IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for ... · TTDC - Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm

Draft Initial Environmental Examination

November 2011

IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism — Project 2: Tamil Nadu Prepared by the Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 September 2011)

Currency unit – Rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.02098

$1.00 = INR 47.65

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CRZ - Coastal Regulation Zone DoT - Department of Tourism DSC - Design and Supervision Consultants EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan IEE - Initial Environmental Examination PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit RCC - Reinforced cement concrete ROW - Right-of-way SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TA - Technical Assistance TTDC - Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. Background 1 B. Purpose of the IEE 1 C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 2 D. Report Structure 5

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS 5

A. Components of the Subproject 5 B. Implementation Schedule 8

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 8

A. Environmental Profile – Tamil Nadu 8 B. Environmental Profile – Component Specific 13

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 19

A. Location Impacts 19 B. Design Impacts and Pre-Construction Impacts 20 C. Construction Impacts 20 D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts 20 E. Cumulative Impact Assessment 21 F. Package Specific EMPs 22

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 40

A. Institutional Arrangements 40 B. Environmental Monitoring Plan 43 C. Capacity Building 44 D. Environmental Budget 46 E. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting 47

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 48

A. Process for Consultation followed 48 B. Plan for Continued Public Participation 49 C. Grievance Redress Mechanism 49

VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50

VIII. CONCLUSIONS 51

APPENDIXES: 1. Contract Clauses to be Integrated into Bid Documents 53 2. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 57 3. Environmental Management Plan Template 60 4. Environmental Monitoring Format 79 5. Sample Grievance Registration Form 80

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The India Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (the Investment Program) envisages environmentally and culturally sustainable and socially inclusive tourism development in the project states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand, delivered through a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality. Project 2 includes the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu. 2. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) assesses Project 2 subprojects for the state of Tamil Nadu. The IEE was based on a careful review of subproject site plans and reports; defined management plans (e.g., coastal regulation zones notified areas temple development plans); field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and interviews and discussions with stakeholders. An environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. Subprojects will provide needed environmental and tourist infrastructure to improve the environmental management and quality of the sites towards preserving their ecological and cultural integrity. The subproject will conform to all Government regulations, policies, and standards, as well as Asian Development Bank‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). 3. The selection of components are consistent with the subproject selection criteria outlined in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) aimed at enhancing protection of these sites and enhancing their environmental quality. Subprojects are consistent with defined management plans designed to protect environmentally sensitive and cultural locations. Management plans guided subproject design and location, therefore, all proposed facilities in natural areas are located outside sensitive areas and sited in designated tourist development zones (as per Pichavaram mangrove management plan prepared by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department) and located away from sensitive habitats. 4. The project design incorporates the views of primary and secondary stakeholders including local communities and local officials who were all meaningfully consulted during IEE and project preparation. 5. The Project 2 includes additional environmental awareness-building to raise conservation values consistent with management plans and Tamil Nadu‘s environmental and tourism policies (which emphasize ecotourism) amongst local communities and local governments in order to ensure future sustainable development in and around these locations. 6. The environmental impacts of the project are therefore not significant and at Category B level, as per ADB's Safeguards Policy Statement. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. Impacts are readily mitigated through careful siting, specific selection criteria for procuring contractors with demonstrated experience; execution of proven mitigation measures during the design; and adoption of good engineering practices during construction and implementation. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will further mitigate negative environmental impacts during implementation. 7. Potential induced impacts are addressed through the following: (i) awareness-building of local management plans at proposed sites specifically addressing the need to regulate tourism related development and planning in the area through coordination with related government departments and local land use committees; and (ii) project-supported environmental

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awareness campaigns in surrounding communities to encourage participatory sustainable development consistent with eco-tourism principles and in compliance with the state's tourism policy ecotourism aspects. 8. The Investment Program includes upfront and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the project management unit (PMU) supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the Design Supervision Consultants (DSC) and Project Management Consultants (PMC). Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunities towards course correction to address any residual impacts during construction or operation stages. 9. Category B is proposed for this subproject for the following reasons:

(i) No significant impacts are expected as subprojects are characterized by small-scale improvements (e.g., picnic areas, toilet facilities, rehabilitation of tourist welcome/info centers, etc.) which will improve environmental management and quality of infrastructure at tourist destinations. (ii) No natural or critical habitats or sensitive ecological areas will be impacted. (iii) Subprojects do not endanger heritage or archaeological resources, and further precautions taken under the Project include: (i) State Archaeological Department to review/clear all designs and supervise all works for the one state-level heritage site; (ii) heritage and conservation specialists of the consultant teams to do the same; (iii) State Archaeological Department-certified contractors with proven track record for working in heritage sites to be selected; and (iv) chance find procedures incorporated into the EMP further ensure that impacts are avoided. (iv) All subprojects were prepared in consultation with primary and secondary stakeholders where no objections were raised and inputs were incorporated into project designs. (v) The Project makes special provisions for environmental training and education to promote biodiversity conservation through participatory approaches with local communities. (vi) Induced impacts are addressed through the Project by supporting the implementation of management plans and state eco-tourism policies which support low-impact site and regional development. The state Forest Departments and Tourism Departments oversee these plans and policies. The Project‘s capacity building component works at two levels: (i) strengthening the capacity of state government implementing agencies at both their headquarters and branch divisions to implement these plans; and (ii) raising awareness and capacity to implement these plans at the community level targeting NGOs, community based organizations, and local government bodies. Capacity building will emphasize coordinated efforts amongst these different level stakeholders and will include joint activities to build partnerships. (vii) Induced impacts are also addressed through loan covenants that ensure implementation of relevant protected area management plans, government policies, and regulatory controls (such as waste management, etc.). (viii) Monitoring of civil works will be done by specialists on the supervision consultant team and relevant state and central government agencies.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. The proposed Project 2 (the Project) targets enhanced economic growth and provision of livelihood opportunities for local communities through tourism infrastructure development with a focus on preservation and development of natural and cultural heritage and incidental services. The Project supports the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu to develop the tourism sector as a key driver for economic growth. 2. The Project aims to enhance contribution of the tourism industry to sustainable and inclusive economic growth for each participating state. Increased visits of domestic and international tourists to tourist destinations within each participating state would be the outcome of the Project. 3. The outputs of the Project are:

Component 1: Urban Infrastructure and Service Improvement (i) Ecotourism facilities at Pichavaram developed; (ii) Muttukadu and Mudhaliyarkuppam boat house areas improved; (iii) Tourist support infrastructure developed at 6 temples in the Navagraha Temple Circuit, Thanjavur; (iv) Tourist support infrastructure developed at 4 temples in the Navagraha Temple Circuit and 1 church, Nagapattinam; (v) Tourist support infrastructure developed at Alangudi Temple Area, Thiruvarur (vi) Poompuhar Tourist area, Nagapattinam, improved; and (vii) Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex at Mamallapuram, Kancheepuram, improved.

Component 2: Improved connectivity (i) Tourist support infrastructure developed in gateway town of Thanjavur.

Component 3: Quality Enhancement of Natural and Cultural Attractions (i) Important monuments such as Dansborg Museum at Tranquabar, Nagapattinam, restored and conserved.

Component 4: Greater participation by local communities Component 5: Capacity Development, Community Participation and Project

Management

B. Purpose of the IEE

4. This IEE assesses the environmental impacts due to the proposed subprojects in Tamil Nadu and specifies measures towards addressing the impacts. The IEE was based on a review of subproject site plans and reports; field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and interviews and discussions with stakeholders. An EMP outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. During the detailed design stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of

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environmental provisions in the contract. The IEE goes further and provides sample contract clauses (Appendix 1) to be added to contract documents. 5. In accordance with ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), the project is Category B as no significant impacts are anticipated. C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

6. The realm of environmental regulations and mandatory requirements for the proposed subproject is shown in Table 1.The EIA Notification (2006) by the Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) specifies the mandatory environmental clearance requirements. Accordingly, all projects and activities are broadly categorized in to two categories1 - Category A and Category B, based on the spatial extent of potential impacts and potential impacts on human health and natural and man-made resources.

Table 1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance Subproject Applicability of Acts/Guidelines Compliance Criteria

i. Development of ecotourism facilities at Pichavaram in Cuddalore District; ii. Conservation and restoration of important monuments at Tranquebar in Nagapattanam District; iii. Proposed Tourist support infrastructure in the gateway town at Thanjavur District; iv. Proposed Tourist support infrastructure along the main roads of Thanjavur District; v. Muttukadu and Mudaliarkuppam Boat Area Improvement in Kachipuram District; vi. Infrastructure development works at 6 different temples in Thanjavur District; vii. Infrastructure development works at Thirvengadu Temple, Vaitheeswaran and

The EIA Notification (2006 and its subsequent amendments in 2009) provides for categorization of projects into category A and B, based on extent of impacts.

These subprojects are not covered in the ambit of the EIA notification as they are not covered either under Category A or Category B of the notification. As a result, the categorization, and the subsequent environmental assessment and clearance requirements, either from the state or the Government is not triggered.

Coastal Regulation Zone Notifications (1991) and its subsequent amendments in 2011 specify regulated activities on the coastal area. As per notification, the coastal land up to 500 meters (m) from the High Tide Line (HTL) and a stage of 100 m along banks of creeks, estuaries, backwater and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations, is called the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ). The notification imposed restriction on the CRZ.

Muttukadu, Mudaliarkuppam, and Mamallapuram are located in Kachipuram District. The subprojects are within Category III (CRZ -III), that is defined as areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either Category I or II. These will include coastal zone in the areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up.

As a result, (i) the existing authorized structures shall be subject to the existing local Town and Country Planning regulations including the

1 All projects or activities included as Category A in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing

projects or activities and change in product mix, will require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for the purposes of this notification. All projects or activities included as Category B in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities as specified in sub paragraph (ii) of paragraph 2, or change in product mix as specified in sub paragraph (iii) of paragraph 2, but excluding those which fulfil the General Conditions (GC) stipulated in the Schedule, will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The SEIAA will base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this notification. In addition, GC of the notification specifies that any project or activity specified in Category B will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of (i) protected Areas notified under the Wild Life Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) critically polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) notified eco-sensitive areas, and (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.

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Subproject Applicability of Acts/Guidelines Compliance Criteria

Keelaperumpallam temples in Nagapattinam District; viii. Infrastructure Development of Alangudi Temple Area in Thiruvarur District; ix. Improvement to Poompuhar tourist area in Nagapattinam District; and x. Improvement to Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex, Mamallapuram in Kanchipuram District.

existing norms of Floor Space Index/Floor Area Ratio (FIS/FAR); (ii) reconstruction of the authorized building to be permitted subject to the existing FSI/FAR norms and without change in the existing use; and (iii) the design and construction of buildings shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and architectural style.

Clearance from the Coastal Regulation Management Zone Authority is required for the proposed interventions/activities in CRZ-III areas.

The Wildlife Conservation Act (1972, amended in 2003 and 2006) provides for protection and management of Protected Areas.

All activities adjacent to the Pichavaram Reserve Forest (mangrove area) Pichavaram, Cuddalore. As reserve forests are not considered as protected areas, management plans are not mandatory. Therefore no further clearance from Tamil Nadu Chief is required.

No trees will be cut during preparation of sites. However if tree-cutting is necessary, then a tree cutting permit will be obtained from the State Forest Department prior to construction.

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1974) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1981)

Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from the Uttarakhand Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) for all subprojects requiring, setting up of hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators. To be obtained by the Contractor, prior to construction.

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, and the rules, 1959 provide guidance for carrying out activities, including conservation, construction and reuse in and around the protected monuments.

The Danish Museum and fort in Tranquebar, and Nagapattinam are state-level archaeological sites.

Conservation and restoration of these important monuments are in line with the consultations and discussions with Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology.

Archaeological survey of proposed sites to be carried out to rule out any impacts on archaeological remains, prior to initiation of construction

According to this Act, area within radii of 100m and 300m from the ―protected property‖ are designated as ―protected area‖ and ―controlled area‖ respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the ―protected area‖ and development activities likely to damage the protected property are

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Subproject Applicability of Acts/Guidelines Compliance Criteria

not permitted in the ―controlled area‖ without prior permission of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. A No Objection Certification from the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology is required prior to awards of contract.

Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology will oversee all works on the sites to ensure works meet their standards. Permits for excavation, construction in the proposed subproject locations will be obtained by the executing agency prior to tendering of works.

7. The above table indicates that the proposed subproject will comply with necessary government regulations and ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) stipulates addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of project preparation. For this, the ADB guidelines categorize the proposed components into categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment2 required to address the potential impacts. The subproject has been categorized as B. Accordingly this IEE is prepared to address the potential impacts, in line with the recommended IEE content and structure for Category B projects. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys and stakeholder consultations. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE. An EMP outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. 8. The subproject is not covered in the ambit of the EIA notification. As a result, the categorization, and the subsequent environmental assessment and clearance requirements, either from the state or the Government is not triggered. 9. CRZ Clearance from the Coastal Regulation Management Zone Authority will be obtained by the executing/implementing agencies for the proposed components in Muttukadu, Mudaliarkuppam, and Mamallapuram prior to loan negotiations, 10. All activities adjacent to the Pichavaran Reserve Forest (mangrove area) Pichavaram, Cuddalore is in line with the management plan approved by the Tamil Nadu Chief Wildlife Warden. No further clearances required. 11. Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for all subprojects requiring, setting up of hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators. To be obtained by the Contractor, prior to construction.

2 Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Project, as per ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement

(2009) is as follows: (i) Category A. Subproject components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts; (ii) Category B. Subproject components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. (iii) Category C. Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

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12. No Objection Certification from the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology will be obtained by the executing/implementing agencies prior to awards of civil works contract for the proposed component in Tranquebar and Nagapattinam. 13. If tree-cutting will be required during preparation of sites, permission will be obtained by the contractors from the State Forest Department prior to commencement of construction works. D. Report Structure

14. This IEE contains eight sections: (i) introduction; (ii) description of project components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) institutional requirements; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vi) findings and recommendations; and (vii) conclusions.

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS

A. Components of the Subproject

15. Table 2 provides a summary of each of the existing condition, need for the project and components proposed under this subproject.

Table 2: Description of the Subproject Components

Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed

Components

i. Development of ecotourism facilities at Pichavaram staging area in Cuddalore District;

With the advent of tourist flow, the Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) has announced this place as a tourist spot and listed it in state‘s tourist map from 1985 onwards. TTDC is maintaining cottages, dormitory and restaurant for tourists. About 500 tourists visit Pichavaram every day. This number increases to 1,000 per day during the rainy season. It is estimated that 200,000 tourists visit the site annually. The site comprises of 5 acre staging area on the mainland for boat trips into the forest area as well as three bungalows on a small area an island about 200 m opposite the staging area.

Currently the site is presented mainly as a leisure and recreation center with minimal interpretation of the values and importance of the mangrove forest and wetland. The development done in past are not up to the standard, not matching with the surroundings/context and done in haphazard manner. The access to the premises and the parking facility are not appropriate. There is no proper road/pathway inside the premises. The existing toilet block is inadequate. Ticket booth is small in size. The waiting hall and existing information centre are not in harmony with the surroundings. Garbage bins are improper and lacking in quantity.

(i) refurbishment of existing tourist center, (ii) construction of community education centre for Mangrove Forest Interpretation and Education, and, (iii) repairs / reconstruction of parking lot, walkway, signage, landscaping, , and (iv) procurement of 10 motorized vessels.

ii. Conservation and restoration of important monuments at Tranquebar in

Tranquebar was founded by the Danish East India Company in 1620, when a factory (commercial settlement) was opened and a fort, known as Fort Dansborg. It is now

The site is presented mainly as a center with minimal interpretation of the values and importance and in need of proper restoration and

(i) restoration of fort ramparts and development of an open air theatre within the fort;

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Components

Nagapattanam District;

a museum maintained by the Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department.

adaptive reuse. The repairs/restoration done in past are not up to standards and not as per conservation guidelines. Incongruent materials have been used for repair works. The fort premises require overall development, landscaping, improved access, public facilities, tourist interpretation centre, souvenir shops etc. The museum has very less number of exhibits thus do not create much interest to the visitors.

(ii) upgrading of museum and visitor amenities; and (iii) provision of bins, signage and landscaping, development of stone pitched walkway and restoration of water tank.

iii. Proposed Tourist support infrastructure in the gateway town at Thanjavur District;

Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian art and architecture and a gateway to the Great Living Chola Temples which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments. Thanjavur has few recreation spots namely, Sivaganga Park, Rajarajan Manimandapam and Tamil Conference Memorial Tower at the Tholkaappiar Square. The State and Central Governments are trying to promote infrastructure and tourism standards focusing on Thanjavur.

Assessment show lack in overhead signages showing tourist information at the entry points to Thanjavur. At the Palace complex, there is lack of tourist interpretation centre. Most of the time the location of the existing interpretation centre or information centre is not known to the visitors. There is a need to upgrade the existing information centre. During the peak time access, parking, basic environmental infrastructure is felt inadequate.

(i) Overhead signages (5 numbers)at entry point to Thanjavur town; (ii) upgrade of tourist information centre at Thanjavur Palace complex; (iii) refurbishment of the existing information centre; and (iv) interpretative material.

iv. Muttukadu and Mudaliarkuppam Boat Area Improvement in Kachipuram District;

Muttukadu is famous for its backwater sports activities like boating and windsurfing (during the month of February). The Muttukadu Boat House comes up with various training camps and competitions for water sport lovers. It is also an ideal picnic spot for all age groups. Mudaliar Kuppam is a small village known for its calm and picturesque surroundings with backwaters and sand dunes. Boating, fishing and other water sports are some of the major activities around the area. There is a boat festival conducted by the TTDC to promote water sports in the state. There is also a beach island which can be reached after a 15 to 20 minute boat ride from Mudaliar Kuppam Boat House.

The two boat houses are being operated and maintained by TTDC. Improvements in the boat houses are necessary to attract more tourists and generate more revenue. It is learnt that there are inadequate tourist support infrastructure facilities and lacking in additional physical infrastructure facilities like motor boats, waiting room, jetties, restaurants etc in the boat house areas. TTDC is facing difficult to handle large number of tourists during weekends and during festival seasons.

(i) construction of entrance arch with security cabin, road, parking lot, office, toilets and reverse osmosis drinking water plant; (ii) repair/renovation to existing buildings, signage and landscaping; and (iii) procurement of boats and equipment .

v. Infrastructure development works at 6 different temples

A cluster of nine temples, referred to as the Navagraha temples, bear the common thread of their

There is a demand from temple administrators to add tourist support infrastructure

(i) construction of parking lots and accommodation

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Components

in Thanjavur District; association with the nine celestial bodies referred to in Indian astrological beliefs. All of them are located within a 60-kilometre radius around Kumbakonam in Thanjavur district. These temples have high potential to attract pilgrim tourists across India and also international tourists for its Cultural Heritage.

facilities such as clean drinking water supply, public toilets, parking and bins for solid wastes.

facilities; (ii) improvement of temple bathing tanks and existing facilities; (iii) provision of drinking water, toilets, waste bins, compost pits, lights, electrical wiring, signage, landscaping, solar systems, an escalator (at Swamimalai temple only); and (iv) construction of pilgrims‘ rest sheds, information centres and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) / stone / corrugated sheets covered pilgrim pathways.

vi. Infrastructure development works at Thirvengadu Temple, Vaitheeswaran and Keelaperumpallam temples in Nagapattinam District;

Swetharanyeswarar Temple located in the town of Thiruvenkadu The temple is quite large and especially known for its unique incarnate of Lord Shiva called "Agora Murthi". Thiruvengadu village is also famous for its unique structure of pools in temples.

There is a demand from temple administrators to add tourist support infrastructure facilities such as clean drinking water supply, public toilets, parking and bins for solid wastes.

(i) construction of rest sheds, accommodation facilities and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) covered pathways, (ii) provision of high mast lights, electrical wiring, signage, solar systems, bins, landscaping, toilets and drinking water facilities; and (iii) improvement of temple bathing tanks and facilities.

vii. Infrastructure Development of Alangudi Temple Area in Thiruvarur District;

Abadhsagayeswaraswamy Temple is one of the Navagraha temples. This is regarded as a 'Gurustalam' where Dakshinamurthy is held in great reverence, attracting huge crowds, particularly on the day of Jupiter‘s transit to the next sign, to solicit Jupiter‘s protection from afflictions.

There is a demand from temple administrators to add tourist support infrastructure facilities such as clean drinking water supply, public toilets, parking and bins for solid wastes.

(i) construction of parking lot, dormitory block, toilets and bathrooms, rest sheds; (ii) Improvements to the moat around the temple complex, including development of retaining walls, on three sides; strengthening of existing road; and (iii) provision of lights, signage and

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Components

bins.

viii. Improvement to Poompuhar tourist area in Nagapattinam District; and

Poompuhar, also called "Kaveripoompattinam" is an ancient historic town situated in Sirkali Taluk (also spelt as Taluka) of Nagapattinam District, It was once a major port during the reign of Cholas. A beach and calm water offer good bathing. TTDC offers shell-shaped cottages to tourists at a moderate tariff.

The site is presented mainly as a leisure and recreation center with minimal interpretation of the values. The development done in past are not up to the standard and not matching with the surroundings/context. Also the development works are done in haphazard manner. The site has lot of potential for development, it is still underdeveloped. The basic infrastructural facilities are lacking. The site requires landscaping, improved access, parking, lighting, walkways, drinking water facilities, development works at Kalaikoodam. Development of Ilanji Mandram with landscaping is required.

(i) construction of parking lot and walkway, theatre, water tank, 1 deep tubewell, pump rooms and pipeline, and (ii) lighting, signage, landscaping, fencing, handrails.

ix. Improvement to Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex, Mamallapuram in Kanchipuram District.

This is a government run hotel and has one of the better location among Mamallapuram budget resorts. The beach adjoining the resort is relatively quiet and calm which attracts thousands of tourists all through the year.

Assessment shows that there are (i) inadequate tourist infrastructure facilities such as interpretation centre and (ii) lacking basic physical infrastructure facilities such as drinking water supply and sanitation facilities, parking, solid waste bins.

(i) upgrade of entrance gate with landscaping and illumination; (ii) fencing facing the East Coastal Road; and (iii) provision of drinking water (reverse osmosis plant)

B. Implementation Schedule

16. Detailed design will begin by 2012 and is expected to be completed in 9 months. A total of 18 months construction period is being considered.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile – Tamil Nadu

1. Physical Characteristics

17. Administrative Boundaries. Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of the Indian peninsula is, spread over 130,058 square kilometres (sq km). It lies between 80 5" to 13 0 35" N and 76 0 15" to 80 0 20" E and accounts for about 4% of the total area of the country. It is divided into 29 administrative districts, which in turn are further bifurcated into smaller divisions and sub-divisions, including a total of 16,317 villages. The state capital, Madras now renamed, as Chennai is the fourth largest city in the Indian subcontinent and 30th largest city in the world. It extends over an area of 174 sq km.

