210Edward Said, 111Egypt, 12, 102, 220Elite, 3–11, 15–21, 24, 26–29, 33,
35–37, 43, 45, 46, 53, 54, 56,
62–64, 75, 80, 81, 94, 96–102, 104, 106–114, 119, 135, 139, 141, 142, 150, 151, 153–155, 159–161, 167, 168, 171–173, 185, 209–213, 216, 218, 219, 222, 226, 227, 229, 231–233
Emancipation, 1, 3, 4, 24, 34, 56, 202, 221, 223, 224, 231, 232
Embassies, 92, 105, 106Empire, 1, 3–5, 12, 16, 25, 56, 62,
89, 102, 104, 106, 153, 160, 169, 172
Empirical sovereignty, 5, 7, 11, 23, 24, 28, 43, 55, 57, 94, 172, 199, 211–213, 218, 224, 228, 230, 231, 232
Employment, 37, 67, 79, 138, 181, 187, 214
Enabling environment, 99, 178, 180, 181, 192–194, 199–201, 229
Energy, 40, 42, 45, 50, 53, 76, 78, 90, 95, 99, 108–110, 112, 113, 119, 149, 150, 152, 156–159, 192, 193, 195, 226
Enterprises, 6, 11, 43, 56, 66, 68, 76, 77, 79, 80, 84, 97, 123, 127, 185, 194, 201, 226
Entrepreneurs, 16, 17, 64, 68, 76, 103, 109, 142, 194, 213
Environmental, 38, 46, 55, 62, 76, 77, 81, 84, 90, 92, 94, 99, 108, 111, 127, 131, 133, 137, 178, 180, 181, 183, 184, 187–189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 199, 200, 201, 213, 229, 233
EPA development Programme (EPAdP), 120, 125, 134, 135, 137–139, 141, 142
Equal, 7, 47, 103Eritrea, 94, 167Essentialist, 3, 21, 65, 113, 161Ethics, 41, 165
242 IndEx
Ethiopia, 49, 51, 75, 165, 218, 232, 233Ethnic, 17, 150, 217, 220EU accession, 84, 101, 104, 111EU Africa Emergency Trust Fund, 165EU–Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund
(EU-AITF), 178, 189, 191–195, 201
EU Commissioners, 24Eurafrica, 154, 171, 220Eurodad, 80, 192, 195, 196, 226European, 4, 5, 9–12, 20, 25, 49,
61, 66, 67, 71, 76, 77, 80, 89, 92, 95, 103, 104, 111, 112, 119–129, 131–134, 136–143, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 159, 161–172, 177, 178, 186, 189–195, 197, 198, 201, 214, 215, 220–230, 232, 233
European Council, 120, 123, 125, 159, 162, 168, 190, 194
European development Fund, 67, 121–123, 125, 126, 134, 136, 165, 194
European Economic Community’s (EEC), 10–12, 16, 29, 119, 121, 122, 154, 191, 218, 220, 222
European Investment Bank (EIB), 4, 61, 76, 77, 111, 192
European Parliament, 49, 67, 76, 77, 162–165, 194, 226
European Security and defence Policy (ESdP), 155, 156
Exchange, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 26, 79, 90, 99, 168, 187, 218, 221
Export Credit Guarantee department (ECGd), 69
Exports, 23, 28, 79, 82, 93, 94, 114, 120, 129, 140, 157, 192
External, 1–4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16–27, 35, 37, 38, 45, 48, 50, 53–55, 61, 63, 70, 89, 96–98, 100, 101, 109, 111–114, 143,
150, 151, 159, 160, 167, 169, 170, 172, 186, 192, 197, 200, 207–210, 219, 222, 230, 231
External control, 4, 12External elements, 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 17,
24, 25, 27, 89, 101, 112, 113, 151, 209, 210, 222
External influence, 2, 4, 9, 17, 61, 89, 97, 113, 207
External relations, 4, 21, 55Extractive, 37–39, 41, 47, 76, 82, 99,
111, 192, 194, 195, 199, 226Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative (EITI), 37–39, 55, 215, 223
Extraversion, 3, 17, 20, 21, 27, 64, 108, 113, 153, 160, 161, 171, 172, 200, 209, 212, 229, 232
