INDEX [link.springer.com]978-0-306-48134-5/1.pdf · 314 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM anthropological logic, 85, 86, 88 anthropomorphism, 171, 250 anti-descriptivism, 54;

INDEX

Aa posteriori, 11, 117, 271aprioricity, 11,230apriorism, 206, 207a priori, 6, 10, 11, 34, 35, 63, 74,

77, 115, 117, 120, 128, 133,203, 210, 211, 229-231, 233,234, 236, 237, 239, 242, 243,246, 247, 257, 268, 271, 272,275, 277, 278, 284

Abbagnano, Nicola, 177ability, 7, 12, 24, 34, 37, 54, 60,

62, 74, 98, 99, 132, 222, 264,267-269, 297; see can-possibility

absolute necessity, 94, 246absolute truth, 121abstract, 7, 15, 30, 32, 37, 39, 41,

43-46, 52, 60, 61, 67, 68, 71,73, 77, 86, 87, 126, 164, 171,173-175, 206, 253, 291;abstracted, 73, 251, 257;abstracting, 61, 72, 73, 251,255, 257; abstraction, 69, 73,103, 172, 179, 196, 210, 255;abstractedness, 89

absurdity, 121, 139act-based theory of meaning, 124,

125; acts and operations, 196Adams, R.M., 76, 78, 212Adler, Pierre, 121, 129Adler, Max, 134-136, 142, 146,

147

aesthetic, 2, 7, 79, 175, 247; seeesthetics

aggregate, 56AI, 289, 297, 305, 308; see

artificial intelligencealgebra, 100, 111, 154analysis, 29, 41, 49, 54, 57, 62,

69, 82, 87, 90, 100, 101, 108-110, 148, 153, 173, 190, 196,198, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207,273, 278, 279, 302; analytic, 2,3, 6-7, 14, 16, 19, 29, 40, 45,54, 57, 63, 82, 92, 94, 117,121, 145, 147, 202, 203, 205-209, 233-235, 238, 240, 241,249, 272, 274, 277; analytic-synthetic distinction, 3; ana-lyticity, 3, 57, 76, 205-211,233, 272, 273, 276, 282;analytic of principles, 63;analytic philosophy, 2, 3, 6, 8,19, 145, 202

Anderson, Alan Ross, 96, 97,109;Anderson-Scheme, 96

Anderson, Douglas, 177Anerkennen, 83antecedent, 33, 37, 43, 109, 1221,

169, 171, 188, 204, 217, 271,290, 296, 303

anthropology, 34, 163, 243, 246,248, 258; anthropologism, 85,116, 119, 120, 214; anthro-pological-psychological, 85;

313

314 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM

anthropological logic, 85, 86,88

anthropomorphism, 171, 250anti-descriptivism, 54; anti-de-

scriptivist theory of reference,52, 64

anti-Leibnizian, 59, 67anti-objectivistic, 83, 85anti-realism, 229, 234, 243antinomy, antinomies, 63, 65, 68,

76antipsychologism, 2-9, 13, 15-18,

83, 114, 115, 117-119, 122,142, 143, 149, 195, 197-200,202, 203, 210; anti-psycholo-gist, 4, 16, 200, 203; anti-psy-chologistic, 1, 3, 4, 6, 15, 82,84, 113, 117-119, 124, 131,141, 145, 159, 196, 247, 249-252; anti-psychologists, 1-5, 9,16, 142

antisociologism, 131, 146antithesis, 16, 63, 65Apel, Karel-Otto, 177apodictic judgment, evidence, 90,

92, 120, 133apophantic logic, 124applied logic, 34, 48, 84, 89, 90,

100,101,108, 151, 297archetypal idealism, 254; see

Berkeley; ectypal idealismargument, 5, 9-15, 23, 27, 29, 35,

36, 63, 68, 121, 129, 131, 158,166, 167, 175, 176, 198-201,203, 209-211, 216, 229, 231,238-241, 243, 244, 246, 263-265, 267, 268, 272, 273, 275,276, 282, 283, 299-303

arguments, 2, 5, 7-8, 15, 26-27,31, 33, 37, 48, 55, 65-66, 99,103-104, 106, 108, 112-113,

115-117, 127, 138, 141, 171,173, 176, 178, 189, 207, 209,232-233, 238, 258, 266-267,273

Aristotle, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 44,45, 49, 76, 153; Aristotelian,28, 88, 107, 108

arithmetic, 18, 41, 90, 120, 129,195, 210, 230, 231; arithmeticrelations, 230; Arithmetik, 15,18, 109, 110, 114, 129, 148,149

Arnauld, Antoine, 22, 23, 25–28,30, 44, 47

Arndt, H.W., 31, 45, 49ars inveniendi, 27, 33, 45; ars

iudicandi, 27, 33artificial, 22, 25, 26, 34, 219, 260,

289, 297, 292, 302, 312, 313;artificial intelligence, 260, 289,312, 313; see AI

ascription, 278, 284Ashworth, Jennifer, 45, 47assertibilism, 60, 62, 63, 65–68,

77; assertibility theory, 52, 63,65; assertoric, 90–92, 234; as-sertoric discourse, 234

association, 24, 27, 41, 43, 70–72,142, 193, 219, 220, 251, 259;associationist, 27, 161

assumption, 2, 5, 12, 13, 65, 66,77, 97, 120, 139, 189, 192,263, 269, 275, 279, 282, 291,297

attention, 5, 18, 21–23, 33, 34, 45,70, 74, 102, 125, 159, 166,167, 173, 177, 211, 233, 264,290, 303

Ayer, A.J., 145, 234

INDEX 315

BBacon, Francis, 21, 28, 29, 44, 45,

47,110,149bad psychologism, 250–253, 256–

258Baier, Annette, 259Bain, Alexander, 75, 79, 157, 174Baker, G.P., 5, 6, 18, 204, 211Baldwin, James Mark, 160Barrett, R., 285Barth, H., 18, 47, 138, 147–149Barwise, Jon, 295, 305, 312Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb,

45Bayle, Pierre, 32Bazhanov, Valentine A., 108, 109Bealer, George, 216, 217, 221,

226, 227Beck, Lewis White, 78, 154, 246,

259, 260behavior, 13, 14, 94, 192, 205,

253, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269,271, 273–276, 278–283, 285;behavioral, 266, 268, 270,272–274, 276, 281, 283, 313;behavioral criteria, 272, 274,276, 281

behaviorism, 7, 11, 245, 263–269,273, 276, 278–281, 283, 286,287; behavioristic, 206, 263,272, 273

belief, 3, 15, 69, 70, 78, 126, 134,157, 158, 169, 174, 182, 190,215, 221–224, 229, 233, 237,238, 240, 241, 256, 289, 296,299, 301, 303; believing, 83,207, 209, 216, 222, 223, 226,278, 299

Belnap, Nuel, 109

Benacerraf, Paul, 217, 219, 220,226, 227; Benacerraf’s di-lemma, 217, 219, 220

Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, 37, 38,43, 47, 85–87, 109, 147, 160,161

Berg, Ian, 46, 47Berger, P.L., 141, 147Berkeley, George, 6, 18, 47, 129,

130, 174, 213, 253–255, 259,261; Berkeleyan, 76, 232

biology, 10, 12, 136, 185, 193,297; biological, 135, 136, 143,185, 276; biological and psy-chological mechanisms andprocesses, 185; biochemical,284

bivalence, bivalent logic, 197,201–203, 207, 209, 211

Bloor, David, 146, 147, 211Bochen,’ ski, Innocent Maria

(Josef), 110, 148Bohnert, Herbert G., 206, 211,

213Bolzano, Bernard, 7, 17, 18, 21,

26, 33, 36, 39–49, 83,108–110, 148, 149, 260

Boole, George, 17–19, 101, 103,107, 109, 148, 250–252, 256,257, 259–261; Boolean, 13

Boolos, George, 226, 227Born, Friedrich Gottlob, 35, 47,

148Bosanquet, Bernard, 48, 151Bowie, Andrew, 247, 259Bradie, Michael, 181, 184, 185,

193brain, 18, 177, 278, 284, 313Braine, M., 296, 304, 312Brent, Joseph, 155, 177


Brentano, Franz, 1, 3, 18, 122,128, 129, 249

Bringsjord, Selmer, 290, 291, 297,302, 308, 311–313

Brockhaus, R., 148Brouwer, L.E..J., 63, 78Brown, Thomas, 161Buchler, Justus, 177

CCaesar, Julius, 56, 57, 59, 76, 166calculus, 17, 100, 105, 107, 109,

148, 251Calker, Johann Friedrich, 33, 47,

148Campbell, Donald T., 48, 151,

184–186, 189, 193can-possibility, 98; capability, 99;

see abilityCarl, Wolfgang, 46, 47, 79, 110,

148, 149, 178Carnap, Rudolf, 18, 48, 145, 181,

182, 187, 203–213, 232–234,272, 273, 282; Carnapian, 35,197

Carr, David, 212, 247, 259Cartesian, 6, 182, 183, 188, 189,

192, 212, 245; Cartesiandream, 183, 188, 189, 192;Cartesian dualism, 247; Carte-sianism, 6; see Descartes

Cassirer, Ernst, 7, 129, 148, 196,260

categorical imperative, 248, 249,260

category, 63, 102, 103, 115, 278;categories, 3, 8, 10, 63, 64, 74,102, 104, 113, 114, 117, 135,160, 161, 176, 200, 230, 269,278; category of “quantity”,63; categorial framework, 74

Caton, Hiran, 256, 259cause, 9, 24, 40, 63, 78, 94–96,

135, 185, 207, 208, 230, 231,233; causal explanation, 279,281; causal influence, 120;causal order of nature, 95;causal relations, 93, 115, 243;causality, 32, 62, 72, 77, 82,93, 117; causation, 24, 120,255, 265, 279, 284