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18. Topography and Soils. The topography of Tamil Nadu broadly consists of the coastal plains in the east; uplands and hills as one proceeds westwards; the plains account for more than half the area of the state. Soils are classified in to six orders, 12 sub-orders, 20 great groups, 44 subgroups and 94 soil families in the hierarchy. The six orders are Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols. Inceptisols cover about 50% of the state‘s total geographical area followed by Alfisols (30%), Vertisols (7%), Entisols (6%), Ultisols (1%) and negligible area by Mollisols. About 5% of the area are miscellaneous land types, which include rocklands, marshes, urban areas and water bodies. 19. Climate. Barring the hills, the climate of Tamil Nadu can be classified as semi–arid tropic monsoonic. The maximum temperature in the plains is about 45°C in the summer and the minimum goes to about 10°C during the winter; the normal rainfall in the state is about 950 mm with an average number of 50 rainy days. The relative humidity is quite high for most part of the year especially from June to December. The maximum humidity recorded is during northeast monsoons. The minimum humidity occurs during the summer months. Between October and December, when north - east monsoon sets in, winds blow from north and northwest towards the east. In January and February, winds blow steadily from northeast, occasionally from the north and northwest. Between June and September, the winds reverse their direction and blow mostly from southwest. The maximum monthly wind speeds vary from 7 to 19 km/hour. 20. Hydrogeology. Tamil Nadu is water deficient state despite receiving approximately 950 mm of rainfall per year. Tamil Nadu has number of seasonal rivers; the, surface water resources are almost fully harnessed by impounding the available water in 61 major reservoirs and also in 39,202 big and small tanks. As per the estimates, 60% of the ground water resources have also been utilized. The groundwater tends to be brackish due to seawater intrusion. 21. River Cauvery is a major river in Tamil Nadu, which drains more than one third of the State. The quality of water is monitored by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board in 16 places along the river. The overall analysis of the data reveals that the faecal contamination all along the course of the river basin due to unhygienic anthropogenic activities and disposal of either untreated or partially treated municipal waste water into the river system directly or indirectly. It is observed that the water quality of River Cauvery meet the standards prescribed for surface water criteria under class ‗C‘ for all parameters except the parameters of total coliform.

2. Ecological Resources 22. The Forest department in Tamil Nadu is custodian of 22,845 sq km of forest land, which constitute 17.56% of the geographical area as against 33% targeted under the National Forest Policy, 1988. Nearly half of the forest area is subjected to heavy degradation on account of biotic pressure. The Nilgiris district has about 56.3% of the total area as forests followed by Dharmapuri with 38.0%. Dharmapuri, Erode, Vellore, Coimbatore, Thiruvannamalai, The Nilgiris, Dindigul, Salem, Thirunelveli and Theni Districts account for 79.8% of the total forest area of the state. Tamil Nadu is extremely rich in biodiversity but adequate attention has not been paid in the past to assess it effectively; as a result many species have become endangered. 23. Tamil Nadu has the distinction of a wide range of habitats in different sanctuaries, national parks and tiger reserves. The habitats extend all over the state. Most of the important mammals of india are found here. Among the rare and endangered animal species are the elephant, tiger, leopard, wilddog, striped hyena, jungle cats, jackals, indian pengolin, slender

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lories, lion tailed macaque, sloth bear, bison or gaur, blackbuck, nilgiris taur, grizzled giant squirrel dugong and mouse deer. 24. Tamil Nadu has also the unique distinction of having a marine biosphere reserve viz., the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve and also a hill biosphere reserve, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. It is noteworthy that the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is not only the first to be set up in India under the Man and Biosphere Programme, but also the only Indian biosphere reserve that has been included in UNESCO‘s global network of biosphere reserves. Table 3 provides a summary of protected areas in Tamil Nadu.

Table 3: List of Protected Areas in Tamil Nadu Wildlife Sanctuary Bird Sanctuary National Park

Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Vedanthangal Birds Sanctuary Mudumalai National Park

Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary Karikili Birds Sanctuary Indira Gandhi National Park

Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary Pulicat Lake Birds Sanctuary Mukurthi National Park

Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary Vettangudi birds Sanctuary Guindy National Park

Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary Kanjirankulam Birds Sanctuary Gulf of Mannar Marine Park (21 Islands)

Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary Chitrangudi Birds Sanctuary

Vallanadu Black Buck Sanctuary Udayamarthandpuram Birds Sanctuary

Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary Vaduvoor birds Sanctuary

Kunthankulam-Kadankulam Birds Sanctuary

Karaivetti Birds Sanctuary

Vellode Birds Sanctuary

Melaselvanur-Kilaselvanur Birds Sanctuary

25. The long coastline of over 1,000 kilometers forms a major natural resource with immense value for commercial, recreational and aesthetic purposes. The coastal stretch contains part of Chennai Metropolitan area, four municipal towns of Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Thoothukudi, Colachel and 21 town Panchayats/Townships. There are 30 village Panchayats and 13 villages along the coast notified by the MoEF, Government of India as Coastal Regulations Zone3. For regulating the development activities, the coastal stretches within 500 m of High Tide Line of the land ward side are classified into four categories of Coastal Regulation Zone. The ecologically sensitive areas along the East Coast are the (i) mangrove forest area of Pichavaram near Parangipettai (Porto Novo), (ii) bird sanctuary and wildlife and forest conservation zone near Point Calimere, (iii) oyster beds near Point Calimere, (iv) coral reef near Mandapam, (v) shell fishing area within Tuticorin harbour, (vi) sanctuary for coastal fauna at Kurusadai island, (vii) sponge beds at Manoli and PuttiIslands, and (viii) windowpane shell fisheries at point Calimere. 26. Wetlands are transitional zones that occupy an intermediate position between dry land and open water in Tamil Nadu. This term encompasses a diverse and heterogeneous assemblage of habitats ranging from rivers, flood plains and rainfed lakes to mangrove swamps,

3 MoEF has constituted the Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority (TNCZMA), the Chennai Metropolitan

Coastal Zone Authority (CMCZA), and District Coastal Zone Management Committee (DCZMC). The TNCZMA meets regularly to discuss the measures to be taken in the coastal area, for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environmental and preventing and abating and controlling environmental pollution in the coastal area of Tamil Nadu. The chairman of the authority is the Secretary to Government, MoEF and the Member Secretary is the Director, Department of Environment.

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estuaries and salt marshes. Important wetlands in Tamil Nadu include Kazhuveli tank and Pulicat lake.

3. Socio-Economic Profile 27. Land Use. The geographical area of Tamil Nadu is 13 million ha. According to professional survey and also village records, the land use pattern during 2000-2001 is indicated in Table 3. Analyzing the land use pattern of the state, it is found that 43% of Tamil Nadu‘s geographical area is under agriculture with a per capita figure of 0.0982 hectare (ha) of agricultural land. While agriculture and allied sectors account for nearly 62% of the total employment of the state, their contribution to economy is only 22%. The horticulture and plantation crops occupy a total of 753,985 ha of area.

Table 4: Land Use Pattern in Tamil Nadu (2000 to 2001) 1. Forests 2,133,654

2. Barren and Unculturable lands 475,850

3. Land put to Non-agricultural uses 1,978,320

4. Culturable Waste 348,640

5. Permanent Pastures and other grazing lands 122,585

6. Land under Misc. tree crops and groves not included in the Net area 242,990

7. Current fallow lands 1,085,385

8. Other fallow lands 1,139,522

9. Net area sown 5,464,376

28. Population. The total population of Tamil Nadu is 62,110,839 as per the provisional results of the Census of India 2001. In terms of population, it holds the sixth position among the States and Union territories in the country. Tamil Nadu is not only one of the most populous states of India but also densely populated. Density of population in Tamil Nadu is 478 persons per sq km whereas the national average is 324 persons per sq km. 29. The sex ratio (i.e., the number of females per thousand males) of population in the State has improved from 974 in the previous census to 986 in the present census. The literacy rate in the State has shown remarkable improvement. This has increased to 73.47% (40,624,398 persons) when compared to 62.66% ten years back during 1991 Census. 30. Agriculture. Tamil Nadu is gifted with 33 river basins, the largest one‘s being, Cauvery, Pennaiaru, Vaigai and Tamaraparani. Of the total area in the state, 59.2% is under cultivation (not including forestlands). Rice and various pulses are grown extensively here. The annual food grain production exceeds 10 million tonnes, with rice alone contributing average 8 million tonnes. The main cash crops grown in the state are sugarcane, tobacco, chillies, and cotton, giving rich scope for the growth and development of the sugar, alcohol-based and textile industries. Other state-sponsored schemes include the large-scale cultivation of spices and oil seeds particularly groundnut, seasmum, castor and coconut. Sunflower has become increasingly popular in recent times. The diverse agro-ecological conditions also make this land ideal for growing fruits and vegetables. The state ranks first in the yield of mangoes and fourth in bananas and grapes. 31. Maritime Resources. Tamil Nadu has a long and glorious tradition of maritime activities. The tropical climate is conducive for the breeding varieties of fishes throughout the year. The total fish production in the inland fishing was 1.01 lakh tonnes during 1996-97. However the marine fish products were in the order of 3.56 lakh tonnes. Moreover, the potential for inland

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fishing has not been utilized completely; pollution of coastal water is resulting in decreased catch per unit effort. 32. Mineral Resources. Minerals like limestone, lignite, granite, clay, gypsum, feldspar and graphite found abundantly in Tamil Nadu. Besides these, small quantities of gold, copper, magnesite, kaolin, bauxite, asbestos, etc. are also found here. Many industrial units have been set up for optimum utilisation of these mineral resources. 33. Industries. Being one of the most industrialised states of the country, the growth of factories and the number of persons employed in the industrial sector is quite high. The government of tamil nadu has promoted more than 120 industrial parks/estates all over the state. Developed industrial plots endowed with sound infrastructure support like, water supply, electricity, road link, communication facilities etc. Besides social amenities are available to investors. Further, the state government provides an attractive package of incentives to investors locating their projects in these industrial estates/parks. 34. Infrastructure. Tamil Nadu is ranked third in terms of infrastructure development among Indian states. Fairly well developed infrastructure and comfortable power situation offer a significant competitive advantage to Tamil Nadu in attracting investments. In terms of power availability, Tamil Nadu is one of the few states which is fairly comfortably placed in the power availability front. The gap between energy demand - supply is lower than all India averages. It is worthwhile mentioning that the state has also made pioneering attempts to harness non-conventional sources of energy especially wind power. In terms of water availability, the totally dynamic ground water resource in Tamil Nadu is estimated to be around 27,346 million cubic meters per year. The government has recommended that 15% of this should be reserved for domestic user and a similar quantum for industrial use - leaving enough ground water reserves to meet any additional new demands. 35. Tamil Nadu ranks second in terms of transport network. Roads and rail account for the maximum percentage of carrying goods. The state has a high percentage of surfaced roads spanning more than 138,500 km (as high as 64%). National Highways of length of about 2,000 km run through the state ensuring easy, uninterrupted movement of goods and passengers. The efficient railway network accounts for a large share in movement of bulk cargo such as well as finished goods. At present, the railway route length in the state spans more than 41,000 km, the rail length per 1,000 sq km area is 30.91 as against all India average of 19.01 km. 36. Colleges and Institutions. There has been a rapid growth in the number of institutions imparting education at the college level. There are 19 universities; in addition, there are 102 engineering colleges, 135 polytechnics, 526 industrial institutes, 244 arts and science colleges, 27 colleges of education, 15 oriental colleges, 5 physical education colleges and 2 schools of social work. Of late, all universities offer courses in management science. Besides a host of other educational institutions. The total number of engineering graduates produced every year in different disciplines is well over 23,000. Apart from this, skilled labour produced is 65,000 every year. Hence, there is no shortage of skilled manpower. 37. Languages. The official languages spoken in the state is Tamil one of the oldest languages greatly influenced by its rich and colourful past. Concerted efforts have been made over the last decade or so to preserve the purity and identity of the Tamil language. Today, one can hear several languages such as Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and other Indian languages being spoken in the state. English is spoken with considerable fluency in most parts of the state.