ExxonMobil, 43–45, 211
FFactories, 6, 137, 138, 199Fanon, 2, 4, 7–10, 26, 125, 160, 199,
210, 212, 219, 224Federal, 7, 29, 212, 220, 221, 223,
224Feronia, 77–79, 84Fertiliser, 49, 75, 184Finance, 15, 26, 61, 71, 74, 80, 135,
153, 191Financial, 6, 13, 16, 70, 75, 79, 85,
93, 94, 126, 132, 167, 179, 186, 197, 212, 218, 222, 233
Fisheries, 137–140, 142Flag-independence, 23, 28Food, 34, 36, 47, 48, 51, 52, 65–68,
77, 78, 81, 94, 126, 128, 130, 131, 138–140, 182, 183, 225
Food security, 34, 47, 48, 51, 65, 67, 68, 77, 78, 81, 126, 131, 138–140, 183, 225
IndEx 243
Foreign actors, 2, 23, 26, 27, 37, 53, 100, 113, 142, 161, 201
Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), 68
Foreign direct investment (FdI), 13, 15, 33–39, 41, 48, 50, 57, 80–82, 93, 99, 107, 108, 123, 139, 158, 180, 181, 195, 219, 231
Foreign investment, 34, 38, 39, 199, 219
Forestry, 49Forum on Chinese and African
Cooperation (FOCAC), 92, 93Fragile states, 90, 151, 212Francafrique, 154, 159, 171Francois Hollande, 154–156, 160,
169, 171, 228Fraud, 30, 41, 157Freedoms, 4Free markets, 18, 22, 39, 66, 73–75,
82, 123, 124, 132, 134, 140, 141, 143, 180, 181, 186, 188, 194, 195, 198, 201, 211, 213, 219, 222, 224, 225, 227
Free trade agreements (FTAs), 3, 17, 23, 109, 120, 198, 214, 227
Freedoms, 4Free trade arrangements, 4, 23, 122Friends of the Earth International,
187, 188Funding, 25, 66, 72, 74, 79, 80, 82,
98, 136, 137, 139, 191, 193, 201, 214
GG8, 48, 54Gabon, 98Generalised System of Preferences
(GSP), 120, 128, 140, 141Geographical, 24Geopolitical, 44, 91, 108, 151, 155,
161, 172
George W. Bush, 152Ghana, 3, 16, 34, 40–46, 49, 52,
53, 56, 57, 69–74, 82, 83, 99, 103, 107, 111, 119, 120, 125, 126, 128, 130–132, 135, 142, 178, 183, 185–187, 197, 198, 209–212, 217–220, 222–225, 227, 229, 231, 233
Ghanaian independence, 1Ghanaian national Petroleum
Company (GnPC), 42, 43Ghana Institute of Governance and
Security (GIGS), 41Ghana Oil and Gas for Inclusive Gas
(GOGIG), 45Ghana Petroleum Commission (GPC),
45Glencore, 77Global economy, 7, 14, 99, 227Globalised economy, 3, 27Gold, 35, 44, 99Good governance, 64, 170, 172Governance, 4, 16, 18, 19, 21–23, 25,
27, 37, 39, 41, 45, 52, 55, 64, 71, 73, 74, 83, 89, 97, 101, 113, 126, 143, 153, 155, 161, 163, 170, 172, 182, 197, 199, 227, 231
Governance state, 21–23, 27Government, 5, 14, 19, 22, 25–30,
33, 34, 36–38, 40–50, 52–56, 61–75, 79–82, 89, 91, 94, 96, 98–113, 119, 120, 123, 125–128, 130, 133–135, 140, 142, 150–153, 157, 160–162, 164–170, 173, 178–180, 182, 185–188, 191, 196, 200, 202, 209–211, 213–221, 223–228, 231, 233
Government revenues, 6, 38, 67, 75, 125, 130, 135
Gradualist, 29, 207, 220Great Lakes, 156
244 IndEx
Growth, 14, 15, 36, 41, 48, 62, 66–68, 77–80, 82, 93, 109, 123, 127, 133, 134, 137, 138, 141, 152, 177–179, 181, 183, 184, 187–189, 191, 192, 195, 198, 200–202, 213, 217, 218, 229
Gruffydd-Jones, 27, 209, 210Guinea, 10, 98, 149, 152, 220Gulf of Guinea, 149, 152
HHealth care, 194Hegemony, 13, 14, 21, 23, 105, 113,
159, 214Highly Indebted Poor Country