Cerebus, 171certainty, 17, 29, 65, 66, 91, 92,

123, 161, 175, 186–188, 196,208

chemistry, 10, 14Chisholm, Roderick M., 128, 129,

145Chomsky, Noam, 264–266, 273,

274, 276, 280, 281, 285, 286Chrysippus, 254Church, Alonzo, 10, 17, 18Churchland, Patricia Smith, 6, 17,

18Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 45, 254,

259; Ciceronian, 27class, 54, 55, 58, 61, 93, 99, 103,

106, 107, 137, 139, 199, 273,274; classes, 69, 104, 106, 107,227, 269; see sets

class struggle, 139classical logic, 16, 65, 66, 68, 77,

82, 101, 107, 108, 202; seelogic; traditional logic

Coffa, Alberto, 48, 203, 210, 212cognition, 32, 33, 40, 55, 59, 62,

66–68, 73, 77, 89, 94, 114,117, 120, 123, 126, 127, 129,175, 196, 198, 305; cognition-based semantics, 68; cognitive,6–8,10,11,51,52,55,59–65,

INDEX 317

69, 72, 75, 76, 121, 131, 141,164, 184, 185, 195, 198, 199,207, 212, 245, 255, 260, 277,289–291, 293, 294, 308, 309,312, 313; cognitive illusions,289, 293; cognitive science, 7,10, 121, 131, 212, 245, 308,309, 312, 313; cognitive se-mantics, 64; cognitive state,55, 75; cognitive structures,184; cognitivism, 52, 234

Cohen, H., 4, 19, 118, 132, 148,260

coinstantiation, 218, 219, 222Colapietro, Vincent, 155, 177colloquial language, 90communication, 281, 291, 296complex predicate, 58, 227Comte, Auguste, 135conceive, 22, 39, 53, 132, 172,

174, 176, 230, 303; conceiving,22, 53, 70, 310

concept, 1, 6, 11, 34, 36, 39, 48,49, 53–61, 64, 67, 68, 70–74,76, 77, 101–107, 109, 113,115, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125,138, 191, 214, 233, 243, 249,250, 252–255, 283; concepts,11, 31, 32, 36–38, 42, 44,53–57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67,70–74, 76, 77, 86, 100–107,119, 123, 124, 132, 140, 144,161, 169, 191, 229, 245–247,249, 257, 265, 267, 268, 274,275, 278, 280, 284; conceptual,54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 90, 93, 127,182, 187, 193, 194, 200, 206,207, 213, 230, 235, 246, 264,265, 267, 269, 276; con-ceptualism, 7, 52–56, 58, 59;

conceptualist, 53–57, 67, 75;conceptualization, 267

Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 33,43,45

conditional normative psycholo-gism, 83, 85, 88

conditional, 16, 69, 71, 83, 85, 88,92, 93, 184, 290, 296, 303,309; conditional proof, 296

conscious, 15, 71, 120, 161, 168,200, 217; consciousness, 21,35, 42, 44, 87, 92, 114, 115,120, 123, 127, 169–171, 177,179, 200, 232, 248, 253, 261;consciousnesses, 123

consequent, 2, 37, 76, 109, 290consistency, 36, 55, 66, 69, 170,

173, 271, 282, 293; construc-tive dilemma, 295, 296, 301

constructive, constructivism, 7,211, 295, 296, 301, 305

content, 6–8, 33, 34, 37, 58, 81,83, 89–93, 96, 100–103, 116,118, 120, 137, 138, 141–143,195, 196, 198, 233, 234, 255,283, 308; content and exten-sion, 102; content-logical foun-dation, 102; content-logicalideas, 102

context, 34, 83, 93, 98, 106, 109,137, 144, 159, 163, 167, 168,170, 175, 210, 236–238, 250,254, 260, 269, 270, 278, 279,281, 284, 289, 312; contexts ofconcept acquisition, 11

continental philosophy, 249contingency, 70, 73–76, 200, 205contradiction, 35, 42, 62, 70, 76,

82, 88, 90, 120, 121, 249, 259,292, 303, 311; contradiction in


will, 62; contradictory, 35, 36,42, 54, 76, 77, 106, 120, 145,201–203; contradictory oppo-sites, 76, 77

convention, conventional, 222,264,271,272,282,286

Copp, David, 227Cranston, Maurice William, 45,

47criterion of truth, 240, 256critical idealism, 229, 247, 253;

critical philosophy, 34, 76, 77,79, 157, 232; critical undertak-ing, 160; critical-teleological, 2

Crusoe, Robinson, 146crypto-Platonist, 146culture, cultural, 25, 27, 30, 44,

47–49, 135, 141, 148, 151,153, 230, 234, 235, 237–239;cultural context, 238; culturalrelativism, 229, 235, 238–243

Curtius, E. Robert, 138, 140, 141,148

Cussins, Adrian, 114, 129

Dd’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 25Darwin, Charles, 184, 185, 192,

193;Darwinian biology, 185Davidson, Donald, 186, 193, 194,

211, 212, 231, 243, 274, 281,283, 285, 286

de cogitatione, 197, 210; de dicto,197; de facto, 160, 163; de jure,160, 163;de re, 197, 210, 222

de Staël, Madame, 36DeBoer, Thomas, 114, 129Decock, L., 193, 194, 285

deductive inference, 71, 78, 257;deductive logic, 70, 175, 208;deductive reasoning, 109, 148,303, 308, 312

deep causal explanation of mentalstates, 281

Delaney, C.F., 177deliberation, 72, 169DeMorgan’s Laws, 290Denken, 44, 47, 83, 84, 86, 110,

122, 151; Denknotwendigkeit,83

Dennett, Daniel C. 165, 171deontic logic, 13, 109; see modal

logicDerrida, Jacques, 210, 212Descartes, René, 28, 45, 47, 48,

160, 187, 256, 259, 262descriptivism, 54; descriptive

epistemologies, 185, 187; des-criptive psychology, 123, 128,129

determinism, 98, 144, 231; deter-mination, 76, 77, 98–100, 103,104, 107, 256; determinand,103, 104; determinator, 103,104

Dewey, John, 62, 78, 186, 193,209, 213, 366

diagram, 105, 293, 295, 299, 301,304, 305, 307, 310; diagram-matic, 308

dialectic, 7, 16, 63; dialectical op-position, 76

Diderot, Denis, 25, 26, 45, 47Dilthey, Wilhelm, 134; Diltheyan,

197Ding an sich, 115disposition, 76, 99, 160, 241, 269,

270, 276; dispositional, 7, 99,270; dispositional predicates, 99

INDEX 319

Doore, Gary, 249, 259Doppelgänger, 276Dorschel, Andreas, 247, 259doxastic assumption, 279Dreher, John H., 227, 229, 259Dreyfus, Hubert L., 201, 210, 212dualism, 121, 134, 137, 144, 146,

182, 241, 242, 245; see Des-cartes; philosophy of mind

Duhem, Pierre-Maurice-Marie,182, 235

Dummett, Michael, 5, 6, 18, 52,63, 65, 78, 114, 124, 125, 129,145, 197, 199, 201–203, 205,207, 209, 213

Dunkmann, K., 148Duran, Jane, 256, 259Durkheim, Emile, 134

EEarl of Clarendon, 30economism, 135ectypal idealism, 254; see Berke-

ley; archetypal idealismEddington, Arthur, 231Einstein, Albert, 231Eisler, Rudolf, 4, 18

eliminative psychologism, 43Elias, N., 148Ellis, Brian, 5Elsenhans, Theodore, 132, 148emotivism, 7empirical evidence, 127, 238, 242,

243, 268, 283; empirical psychol-ogy, 2, 6, 31, 34, 41, 72, 86, 87,100, 183, 229, 230, 234, 246,279, 289; empirical science, 11,34, 65, 70, 86, 101, 119, 182,187, 230, 232, 234, 239, 240,246, 264, 271, 272, 277; empiri-cism, 123, 177, 182, 183, 190,

191, 197, 198, 206–209, 213,233, 254, 263–265, 268, 277,279, 280, 285, 286; empiricist, 2,6, 86, 114, 121, 127, 160, 161,182, 206, 230, 233, 254, 255,265, 280

empty classes, 106, 107engineering, 12, 184, 190, 297Enlightenment, the, 22, 26, 237enthymeme, entheymematic reason-

ing, 48, 55entity, entities, 5, 14, 15, 21, 22, 27,

57, 59, 76, 99, 115–117,119–121, 124, 126, 132, 133,187, 215, 221, 223, 226, 241,253, 266, 269

environment, 158, 184, 185epistemology, 1, 5–8, 19, 29, 38,

39, 42, 45, 71, 75, 108, 117,118, 130, 136, 137, 139–143,145–147, 153, 181–194, 197,198, 203–205, 208, 213, 245,250, 256–258, 260, 261, 263,264, 269, 273–275, 278–280,285–287; epistemologists, 45,183, 187–189; epistemological,2, 8, 27, 41, 45, 70, 72, 73, 114,115–117, 118, 127, 128, 139,140, 142, 144, 181, 183, 188,190, 195, 209, 250, 257; epis-temological idealism, 114; epis-temological theory of experi-ence, 127; epistemology natu-ralized, 6, 19, 153, 187, 204,205, 213, 256, 257, 261, 286,287; epistemic, 8, 17, 55,64–66, 73, 77, 83, 85, 87, 88,90, 91, 107, 158, 186, 190, 193,196–198, 204, 207, 256, 257;epistemic pessimism, 65, 77;


epistemic task, 55; epistemic-pragmatic, 85

epoché, 128; see HusserlEppstein, Paul, 144, 148Erdmann, Benno, 43, 47, 85, 87,

88, 90, 91, 108, 109, 119, 122,129, 131, 132,139, 141, 148

Erfassen, 83Erlebnisse, 197Esposito, Joseph, 177Esser, Wilhelm, 32, 43esthetics, 158, 164, 173Etchemendy, John, 295, 305, 312ethics, ethical, 2, 62, 72, 88, 89,