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38. Culture and Tradition. Tamil Nadu has a legacy of ancient tradition and rich cultural heritage. Dance forms like Bharathanatyam and various forms of music, including carnatic music, have flourished here for centuries. The awe-inspiring sculptures at the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram and other similar art forms and sculptors found in the state date as far back as the 7th century AD famous temples, which still stand in all their pristine glory in several parts of this land, speak for themselves of the rich heritage of the Tamil people. Handicrafts include the most intricately carved designs in wood, stone and metal. The exquisitely carved Bronze and Tanjore plates deserve special mention. 39. Tourism. Growth in population has led to the enhanced growth in tourism. It is now considered to be one of the fastest growing industries in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is especially fortunate in having its ancient and rich heritage preserved, which serves as a main tourist attraction throughout the state. For centuries, pilgrims have traveled the roads of Tamil Nadu to visit famous shrines of saints. This tradition applies to all the religions in the state - Saivism, Vaisnavism, Christianity, Islam, and Jainism. B. Environmental Profile – Component Specific

40. Table 5 provides the environmental profile of the subproject sites.

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Table 5: Environmental Profile of the Tamil Nadu Subproject Sites

Subproject Description Proposed Components

Protected Area (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No);

Forest Area (Yes/No); Coastal Regulation Zone

(CRZ) Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information

Environmental Profile

(i) Development of ecotourism facilities at Pichavaram staging area in Cuddalore District;

With the advent of tourist flow, the Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) has announced this place as a tourist spot and listed it in state‘s tourist map from 1985 onwards. TTDC is maintaining cottages, dormitory and restaurant for tourists. About 500 tourists visit Pichavaram every day. This number increases to 1,000 per day during the rainy season. It is estimated that 200,000 tourists visit the site annually. The site comprises of 5 acre staging area on the mainland for boat trips into the forest area as well as three bungalows on a small area an island about 200 m opposite the staging area.

(i) refurbishment of existing tourist center, (ii) construction of community education centre for Mangrove Forest Interpretation and Education, and, (iii) repairs / reconstruction of parking lot, walkway, signage, landscaping, , and (iv) procurement of 10 motorized vessels.

Protected Area - No Archaeological Site - No Forest Area – No CRZ Area - No

The subproject site is located 3-5 km away from the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest The site is located on the area already developed by the TTDC and allocated by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department as part of tourist attractions. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the Pichavaram mangrove forest. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Sites are located in or immediately adjacent to habitats altered for human use (open yards, existing facilities, roadsides, pathways, etc.).

(ii) Conservation and restoration of important monuments at Tranquebar in Nagapattanam District;

Tranquebar was founded by the Danish East India Company in 1620, when a factory (commercial settlement) was opened and a fort, known as Fort Dansborg. It is now a museum maintained by the Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department.

(i) restoration of fort ramparts and development of an open air theatre within the fort; (ii) upgrading of museum and visitor amenities; and (iii) provision of bins, signage and landscaping, development of stone pitched walkway and restoration of water tank.

Protected Area – No Archaeological Site – Yes, state-level archaeological site Forest Area – No CRZ Area - No

No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (Bay of Bengal). Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by

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the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Improvements are designed to be consistent with state archaeological regulation. All construction work will be overseen by Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department to ensure high-quality work. The department was consulted throughout preparation of the subprojects and their view from the basis for all improvements.

(iii) Proposed Tourist support infrastructure in the gateway town at Thanjavur District;

Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian art and architecture and a gateway to the Great Living Chola Temples which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments. Thanjavur has few recreation spots namely, Sivaganga Park, Rajarajan Manimandapam and Tamil Conference Memorial Tower at the Tholkaappiar Square. The State and Central Governments are trying to promote infrastructure and tourism standards focusing on Thanjavur.

(i) Overhead signages (5 numbers)at entry point to Thanjavur town; (ii) upgrade of tourist information centre at Thanjavur Palace complex; (iii) refurbishment of the existing information centre; and (iv) interpretative material.

Protected Area – No Archaeological Site – No Forest Area – No CRZ Area – No

The works are small-scale and located away from sensitive buildings and sites. The site is about 1-2 km away from UNESCO area. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. No works will be conducted near UNESCO sites.

(iv) Muttukadu and Mudaliarkuppam Boat Area Improvement in Kachipuram District;

Muttukadu is famous for its backwater sports activities like boating and windsurfing (during the month of February). The Muttukadu Boat House comes up with various training camps and

(i) construction of entrance arch with security cabin, road, parking lot, office, toilets and reverse osmosis drinking water plant; (ii) repair/renovation to existing buildings, signage

Protected Area – No Archaeological Site – No Forest Area – No CRZ Area – Yes; categorized

The subproject sites are existing TTDC facilities thus the site is already a developed area with no land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in

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competitions for water sport lovers. It is also an ideal picnic spot for all age groups. Mudaliar Kuppam is a small village known for its calm and picturesque surroundings with backwaters and sand dunes. Boating, fishing and other water sports are some of the major activities around the area. There is a boat festival conducted by the TTDC to promote water sports in the state. There is also a beach island which can be reached after a 15 to 20 minute boat ride from Mudaliar Kuppam Boat House.

and landscaping; and (iii) procurement of boats and equipment .

as CRZ III (areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either Category I or II. These will include coastal zone in the areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up.)

developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Sites are located in or immediately adjacent to habitats altered for human use (open yards, existing facilities, roadsides, pathways, etc.). Civil works are limited on existing structures and boat houses. No new facilities/infrastructure will be constructed on waterbodies.

(v) Infrastructure development works at 6 different temples in Thanjavur District;

A cluster of nine temples, referred to as the Navagraha temples, bear the common thread of their association with the nine celestial bodies referred to in Indian astrological beliefs. All of them are located within a 60-kilometre radius around Kumbakonam in Thanjavur district. These temples have high potential to attract pilgrim tourists across India and also international tourists for its Cultural Heritage.

(i) construction of parking lots and accommodation facilities; (ii) improvement of temple bathing tanks and existing facilities; (iii) provision of drinking water, toilets, waste bins, compost pits, lights, electrical wiring, signage, landscaping, solar systems, an escalator (at Swamimalai temple only); and (iv) construction of pilgrims‘ rest sheds, information centres and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) / stone / corrugated sheets covered pilgrim pathways.


Flora and fauna in the sites are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Sites are located in or immediately adjacent to habitats altered for human use (open yards, existing facilities, roadsides, pathways, etc.).

(vi) Infrastructure development works at

Swetharanyeswarar Temple located in the town of

(i) construction of rest sheds, accommodation facilities and

Protected Area – No

The components are proposed in the surrounding

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Thirvengadu Temple, Vaitheeswaran and Keelaperumpallam temples in Nagapattinam District;

Thiruvenkadu The temple is quite large and especially known for its unique incarnate of Lord Shiva called "Agora Murthi". Thiruvengadu village is also famous for its unique structure of pools in temples.

reinforced cement concrete (RCC) covered pathways, (ii) provision of high mast lights, electrical wiring, signage, solar systems, bins, landscaping, toilets and drinking water facilities; and (iii) improvement of temple bathing tanks and facilities.

Archaeological Site – No Forest Area – No CRZ Area - No

areas of the temples and not located in or adjacent to structures. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Sites are located in or immediately adjacent to habitats altered for human use (open yards, existing facilities, roadsides, pathways, etc.).

(vii) Infrastructure Development of Alangudi Temple Area in Thiruvarur District;

Abadhsagayeswaraswamy Temple is one of the Navagraha temples. This is regarded as a 'Gurustalam' where Dakshinamurthy is held in great reverence, attracting huge crowds, particularly on the day of Jupiter‘s transit to the next sign, to solicit Jupiter‘s protection from afflictions.

(i) construction of parking lot, dormitory block, toilets and bathrooms, rest sheds; (ii) Improvements to the moat around the temple complex, including development of retaining walls, on three sides; strengthening of existing road; and (iii) provision of lights, signage and bins.


Works are not proposed on the temple structure. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No natural or critical habitats being impacted by the subproject and no loss of biodiversity. Sites are located in or immediately adjacent to habitats altered for human use (open yards, existing facilities, roadsides, pathways, etc.).

(viii) Improvement to Poompuhar tourist area in Nagapattinam District; and

Poompuhar, also called "Kaveripoompattinam" is an ancient historic town situated in Sirkali Taluk (also spelt as Taluka) of Nagapattinam District, It was once a major port during the reign of

(i) construction of parking lot and walkway, theatre, water tank, 1 deep tubewell, pump rooms and pipeline, and (ii) lighting, signage, landscaping, fencing, handrails.

Protected Area – No Archaeological Site – No Forest Area – No CRZ Area – Yes

The works are not proposed on any sensitive structures or sites and are located in surrounding urban area. The subproject sites will be on built up area with existing infrastructure and

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Cholas. A beach and calm water offer good bathing. TTDC offers shell-shaped cottages to tourists at a moderate tariff.

Categorized as CRZ-III government-owned land. No land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (Bay of Bengal). The project is consistent with the CRZ rules.

(ix) Improvement to Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex, Mamallapuram in Kanchipuram District.

This is a government run hotel and has one of the better location among Mamallapuram budget resorts. The beach adjoining the resort is relatively quiet and calm which attracts thousands of tourists all through the year.

(i) upgrade of entrance gate with landscaping and illumination; (ii) fencing facing the East Coastal Road; and (iii) provision of drinking water (reverse osmosis plant)

Protected Area – No Archaeological Site – No Forest Area – No CRZ Area – Yes; categorized as CRZ III

The subproject sites will be on built up area with existing infrastructure and government-owned land. No land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (Bay of Bengal).

Notes: Protected Area includes wildlife sanctuary, bird sanctuary, or national park; CRZ = Coastal Regulation Zone; TTDC = Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

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IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

41. The assessment for each of the subprojects has been carried out for potential impacts during the following stages of the project planning and implementation:

(i) Location impacts. Impacts associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities;

(ii) Design impacts. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations, discharge standards, etc.;

(iii) Construction impacts. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc.; and

(iv) O&M impacts. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project.

42. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Urban Development was used during preparation of this IEE to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and categorization of the project (Appendix 2). Table 6 provides the potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures including the responsibilities for implementing the same. Subproject components assessed to have similar impacts (e.g. intervention in temple complexes) are grouped together. A. Location Impacts

43. Land Acquisition and Resettlement. The proposed subproject locations are within the lands available with the government. There are no impacts envisaged on land acquisition or resettlement due to the proposed subproject components. 44. Site Selection. The locations considered for the subproject are within the areas designated for eco-tourism as part of developing Tamil Nadu‘s conservation, heritage, natural and cultural attractions, and are outside areas demarcated for habitat protection and conservation. The proposed infrastructures will not impact any environmentally-sensitive or protected areas however will require adequate provisions to minimize falling of trees and minimize cutting of slopes. The proposed development in temple complexes will be on the existing infrastructures that been developed and used already. Parking and connectivity improvements are proposed within available government lands and right-of-ways. No structural modifications are proposed in state-protected archaeological sites; to ensure that any location impacts due to the siting of the proposed tourist infrastructures in the periphery of the forts, an archaeological survey will be carried out prior to finalization of the detailed designs for the parking and interpretation facility. All designs will be reviewed by Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology and contractors will be selected from the approved Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology certified contractor list indicating those firms with proven track records on previous archaeological sites. 45. Priority is to locate construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas near the subproject sites. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near the sensitive area like the

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Pichavaram mangrove forest. All locations will be included in the design specifications and on plan drawings. B. Design Impacts and Pre-Construction Impacts

46. Impacts arising from the inappropriate designs of proposed facilities would in general include the inadequate drainage provisions, contemporary designs for the traditional and cultural environment, etc. Selection of materials, if not carefully chosen, will adversely impact the aesthetic appeal of the surroundings. The results of interventions are unobtrusive and will be integral part of the overall ambience so as to avoid impacts on the aesthetics of the site. Structural designs to be worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and concrete structures are avoided. All detailed designs for the ancient temples will be reviewed by Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology and contractors will be selected from the approved Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology certified contractor list indicating those firms with proven track records on previous Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology sites. 47. All component designs will be worked out to minimize any impacts on the adjoining properties, and considering the drainage and sewerage connections on the road. Given that the there is a need for disposal of construction wastes, the contractors will be required to consult with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Panchayat offices, and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for safe disposal sites. 48. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing right-of-way (ROW) may be damaged. The mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) and PIU will:

(i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and

(ii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

C. Construction Impacts

49. The impacts are generic to the construction activities in all subproject locations. All construction activities to be undertaken at the site will be approved by competent authority before start of any such activity in the vicinity of the site so that the history and sanctity as well as the usability of the site by the projected number of tourists are not hampered. Hence, the EMP emphasizes on the construction impacts and necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the DSC. Key impacts during construction, in addition to those pertaining to the direct impacts on the archaeological monument are envisaged on the following aspects: (i) drainage, (ii) quarry/borrow pit operations, (iii) water bodies and drainage courses (iv) dust generation, air and noise from construction activities, (v) handling of construction materials at site, (vi) adoption of safety measures during construction; and (vii) community health and safety. D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts

50. The impacts pertaining to regulation of tourist movements, etc. will be addressed through an assessment of potential for sustainable ecotourism development. Planning of the extent of facilities and infrastructure in line with the carrying capacity as well as the involvement

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of the local communities in the operation and management of the tourism facilities created in the project will address the operation stage impacts. Other impacts during operation of the tourism assets created in the project will be due to lack of appropriate maintenance of various tourist facilities created including toilets, parking facilities, and solid waste management of the tourist destinations. These impacts are proposed to be addressed through participation of the communities in management and operation of such facilities. The participation of the local communities will include but not limited to management of operation of boating and recreational facilities, parking areas, collection of wastes, operation of toilet facilities, timely clean up of waste disposed by the tourists and aesthetics through appropriate maintenance of landscaping. 51. The improved tourist facilities will greatly improve the environmental quality in and around the destinations and enhance the attractiveness of these destinations, While the enhanced tourist generation due to these improvements may not be significant, the facilities will enhance the site experience of tourists and pilgrims. The project will facilitate environmental improvements through the provision of training to operators for all sanitation and solid waste facilities provided by the Project, in order to sustain any improvements made. E. Cumulative Impact Assessment

52. The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the subproject‘s residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures have been applied) and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable future projects or activities. 53. Two boundaries, spatial and temporal, were used. Spatial boundary refers to the area immediately surrounding the subproject location; while the temporal area considers the potential cumulative effects associated with subproject construction, and operation and maintenance, and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the subproject. For the subproject, the spatial boundary is the area of the subprojects including existing ROWs. The temporal boundary can be considered as the districts where the subproject sites are located. 54. The subproject‘s potential cumulative effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs), identified in the IEE as air quality, noise, surface water quality, geophysical (hydrogeological), traffic management, social-economic and socio-community, and human health. The cumulative impacts were assessed in four areas:

(i) Of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time; (ii) Consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified

study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the subproject; (iii) Potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments, even if

not directly related to the proposed project; and (iv) Future developments that is reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to

proceed.

55. Air quality effects will occur during construction. Consequently, although emissions of common air contaminants (CAC) and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites, this impact will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the alignment. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, land filling of residual wastes). Given the subproject‘s relatively minor contribution to CAC and GHG

22

emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered to be negligible during construction. 56. Noise levels in the immediate proximity of most work sites are expected to increase during construction. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure represents temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely, there may annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the subproject operations will be largely imperceptible as civil works will be confined in relatively small sites within the district proper. 57. Since the subprojects will be built in existing infrastructures, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. However, traffic management concerns will occur spatially during construction. Site-specific mitigation measures will be implemented during construction to address temporary disruptions to land use, limitations on access to roads, sidewalk closures, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of construction–related traffic. There should be improved traffic movement along the alignment once construction is completed. During operations of the improved infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial and business facilities and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance the subproject area. This can be considered a long-term cumulative benefit of the subproject. 58. Adverse impacts such as localized disruption of vehicle traffic and pedestrian movements in areas along the alignment, and elevated CAC and fugitive dust emissions in proximity to work sites, elevated noise and vibration levels and visual impacts will occur during construction. These short-term effects will be mitigated by providing alternate travel routes or alternating traffic movements and, where possible, access to businesses, schools and residences. However, upon completion of construction the socio-community will benefit from improved tourism infrastructure. This is considered a long-term cumulative benefit. 59. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of subproject construction or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels and fugitive dust and CAC emissions will occur in proximity to subproject work sites during construction, due to their short-term, localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. The subproject operations will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of tourism in Tamil Nadu. F. Package Specific EMPs

60. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will ensure negative environmental impacts during implementation are mitigated. During the detailed design stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages will be prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract. A template has been attached as Appendix 3.

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Table 5: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

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Mitigation Measures Responsibility

Location Impacts

1.1 Location impacts pertain to siting of facilities and improvements within the boundaries of the coastal regulated zones and temple monument complex and other cultural heritage destinations

Permanent Moderate Location of the subprojects within coastal areas will be finalized in conformity to the provisions in the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification. The proposed interventions will be mapped onto the CRZ zones, to ensure that there is conformity with the notification. Siting of the components and planning of construction activities will be worked out to avoid sensitive ecological and cultural resource areas. Within radii of 100m and 300m from the ―protected property‖ are designated as ―protected area‖ and ―controlled area‖ respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the ―protected area‖ and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the ―controlled area‖ without prior permission of the (Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Along other significant tourist destinations, the siting of components will be in line with the master plan for the respective destination. All construction activities will minimize the clearance of trees wherever practicable.

PIU/DSC

1.2 Impacts on Permanent Major An archaeological survey by the Tamil PIU/DSC

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archaeological remains, if any, due to siting of project components in and around the protected monuments.

Nadu Department of Archaeology will be carried out at the proposed site, to confirm non-existence of any remains, in the proposed site. In the event of the survey indicating any presence of archaeological remains, an alternative location will be identified in the vicinity, or the design of the proposed facility be modified to ensure no impact on the archaeological remains. Construction and excavation activities in prohibited and protected areas around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology monument will be undertaken only after obtaining the necessary permits and clearances in accordance with the terms and conditions of a license granted under rule 13 of the Archaeological rules.

1.3 Lack of sufficient planning to assure long term sustainability of the improvements and ensure protection of the assets created and the architectural character of the surroundings.

Permanent Major In accordance with the provisions in the subproject selection criteria, the subproject design will include adequate provisions for ensuring effective maintenance and protection of the assets created so as to ensure the long term sustainability of the sites. The designs will be worked out and implemented in accordance with the provisions. Further, the design guidelines for the project components will strictly conform to Tamil Nadu architecture.

PIU/DSC

2. Design and pre-

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construction Impacts

2.1 Layout of components to avoid impacts on sensitive areas

Permanent Major The project components (location of tourist information centre, parking, road alignment, locations where the toilet blocks, provision of water supply to tourists, parking, footpaths, signage, etc.) siting will avoid impacts on the coastal areas, mangrove areas, and temples/monument. Access roads to the construction sites will be worked out to ensure minimal impacts.

PIU/DSC/ Contractor

2.2 Increased storm water runoff from alterations of the site‘s natural drainage patterns due to landscaping, excavation works in the periphery of the mangrove forest, boat areas, construction of parking lots, and addition of paved surfaces.

Permanent

Moderate Design of proposed components will enable efficient drainage of the sites and maintain natural drainage patterns.

PIU/DSC

2.3 In areas of shallow water table, ensure that the septic tanks developed, do not impact the ground water quality

Permanent Moderate At locations with shallow water table, the design of the septic tanks will be done to ensure that there is a difference of at least 1.5m between the bottom bed of the septic tank and the maximum ground water level, to avoid any contamination of ground water.

PIU/DSC

2.4 Selection of materials and construction technologies, if not

Permanent Moderate Designs to be worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and concrete structures are avoided. The design brief

PIU/DSC

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carefully chosen, will adversely impact the aesthetic appeal of the destinations

for all components proposed will strictly conform to the Tamil Nadu architecture. The usage of heavy construction machinery within the existing premises will be disallowed, except for handheld equipments, if necessary. Any new landscaping elements will only utilize native species to protect local biodiversity

2.5 Integration of energy efficiency and energy conservation programs in design of subproject components

Permanent Low The detailed designs for the subproject components will ensure that energy efficiency

PIU/DSC

3 Pre-construction Activities by Contractor

3.1 Construction Camps – Location, Selection, Design and Layout

Temporary Moderate The construction camps will be located at least 1,000 m (1 km) away from eco-sensitive zones (Pichavaram mangrove forest and Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology temples) and 500 m away from settlements. The construction camps including sanitation facilities, shelter, canteen, first aid, health care, day crèche facilities must be adequately drained, and must not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control measures. The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will

Contractor/ DSC

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not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water is adequately drained and stagnation is avoided from becoming a nuisance.

3.2 Defining of construction/work areas on ground, for activities within 200m to 500m of the High Tide Line in CRZ-III areas and archaeological monuments

Temporary Moderate Construction work area will be demarcated on ground. Free-standing fencing will be erected in advance of construction works to protect the Monuments and known archaeological features near to the construction footprint and any working areas. No construction works, storage of materials be allowed within 100 m of the boundaries of such protected/sensitive areas. Planning of works to ensure that no entry will be allowed by employees/construction/site workers to the protected areas during the construction period to limit disturbance impacts on the associated habitats and fauna. Monuments /archaeological remains will be avoided during construction works by marking out the areas on ground.

Contractor/ DSC

3.3 Circulation plan during construction in the tourist destinations and temples

Temporary Moderate Prior to commencement of site activities and mobilization on ground, the Contractor will prepare and get approved by the Engineer, circulation plan during construction for safe passage of

Contractor/ DSC/PIU

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tourists/pilgrims during construction stage, including development of alternative access routes, traffic regulations, signages, etc., during construction. The Contractor with support of the PIU will carry out dissemination of these information and circulation plan at key entry points to the respective destinations.

3.4 Site clearance activities, including delineation of construction areas

Temporary Moderate The commencement of site clearance activities will be undertaken with due permission from the Environment Specialist of the DSC consultant to minimize environmental impacts. All areas used for temporary construction operations will be subject to complete restoration to their former condition with appropriate rehabilitation procedures.

Contractor/ DSC

3.5 Drinking water availability and water arrangement

Temporary Major The contractor will be responsible for arrangement of water in every workplace at suitable and easily accessible place for the whole construction period. Sufficient supply of cold potable water to be provided and maintained. If the drinking water is obtained from an intermittent public water supply then, storage tanks will be provided.

Contractor/ DSC

3.6 Identification of disposal sites

Permanent Major Location of disposal sites will be finalized by the Environmental Specialist of the DSC and he/she will confirm that: disposal of the material does not impact

Contractor/ DSC

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natural drainage courses or surface water bodies or low lying areas and that no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such materials

3.7 Ensure waste management is addressed in design

Temporary Major Environmental specialist to work with local body to design improved waste management plan for site.

4 Construction Impacts

4.1 Improper stockpiling of construction materials cause impacts starting from obstruction of drainage, disturbance/ safety hazard to tourists, etc.

Temporary Moderate Due consideration will be given for material storage and construction sites such that it doesn‘t cause any hindrance to tourists movement within the site. Stockpiles will be covered to protect from dust and erosion.

Contractor/ DSC

4.2 Quarry / Borrow pits Operations

Permanent Moderate Adequate safety precautions will be ensured during transportation of quarry material from quarries to the construction site. Vehicles transporting the material will be covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by the contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the Engineer.

Contractor/ DSC

4.3 Stripping, stocking and preservation of top soil

Permanent Moderate The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of cutting and areas to be permanently covered (proposed site for information centre and other tourism infrastructure and from the road alignment) will be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm, translocated and stored in stockpiles. The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to

Contractor/ DSC

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horizontal). Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes.

4.4 Soil Erosion Temporary Moderate The work will consist of measures as per design, or as directed by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution.

Contractor/ DSC

4.5 Soil and Water Pollution due to fuel and lubricants, construction waste

Temporary Moderate The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area will be stationed such that water discharge does not drain into the water body. Soil and water pollution parameters will be monitored as per monitoring plan.

Contractor/ DSC

4.6 Siltation of water bodies due to spillage of construction wastes

Temporary Moderate Silt fencing to be provided at all water bodies near construction sites to prevent sediments from the construction site to enter into the watercourses. The number of units of silt fencing to be installed is to be decided by the engineer. Haul roads on the site and approaches to the watercourse (or drains leading to watercourses) will be regularly cleaned to prevent the buildup of mud; areas of bare soil will be kept to a practical minimum to reduce silt runoff. No disposal of

Contractor/ DSC

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construction wastes will be carried out into the river. Extraneous construction wastes will be transported to the pre-identified disposal site for safe disposal.