(HIPC), 70History, 1, 3, 102, 105, 121, 180, 217Homophobia. See Kaoma 2012Horn of Africa, 101, 106, 167Humanitarian, 61, 80, 90, 95, 103,
105–107, 109–111, 126, 134, 153, 156, 163–165, 177, 179, 200
Humanity, 9, 105, 184Human rights, 20, 24, 64, 91, 95,
97, 98, 100, 103, 110, 126, 130, 155, 160, 163, 164, 167–171, 187, 225, 228
Hunger, 6, 8, 51, 110, 138, 183, 211Hutu, 155, 161Hutu genocidaires, 161Hybrid Model Concession, 41
IIdeas, 2, 14, 197, 201Ideational aspects, 2, 9, 199Ideological, 11, 25, 28, 75, 93, 110,
149, 151, 195Idriss deby, 159Ill-being, 2, 9, 25, 26, 62, 83, 101,
170, 196, 220
Images, 9, 19, 27Imperialism, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 21, 28,
29, 35, 102, 103, 114, 154, 168, 201, 222, 231
Imperialism by invitation, 21Imperialist, 5, 103Import, 12, 13, 84, 93, 120, 121,
123, 125, 126, 128–131, 134, 139, 141, 142, 185–187, 192, 214, 221, 230
Import-competing, 84, 121, 125, 128, 129, 134, 142
Import substitution industrialisation(ISI), 13
Imposition, 5, 7, 22, 139, 188Independent Commission for Aid
Impact, 66India, 53, 79, 89Indigenous needs, 24Industrialisation, 2, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14,
28, 35, 63, 90, 91, 132, 199, 216, 217, 219, 220
Inequalities, 13–15, 53, 54, 65, 188, 196, 199
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), 76, 193
Infrastructure, 49, 63, 70, 90, 97, 99, 113, 122, 178, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 201, 229
Institutions, 15, 17, 23, 25, 57, 69, 72, 74, 100, 101, 105, 109, 163, 170, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202, 212, 218, 222, 226
Integration, 7, 10, 36, 127, 133, 167, 169, 195
Intellectual, 2, 3, 7, 14, 20, 29, 49, 217, 221, 224, 232
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), 49Intelligence, 98, 159Interdependence, 24, 154Interference, 8, 85, 151, 200Internal affairs, 2, 159Internal–external relationship, 21
IndEx 245
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 70, 130
International opinion, 24International Relations(IR), 1, 231International Technical Policy
Cooperation department, 166International trade, 7Interventions, 2, 4, 11, 15, 17, 18,
21, 25, 28, 30, 34, 38, 55, 65, 71, 74, 76, 81, 82, 90–92, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 106, 107, 150–152, 154–156, 159–162, 166, 169–173, 177, 180, 196, 200–202, 207
Intrusion, 25, 74Investment, 4, 7, 12, 26, 34, 37–39,
47, 50, 61, 63, 67, 68, 74, 76–79, 84, 95, 97, 98, 101, 107, 113, 127, 166, 190, 191, 194, 195, 201, 218, 219, 226
Ireland, 73Irish Aid, 73, 79Iron, 93, 132Irregular migration, 162–164, 169,
171, 172, 228ISIS, 110Islamic world, 104Islamist insurgencies, 110, 156
JJacques Chirac, 154, 155, 158James Ibori, 79, 80Japan, 48, 216Jobs, 6, 13, 34, 40, 77, 96, 129, 130,
132–134, 138, 141, 194, 195, 198, 201, 227
John Atta Mills, 43Journals, 4, 20, 54, 64, 225Jubilee Fields, 40, 41Julius nyerere, 10, 91, 207, 220, 221Justice, 41, 79, 102, 124, 135, 183,
188, 199, 200, 208, 213, 214
Justice and development Party (AKP), 102, 104, 106, 107, 109–111
KKampala northern Bypass, 193Kerosene, 72, 82, 84, 226Knowledge, 20, 191Kosmos, 40, 42–45, 53, 211, 223,
225Kufuor, 40–42, 53, 72–74, 82, 84,