141, 158, 160, 163, 164, 169,171, 173, 229, 233–236, 238,242, 243, 245, 246, 248–250,254, 257, 258; ethics of think-ing, 88, 89

Euclidean geometry, 230, 231evidence, 27, 62–64, 69, 73, 117,

120, 123, 124, 126, 127, 132,133, 135, 173, 182, 183, 190,199, 208, 217, 237, 238, 242,243, 255, 263, 265, 266,268–270, 273, 275–279, 283,284; evident, 15, 29, 70, 120,174,246,275, 278

evolution, 158, 183, 194; evolu-tionary epistemology, 184, 185,193; evolutionary theory, 182;see Darwin; Darwinian biology

excluded middle, 57, 58, 65, 66, 77,82, 197, 199, 202, 210

exclusive disjunction, 290, 291, 311experience, 10, 11, 17, 30, 31, 36,

59, 63, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 86,118, 123, 126–128, 132, 133,135, 142, 158, 163, 169, 171,174, 175, 179, 184, 195, 207,

230, 233, 235, 236, 239, 240,245–248, 250, 251, 254, 255,257, 266–268, 272, 273, 290,299; experiences, 15, 61, 66,71–74, 116, 120, 175, 184, 233,235, 250, 251, 254, 257; experi-ential, 158, 174, 255; experientialelement in logic, 158

experiment, 11, 13, 176, 177, 231,241, 242, 267; experimentalmethod, 10, 254; experimentalpsychology, 82, 134, 143, 158,160, 170

explanation, 2, 7, 10, 74, 94, 95,110, 143, 149, 192, 194, 197,233, 263–267, 269, 271–273,275, 277, 279, 281; explanatory,14, 132, 263–265, 267, 269–275,277, 278, 281, 283–285; explana-tory efficacy, 277, 283; explana-tory theory, 275; explanatory util-ity, 264, 272, 278

extensional, 13, 101, 106, 197, 199,201, 293; extensionalism, 195;extensionalized, 197 external mo-dalities, 93; external necessity, 93

external world, 181, 182, 187, 188,232, 254, 258, 261; externalizing,263

Ffaculties, 28, 36, 41, 67, 73, 77, 117,

124, 248, 254; faculty of reason,72; faculty psychology, 72

fallacy, fallacious, 12, 26, 190, 227,250, 251, 297

falsehood, 12, 46, 226, 232, 297Feigl, Herbert, 3, 18Ferrier, James, 45Fisch, Max H., 163, 173, 175, 178

INDEX 321

Fitch, Greg, 227, 297Fleck, Ludwik, 145, 146, 148Fodor, Jerry A. 6, 17, 18folk psychology, 158, 276, 281formal logic, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89,

107, 108, 311; formalization, 101,251; formalized languages, 90,213

Foucault, Michel, 211–212foundation for arithmetic, 90foundation of logic, 70, 85, 86, 121foundational psychologism, 87–88Fraser, Alexander Campbell, 44, 45,

48, 151Frederick William (the Great), 31freedom, free will, 76, 98, 282Frege, Gottlob, 3–8, 15–18, 37, 41,

43, 46, 47, 81, 83–85, 87–93, 99,108–110, 113–117, 119, 121,122, 124–126, 129–132, 141,145, 148, 149, 195–201,203–212, 214, 215, 232, 249,251, 258

Friedman, Michael, 285Fries, Jakob, 43, 45, 47, 85, 86, 110,

113,149,161Frisby, D., 149Frischeisen-Köhler, M., 136, 149

full-blown cultural relativism, 238–242

Føllesdal, Dagfinn, 117, 129, 130,276, 283, 285

GGadamer, Hans-Georg, 200, 212Gallie, W.B., 178gambler’s fallacy, 189Gavagai, 270; see Quine; indeter-

minacy of (radical) translationHHaack, Susan, 17, 19, 178, 178, 286

Geach, P.T., 18, 145, 234Gedanken, 7, 43, 49,122,153Geltung, 83generality, 17, 55, 91, 97, 108, 248,

293; general concepts, 54, 56,57; general empirical conception,60, 61; general logic, 34, 35, 58,101

genesis, genetic, 38, 81, 83, 86, 87,137, 143, 144, 183, 184, 250,269, 283; genetic-lively (ge-netisch-lebendig) logic, 86, 87

geometry, 13, 41, 230, 231; geomet-rical laws, 125

George, Alexander, 266, 285George, Rolf, 18, 46–48, 83Gesetzlichkeit, 118Gibson, Roger, 182, 193, 285God, 23–25, 52, 59, 64, 66, 77, 93,

179, 189, 233, 247, 253, 254,256, 259; godhead, 254; gods,247, 259

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 26Goldfarb, Warren, 277, 278, 282–

285Goldman, Alvin I., 204, 212good psychologism, 250, 252, 253,

255–258Goodman, Nelson, 145Gosselin, Mia, 280, 285Goudge, Thomas, 178Gödel, Kurt, 10, 17, 19, 308, 312grammar, 124, 162, 163, 277, 280grasping, 57, 73, 83, 86, 87, 89, 102,

125, 126, 195; grasping of truth,83

Grünwald, Ernst, 139–141, 145, 149


Haaparanta, Leila, 108, 110, 129,130, 149

Hacker, P.M.S., 2, 5, 6, 18, 19, 204,211

haecceity, 57, 58, 64, 66Hager, Achim, 253, 259Hahn, Lewis Edward, 184, 191,

211–213Hamilton, William, 51–59, 69, 70,

73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 161, 164;Hamiltonian, 57, 69, 70

Hanna, R., 115, 116, 126, 129happiness, 248, 305Hare, R.M., 234Harman, Gilbert, 186, 193, 286Harrison, Jonathan, 249, 259Hartley, David, 161Hausman, Carl, 178Hegel, G.W.F., 26, 43, 48, 113, 122,

129, 153, 253, 255, 260, 261;Hegelian, 113, 114, 160

Heidegger, Martin, 144, 149, 249Heil, John, 253, 260Heim, K., 133, 149Heimsoeth, Hans, 28, 45, 48Heisenberg, Werner, 231Hempel, Carl G., 94, 108, 110, 149Hendel, Charles W., 44Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 36–38,

43, 48, 82–86, 89, 108, 110, 149;Herbartian, 87

heuristic, 15, 33, 137, 143, 159, 176Heymans, G., 132, 133, 149historical, 2, 4, 9, 33, 69, 127, 131,

136, 137, 140, 143, 147, 161,173, 200, 249; historicism, 146,154; historism, 135, 213

history of logic, 33, 44, 82Hobbes, Thomas, 23holism, 182

Hookway, Christopher, 178, 187,189–191, 193

Horkheimer, M., 138, 139, 144, 149Hubbert, Joachim, 247, 255, 260Hull, David, 186, 193humanism, 52, 60, 67, 69; human-

ize, 59, 66, 68, 75; humanized,51, 52, 62, 66, 68

Hume, David, 6, 24–27, 31–33, 44,45, 48, 76, 187, 189, 239, 240,254, 255, 258–262; Humean, 25,26, 189; Humean predicament,189

Husserl, Edmund, 3–7, 10, 16, 21,41, 43, 48, 82, 90, 101, 108,110–134, 139, 141, 143–145,149–151, 156, 161, 195–197,200, 201, 205, 207, 209–212,232, 249, 261; Husserlian, 130,144, 196, 199, 201, 204,207–210

HYPERPROOF, 305, 311, 312hypostatic, 172, 178hypotheses, 10, 11, 182–184, 190,

191, 208, 265, 267, 268, 281;hypothetical judgment, 94, 97,100, 109; hypothetico-deductivemethod, 181, 182, 191; hypo-thetical necessity, 95

Iidealism, 5, 14, 15, 64, 113, 114,

150, 210, 229, 230, 232, 234,247, 254, 255; ideal meanings,118, 119, 123, 124, 128

ideas of reason, 60, 62identity, 42, 57, 58, 88, 100,

105–107, 163, 209, 216, 226,227, 246, 252; identification,116, 158, 161, 164, 226, 250,

INDEX 323

268; identity calculus, 100; iden-tity conditions, 216, 226, 227;identity of indiscernibles, 57,209; see sameness

ideology, ideological, 1, 22, 44, 81,108, 136–139, 141, 154, 247

ignorance, 98, 99illative, 166, 172, 177illusion, 25, 77, 220, 290–294, 296,

298–303, 305, 307, 311;illusions, 35, 189, 289–293,296–299, 302, 313

imagination, 41, 53, 60–63, 70, 72,77, 79, 83, 84, 87, 167, 254;imaginative, 61, 62, 72, 237

imperative, 12, 131, 160, 175, 248,249, 260

implication, 15, 96, 279, 295, 296,299; implications, 5, 6, 15, 159,163, 165, 171, 181, 233, 249,255, 313

inclination, 24, 84, 248, 250, 284incoherence, 119, 121, 292, 311indeterminacy of (radical) transla-

tion, 204, 264–266, 272, 273,275, 276, 280–282, 285; inde-termination, 98

individual concept, 56–59, 76; indi-vidual substance, 56, 59

induction, inductive, 17, 28, 36, 69,70, 78, 120, 127, 165, 184, 187,190, 208, 209, 267; inductivegeneralization, 70, 127; inductiveinference, 69; inductive logic,208, 209; inductive reasoning, 78

inference, 51, 53–55, 59, 71, 75, 78,118, 159, 160, 162, 164,167–169, 172, 176, 177, 203,248, 251, 252, 254, 257, 290,292, 294, 296, 298, 301; infer-

ences, 12, 27, 36, 38, 132, 165,168, 203, 232, 291, 297, 304; in-ferential, 22, 34, 35, 43, 71, 159,163, 167, 293, 298, 300, 301; in-ference rules, 294, 296, 297