4.7 Generation of Dust Temporary Moderate The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the levels of dust at construction sites to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All earthwork to be protected/covered in a manner acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer to minimize dust generation. Clearance will be affected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces will be hosed or watered using necessary equipment.

Contractor/ DSC

4.8 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery

Temporary Moderate The discharge standards promulgated under the Environmental Protection Act, will be strictly adhered to. All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the relevant Standard. All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements.

Contractor/ DSC

4.9 Noise from construction Equipments

Temporary Moderate Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regular and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. All vehicles and equipment used for

Contractor/ DSC

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construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found to be defective will be replaced. Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A). Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) will comply with the relevant legislation for levels of noise emission.

4.10 Material Handling at Site Temporary Minor All workers employed on mixing asphaltic material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles. Workers, who are engaged in welding works, will be provided with welder‘s protective eye-shields. Workers engaged in stone breaking activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals. The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer‘s instructions. The Engineer will be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any

Contractor/ DSC

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chemical. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site will be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register will include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product.

4.11 Disposal of Construction Waste / Debris / Cut Material

Temporary Moderate Safe disposal of the bituminous wastes, extraneous material will be ensured in the pre-identified disposal locations. In no case, any construction waste will be disposed around the project road indiscriminately.

Contractor/ DSC

4.12 Safety Measures During Construction

Temporary Moderate Personal Protective Equipment for workers on the project and adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

Contractor/ DSC

4.13 Risk caused by Force Majure

Temporary Minor All reasonable precaution will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of work.

Contractor/ DSC

4.14 Malaria Risk Temporary Minor The Contractor will, at his own expense, Contractor/ DSC

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conform to all anti-malaria instructions given to him by the Engineer.

4.15 Religious Structures Temporary Major All necessary and adequate care will be taken to minimize impact on cultural properties. No work will spill over to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road will be maintained clear and clean. Contractors will be required to coordinates with the temples management for traffic and mobility plan during construction works. Activities will be kept to minimum during peak pilgrimage seasons. Directional signage and billboards specifying the on-going activities and schedules will be posted in conspicuous areas.

Contractor/ DSC

4.16 Chance finds of archaeological Property / remains

Temporary Moderate The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing and will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer‘s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work will be stopped 100 m all directions from the site of discovery. The Engineer will seek direction from Archaeologist at the Department of Archaeology before instructing the contractor to recommence work on the

Contractor/ DSC

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site.

4.17 Clearing of Construction of Camps & Restoration

Temporary Major Contractor to prepare site restoration plans for approval by the Engineer. The plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor‘s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer.

Contractor/ DSC

5 O&M Impacts

5.1 Environmental Conditions Temporary Moderate The tourism department / forest department will undertake seasonal monitoring of air, water, noise and soil quality through an approved monitoring agency. The parameters to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring as well as the locations to be monitored will be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared.

Tourism department

5.2 Uncontrolled tourism development can cause congestion, increased pollution, and deterioration of destinations. Over-commercialization of cultural traditions may degrade the natural and cultural identity of the site

Temporary Major While the environmental monitoring plan actions during the operation stage will result in monitoring of the environmental impacts after project implementation, the Master Plan will include apart from provision of development controls and regulations in the zone, measures for tourism planning for the key destinations. These plans will be implemented to avoid uncontrolled tourism development at

Tourism department with support from HR&CE department

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these locations.

5.3 Management of the toilet blocks

Temporary Moderate The tourism department HR&CE departmentwill carry out regular cleaning of the septic tanks to prevent any impacts, including pollution of ground water and nearby water courses. For increased volumes of wastewater generation will ensure proper and adequate treatment and disposal facilities.

Tourism and HR&CE department with participation by communities

5.4 Management of water quality of the tanks

5.5 Unhygienic condition due to poor maintenance of sanitation facilities and irregular solid waste collection in the project site necessitate regular maintenance of constructed infrastructure.

Temporary Moderate The Tourism department/ communities will carryout maintenance of the toilets, and carry out the regular collection of wastes, and will also ensure that: Sanitation improvements proposed do not result in pollution of groundwater. Sanitary facilities do not interfere with other utilities and block access to buildings, cause nuisance to neighboring areas. The transfer of waste will also ensure no spillage and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site.

Tourism department

5.6 Increased waste loads onto the existing waste disposal facilities (that are non conformant to the Government requirements for SWM)

Temporary Moderate In line with the Government targets of coverage of all urban and rural areas with environmentally safe solid waste management systems, the tourist destinations will be covered with integrated waste management facilities, including treatment and disposal, in line

Urban development department

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with the SWHR, the Government.

Table 6: Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance

Indicators Parameters to be

Monitored Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action

Construction Stage

Ambient air quality RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO

NAAQMS (2009) Once in a season (except monsoons) for the entire construction period

Contractor through approved Monitoring Agency

Stricter implementation of emission norms

Dust suppression No. of tankers for water sprinkling, Timing of sprinkling, Location of sprinkling

No dust rising from construction site, No dust rising from haul roads, Twice daily sprinkling

Random checks PIU through DSC Increase in frequency of water sprinkling

Surface and ground water quality

pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form

Designated best use parameters

Twice a year (pre monsoon and post monsoon) for the entire period of construction


Identify source of contamination and treat effluent before discharge into receiving waters. Instruct contractor against violation and in case of continued non compliance invoke penalty clauses

Silt runoff in water bodies

location of silt fencing

Locate while working close to water bodies

Throughout construction period

PIU through DSC

Working condition Maintain the geo textile free from clogging


PIU through DSC

Effluent discharge from construction camps

TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form

Discharge standards of CPCB for receiving waters



Ambient noise Equivalent Day & NANQS Once in a season Contractor through Identify noise source and strictly regulate

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Night Time Noise Levels

during construction stage

approved Monitoring Agency

noise emissions. In case of continued non-compliance invoke penalty clauses against contractor Machinery noise Noise dB(A) <75 dB(A) at 1m free

field from M/C Once in a season during construction stage


Noise from construction activities

Timings of construction

Only day time at settlements

Continuous PIU through DSC

OHS Management Plan

Plan covers all activities

Compliance with applicable labour laws

Continuous Contractor Identify non-compliance and modify plan

Supply of PPE provision of PPE on site, adequacy of equipment

Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure adequacy as per plan and instruct contractor to comply. In case of continued non-compliance, invoke penalty clauses Training in H&S No. of sessions

conducted, Percent attendance

Compliance with OHS Continuous

Establishing medical facilities

Installation of equipment specified in OHS Plan

Compliance with OHS Start of construction camp

Safety plan implementation

Reporting compliance Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure compliance as per plan and instruct contractor to comply. In case of continued non-compliance, invoke penalty clauses

OHS Implementation record

Site maintenance, Medical facilities maintenance, Training sessions

Compliance with OHS

Accident record No. of fatal accidents, No. of injuries, No. of disabilities

Compliance with OHS

Community Health and Safety plan


Dissemination of Community health issues

No of community health dissemination sessions, dissemination mechanisms

Compliance with OHS

Health records No. of recorded cases of community health as respiratory illness, HIV/STD,

Compliance with OHS

Operation stage

Wintering birds Total count Not to be lower than baseline

Once in a year (for 3 days in December)

PIU through Monitoring Agency

Seek inputs of biodiversity experts and undertake necessary measures for

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compared with the baseline data

improving upon the indicators.

Resident and breeding birds population

Point counts Not to be lower than baseline

Between February and may of every year

Habitat quality Shannon-weiner index

Not to be lower than baseline

Once in each season (sampling for 3 seasons during peak period of the respective season)

Fish diversity using catch per unit effort method

Catch per unit effort Not to be lower than baseline

Once in each season

Drainage effectiveness

Time required for draining

Within 30m of rainfall stopping

Thrice a year, before, during and after the monsoons

PIU Assess need for drainage improvements, and if required provide additional facilities as per design recommendations.

Water logging / flooding

No of locations, extent of retention

No waterlogging / flooding

Survival Rate Percent of No. of saplings survived, extent of growth

Survival rate > 75%, Normal

Twice a year for two years


Plant more trees to compensate for lower survival rates

Economic indicators

Income levels, livelihood options, especially on tourism

Equivalent to baseline conditions

Once a year, for five years from the completion of the project


Initiate detailed socio-economic studies. Identify reasons for economic decline and correlation with study interventions.

Notes: RPM = respirable particulate matter, SPM = suspended particulate matter; SO2 = sulphur dioxide; NOx = nitrogen oxides; CO = carbon monoxide; NAAQMS = National Ambient Air Quality Management Standards; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; DSC = Design and Supervision Consultant; BOD = biological oxygen demand; CPCB = Central Pollution Control Board; NANQS = National Ambient Noise Quality Standard; db(A) = decibel; OHS = Occupational Health and Safety; PPE = personal protection equipment; H&S = health and safety;

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V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Institutional Arrangements

61. The Government of Tamil Nadu through Department of Tourism and Culture (DOT&C), is the Executing Agency (EA). The EA (i) assumes overall responsibility for the execution of the Project and reporting; (ii) engage adequate permanent or fixed-term staff to implement the Project; (iii) setup a state-level project management unit (PMU) and project implementation units (PIU); (iv) provide overall strategic guidance on technical supervision and project execution; and (v) ensure overall compliance with the loan covenants. 62. The implementing agency (IA) is the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism (DoT). The IA‘s responsibilities include (i) project planning and budgeting; (ii) day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance for the project implementation units and their consultants; (iii) review subprojects for due diligence requirements and approve subproject proposals; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) review compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; and (vii) consolidate and submit progress reports, finance and accounting / audit reports, and matters requiring higher-level decision to state-level empowered committee (SLEC) and ADB.

1. Program Management

63. State Level Project Empowered Committees. An SLEC has been established in Tamil Nadu, chaired by each state‘s Chief Secretary, with Principal Secretary/Secretary of the Department of Tourism as member secretary and comprised of secretaries from relevant line departments.4 The SLEC have been empowered to take all decisions on behalf of the State and will (i) act as a policy making body, (ii) provide overall advice and guidance to the State‘s executing agency and PMU, and (iii) accord all approvals under the Project. 64. Project Management Unit. DoT has established a PMU, headed by a full-time program director (PD), and consisting of personnel drawn from relevant line departments and market. The PMU is the nodal agency for overall management of all program activities and will be responsible for: (i) project planning and budgeting; (ii) providing day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance for the PIUs and their consultants; (iii) reviewing subprojects to satisfy ADB‘s due diligence requirements and approving subproject proposals submitted by PIU and line departments; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) reviewing compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; (vii) consolidating and submitting progress reports, finance and accounting/audit reports, and matters requiring higher-level decision, to the SLEC and ADB. The PMU will be supported by a team of consultants. 65. Project Implementation Unit. The IA will have PIUs for the implementation and monitoring of subprojects, comprising of personnel drawn from relevant line departments and

4 The members of the Tamil Nadu SLEC will be: Chief Secretary, (chair); Principal Secretary/Secretary, Tourism and

Culture; Secretary, Department of Finance; Secretary, Planning and Special Initiatives; Secretary, Public Works Department; Secretary, Highways and Minor Ports; Secretary Forests and Environment; Secretary, Housing and Urban Development; Secretary, Municipal Administration, Water and Sanitation; Secretary, Rural Development; Secretary Power; Secretary, Revenue Department; Secretary, Department of Health and family Welfare; Secretary, Agriculture; Secretary, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE), Commissioner, Department of Archaeology; Secretary, Department of Transport; and Commissioner, Department of Tourism.