130, 178, 185–188, 196, 200, 202, 211, 218, 225, 226
Kurdish, 156Kwame nkrumah, 2, 3, 16, 210, 217,
221
LLabour, 6, 50, 55, 77, 78, 90, 96, 97,
100, 189, 214Labour rights, 55, 78, 90, 189Land, 29, 34, 35, 39, 46, 47, 49,
51–54, 67, 78, 79, 183, 184, 188, 189, 225
Land-grabs, 34, 39, 47, 51, 52, 54, 67, 187, 189
Language, 2, 18, 28, 33, 34, 38, 40, 47, 51, 53, 54, 82, 83, 90, 91, 101, 103, 106, 107, 112, 160, 163, 164, 171, 181, 196, 200, 201, 222, 226, 228, 230
Largesse, 46, 56, 61, 65, 66, 106, 107, 143, 226, 231
Latin America, 13, 14, 224Law courts, 97Leaders, 6–9, 11, 17, 20, 21, 27, 37,
43, 54, 65, 100, 106, 113, 157, 160, 163, 180, 183, 185, 210, 211, 213, 222
Legal, 4, 5, 18, 23, 26, 28, 30, 130, 166, 209–212, 228
Legislation, 45, 49, 187
246 IndEx
Legitimacy, 17, 155, 156, 199, 214, 216
Legitimation, 34, 113Legitimised, 2Leverage, 70, 71, 73, 80, 83, 95, 96,
112, 127, 139, 142, 153, 162, 163, 172, 190, 198, 209
Leveraging, 71, 114, 139, 209, 212Liberal, 34, 39, 64, 114, 152, 154,
165, 208, 213, 214, 226Liberalisation, 10, 39, 49, 72, 74, 75,
81, 84, 85, 120, 122–130, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 158, 180, 182, 188, 198, 199, 218, 223, 225, 227
Liberals (neo), 338Liberation, 7, 8, 10, 219, 232Liberty, 9, 211Literature, 3, 15, 17–22, 27, 37, 38,
64, 90, 92, 95, 101, 111, 113, 149, 150, 152, 161, 213, 215
Livelihoods, 48, 62, 72, 74, 131, 137, 141, 142, 170, 186, 188
Loans, 12, 56, 70, 76, 77, 81, 99, 129, 135, 136, 191
Lobbying, 35, 46, 68Lomé, 122–124, 133, 136, 190, 191,
223Lomé Conventions, 122–124, 133,
136, 190, 191, 223London, 22, 25, 52, 64, 68, 79, 101,
169Lukasa, 96, 101
MMachinery, 12, 94, 108, 210Madagascar, 29, 67, 122, 136Malawi, 49Mali, 110, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156–
160, 165, 166, 169–172, 228Manipulation, 8
Manufacturing, 36, 99, 120, 123, 125, 126, 131–133, 136, 139, 179, 215, 227
Mao Zedong, 91Marcus Garvey, 7Mare nostrum, 163Marxism, 4, 7, 55Material forces, 2Material interests, 4, 23Mauritania, 94, 168, 170, 228Media, 19, 91, 103Meles Zenawi, 75Mercantilism, 91Metropole, 8, 14, 21, 25, 27, 154,
226, 228Michael Sata, 95, 96, 100, 113, 226Middle Eastern, 53, 54, 56Migration, 138, 150, 151, 161–172,
183, 184, 198, 223, 228Migration partnership agreements,
150, 151, 161, 172Militarisation, 110Military, 12, 23, 44, 51, 109, 149,
154–156, 159, 160, 162, 169, 170, 172, 209, 220, 228
Millennium development Goals (MdGs), 177, 180
Mines Safety department (MSd), 97Mining, 4, 34, 35, 47, 49, 57, 76, 77,
80, 95–97, 100, 108, 113, 156, 218
Minister, 42, 45, 50, 53, 75, 79, 84, 90, 97, 101, 133, 152, 158, 166, 190, 228
Ministries, 18, 19, 23–25, 57, 100, 127, 140, 168, 170
Mobilisation, 12, 45, 51, 225Mobutu, 151Modernisation, 38Monocropping, 183, 184Monopolies, 10, 11, 36Monrovia Group, 29, 220
IndEx 247
Monsanto, 47–49, 52, 66Moral, 2, 48, 82, 84, 103, 152, 160,
188, 190, 197, 198Moralised, 34, 189, 196, 200Moscow, 149Mozambique, 49, 74, 75, 82, 84, 111Multi-donor Budget Support
(MdBS), 73Multi-Facility Economic Zone, 95Multilateral development banks