infima, infimum species, 56, 60infinite, infinity, 59, 63, 68, 76, 77,

253, 255; infinite totality, 68; in-finitely complex individual con-cept, 78

information, 11, 45, 54, 57, 58, 61,67, 77, 174, 182, 183, 190, 192,276, 280, 283, 289, 305, 311; in-formation sciences, 11

innate, 184, 185, 190, 265, 268, 269,274, 276, 280, 281; innateness,268, 269, 281, 285

instrumental normativity, 189intellect, 55, 67, 68, 73, 77, 84, 165,

170; intellectual, 2, 7, 49, 66–68,73, 76, 77, 141, 155, 165, 174,212, 251, 257, 265; intellectualintuition, 78; intelligible world,66, 67, 78, 278

intensional, intensionality, 13, 57,58, 62, 216; intensional logics,13; intensional theory, 58; inten-sional truth theory, 62

intention, intentionality, 75, 89, 117,122, 135, 142, 158, 169, 172,197, 209, 212, 220–222, 225,249, 258, 260; intentional, 125,142, 215, 220–222, 224, 225,253, 265, 269, 270, 274, 277,283, 281; intentionalism, 7

interchangeability salva veritate,276

internal and external modalities, 93;internal necessity, 93; internalrealism, 75, 208

intersubjectivity, 141, 279


introspection, 70, 164, 228, 254,265, 279, 280; introspective, 72,73, 227, 228, 266

intuition, 7, 16, 55, 59, 63–68, 74,76–78, 106, 118, 128–130, 195,200, 208, 215, 228, 245, 269,279, 280; intuitionism, 7, 65,195; intuitionistic, 63, 65, 78,200; intuitionistic logic, 65, 78;intuitionistic mathematics, 63

invalid, invalidity, 12, 65, 70, 74,160, 290, 295–298, 300

JJacobi, Maria Charlotta, 45, 46Jacquette, Dale, 1, 227, 245, 252–

254, 258, 260, 289, 297, 308, 312Jakob, Ludwig Heinrich, 35, 46, 48James, William, 174, 175, 187Jansohn, Heinz, 255, 260Jäsche, Gottlob Benjamin 32, 33,

46, 78, 130Jerius, Holger, 260Jerusalem, Wilhelm, 5, 132, 134,

142, 143, 146, 150Johnson-Laird, P.N., 289–292, 294–

296, 301, 304, 311–313Jonas, H., 139, 151Jubien, Michael 215, 226, 227, 259judge, 22, 24, 44, 54, 92, 131, 160,

162; judgement, 133, 137, 141,143, 144, 226; judging, 22, 27,44, 53, 54, 67, 70, 83, 93, 118,120, 125, 127, 226; judgment,24, 36, 39, 44, 51, 53–58, 60,62–64, 69, 71, 74–79, 82, 83, 88,90–94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 105, 109,117, 118, 120, 123, 158, 165,171, 175, 176, 242, 269, 299;judgments, 10, 27, 36, 40, 44,

54–58, 60, 62, 64–67, 71, 76, 83,85, 87, 89–95, 100, 103, 109,111, 117, 163, 243, 257

justification, 3, 7, 10, 11, 15, 63,70–73, 108, 118, 142, 160, 185,187, 190, 191, 272, 279, 280,299; justify, 63, 66, 70, 164, 165,185, 237, 247, 272, 278, 279, 284

KKant, Immanuel, 3, 4, 29–35, 38,

43, 46–49, 52, 53, 59–68, 71–79,85, 117, 122, 124, 127, 129, 130,136, 152, 159, 160, 162, 175,196, 212, 230–232, 234,245–250, 254, 255, 258–261;Kantian, 3, 33, 35, 36, 40, 69, 83,85, 91, 92, 108, 114, 115, 117,118, 162, 205, 230–232, 234,236, 239, 247, 262, 278, 284;Kantian idealism, 230, 234;Kantians, 33, 34, 36, 132, 134,141, 144, 229; see Neo-Kantians

Katz, J., 145Kauppi, 76, 78Kent, Beverley, 178Kettler, D., 151, 152Kiesewetter, J.G.C.C., 33–35, 37,

42,46,48,151Kim, Jaegwon, 186, 194Kirkland, Frank, 113, 130Kitcher, P., 102, 117, 130, 145Kneale, Martha, 82, 110, 151Kneale, William, 82, 110, 151

knowledge, 1, 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 23,26, 30, 31, 33, 38–41, 45, 48, 54,55, 59, 60, 63, 64, 67, 72, 74–77,79, 89, 91, 94, 100, 101, 114,117, 118, 123, 127, 131–149,151, 152, 154, 160–162, 169,

INDEX 325

174, 176, 178, 182–190,192–197, 206–208, 211, 213,221, 229, 230, 232–235, 238,245–249, 254, 256, 257, 260,261, 265, 266, 268, 281, 285,294, 297, 299

Koppelberg, Dirk, 188, 194, 279, 285Kornblith, Hilary, 153, 186, 194,

256, 261Kripke, Saul A., 216, 281, 282, 285Kuhn, Thomas S., 145–147, 151,

200, 212Kusch, Martin, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 17, 19,

108, 110, 128, 130, 134, 141,145, 151, 211, 213, 249, 261

LLAI, 297–299, 308; see logicist

artificial intelligenceLakatos, Imre, 19, 146, 147, 151,

153, 154, 164, 178, 179language, 1, 3, 7–9, 13, 17, 52, 73,

82, 90, 93, 108, 125, 168, 176,177, 181, 187, 194, 197, 198,200, 202, 205, 208, 212, 215,224, 225, 233, 234, 238, 251,252, 263–268, 270–272, 274,276, 279–281, 283, 285–287,292, 295, 300, 312; languagelearning, 263, 266, 268, 276, 285;language of science, 90, 205

Lapp, A., 133,151law, 18, 35, 42, 43, 58, 62, 65, 72,

77, 94, 100, 105–109, 111, 118,120, 123, 177, 199, 210, 246,248, 249, 251, 311; law of con-tradiction, 35, 42, 43; law ofdouble negation, 105, 106; law ofidentity, 42; laws, 4, 10, 12, 17,18, 22, 27, 32–35, 37, 42, 55, 58,

67, 70–72, 74, 76, 82–91, 101,108, 110, 118, 120, 121,123–125, 128, 129, 132, 133,148, 161, 163, 164, 173, 176,195, 198–201, 204–211, 246,248, 251, 252, 257, 259, 290,291; laws of association, 27, 70;laws of identity, 43; laws oflogic, 34, 35, 55, 58, 74, 84, 101,120, 128, 133, 173, 199, 257,291; laws of thinking, 89, 246,248; laws of thought, 4, 18, 22,70, 110, 132, 148, 195, 199–201,204–211, 251, 252; law of theexcluded middle, 77; lawlike, 12

Leibniz, G.W., 21, 24, 45, 46, 48,52, 56–59, 62–64, 74–79, 103,151, 210, 213; Leibnizian, 52,57–59, 61–64, 66, 67, 76, 77,206, 210

Leonardi, Paolo, 193, 194, 285, 286Levinas, Emmanuel, 115, 117, 130Lewalter, E., 140, 151Lewis, David, 226, 227, 286Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 134linguistic, 2, 75, 76, 121, 122, 125,

141, 160, 200, 205–207, 216,224, 225, 263–265, 267,270–272, 277, 279, 280, 282,284, 286; linguistic behavior,263; linguistic critique, 121; lin-guistic theory, 265, 286; linguis-tic-pragmatic, 121

Lipps, Theodore, 5, 85, 88, 89, 108,110, 131, 132, 151

Livingston, Donald, 259, 261, 262Lobachevskian geometry, 13Locke, John, 6, 23–33, 43–45, 47,

48, 76, 151, 176; Lockean, 25Loemker, L.E., 79


logic, 1, 2, 4–19, 21–49, 51–53,55–60, 65–71, 74–76, 78, 79,81–93, 95, 96, 100–103,106–111, 113–125, 128–130,132, 133, 142, 145, 148, 149,151–154, 157–176, 178, 181,184, 196–210, 214, 223,232–234, 243, 245, 246,248–253, 256–259, 261, 262,271, 272, 289–293, 295, 297,301–304, 306, 308, 311–313;logic of inquiry, 158; logic ofmodalities, 82, 91; logic-assemeiotic, 151, 164; logic-based, 289, 297

logica docens, 22logica utens, 22logical, 2, 3, 5–8, 11, 13–16, 18, 19,

21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34–38,40–43, 45, 49, 51–53, 57, 58, 65,66, 68, 70, 71, 75, 77, 81–94,100–105, 107, 108, 114–116,118, 120–130, 132, 133, 142,144, 157, 160–172, 174–176,192, 196–199, 204–210, 212,213, 216, 218, 219, 222, 231,243, 247–252, 267, 270, 274,282, 286, 290–292, 294–299,304, 305, 311; logical andmathematical cognitions, 114;logical anthropologism, 85; logi-cal character, 167; logical cogni-tion, 123, 126, 129; logical con-sequence, 37, 42, 49, 65, 208,311; logical entities, 14, 15, 133;logical form, 40, 90, 167, 168,172, 243, 252, 267; logical glue,218, 219, 222; logical grammar,124; logical illusion, 290, 291,

