Independence in India

Agenda• Quick Review Africa and Apartheid• Lecture Notes: India and Gandhi• Gandhi Primary Source Document, the British View. • Radio Broadcast: Gandhi• Political Cartoon Analysis: Gandhi and Indian Independence• Compare and Contrast India and Africa independence

movements. • Begin Review:

– Latin American Revolutions and Nationalism– Industrialization– Imperialism

Decolonization and Independence

• Britain “owned” India through the process of colonization and a sphere of influence.

• French “Indo-China”• United States – Cuba,

Philippines

Indian Independence• Gandhi began by looking at

villages that were unhygienic and rampant with crime.

• He instilled confidence in the villagers as they cleaned up the area, Britain took notice.

• Gandhi is charged with creating unrest, and his supporters rally for release.

• Non-violence movement begins..

Mohandas Gandhi

• He ran the Indian National Congress

• Instead of an elite group, it allows for mass participation.

• Independence from Britain through the boycott of goods.

Breakdown

• While Gandhi is in prison, the Congress divides.

• Hindu vs. Muslims• Quit India– Movement of civil

disobedience to quit any industry that promoted British Interests. Country comes to a standstill.

Assassination of Gandhi

• He is shot three times on his way to prayer. 1948.

• Afterwards, India mourns the loss, but strengthens the independence.

• Several referendums added after his death.

• Independence granted in 1947, chaos results, but Republic is formed in 1950.

India Now• Caste System seen as

discriminatory in 1950.• New economic

developments and outsourcing have allowed for prosperity in areas of India.

• Bollywood movie industry, i.e. Slumdog Millionaire.

• Jawaharlal Nehru – advocated Western Industrialization.

What I want you to, to understand, if you can, is that the message of peace, the message of Asia, is not to be learned though European spectacles, through the Western spectacles, not by imitating the methods of the West, the gunpowder of the West, the atom bomb of the West. If you want to give a message of change to the West, it must a message of love, it must be a message of truth. There must be a conquest...(applause)..please, please, please, that will interfere with my speech, and that will interfere with your understanding also. I want to capture your hearts, and don't want to receive your claps. Let your hearts clap, in unison with what I'm saying, and I think I shall have finished my work. Therefore I want you to work with the thought that Asia has to conquer the West. Then the question that a friend asked yesterday, did I believe in one world? Of course I believe in one world. And how can I possibly do otherwise? When I become an inheritor of the message of love that these great unconquerable teachers left for us. You can re-deliver that message now, in this age of democracy, in the age of awakening of the poorest of the poor. You can re-deliver the message with the greatest emphasis; then you will complete the conquest of the whole of the West. Not through vengeance because you have been exploited, and in the exploitation, of course, I want to include Africa.''

Questions for Newspaper Article

• Skim the article, don’t focus on every word.

• Answer the following questions.

• How do the British describe their role in India?

• What will happen if they leave?

• How is Gandhi characterized versus the people of India?

Latin American Revolutions• What are the groups

associated with LA Revolutionary movements?

• Why are they revolting? • Who are major leaders?

Group Description

Industrialism

• What is needed for Industrialization?

• How does industrialization lead to imperialism?

• What raw materials are needed for the industrial revolution?

Imperialism

• What is Imperialism?• What is social

Darwinism?• What is the difference

between direct and indirect control?

• How would a colony differ from a protectorate or sphere of influence?