(MdBs), 191Multi-national, 10Murder, 8, 9, 233Muslim, 104, 105, 158
Nnairobi, 80, 106, 126narratives, 9, 55, 81, 83, 92, 102,
106, 111, 171, 189, 196, 198, 199, 202
national Association of nigerian Traders (nAnTS), 120, 214
national Association of Professional Environmentalists (nAPE), 187
nationalists, 63nations, 10, 13, 14, 23, 29, 39, 48,
49, 52–54, 63, 68, 102, 110, 112, 114, 162, 168, 172, 191, 218, 222, 228, 232
nation-state, 22, 24, 25, 28, 100, 160, 170, 172, 209, 210, 212, 217, 219, 227
natural Resource Governance Institute (nRGI), 45
natural resources, 6, 41, 43, 45, 51, 54, 56, 57, 81, 211, 218
neo-colonialism, 1–12, 14–17, 21–29, 33–36, 39, 42, 45, 47, 50, 54–57, 61, 64, 65, 67, 67, 81, 83, 84, 89–91, 95, 100, 107, 112, 114, 119, 121, 140, 142, 149, 151, 154–156, 160, 167,
168, 171, 177, 182, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 207, 208, 210, 211, 219, 220
The Last Stage of Imperialism, 2, 4, 28, 168, 201, 207, 222, 231, 233
neo-Marxist, 2, 13neo-Ottoman, 84, 90, 102–106, 111,
112, 227neo-patrimonialism, 2, 3, 17–22, 27,
37, 39, 55, 62, 64, 74, 79, 80, 100, 101, 11, 113, 160, 161, 213, 227, 231
nepotistic, 21, 27networks, 8, 16, 17, 20, 27, 43, 64,
109, 135, 153, 160, 172, 195, 199, 225
new Alliance for Food Security and nutrition (nAFSn), 34, 65
new Economic Partnership for African development (nEPAd), 114, 222
new International Economic Order (nIEO), 122, 223
new scramble, 49, 54, 56nicolas Sarkozy, 155niger, 151–153, 155, 157, 165, 169normative, 61, 82, 90, 105, 155, 160,
189, 228north–South relations, 2, 3, 12, 20,
34, 41, 43, 56, 65, 72, 82, 177, 208
norwegian, 39, 223
OObama, 40OECd, 66, 68, 180, 181Officials, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 27,
28, 42, 43, 69, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108–112, 122, 126, 127, 134, 152, 153, 166, 168, 171
Oil, 34, 37–47, 51, 53, 55–57, 79, 80, 91, 97, 99, 100, 108, 113, 152,
248 IndEx
Patriotic Front (PF), 95Patrons, 6, 160Pay fish and go, 121, 137, 138Payments, 5, 38, 42, 44, 217Penetration, 5, 11, 26, 61People’s Republic of China’s (PRC),
91Performance Assessment Framework
(PAF), 73Periphery, 16Pessimism (Afro), 17Pessimistic, 19Peter Mandelson, 127, 141, 227, 230Petrodollar, 39Planning, 36, 74, 136, 155, 202, 216,
219Polemical, 4Policy, 3, 24, 43, 45, 120, 126, 155,
163, 166Policy autonomy, 11, 90, 172, 209Policymakers, 20Policy space, 83, 85, 89, 128, 131,
139, 161, 188, 212, 217, 224, 228, 229, 231, 232
Political control, 6, 10, 12, 63, 93Political kingdom, 15, 26Political party, 16Politicians, 6, 17, 28, 33, 34, 44, 55,
91, 96, 98, 101, 112, 157, 168, 172, 208, 231
Polities, 8, 10, 16, 18, 21, 22, 25, 110
Poorer nations, 14Popular and empirical sovereignty, 23Ports, 49, 64, 107, 192, 229Positive, 22, 34, 39, 40, 104, 107,
162, 163, 165, 181, 183, 188, 208, 227
Post-2015 agenda, 177–180, 182, 183, 187, 189, 198, 201
Post-Cold War, 4, 55, 149Post-conditionality, 67, 68, 72, 73
159, 178, 182–189, 196, 199–202, 211, 223–225, 229, 230
One China, 91Onions, 129Ontological, 9, 20, 24Operation Artemis, 155, 156Operation Serval, 156, 158, 165, 170Operation Turquoise, 155, 156Optimistic, 17, 218Organisation, 18, 45, 63, 66, 76, 167,