294, 296–300; logical laws, 10,83–90, 101, 108, 120, 121, 123,124, 133, 161, 251; logical ne-cessity, 70, 93–98, 123, 204,210; logical or mathematical ne-cessity, 210; logical principles,57, 58, 88, 144, 249, 250; logicalproposition, 115, 116, 126; logi-cal psychologism, 88, 89, 91,115–117, 121, 124, 126, 128,130; logical relation, 37, 43, 58,101, 166, 172, 208, 219; logicaltheory, 10, 15, 35, 52, 53, 75,115, 117, 127, 217, 220, 266;logical truth, 8, 11, 16, 65,125–127, 132, 142, 169,206–210, 212, 213; logicaltruths, 11, 125–127, 142, 169,209, 210; logical-consequence,37, 42, 49, 65, 208, 311; logico-mathematical, 256, 271

logician, 5, 24, 32, 33, 36, 39, 82,86, 88, 101, 107, 119, 173, 208,250–252, 290, 291, 304, 308

logicism, logicist, 90, 123, 289, 297,305; logicist AI (LAI), 297–299,308; see artificial intelligence

Lord Verulam, 45Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, 40, 48, 82,

83, 110, 111, 122, 151, 152Luckmann, T., 142, 148

MMacColl, Hugh, 107, 109, 111, 152machine, 120, 168, 297, 308, 312Mackie, J.L., 234Malebranche, Nicolas, 45Mannheim, Karl, 134, 136, 138–

148, 151, 152, 154many–valued logic, 13, 203

INDEX 327

Marcus, Ruth Barcan, 149, 226Marcuse, Herbert, 138, 15Margolis, Joseph, 115, 130, 195,

211–213Marty, Anton, 5Marx, Karl, 136, 138, 139, 153;

Marxism, 138Maslow, Alexander, 250–252, 261Master of Balliol, 23materialism, 138, 253, 254mathematics, 1, 1, 2, 6–9, 15, 24,

41, 60, 61, 63, 72, 74, 77, 81,109, 114, 115, 121, 129, 130,148, 159, 173–176, 178, 190,208–210, 214, 232–235, 271,272, 281; mathematical, 2, 7, 15,17, 38, 41, 45, 63, 65, 84, 107,109, 110, 114, 117, 137, 148,175, 197, 208, 210, 211, 213,216–218, 220, 233, 234, 251,252, 256, 259, 270–272 mathe-matical logic, 233, 251; mathe-matical models, 38; mathematicalmultiplicity, 252; mathematicalnecessity, 109, 210, 211, 213;mathematical truth, 114, 210,234, 270–272; mathematician,32, 39, 61, 73, 157, 172, 175,176, 308

maxim, 62, 100, 157, 171, 174, 191,248, 249

McDowell, John, 145,191,194, 285McGinn, Colin, 253, 261meaning, 3, 7–9, 18, 93, 104, 106,

115–118, 121, 123–126, 129,130, 133, 137, 140, 142, 162,185, 197–199, 201, 202,205–508, 212, 223, 225, 234,238–240, 243, 252, 253, 261,263–266, 269, 270, 273–277,

280–284, 286, 287; meanings, 7,8, 44, 116–119, 121, 123, 125,128, 166, 176, 182, 199, 208,221, 225, 238, 264–266, 272,274, 275, 277–279, 283; mean-ingless symbols, 252

medicine, 12, 297medieval trivium, 162Meier, George Friedrich, 31, 32, 49,

152Meja,V., 147–155memory, 19,32,41,313Menelaos, P., 21mental, 1, 7, 8, 15, 18, 37, 39, 40,

60, 69, 70, 75, 76, 84, 115, 116,119, 120, 123, 125, 127, 128,130, 132, 141, 168, 170, 177,182, 187, 190, 195–201, 205,207, 208, 232, 264–268, 270,274–281, 283–285, 289, 297,303, 304, 306, 308, 311–313;mental act, 40, 70, 125, 127, 130,177, 196; mental contents, 115,190; mental entity, 15, 116, 120;mental experience, 116, 120,132; mental life, 119, 123, 128,200, 207, 280; mental logic(ML), 303, 304, 308, 312; mentalmetalogic (MML), 289,304–306, 308, 309, 312, 315;mental models, 303; mentalprocesses, 18, 75, 196, 198; men-talism, 8, 204–206, 276; mental-istic, 206, 281, 282

Mephistopheles, 26Merkmale, 56, 57, 86Merleau–Ponty, Maurice, 10metaphilosophy, 213, 258, 286metaphor, 44, 159, 175, 177, 277


metaphysics, 1, 6, 7, 32, 45, 46, 76,78, 79, 115, 123, 135, 141, 160,161, 178, 198, 212, 227, 245,246, 250, 253–258, 260, 261,277; metaphysics of morals, 245,258, 260; metaphysical, 2, 25,45, 51, 67, 68, 74, 115, 149, 174,193, 198, 199, 216, 231, 250,271, 284; metaphysical truths,231; metaphysician, 254

metatheory, 308; metatheoretical, 10method, 2, 11, 17, 28, 29, 33, 38,

45, 86, 87, 128, 130, 144, 146,181–183, 188, 191, 194, 208,212, 229, 230, 247, 251, 252,254, 255, 267, 271; methods, 6,10, 18, 86, 89, 90, 93–96, 100,135, 158, 162, 182, 189, 191,192, 240, 257, 287; methods ofproof, 100; method of projection,252; methodeutic, 162, 163, 175;methodological, 15, 161, 175,183, 211, 268, 286; methodol-ogy, 39, 89, 102, 151, 178, 181,182, 229, 245, 247, 256, 268;methodology of science, 89, 256

Meusel, A., 138, 152Mill, James, 146Mill, John Stuart, 6, 24, 47, 51–55,

58–60, 62, 64, 66, 69–76, 78, 79,120, 161, 164, 165, 204, 210;Millian, 52, 53, 75

mind, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15–19, 21–30,33, 34, 36–41, 43, 44, 58, 61, 62,68, 71, 73, 76, 109, 114–116,120, 121, 123–126, 129, 130,133, 143, 149, 158, 161, 165,166, 169, 171, 172, 177–179,190, 194, 196, 202, 205, 213,215, 218, 221, 225–227, 230,

232, 237, 239, 240, 250–252,254–256, 260, 263–266, 278–280, 283–286, 294, 296, 297,299, 301, 303, 307, 312; minds,11, 15, 114, 127, 160, 171, 175,204, 215, 226, 229, 232, 234,250, 254, 278, 311, 312; mind-independent entities, 6, 21

Misak, C.J., 178ML, 303, 304; see mental logicMML, 289, 304, 305, 308, 309, 312;

see mental metalogicmodal logic, 13, 90, 206, 293; mo-

dal predicates, 92; modalities, 82,90, 94, 98–100

modern logic, 10, 81, 82, 96, 100,107; see logic

modus ponendo ponens, 12, 71, 299Moffett, Mark, 227Mohanty, J.N., 130, 196–201, 204,

205, 207, 210, 211, 213, 249, 261monad, 51; see LeibnizMontague, Richard, 216, 217, 225Montaigne, Michel, 25Moore, G.E., 232, 233, 312morality, 158, 232, 233, 237; moral

norms, 96; moral philosophy, 7,246–248, 250; moral purpose, 96

Morick, H., 285, 286Morscher, Edgar, 46, 49Mugnai, M., 76, 79Mulligan, Kevin, 17,19Murphey, Murray, 178Musgrave, Alan, 3, 19, 145, 151,

153, 154, 252, 261

NNails, Debra, 256, 261Natorp, Paul, 118, 124, 130, 132,

152, 260

INDEX 329

nature, 10, 17, 22, 24, 28, 29, 31,37, 56, 57, 64, 66, 72–74, 76, 85,88, 95, 113, 115, 117, 134, 136,158, 159, 164, 165, 170–172,175, 176, 184, 190, 194, 199,217, 219, 229, 231, 234, 238,246–248, 250, 252, 254,258–260, 270, 279, 281, 283;natural history, 84, 174; naturallogic, 22, 26, 29, 34; natural rea-son, 24, 27, 31; natural science,6, 8, 18, 65, 84, 138, 146, 163,182–184, 187, 188, 192, 238,250, 256, 257, 266, 272, 280;natural sciences, 18, 138, 146,256, 272; natural selection, 184,185, 190, 192; naturalise, 142;naturalism, 7, 113–115, 127,141, 181–183, 186, 187,191–193, 196, 197, 201, 204,205, 261, 266; naturalistic, 114,115, 117, 128, 181, 183, 186,187, 191–193, 196, 197, 201,204, 205, 261, 266; naturalisticepistemology, 117, 181, 187,193, 261; naturalistic framework,186; naturalistic philosophy, 114;naturalized epistemology, 181,185, 188, 190–194, 260, 263,269, 274, 275, 279, 280, 285;naturalizers, 204

Navickas, Joseph L., 253, 261necessity, 34, 35, 70, 71, 76, 78, 88,

91–100, 109, 123, 163, 175, 197,204–213, 234, 246, 255, 264,265; necessity-claims, 91

Neo-Kantian, 118; Neo-Kantians,132, 134, 141, 144

Neurath, Otto, 138, 139, 145, 153,188, 192

neurology, 281; neuropsychology,12

Newton, Isaac, 123Nicholas St. John Green, 174noema, noesis, 125,128, 201, 210Nola, Robert, 211nominalism, 56; nominalist, 53, 54,

57; nominalistic, 76, 164norms, 4, 96, 128, 158, 160, 162,

170, 178, 181, 184–186,189–192, 196; normative, 3, 12,70, 71, 74, 75, 84, 85, 87–89,101, 109, 119, 122, 132,158–160, 162–164, 169–171,173, 175, 181, 184, 186, 190,191, 196, 248; normative claimof logic, 84; normative function,85, 88; normative psychologism,84, 85, 87, 89, 101; normativetask, 87, 101; normativity, 184,186, 190–192; norms of discov-ery, 190