168, 208, 213Organisation for African Unity, 63Organization for Islamic Conference,
104Orientalism, 110Ottoman Empire, 102, 104, 106Overseas development Institute
(OdI), 73Oxfam, 52, 124Oxford, 9
PPalm oil, 51, 178, 182–188, 196, 199,
200, 201, 229Pan-African, 7, 12, 17, 40, 55, 168,
169, 200, 202, 207, 208, 212, 219, 221–223, 230, 232
Pan-Africanist, 1, 7Pan African network for the defense
of Migrants’ Rights (PAnidMR), 167
Paradigm, 19, 64, 101Parastatals, 123, 218Paris, 9, 25, 150, 159, 169Parity, 7Partnership, 48, 71, 72, 93, 106, 114,
121, 122, 124, 127, 130, 150, 151, 161–163, 165, 171, 172, 183, 195, 198, 213, 222, 228
Patrice Lumumba, 8, 233Patriotic, 17, 95
IndEx 249
Progress, 2, 13, 14, 19, 22, 34, 38, 41, 47, 63, 71, 105, 108, 133, 156, 170, 171, 177, 182, 189, 197, 200–202, 208, 212–215, 218
Project aid, 61, 62, 65–69, 71, 72, 81–84, 225
Pro-poor, 15, 34, 39, 48, 56, 62, 65–67, 76, 78, 82, 84, 89, 121, 124, 127, 134, 137, 138, 141, 169, 171, 188, 189, 192, 214, 215, 223
Prosperity, 13, 15, 37, 38, 78, 82, 84, 126, 170, 179, 189, 191, 192, 195, 201, 217, 220, 230
Protest, 53, 70, 96, 101, 107, 110, 123, 127, 129, 140, 142, 159
PSd, 18, 38, 66–68, 74, 80, 126, 178, 180, 181, 189, 194, 198–200, 225, 229
Psychological, 9Public-private partnerships, 48, 179,
182, 190, 198, 201Puntland province, 108, 111, 227
QQuicklime, 132
RRacialized, 9Railway, 49, 64, 75, 91, 192Raw materials, 6, 10, 12, 15, 28, 35,
36, 53, 54, 63, 81, 90–93, 95, 103, 111, 120, 123, 138, 140, 142, 154, 157, 192
Reform, 14, 37, 39, 49, 50, 66, 73, 75, 84, 95, 157, 158, 169, 172, 228
Refugee crisis, 162
Post-Washington Consensus, 38, 39, 49, 56, 66, 67, 72, 76, 82, 84, 177, 213, 218
Potatoes, 129Poverty, 2, 8, 15, 19, 24, 25, 29,
38, 41, 44, 46, 48, 51, 55, 61, 62, 65, 67, 80, 82–84, 90, 101, 111, 127, 132, 136, 141, 164, 165, 171, 177, 179–183, 189, 190, 196, 198–202, 212–214, 216, 219, 220, 222, 224, 225, 228–230
Poverty reduction, 29, 38, 61, 62, 65–67, 80, 82, 84, 90, 127, 136, 164, 165, 171, 177, 180, 181, 183, 189, 190, 198–201, 213, 216, 219, 222, 225, 228–230
Predatory, 19, 21, 34, 37, 64, 100, 101, 139, 161, 201
Preferences, 22–25, 57, 72, 75, 82, 84, 111, 120, 155, 214, 220, 228
Presidency, 10, 53, 97, 98, 100, 113, 152, 154, 156, 158
President Erdogan, 89, 90, 106Presidential, 24, 30, 69, 79, 95, 96,
220President Kagame, 20President Laurent Gbagbo, 158President Yoweri Museveni, 46President’s Special Initiatives (PSIs),
73Prime Minister davutoglu, 84, 90Prime Minister desalegn, 75Private equity schemes, 77Private property, 18, 49Private sector development (PSd), 18Private sector participation (PSP), 70Production Sharing Agreement (PSA),
41Productivity, 34, 36, 47, 125, 134,
135, 141, 142Profits, 5, 35, 44, 45, 52, 53, 70, 98
250 IndEx
Securitisation of development, 149, 150, 152, 153, 164, 169, 170, 172, 228, 230
Security, 3, 23, 34, 41, 44, 46–48, 51, 52, 62, 65, 67, 68, 77, 78, 81, 91, 98, 103, 108, 126, 131, 138–140, 143, 150, 152–157, 161, 162, 166, 183, 226, 229
Seed sovereignty, 49Sekou Touré, 10, 119, 189Self-confidence, 10Self-determination, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28,
167, 170–172Self-governing, 4, 22, 23Senegal, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Benin
and nigeria, 49Services sectors, 15Seychelles, 109Side-payment, 26, 44Sino-African, 90, 91, 93, 94, 99, 226Small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs), 68, 76Smallholders, 55, 183–187, 233Soap manufacturing, 126, 132Socialists, moreover, 26Society, 19, 20, 41, 45, 47, 53, 55, 70,
74, 76, 78–80, 83, 95, 103, 110, 120, 124, 126, 127, 130–133, 135, 140, 141, 158, 164–168, 170, 172, 178, 179, 183, 188, 194–196, 199–202, 208, 212, 213, 219, 222, 227, 230, 233
Somalia, 90, 101, 103, 105–111, 227Somali President, 106South Africa, 89, 92, 114, 222Southern African development
Community (SAdC), 124South-South, 90, 91, 114Sovereignty, 1, 5, 7, 9–11, 15, 19,
22–28, 30, 34, 46, 49, 51, 53, 57, 62, 63, 74, 83–85, 89, 90,
Regime, 8, 20, 55, 90, 91, 96, 98–102, 113, 155, 157–161, 210, 211, 227
Region, 13, 17, 44, 76, 89–91, 93, 96, 101–105, 108, 110–112, 125, 128, 132, 134, 137, 138, 142, 151, 154–56, 161, 165, 170, 172, 223
Regressive, 37, 45, 46, 53, 64, 72, 77, 81–83, 90, 99, 106, 111, 127, 138, 141, 164, 196, 200, 201, 212, 215, 225, 226, 232
Reliance, 13, 36, 40, 149, 152, 220Religious, 25, 197, 220Remunipalisation, 71Rents, 37Republic of China (ROC), 91Resistance, 8, 200Resource curse, 34, 37–39, 47, 101Roads, 49, 64, 178, 193, 194, 229Robert Mugabe, 4, 98, 233Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
(RSPO), 183Rural, 13, 48, 55, 194, 213Rwanda, 20, 161, 212, 218, 224,
233Rwandan genocide, 154, 156
SScarcity, 53, 54Scholarship program, 106School of thought, 20Second-hand clothing, 123Sectors, 14, 15, 18, 26, 34, 36,
38–41, 44, 48, 49, 53–56, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72–77, 79–82, 84, 95, 96, 99, 100, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128–132, 186, 191, 193, 199
IndEx 251
TTaboo, 55, 90, 91Taiwan, 91Tanzania, 10, 49, 68, 69, 71, 91, 98,
220Tariffs, 12, 69, 72, 73, 82, 84, 93,
120, 12–124, 126, 128–133, 143, 186, 187, 220, 226
Taxes, 38, 100, 226Telecommunications, 75, 84, 150,
232Territories, 4, 5, 8, 12, 20, 33, 35,
36, 38, 112, 121, 137, 149, 151, 161, 168, 208, 228
Theorist, 2, 12–17, 26, 29, 160Theory, 5, 8, 14, 29, 36, 91, 92,
223Third World, 9, 13, 14, 91, 93, 131,
193Tony Blair, 152Touré, 10, 12, 119–122, 157, 158,
189Tourism, 11Trade, 3, 4, 6–11, 13, 15–17, 21,
23–26, 35, 39, 50, 54, 62–64, 68, 72, 73, 76, 81, 89, 90, 93–95, 99, 101, 104–109, 111–113, 119–122, 124–129, 132–143
Transformation, 48, 215Transnational, 16, 24, 25, 113Transparency, 37, 46, 52Tribal, 17, 19Tuareg, 150, 153, 156, 157, 170, 228Tullow, 40, 41, 45, 46, 223, 225Turkey, 57, 84, 89, 90, 102, 103–106,
108–112, 165, 226, 230Turkish Aerospace Industries, 109Turkish Co-operation and
Co-ordination Agency (TIKA), 104
92, 94, 98, 101, 101, 107, 112, 150, 162, 207, 209–213, 216
Soviet Union, 91Space, 13, 22, 25, 27, 75, 83, 85, 89,
91, 101, 104, 109, 126, 131, 139, 161, 188, 212, 217, 224, 228, 232
Steel, 132Strategic sectors, 34Strategies, 3, 7, 17, 20, 23, 26,