Notturno, Mark A., 19, 211, 213,214, 261

noumena, 55, 59, 76number, 15, 18, 38, 41, 44, 61, 132,

133, 205, 220, 226, 303; num-bers, 15, 36, 39, 46, 196, 210,217, 223, 227, 233, 290, 308

oO’Hear, Anthony, 191, 194object, 7, 19, 35–37, 42, 54–61, 64,

68, 69, 76, 77, 84, 87, 89–91,107, 116–118, 125, 126, 166,167, 170–172, 174, 175, 177,185, 202, 226, 227, 230, 233,243, 285; objects, 14, 15, 36, 42,46, 54, 55, 57–60, 62–68, 72–77,102–104, 107, 111, 114, 117,


125, 166, 167, 182, 187, 201,215, 216, 221, 226, 230, 232,233, 235, 246, 247, 249, 252,255, 258, 267, 276, 280, 304,305; objects of consciousness,232; object-directedness, 125,126; object-level, 226; object–oriented, 126; objective, 2, 6–9,14–16, 21, 39, 41, 42, 61, 63, 64,72–74, 81, 83, 84, 92, 93, 114,116, 118, 119, 127, 134, 135,146, 148, 152, 159, 160, 167,169, 176, 196–198, 208, 211,226, 274–276, 282, 283, 290; ob-jective judgment, 74; objectivist,82–85, 87, 88, 91, 209, 243; ob-jectivity, 11–13, 16, 83, 84, 114,117, 124, 127, 128, 137, 138,146, 154, 213, 245, 247, 254,255, 256, 261, 270; objectivityfor pure logic, 84; objectification,118, 267

observation, 11, 13, 70, 141, 174,175, 185, 191, 251, 273, 276,279, 281–283; observation sen-tence, 185, 273, 279

Oliveira, Manfredo Araújo, 255,261

ontology, 7, 46, 57, 64, 75, 144,193, 194, 220, 227, 253, 255,285; ontological, 2, 19, 22, 46,55–58, 117, 121, 140, 141, 194,195, 213, 217, 218, 220, 221,227, 255, 261, 286; ontologicalstatus, 22, 46

ordered pair, 217, 219; see class,classes; set, sets

ordinary language, 225, 265, 266,270, 271

OSCAR, 308; see Pollock

Ppain, 186, 236, 248Pap, Arthur, 3, 19Pappus, 29, 45paradox, 124, 125, 130, 259, 286;

paradoxes of existential import,107

Parsons, Charles, 213Parsons, Terence, 227Paton, H.J., 249, 261Peckhaus, Volker, 108, 111Peirce, Benjamin, 157Peirce, Charles Sanders, 63,

157–179Penrose, Roger, 308perception, 9, 15, 59–63, 77, 115,

127, 205, 230, 232, 254, 259,265, 269, 283; perceptualapparatus, 185; perceptualmanifold, 72, 74

Perloff, Michael, 109person, 4, 11, 34, 37, 114, 119, 120,

161, 171, 174, 188, 223, 255,257, 272, 284, 290

perspective, 2, 52, 59, 61, 66, 90,137, 139, 166, 169, 175, 192,241–243, 254, 261, 268, 274,298, 304; perspectives, 19, 142,179, 194, 211, 213, 214, 227,242, 261, 285

phenomena, 68, 76, 77; phenome-nal, 35, 57, 59, 68, 76, 230–232

phenomenology, 7, 10, 17,128–130, 143–145, 154, 173,175, 211–213, 245, 249; phe–nomenological, 11, 12, 48, 73,118, 128, 129, 142–144, 148,173, 196, 201, 212, 249, 261;

INDEX 331

phenomenological intuition, 128;phenomenologists, 141, 196, 204

Philalethes, 24Philipse, Herman, 17, 19, 258, 261philosophy of language, 1, 9, 181,

198,212philosophy of logic, 6, 8, 9, 13, 16,

19, 51–53, 66, 69, 82, 83, 196,252, 258

philosophy of mind, 17, 19, 196,221, 266

philosophy; philosophical analysis,279; philosophical norms, 190;philosophical semantics, 7, 9,253; philosophical truth, 229,236; philosophical truths, 229

physics, 8, 10, 12, 23, 88, 89, 163,183, 189, 210, 231, 235, 246,257, 258, 265, 266, 281, 297;physics of thinking, 88, 89;physical entities, 115; physicalobjects, 182, 187, 255, 267;physical sciences, 10, 38, 284;physical theory, 273, 280; physi-calism, 18, 182, 183, 191, 273,283

physiology, 26, 164, 183, 189, 273,277, 283; physiological, 26, 114,160, 165, 276, 279, 283; physio-logical psychology, 114

picture theory of meaning, 252Pinker, Steven, 280, 285Platner, Ernst, 49,153Plato, 21; platonic entities, 217, 220;

platonism, 6, 195, 200, 206pleasure, 45, 236, 248, 271Plessner, H., 153Polanyi, Michael, 167polemic, polemics, 4, 6, 25, 38, 41,

136, 249Pollock, John, 308

Pope, Alexader, 24Popkin, Richard H., 259, 261Popper, Karl, 145–148, 153, 193;

Popperian, 19posit, 263, 268, 269, 275; positing,

posits, 8, 189, 257, 264, 265,268–270, 275, 286

positivism, 207, 242possibility, 54, 74, 76, 78, 91–93,

97–100, 109, 114, 201, 203, 258,275, 293, 312; possibility fromignorance, 98, 100

post-modernism, 235Posy, Carl, 79Potter, Vincent J., 178, 179pragmatic, 85, 99, 108, 121, 157,

174, 179, 243, 255; pragmaticcritique, 121; pragmaticism, 174,177; pragmatism, 157, 171, 174,177, 178, 206; pragmatist, 2, 63,206; practical activity, 7; practi-cal anthropology, 258

pre-established harmony, 185, 242pre-linguistic properties, 77, 78precepts, 24, 30, 70, 71,74predicate, 39, 40, 55–5967, 76, 93,

94, 100, 238, 239, 305, 308, 312;predicate concept, 57, 59; predic-tion, 74, 184, 191

prejudice, 26, 31, 32, 34, 270prereflective act, 126prescriptive, 11, 12, 18, 19, 87, 185,

234, 248, 261; prescriptive func-tion, 19, 87, 261

Price, H.H., 259, 261Prichard, 233prima philosophia, 161Principal of St. Edmund’s Hall, 23principle of contradiction, 77, 88,

121; principle of identity, 209;


principled disjunction, 195, 196,198, 201; principles of syllogism,120

probability, 41, 208, 212, 251, 252,257; probability theory, 41, 251

property, 40, 55, 125, 218–220, 223,224, 226, 227, 265, 274, 282;properties, 27, 40, 46, 55–57, 64,73, 76, 93, 102, 175, 215–220,222–227, 252, 255, 256, 259,265, 275, 304; property-level,222

proposition, 15, 39–41, 44, 46, 58,65, 71, 76, 92, 109, 116, 118,121, 125–127, 133, 176,215–226, 252, 292, 301, 312;propositions, 7, 16, 21, 22, 32,37–42, 44, 46, 65, 75–77, 87, 91,93, 115, 118–120, 123, 125, 126,167, 168, 215–217, 219–227,234, 243, 253, 289, 292;prepositional constituency, 217;propositional representation, 221,224; propositionality, 218, 221,222

propositional and predicate calculi,308

psychologism, 1–11, 13–19, 21, 22,37, 38, 42–44, 46, 51, 53, 66, 69,81–91, 101, 107, 108, 110, 111,113–136, 140–143, 145,147–149, 151, 157–159, 161,163–167, 169–171, 173, 177,195–197, 199–211, 213–215,224, 227, 229, 230, 232, 234,235, 237, 239, 242–253,255–258, 261, 289–292, 296,297, 303, 305, 308, 309;psychologism-cum-relativism,

121; Psychologismus, 130, 149,160, 161; psychologistic, 1, 3-5,7, 16, 18, 22, 51–53, 66, 69, 73,82–84, 86–90, 107, 108,116–123, 131, 132, 143, 145,158, 159, 164, 196, 198,204–208, 211, 215, 229, 230,232, 234, 247, 249–252, 254,255, 258, 292; psychologisticlogic, 81, 84, 86, 89, 119, 168;psychologizers, 204

psychology, 1, 2, 4–18, 21–23, 29,31, 33–36, 38, 39, 41–44, 69–72,82, 83, 85–89, 101, 114–116,119–124, 129, 132–134, 139,141–143, 147, 157, 158, 160,161, 163, 164, 169–172,174–176, 182, 183, 187, 189,196, 204, 229, 230, 234, 245,246, 248, 250–253, 256–258,260, 263, 266, 268, 273, 276,279, 282, 289, 290, 296, 297,303, 308, 309, 311–313;psychological, 1–3, 6–11,14–16, 18, 21, 28, 29, 32, 34–38,41–43, 51, 70, 71, 82–91, 101,108, 113–115, 118–120,123–128, 133, 137, 142–144,151, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163,165, 167–172, 174, 176, 185,195, 197, 201, 203, 205,245–254, 256–258, 266, 267,282, 308; psychical, psychicalevent, 86, 169, 171; psycho-physical, 100; psychologicalapperception, 128; psychologicalentities, 15, 133; psychologicalfactors, 142, 163, 201, 205, 250;psychological investigation, 34;

INDEX 333

psychological processes, 142,163, 201, 205, 250; psycho-logical properties, 256; psycho-logical science, 1, 6, 8, 10;psychological states, 256, 267;psychological subjects, 14, 15,257

pure forms of intuition, 230, 247pure logic, 32–36, 69, 84, 86, 90,

108, 115, 119, 123, 124, 130pure reason, 32, 34, 59, 60, 63, 64,

66, 68, 72, 74, 78, 159, 175, 246,247, 255, 260

Putnam, Hilary, 75, 79, 200, 210,211, 213, 281, 285

190, 196, 209, 245–247, 249,254, 255, 258, 267, 282; rational-ity, 84, 162, 175, 193, 211, 240,243, 267, 272, 273, 286, 313; ra-tionalism, 146, 198; ratiocina-tion, 31, 168

reality, 34, 46, 54, 55, 58, 69, 76,87, 115, 137, 138, 141, 148, 175,190, 195, 198, 199, 206, 215,230–233, 254, 256, 261,263–265, 271, 275, 280, 286,308; realism, 56, 66, 75, 148,182, 193, 198, 199, 210, 211,213, 229, 230, 232–234, 236,243, 259, 262

reason, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22–28,30–36, 45, 57, 59, 60, 62–66, 69,72–76, 78, 79, 84, 87, 90, 92, 96,99, 103, 109, 131, 158, 159, 163,168, 175–177, 179, 199, 201,203, 205, 209, 211, 215, 216,219, 220, 224, 237, 239–242,246–248, 254–256, 259–261,274, 281, 283, 290, 291, 294,297, 301, 303, 304; reasoning, 4,6, 11–14, 16, 17, 22–24, 26, 31,34, 35, 53–55, 63, 65, 68–71, 75,76,78, 110, 148, 161–164, 168,175, 176, 204, 207, 234, 245,247, 248, 251, 252, 255, 257,258, 267, 289–291, 296–298,303, 304, 308, 309, 311–313

reciprocal containment, 8, 188, 257reconceptualization, 170, 184reductio ad absurdum, 296, 303reductionism, 43. 160, 165, 208reference, 26, 37, 41, 45, 47, 52, 55,

58, 60–69, 75, 93, 96, 97, 104,109, 130, 133, 148, 158, 168,169, 171, 172, 176, 187, 194,

Qquantifiers, 68, 223, 239; quanti-

ficational logic, 229quantum physics, 10Quine, W.V.O., 6–8, 17, 19, 145,

153, 181–194, 203–214, 216,225–227, 235, 237, 239, 243,256–258, 261–266, 268–270,272–274, 276–283, 285, 286;Quinean, 181, 192, 204, 235,264, 277–279, 283, 284; Quineannaturalism, 279

Rradical translation, 265, 267; see

QuineRadnitzky, Gerhard, 4, 19Ramus, Peter, 45Rappaport, Steven, 281, 286Raspa, Venanzio, 109, 111Rath, Mathias, 17, 19, 108, 111,

153, 249, 261rational, 23, 57, 84, 116, 126, 127,

160, 162, 169, 174–177, 181,


200, 201, 204, 208, 209, 227,234, 241, 249, 258, 271, 272;referential, 51, 52, 55, 58–60, 62,64, 65, 68, 25, 201, 221, 239;referential and cognitive seman-tic theories, 51, 52; referential-ism, 52, 65

Rehmke, J. 153Reid, Thomas, 26, 27, 45, 49, 53,

153, 262Reimarus, H.S., 46, 49, 153relation, 14, 27, 40, 46, 54, 55, 58,

67, 82, 88, 89, 98, 104, 107, 117,125, 127, 130, 177, 183, 186,188, 192, 208, 215, 216,218–223, 226, 227, 243, 277,279, 283, 293; relations, 7, 15,21, 27, 37, 39, 40, 43, 46, 67, 73,76, 79, 85, 87, 93, 94, 101–104,115, 147, 154, 159, 208, 210,215–219, 222, 223, 227, 230,243, 253, 263, 282; relations ofideas, 27; relata, 46, 223,227

relativism, 15, 19, 116, 117, 199–122, 125, 133, 137, 139, 144,147, 193, 201, 204, 211, 213,229, 235, 236, 238–243; relativ-ist conceptions of truth, 229;relative necessity, 94–96; rela-tivization, 235

remembering, 187, 278representation, 35, 41, 53, 58, 59,

77, 78, 220, 221, 224–226, 285,299–301, 305, 312; representa-tions, 35, 36, 38, 40, 44, 67, 71,72, 224, 225, 302; representa-tional, 217, 218, 220; representa-tionalism, 217, 218, 220; repre-sentative, 161, 245, 249, 280

Rescher, Nicholas, 109, 243, 255–258, 261

Rickert, H., 135, 151, 153Ricketts, Thomas, 272–274, 282,

286Riemannian geometry, 13Rinella,K.,308,312Rips, L., 261, 296, 303, 304, 312,

313Rorty, Richard, 186, 194Roth, Paul A., 263, 278–280, 283,

286rule, rules, 3, 22–25, 28, 31, 32, 34,

41, 70, 71, 75, 83, 86, 87, 120,124, 133, 164, 169, 175, 177,179, 182, 186, 190, 196, 198,200, 201, 203, 235, 241, 252,258, 268–274, 278, 279, 281,282, 285, 294–296, 288, 301,303–305, 311, 312; rules ofthought, 196; rule-governed, 252

Rusnock, Paul, 45, 46, 48Russell, Bertrand, 8, 145, 182, 187,

188, 208, 210, 213, 222, 226,227, 232, 233, 311, 313

Ryle, Gilbert, 232

Ssameness, 185, 270, 276, 282, 283;

see identitySatz an sich, 39; see sentences in

themselvesSaussure, Ferdinand de, 176, 179Savan, David, 158, 173, 179Savary, F., 290, 311, 312Scheler, Max, 134–136, 141–144,

146, 153Schelting, A. von, 139, 153schematic, 61, 62, 72; see Kant

INDEX 335

Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrichvon, 175

Schilpp, Paul Arthur, 18, 184, 193,212, 213

Schlick, Moritz, 5, 133,153Schofield, Malcolm, 254, 261scholastic distinction, period of

philosophy, 23–25, 27–29, 32,122

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 115Schröder, Ernst, 101–103, 111, 154Schuppe, W., 122, 130Schütz, A., 143, 153science, 1, 6–8, 10–12, 14, 17–19,

23, 25, 26, 32–35, 38, 39,41–45, 47, 65, 66, 69, 70, 77,81, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 100,101, 108, 110, 118–121, 131,135, 136, 141, 142, 147–149,153, 154, 157, 159, 163–165,169, 170, 171, 174–176, 178,181–194, 205, 212, 230, 232,234, 235, 238–240, 245, 246,250–252, 254, 256, 257,261–266, 269, 271, 272, 274,277–280, 284, 286, 308, 309,312, 313; science of logic, 17,164, 170, 171, 251, 252, 262;science of thinking, 44; science-friendly, 240; sciences, 2, 2, 10,12, 14, 18, 23, 28, 34, 38, 41,47, 78, 86, 93, 100–102, 118,130, 136–138, 144, 146, 158,162, 164, 169, 174, 175, 178,203, 212, 246, 247, 251, 254,256, 260, 263, 272, 284, 287,297, 313; scientific approach,38; scientific discovery, 28,193; scientific epistemology,181, 183; scientific explanation,

110, 149, 263, 264, 270, 275;scientific knowledge, 101, 146,147, 183, 184; scientific lan-guage, 93; scientific method, 38,181, 183, 188, 254; scientificpicture, 278; scientific psychol-ogy, 6, 12, 13, 17, 43, 87; scien-tific rationality, 272; scientificstudy, 16, 283; scientific theory,9, 199; scientific worldview,284

Seebohm, Thomas, 114, 130, 204,211, 213

self, 35, 36, 62, 175, 177, 259; self-corrective, 169; self-evident,121, 246, 275

Sellars, Wilfred, 145, 159, 266,267, 281, 286, 287; Sellarsian,261, 266–268, 276, 278

semantic, semantics, 1–4, 6–9, 19,48, 49, 51–53, 55–60, 64–69,75, 197, 198, 202, 205–207,212, 214, 221, 225, 226, 253,258, 276, 286, 304, 305, 308,311, 312; semantic humanism,69; semantic relation, 55; se-mantic theory, 52, 55, 58, 67

semeiotic, 162–164, 170, 173, 175,176, 178, 179; semiotic, 159,176, 177, 179

sense-data, 6, 187, 232, 257; sen-sory data, 182, 183, 188, 192;sensible intuition, 67, 68, 78;sensible manifold, 247; sensibleworld, 67, 68; sensitive intui-tion, 68; sensory evidence, 182;sensory perception, 59; sensual-ism, 43


sentence token, 224, 225; sentencesin themselves, 21, 46; see Satzan sich

sequential inferences, 304set, sets 10, 12, 25, 35, 36, 38, 40,

56, 57, 61, 67, 89, 95, 97, 98,105, 123, 136, 162, 165, 175,186, 208, 216, 219, 226, 248,269, 274, 294–296, 298, 301,311

shibboleth, 1, 5, 312Shimony, Abner, 256, 261Short, T.L., 172, 179Sider, Ted, 226sign, signs, 61, 107, 157–160,

162–168, 170–173, 175–177,187, 250, 252, 270

Sigwart, Christoph, 82, 85, 86,89–96, 98–100, 107–109, 111,119, 120, 123, 124, 130–133,154; Sigwartian, 90, 94

Simon, Herbert, 308, 309; Simon’sdream, 308

simplicity, 19, 199, 240, 281Singer, K., 140, 154singular concept, 57, 77Skagestad, Peter, 177, 179skeptic, 181, 188, 189; skeptical,

202, 223, 254, 265, 280, 282;skepticism, 15, 76, 114, 188,189, 191, 195, 259, 277, 282;sceptic, 262; scepticism, 31

Skorupski, John, 211, 214Sluga, Hans, 114Smith, Barry, 124–126, 130, 213Smith, John E., 175, 176, 179Soames, Scott, 227Sober, Elliott, 145, 193sociology, 1, 19, 22, 43, 131–149,

151, 152, 211, 213, 249, 261;

sociology of knowledge, 131,134–140, 142–149, 152, 211,213; sociological, 2, 5, 136,140, 141–143, 145, 209; soci-ologism, 131, 134, 135, 140,141, 143–147; socio-philosoph-ical, 142

solipsism, 15, 232Sombart, W., 138, 154soundness, 83–85, 87, 88, 90, 106,

109, 304space, 21, 31, 39, 41, 63, 68,

73–75, 134, 157, 159, 170, 173,231, 247, 277, 300, 312; spaceand time, 39, 73, 74, 247; spa-tio-temporal, 64, 67; space ofsigns, 157, 159, 170, 173

specific relativism, 120, 121speculative metaphysics, 123Speier, H., 139, 154Spengler, O., 134, 154Spinoza, Benedictus (Baruch) de,