55–57, 66, 77, 80, 82, 84, 85, 90, 91, 151, 153, 169, 171, 179, 181, 184, 186, 188, 200, 212, 214, 219, 220, 222, 226, 231, 233
Structures, 7, 13–19, 75, 139Sub-imperialism, 114Subordination, 9, 10, 138, 142Subsidies, 72, 82, 84, 100, 129, 137,
139, 193, 226Subsistence, 46, 47, 51, 55, 67, 78,
79, 194, 225Subversion, 15, 17, 197Success stories, 20, 75, 218Sudan, 94, 159Superpowers, 91, 149, 151, 154,
226Supranational, 16, 24, 121, 126, 169Surrender, 44Sustainability Impact Assessment
(SIA), 129Sustainable, 3, 38, 41, 78, 79, 127,
177, 180, 182, 184, 188, 190–195, 198, 226, 229
Syngenta, 48, 50, 66Syria, 102, 110Syrian Civil War, 102System for the Stabilisation of Export
Earnings (STABEx), 122System for the Stabilisation of Mineral
Earnings (SYSMIn), 122
252 IndEx
Value-addition, 7, 28, 35, 120, 123, 132, 133, 139, 216
Values, 8, 17, 93, 99, 105, 155, 167, 213
Victim, 4, 12, 17, 34, 92, 104, 153Village, 19, 47, 51, 185Violated, 22, 23Violent conflict, 39, 149Virtuous power, 90, 105, 106, 227Vladimir Lenin, 7
WWarfare, 149Washington, 65, 149Washington Consensus, 14, 16, 18,
38, 39, 49, 56, 63, 65–67, 72, 76, 82, 85
Water, 6, 40, 47, 53, 54, 68–70, 71, 76, 81, 119, 129, 137, 158, 183, 184, 189
Water privatisation, 68–70, 81Wealth, 9, 29, 35, 37, 38, 43, 44, 57,
61, 68, 80, 95, 100, 113, 157, 181, 226
West, The, 4, 6, 14, 19, 26, 39, 65, 90–92, 102, 105, 106, 120, 121, 125, 128–130, 133, 141, 142, 153, 167, 199, 223, 227
West African Observatory on Migrations (WAOM), 167
Western aid, 3, 61, 63, 65, 70, 81, 83, 84, 89, 99, 168
West Germany, 121Westphalian, 16, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27,
150, 151, 209, 230Win–win co-operation, 50, 90, 91,
104, 169, 171Workers, 6, 10, 16, 51, 55, 67, 71, 77,
78, 81, 82, 84, 95, 96, 106–108, 123, 130, 136, 184, 187, 188, 226
UUganda, 25, 46, 124–127, 140, 143,
187, 193, 214, 225Ugandan, 25, 46, 135, 136UK Trade and Investment (UKTI),
68Underdeveloped, 1, 10, 13, 157Unemployment, 36, 125Un Environment Programme, 183Unequal relationships, 15, 92Un General Assembly, 105, 210Un Global Compact, 178–181, 198Union of African States, 29, 35, 36,
207, 212, 219, 220, 221, 224, 231
United nations (Un) Sustainable development Goals(SdGs), 3, 35, 177, 191, 201
United States, 33United States of Africa, 7Unity, 1, 8, 11, 29, 35, 63, 169, 207,
220, 221, 223, 231Un Open Working Group (OWG),
180Unrest, 101, 123Un Security Council, 91, 156, 159Un Sustainable development Goals
(SdGs)., 3, 38, 177, 201Un’s High Level Panel (HLP),
180Uranium, 152, 156, 157, 172Urban, 70, 194, 195USA, 5, 9, 11, 26, 33, 43, 44, 48, 56,
64, 65, 69, 83, 89, 91, 94, 114, 131, 152, 161, 220, 224
VValletta Summit, 162, 164, 168, 172,
228Value added, 119, 120, 125, 138,
141, 142, 228
IndEx 253
YYaoundé Accords, 122, 124Yaoundé Conventions, 12, 29Yara, 49, 50
ZZaire, 151Zambia, 52, 76, 77, 79, 90, 91,
94–97, 100, 101, 111–113Zimbabwe, 98, 123, 232
World Bank, 22–25, 29, 41, 47, 53, 65, 69–72, 75, 89, 123, 143, 178, 186, 198, 225
World development Movement, 50, 51World Food Crisis, 47, 130WTO doha development Agenda
(ddA), 181
Xxu Jinghua, 98