254, 255, 262Spranger, E., 140, 154Standard Social Science Model

(SSSM), 280Stanovich, K.E., 311,313state of affairs, 252, 292stechiology, 162, 163Stelzner, Werner, 108, 109, 111Stern, G., 139, 154Stevenson, 234, 237stimulus meaning, 7, 185, 281, 283Stoa, 254strong psychologism, 18, 108; see

weak psychologismsubextensiveness, 219, 222subject, 1, 8, 11, 12, 15, 22, 23,

25–27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39,40, 42, 44, 45, 55–57, 67, 69,

INDEX 337

70, 76, 77, 92–94, 99, 100, 103,117, 125, 168, 172, 175, 177,182, 188–190, 192, 222, 229,245, 246, 251, 255, 257–271,279, 281, 282, 311; subjects, 8,14, 15, 27, 31, 33, 42, 60, 87,88, 93, 94, 99, 144, 195, 222,257, 279, 291, 292, 296, 299,301, 311; subjective, 2, 8, 10,13, 15, 16, 34, 35, 42, 55, 60,61, 63, 69, 93, 114, 117, 118,127, 135, 152, 184, 195, 196,198, 205, 229, 240, 245–247,255, 257; subjective psycho-logy, 257; subjectivity, 9, 11,12, 14, 124, 127, 142, 247, 259,261, 281; subjectification, 267

sufficient reason, 57Swoyer, Chris, 249, 262syllogism, 23, 25, 33, 45, 118, 120,

167, 280, 291symbol, 96, 106, 168, 252; sym-

bols, 167, 168, 172, 174, 176,250–252; symbolic, 10, 81, 101,103, 111, 152, 257, 293, 304,306, 308; symbolic logic, 10,111, 152, 257, 293, 304, 306,308

synonymy, 212, 273syntactic, 91, 201, 205, 206, 274,

304, 305, 308, 311; syntacticrules, 304; syntactical, 91, 201,274, 311

TTarski, Alfred, 40, 49, 202, 211,

233, 234; Tarski-like, 202tautology, 43, 89, 209taxonomy, 1, 12, 114, 117Taylor, Charles, 175

technology, 119, 184, 190, 313;technological, 190, 236

teleological necessity, 95–98;teleological possibility, 98

temporality, 73terms, 7, 8, 15, 21, 22, 25, 35, 36,

40, 44, 52, 66, 75–77, 83, 84,90, 96, 104, 118, 140, 158, 162,174, 187, 188, 197, 198, 200,201, 205–211, 226, 234, 248,256, 265, 267, 268, 270,272–274, 276, 277, 279–282,300

tertium non datur, 197, 199, 202,209, 211

theory, theoretical; theoretical re-strictions, 282; theoretical sci-ence, 119, 184; theory ofknowledge, 1, 91, 118, 142,144, 256; theory of mathemat-ics, 61; theory of meaning, 115,116, 118, 124–126, 130, 199,252; theory of syllogisms, 78;theory revision, 240

thought, 1–4, 6–11, 13–16, 18, 21,22, 24–30, 35–46, 48, 53, 55,58, 59, 61, 64, 66, 68–71,74–77, 83, 85, 88, 95, 101, 110,113, 115, 119, 120, 125, 126,128–130, 132, 135, 136, 138,141–143, 146, 148, 151,160–163, 165–169, 172–178,187, 193, 195–201, 204–211,213, 215, 220, 224, 226, 229,231–233, 235, 237, 238,241–243, 249–254, 259, 267;thoughts, 7, 14, 19, 21, 23, 29,37, 42, 46, 76, 116, 125, 161,167, 177, 196, 215; thought ex-periment, 241; thinking, 3, 6,


11, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 34, 36,38, 42, 44–47, 65, 70, 76, 77,81, 83–89, 95, 99, 101, 104,113, 116–118, 120, 122, 123,125, 126, 128, 132, 135,138–141, 146, 166, 167, 176,177, 191, 196, 197, 199–202,208, 209, 216, 227, 230–232,236, 240, 243, 246, 248,250–252, 301; thinkers, 4, 15,117, 160, 221, 247, 248, 251,291

Thomasius, Christian, 31,49Thompson, Manley, 164, 179Tillich, Paul, 139, 154time, 30–32, 39–44, 52, 58, 60, 63,

68, 73, 74, 82, 88, 99, 100, 103,113, 119, 124, 128, 131, 137,142, 144, 146, 159, 160, 166, 170, 172, 176, 190, 210, 216,231, 235–237, 241, 247, 248,268, 290, 301, 311; timeless-ness, 119; see space and time;spatio-temporal

token, 224, 253, 283; see typetotality, 68, 104–107, 284traditional logic, 12, 23, 24, 28, 29,

33, 38, 81–83, 85, 86, 89, 107,108; traditional logicians, 81,82, 85

transcendent, transcendence, 1, 2,241, 242; transcendent notion oftruth, 241, 242; transcendental,2, 34, 36, 43, 63–66, 72, 74, 77,85, 88, 108, 114, 115, 124,127–129, 189, 196, 205,211–213, 247, 249, 255, 259;transcendental aesthetic, 247;transcendental deduction, 63,72; transcendental idealism, 64;

transcendental illusion, 77; tran-scendental logic, 34, 85, 114,115, 124, 128, 129; transcen-dental phenomenology, 128,212, 249; transcendental psy-chologism, 114, 127, 128; tran-scendental realism, 66; tran-scendental reasoning, 255; tran-scendentalism, 85, 108

truth, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 16–19, 23, 25,28–30, 41, 42, 45, 46, 52–55,57–60, 62–67, 69, 71, 74–79,83, 85, 89–92, 99, 115–119,121, 123, 126, 127, 129,132–135, 137, 138, 141, 143,144, 158, 163, 168, 171, 175,177–179, 181–183, 194–200,202–204, 206–217, 220, 221,224–226, 229, 231, 233–236,238–244, 252, 253, 255, 256,261, 266, 270, 272, 280–282,290, 292, 296, 297, 303, 312;truth referentially, 64; truth ta-ble definition, 270; truth-claims,91, 92

type, 11, 14, 135, 216, 217, 250,251, 253, 256, 257, 269, 275;see token

Uunconditional normative psycholo-

gism, 73–84underdetermination, 265, 269, 280,

281understanding, 7–9, 23–26, 28, 29,

32–36, 43, 44, 48, 72–74,77–79, 86, 108, 115, 118, 128,131, 151, 158, 160, 163, 165,169, 170, 173, 183, 192, 229,230, 232, 246, 248, 250, 257,

INDEX 339

259, 267, 277–280, 284, 285,296

unity of consciousness, 42universals, 7, 30, 270; universality,

13, 207, 247; universalization,62, 72, 249; universal law, 248,249; universal soundness, 88

unregenerate realism, 182urteil, 83, 111, 154; urteilen, 44Utopia, 137, 152

Vvalid, validity, 3, 27, 35, 53, 55,

62–72, 75, 83, 87, 117–119,121, 133, 139–144, 160, 162,164, 165, 203, 208, 210, 246,248, 250, 251, 257, 292, 294,300, 301, 303, 304; valid argu-ment, 55, 300, 302, 303; validthinking, 70

value theory, 7Vasil’ev, Nicolai, 82, 107–109,

111veil of perception, 182; see QuineVerhältnis, 148, 161, 260Vergauwen, Roger, 109, 111voluntative logic, 95Vorstellung, 83, 113, 258

WWard, Seth, 30, 49Warden of Wadham, 24Watkins, J.W.N., 147, 154weak psychologism, 18; see strong

psychologismWeber, Alfred, 47, 138, 148, 154Welby, Victoria, 171, 172West, R.F., 311, 313Wiener, P., 171Wiggins, David, 243

Willard, Dallas, 124–126, 130,145, 154, 205, 211, 214, 227,259

Williams, Bernard, 235, 238, 239,243, 244

Wilson, Fred, 259, 262Windelband, Wilhelm, 132, 154,

155Wittfogel, K.A., 139, 155Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 2, 8, 19,

145, 148, 165, 177, 179, 183,209, 232, 249, 250, 252, 253,261, 262, 277, 278, 281–285;Wittgensteinian, 125, 206, 211,278, 284, 285

Wolff, Christian, 26, 29–31, 45,48, 49, 151

world-view, 238, 243Wright, G.N., 49,153Wundt, Wilhelm, 82, 85, 86, 89,

100–108, 111, 123, 130–132,141, 143, 145, 146, 155

YYang, Yingrui, 308, 311–313Yolton, John W., 259, 262

ZZeman, J.Jay, 172, 179Zeno of Citium, 254, 255, 260–262Zheng, Lan, 164, 179

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Jesús Ezquerro and Jesús M. Larrazabal (eds.): Cognition, Semantics and Philosophy. Proceed-ings of the First International Colloquium on Cognitive Science. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1538-3

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M. Watkins: Rediscovering Colors. A Study in Pollyanna Realism. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0737-X

W.F. Vallicella: A Paradigm Theory of Existence. Onto–Theology Vindicated. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0887-2

M. Hulswit: From Cause to Causation. A Peircean Perspective. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0976-3; Pb 1-4020-0977-1

D. Jacquette (ed.): Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism. Critical and Historical Readingson the Psychological Turn in Philosophy. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-1337-X

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INDEX [link.springer.com]978-0-306-48134-5/1.pdf · 314 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM anthropological logic, 85, 86, 88 anthropomorphism, 171, 250 anti-descriptivism, 54;