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outside of government (market) and each headed by a project manager. The PIUs will be responsible for: (i) prioritizing and preparing subproject proposals; (ii) providing day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance to the design and supervision consultants; (iii) conducting detailed assessments and surveys including public consultation and input from stakeholders; (iv) preparing detailed designs, specifications, schedule of quantity, bidding documents, and related documentation; (v) implementing civil works and related activities; (vi) reporting to PMU; (vii) preparing regular progress reports for the SLEC, the executing agency and ADB through PMU; and (viii) supervising construction, conducting quality control, approving progress payments to contractors; and (ix) maintaining records and accounts on an up-to-date basis and making these available to ADB, its missions, or auditors for inspection. 66. Project Management Consultants. The Project Management Consultants (PMC) will be engaged to provide support to the PMU in overall planning, risk management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects under the Investment Program. The PMC will also assist the PMU and PIUs in meeting the relevant requirements of ADB, Government of Tamil Nadu, and Government of India for project implementation. The PMC will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PMU. The scope of services of the PMCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) planning, reporting, and communication; (ii) establishment of procedures and systems; (iii) review and preparation of plans, manuals and reports; (iv) overall Investment Program management, monitoring and implementation of PPMS; and (v) social, environmental, archaeological, occupational health and safety, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring. 67. Design and Supervision Consultants. The DSCs will be engaged to provide all necessary support to and coordination with the EA, IAs, PMU and any other consultants engaged by the authorities to achieve the desired outcomes of the Investment Program. For Tamil Nadu, 2 DSC teams will be required. The DSCs will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PIUs. The scope of services of the DSCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) surveys, verification of feasibility studies and base maps; (ii) project planning and management support to the PIU; (iii) finalization of design criteria, preparation of manuals, guidelines and systems; (iv) preparation of detailed design and bid documents; (v) construction management and contract administration; (vi) environmental, social, archaeological, cultural heritage, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring; and (vii) capacity building of the service providers for operational sustainability.

2. Safeguards Management

68. An Environmental Staff is deputized to the PMU, and responsible for implementation of the environmental safeguard provisions. 69. Within the PMC team, a Safeguards Specialist provides overall direction for management of environmental and social issues, and provides technical support to the PMU including implementation of the environmental requirements, according to ADB requirements, and assists in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects. The responsibilities of the PMC Safeguards Specialist – Environment include but not limited to: (i) review the updated IEE prepared by the DSCs for Project 2 after the detailed designs, and guide the DSCs/PIUs to address observations from ADB on the IEEs/EMPs; (ii) ensure that the project design and specification adequately reflect the IEEs/EMP; (iii) support PMU in ensuring conformance to the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 on environmental safeguards and the provisions of the EARF; (iv) prepare IEEs and other safeguards reports for subsequent projects under the Investment Program; (v) assist PMU in establishing grievance

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redress mechanism under the Investment Program; (vi) guide and monitor DSC safeguard specialists‘ works on environmental safeguards; (vii) based on the project requirements, carry out site visits along with the PMU to address issues if any, with respect to EMP implementation; (viii) carry out capacity building of the PMU/PIU environmental safeguards personnel; (ix) assist PMU in review of the monthly monitoring reports from PIU of EMP implementation, and in reparation and submission of semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB; (x) coordinate in obtaining of requisite clearances, permits, and approvals for the project; (xi) monitor construction activities to ensure in compliance with the IEE/EMP and advise DSCs/PIUs for compliance with statutory requirements; (xii) review and approve the Contractor‘s Implementation Plan for the environmental measures as per IEE/EMP; (xiii) establish dialogue with affected communities and ensure that the environmental concerns and suggestions are incorporated and implemented in the project; (xiv) review environmental performance of the project through an assessment of the periodic environmental monitoring reports submitted by the DSC, and initiate necessary follow-up actions; (xv) provide support and assistance to government agencies and ADB to supervise the implementation of the IEE/EMP during the construction as well as operation stage of the project; (xvi) assist the PMU/PIUs in disclosure of the safeguards documents in accordance with the EARF requirements; and (xvii) ensure IEEs/EMPs are reviewed and approved by ADB prior to contract award. 70. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC team will: (i) assist in preparing and update subproject IEEs in respect to environmental management plans (EMPs) in compliance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, national- and state-level environmental policies, rules, and regulations; (ii) interact on a regular basis with the sector specialists of the DSC and integrate environmentally sound practices into the detailed design of project components. Include mitigation measures in designs where appropriate, and to specify other measures in construction contracts; (iii) assist the PIU in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects in accordance with the IEEs, EMPs, and/or environmental mitigation action plan as well as any other environmental issues and take corrective actions where needed; (iv) assist in the review and approval of site specific environmental enhancement/mitigation designs worked out by the Contractor to ensure compliance with the IEE and EMP; (v) assist the PIU in preparing monthly and annual environmental compliance reports for all works in accordance with the EMP for each of the subprojects and the overall Project; (vi) develop, organise and deliver environmental training programs and workshops for the staff of the PIU and Contractors and in accordance to the Capacity Building Program as specified in the IEE. Provide training to the PIU for environmental management and monitoring during construction and operation; (vii) advise PMU/PIU for compliance with statutory clearances; (viii) develop good practice construction guidelines to assist the contractors in implementing the provisions of IEE; (ix) work with local NGOs to conduct environmental awareness events which highlight conservation and benefits of eco-tourism principles; and (x) assist Environmental Specialist of the PMU to prepare good practice dissemination notes based on the experience gained from site supervision. 71. Contractors will be required by their contracts to implement all specified mitigation, monitoring, and reporting assigned to contractors as presented in subproject IEE. Environmental monitoring will be undertaken by the PMU supported by the PMC Environmental Specialist.

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72. The project includes upfront5 and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants. B. Environmental Monitoring Plan

73. Environmental monitoring will be done during construction in three levels; namely monitoring development of project performance indicators done by the DSC Environmental Specialist, monitoring implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor; and overall regulatory monitoring of the environmental issues done by the PMU Environmental Specialist. The environmental monitoring plan for the project is presented in Table 6. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented.

Table 7: Monitoring Plan for the Tamil Nadu Subproject Sl. No.

Attributes Stage Parameters to be

Monitored Location Frequency Responsibility

1 Air Quality

Construction Stage

RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO

All construction sites Once in a season (except monsoons) for the entire construction period

Contractor, to be monitored through approved Monitoring Agency

2 Water quality Construction TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form

All construction sites Twice a year (pre monsoon and post monsoon) for the entire period of construction


3 Mangrove health quality monitoring

Construction stage, to be followed up during project operation

,Physico-chemical characteristics,

All construction sites Continuous Department of Science and Technology through the regional centre to be developed


Water quality of the mangrove area for pesticides, hardness and heavy metals

All construction sites Three times a year (peak of summer, winter and monsoon)

Forest Department

4 Biodiversity Operation stage Habitat quality (using standard vegetation analysis techniques) by permanent vegetation plots in each habitat

Pichavaraaram Mangrove Forest

Once in a year (for 3 days in December) compared with the baseline data

Forest department with support from NGOs/ communities

Heritage protection

Construction stage,

Visual inspection of works at heritage buildings

Tranquebar Fort Area

Continuous DSC/ Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology/ PIU

4 Noise Levels – silence

Construction Stage

Equivalent Day & Night Time Noise

All construction sites Once in a season during

Contractor, to be monitored through

5 Upfront capacity for environmental safeguards is ensured through bridging TA consultants hired to train and

familiarize safeguards staff on the ADB SPS and other implementation requirements.

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Sl. No.

Attributes Stage Parameters to be

Monitored Location Frequency Responsibility

zones Levels construction stage

approved Monitoring Agency

5 Survival Rate of landscaping

Operation Stage

Survival Rate In the landscaped portions


Forest Department

6 Socio-economic monitoring

Operation stage Income levels, livelihood options, especially on tourism

The surrounding villages to ensure equitable distribution of economic benefits to local communities


Tourism department, along with the village eco development committees and forest department

Notes: RPM = respirable particulate matter, SPM = suspended particulate matter; SO2 = sulphur dioxide; NOx = nitrogen oxides; CO = carbon monoxide; TDS = total dissolved solids; TSS = total suspended solids; BOD = biological oxygen demand

C. Capacity Building

1. Target Audience 74. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC will provide the basic training required for environmental awareness followed by specific aspects of infrastructure improvement Projects along with Environmental implications for projects located within / in the vicinity of natural and cultural heritage sites. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the members of the Training Programme and the requirements of the project. The entire training would cover basic principles of environmental assessment and management; mitigation plans and programmes, implementation techniques, monitoring methods and tools. The proposed training program along with the frequency of sessions is presented in Table 7 below.

Table 7: Training Modules for Environmental Management

Program Description Participants Form of Training

Duration/ Location

Training Conducting

Agency

A. Pre-Construction Stage

Sensitization Workshop

Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of environment Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government of India and ADB

Tourism / Forest / Roads / Culture Department Officials, Project Director (PD) and Environmental Specialist (ES) of the PMU/PIU

Workshop ½ Working Day

Environmental Specialist of the DSC

Session I

Module I Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of environment Safeguards Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Govt of India and ADB Guidelines on cultural resources, Environmental considerations in

PMU/PIU (including the ES) and Engineering staff of the implementing agencies

Lecture 1Working Day

Safeguards Specialist of the DSC

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Duration/ Location

Training Conducting

Agency

planning, design and implementing projects

Module II Environmental components impacted in construction and operation stages Activities causing pollution during construction and operation stages Environmental Management Environmental Provisions Implementation Arrangements Methodology of Assessment Good engineering practices to be integrated into contract documents

PMU/PIU (including the ES) and Engineering staff of Tourism dept

Workshop ¼ Working Day


Module III Environmental considerations in planning, designing and implementing heritage buildings and conservation projects


Lecture / Interactive Sessions and site visits

2 working days

Safeguards specialist of the PMC with support from the Conservation specialist of the PMC

Module IV Improved Co-ordination with other Departments: Statutory Permissions – Procedural Requirements Co-operation & Co-ordination with other Departments.


Lecture / Interactive Sessions

1Working Day


Module V Environmental principles of eco-tourism and training and awareness building

Local Community Groups, NGOs


½ Working Day

Institutes as the Wildlife institute of India

B. Construction Stage

Session II

Module VI Role during Construction Roles and Responsibilities of officials / contractors / consultants towards protection of environment Implementation Arrangements Monitoring mechanisms

Engineers and staff of line departments of the Government of Tamil Nadu, and PMU/PIU (including the ES)


½ Working Day


Module VII Monitoring and Reporting System

Engineers and staff of implementing agencies, and


½ Working Day


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Duration/ Location

Training Conducting

Agency

PMU/PIU (including the ES)

Session III

Module VI Identification of bird species in Pong Wetland, habits of species, biology and ecology of important species Basic knowledge of reptiles, amphibians and fauna Identification of plants, including medicinal plants Orientation on wetland ecology, monitoring methods, use of instruments as binoculars, digital camera, GPS, etc.

Staff of forest department, youth in the villages in periphery of the wetland, and other NGOs in the district

Site visits, interactive sessions

5-7 working days

Institutes as the Wildlife institute of India

Module VII Skill upgrade on ecotourism and nature guides Dealing with tourists, Interpretational skills, micro-planning, natural resources, management of self-help groups, etc.

youth in the villages in the periphery, and other NGOs in the district

Site visits, interactive sessions

5-7 working days

Tourism department, and Institutes as the Wildlife institute of India

Notes: PMU = Project Management Unit; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; PMC = Project Management Consultant; DSC = Design and Supervision Consultant; ES = Environment Specialist; NGO – non-government organization; D. Environmental Budget

75. As part of good engineering practices in the project, there have been several measures as erosion prevention, rehabilitation of borrow areas, safety, signage, provision of temporary drains, etc., the costs for which will be included in the design costs of specific subprojects. Therefore, these items of costs have not been included in the IEE budget. Only those items not covered under budgets for construction and RP are costed in the IEE budget. The IEE costs include mitigation, monitoring and capacity building costs. The summary budget for the environmental management costs for the subproject is presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Environmental Budget Item Quantity Unit Cost (US$) Sub-total

Cost (US$) Source of Funds

Environmental Monitoring

(a) Design Stage to establish baseline environmental data

Lump sum

$2,000 per component

$18,000 DSC Cost

(b) Construction Phase $ 5,000 per component

$45,000 Construction Contractor‘s costs

(c) O&M - - Implementing

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Item Quantity Unit Cost (US$) Sub-total Cost (US$)

Source of Funds

agency‘s cost

Capacity Building Expenses $25,000 $25,000 PMC/DSC Cost

DSC= design and supervision consultant, PMC= project monitoring consultant.

E. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

76. The PMU will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the project‘s risks and impacts and will be identified in the EIAs/IEEs for the subprojects. In addition to recording information of the work, deviation of work components from original scope, the PMU and PIU will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome. 77. DSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PIU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. PIU will submit the quarterly monitoring and implementation reports to PMU who will then submit to the PD. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. The suggested monitoring report format is in Appendix 4. Project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. For subprojects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts during operation, reporting will continue at the minimum on an annual basis. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public. 78. For projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts, the EA will retain qualified and experienced external experts to verify its monitoring information. The EA will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, and reflect them in a corrective action plan. The EA, in each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the EA. 79. ADB will review project performance against the EA‘s commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the Project‘s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation:

(i) conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental or social impacts; (ii) conduct supervision missions with detailed review by ADB‘s safeguard specialists/officers or consultants for projects with significant adverse social or environmental impacts; (iii) review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by EA to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with ADB; (iv) work with EA to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and (v) prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.

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VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Process for Consultation followed

80. During Project preparation, consultations have been held with the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism (TTDC), Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department, other religious institutions, Panchayat councils, Highways Department, Forest Department and Environment Department on selection of subprojects and identification of key issues including addressing the current gaps in provision of basic services and improvement of tourist infrastructure. Table 9 provides the list of stakeholders consulted during the preparation of this IEE.

Table 9: Consultations with Stakeholders

Tourism Department Hindu Religious and

Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department

Religious institutions

Panchayats Others

Mr. V. K. Jeyakodi - Principal Secretary, Tourism Dr. A. C. Mohandoss, - Commissioner for Tourism & Managing Director for TTDC Dr. Bhaktavatchalam - Joint Director, Tourism Mr. Venugopal - Assistant Director, Tourism Mr. Gunasekaran - Tourist Officer , Mamallapuram Ms. Tamilarasi - Tourist Officer, Chidambaram Mr. G. Ramamoorthy - Tourist Officer, Chidambaram Mr. Rajasekar - Tourist Officer, Poompukar Mr. Ramamurthy - Tourist Officer, Thanjavur Mr. Ramadoss - Asst. Tourist Officer, Mamallapuram Mr. Srinivasan - Asst. Engineer, TTDC, Chennai Mr. Samson Kanakaraj – Manager, Muttukadu Boat House Mr. K. Ravendran - TTDC Beach Resort Manager Mr. C. Krishnamoorthy -

Mr. Thenarasu - Asst. Commissioner, HR&CE, Swamimalai Mr. Rajasaravana Kumar – Executive Officer, HR&CE, Thiruvenkadu & Kelaperumpallam Mr. Thiravium – Administrative Officer, HR&CE, Alangudi Mr. Krishnakumar – Executive Officer, HR&CE, Sarangapani temple and Kanchanur Temple Mr. Kannan - Inspector, HR&CE, Thiruvedimaruthur Mr. Mohanasundaram - Asst. Commissioner, HR&CE, Thirunageswaram

Representative of Thiru Aadhinam, Vaitheeswaran Kovil Very Rev. Fr. A. Michael, Rector Velankanni Church Very Rev. Fr. B. Arokiadoss, Parish Priest Velankanni Church

Ms. Julied Arputharaj, Chairman, Velankanni Town Panchayat Ms. Margret Susila, Executive Officer, Velankanni Town Panchayat The President, Thirukadaiyur Panchayat

Highways Department

Mr. Santhosh Kumar, Asst Engineer, Highways Dept, Chidambaram Department of Environment

T.S. Srinivasamurthy, I.F.S, Director of Environment

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Tourism Department Hindu Religious and

Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department

Religious institutions

Panchayats Others

Manager, Boat House, Mudhaliyarkuppam Boat House Mr. Raman - Superintendent, TTDC, Poompuhar

B. Plan for Continued Public Participation

81. To ensure continued public participation, provisions to ensure regular and continued stakeholder participation, at all stages during the project design and implementation is proposed. A grievance redressal cell will be set up within the PIU to register grievances of the people regarding technical, social and environmental aspects. This participatory process will ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process. Further, to ensure an effective disclosure of the project proposals to the stakeholders and the communities in the vicinity of the subproject locations, an extensive project awareness campaigns will be carried out. 82. The implementing agency will submit to ADB the following documents for disclosure on ADB‘s website: (i) the final IEE; (ii) a new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and (iii) the environmental monitoring reports. 83. For the benefit of the community the Summary IEE will be translated in the local language (Tamil) and made available at: (i) Office of the PMU; and, (ii) Office of the District Collectors at Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tanjavur and Tiruvarur districts. These copies will be made available free of cost to any person seeking information on the same. Hard copies of the IEE will be available in the PMU/PIU as well as the district library at Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tanjavur and Tiruvarur districts , and accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. On demand, the person seeking information can obtain a hard copy of the complete IEE document at the cost of photocopy from the office of the PMU/PIU, on a written request and payment for the same to the Project Director. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Tourism Department and the website of ADB after approval of the documents by Government and ADB. The PMU will issue notification on the disclosure mechanism in local newspapers, ahead of the initiation of implementation of the project, providing information on the project, as well as the start dates, etc. The notice will be issued by the PMU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. This will create awareness of the project implementation among the public. Posters designed to mass campaign the basic tenets of the IEE will be distributed to libraries in different localities that will be generating mass awareness. C. Grievance Redress Mechanism

84. The Executing Agency will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples‘ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the Project‘s environmental performance. The project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is not intended to bypass the government‘s own redress process; rather it is intended to address affected people's

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concerns and complaints promptly, making it readily accessible to all segments of the affected people and is scaled to the risks and impacts of the Project. 85. The PMU and PIUs will make the public aware of the GRM through public awareness campaigns. Grievances can be filed in writing using the Complaint Register and Complaint Forms (Appendix 5) or by phone with any member of the PMU or PIU. The contact phone number of the PIUs and the PMU will serve as a hotline for complaints and will be publicized through the media and placed on notice boards outside their offices and at construction sites. The safeguard documents made available to the public in an accessible version will include information on the GRM and will be widely disseminated throughout the corridor by the safeguards officers in the PMU and PIUs with support from the NGO engaged to implement the Community Awareness Program. 86. The PIUs will convene Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) within one week of the voiced grievance at the project level consisting of members of local government, NGOs, project staff, and representatives of the affected people. Decisions on the grievance are to be made within 15 days voiced grievances. If the grievance cannot be solved, the PMU is notified to further advise on the situation with higher government and legal bodies. 87. The GRC will ensure rights of vulnerable and poor are included. The grievance mechanism will be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the Project. It will address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism developed will be in a manner that it shall not impede access to the existing judicial or administrative remedies. The affected people will be appropriately informed about the mechanism. 88. The PMU officers will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, maintaining database of complaints, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings and monitoring to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU. 89. The safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second and third tiers), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as Name, ID with unique serial number, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e., open, closed, pending).

VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

90. The proposed subproject components involve various interventions in and around the natural and cultural heritage destinations. However, the selection of components in line with the subproject selection criteria, and ensuring that the components are in line with the management plan for the national park avoids any significant encroachment / direct impact onto environmentally sensitive locations or protected area networks. Further, the siting of the locations for the components has been based on appropriate considerations to minimize environmental impacts. The subproject will conform to all Government and ADB regulations, policies, and standards including all necessary government permits and clearances.

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91. The significance of the environmental impacts will be more due to the construction related impacts. It is to be noted that the resultant potential impacts from these proposals can be offset through provision of proven mitigation measures during the design and adoption of good engineering practices during construction and implementation. Further, the provision of environmental infrastructure, including access to sanitation and waste management facilities within the tourist areas, will better the environmental conditions and minimize the pollution related and aesthetic quality near the tourist areas and the other destinations. 92. The specific management measures laid down in the IEE will effectively address any adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants. Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunities towards course correction to address any residual impacts during construction or operation stages.

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

93. The IEE carried out for the subproject show that the proposed sub-components will result in net environmental benefits, and that any adverse environmental impact can be addressed through proper location, planning, and design of the proposed subproject; control of construction activity and mitigation measures. The EMP provides for mitigation of all identified impacts and the contract clauses for the environmental provisions will be part of the civil works contracts. Further, the proposed subproject elements have been consulted with the stakeholders and no significant issues requiring redressal in terms of environmental safeguards exist. 94. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the subproject as Category ―B‖ is confirmed, and no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009) for the following reasons:

(i) No significant impacts are expected as subprojects are characterized by small-scale improvements (e.g., picnic areas, toilet facilities, rehabilitation of tourist welcome/info centers, etc.) which will improve environmental management and quality of infrastructure at tourist destinations. (ii) No natural or critical habitats or sensitive ecological areas will be impacted. (iii) Subprojects do not endanger heritage or archaeological resources, and further precautions taken under the Project include: (i) State Archaeological Department to review/clear all designs and supervise all works for the one state-level heritage site; (ii) heritage and conservation specialists of the consultant teams to do the same; (iii) State Archaeological Department-certified contractors with proven track record for working in heritage sites to be selected; and (iv) chance find procedures incorporated into the EMP further ensure that impacts are avoided. (iv) All subprojects were prepared in consultation with primary and secondary stakeholders where no objections were raised and inputs were incorporated into project designs. (v) The Project makes special provisions for environmental training and education to promote biodiversity conservation through participatory approaches with local communities. (vi) Induced impacts are addressed through the Project by supporting the

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implementation of management plans and state eco-tourism policies which support low-impact site and regional development. The state Forest Departments and Tourism Departments oversee these plans and policies. The Project‘s capacity building component works at two levels: (i) strengthening the capacity of state government implementing agencies at both their headquarters and branch divisions to implement these plans; and (ii) raising awareness and capacity to implement these plans at the community level targeting NGOs, community based organizations, and local government bodies. Capacity building will emphasize coordinated efforts amongst these different level stakeholders and will include joint activities to build partnerships. (vii) Induced impacts are also addressed through loan covenants that ensure implementation of relevant protected area management plans, government policies, and regulatory controls (such as waste management, etc.). (viii) Monitoring of civil works will be done by specialists on the supervision consultant team and relevant state and central government agencies.

Appendix 1 53

APPENDIX 1: CONTRACT CLAUSES TO BE INTEGRATED INTO BID DOCUMENTS

1.0 GENERAL 1.1 The Contractor will be responsible for implementation of environmental provisions outlined in the EMP, in addition to adhering to all environmental provisions in the applicable specifications for the works will be adhered to as part of good engineering practices. 1.2 All works undertaken towards protection of environmental resources as part of the EMP and as part of good engineering practices while adhering to relevant specifications will be deemed to be incidental to works being carried out and no separate payment will be made unless otherwise specified explicitly. The costs towards environmental management as per EMP unless otherwise provided as a separate head, will be deemed to be part of the BoQ of the project. The scope of works of the contractor towards the implementation of the environmental provisions will be as follows:

(i) Abide by all existing Environmental regulations and requirements of the Government of India , during implementation,

(ii) Compliance with all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements set out in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

(iii) Submission of a method statement detailing how the subproject EMP will be complied with. This will include methods and schedule of monitoring.

(iv) Monitoring of project environmental performance and periodic submission of monitoring reports.

(v) Compliance with all measures required for construction activities in sensitive areas, including Protected areas (natural tourism assets) and heritage monuments, in line with the regulatory requirements of these Protected / Heritage areas, and the guidelines set forth in the management plans for these areas, including the necessary archaeological surveys prior to commencement of works, obtaining clearances/permits to excavate & construct in protected areas around Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology sites.

(vi) Compliance of all safety rules at work, and Provision of adequate health and safety measures such as water, food, sanitation, personal protective equipment, workers insurance, and medical facilities.

1.3 The detailed provisions for specific environmental issues will be as outlined in the EMP table on impacts and mitigation measures. Key clauses are outlined in the following sections. 2.0 MOVEMENT / CIRCULATION PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION 2.1 For all construction activities in active tourist destinations, the Contractor will prior to initiation of construction activities, prepare and get approved by the Engineer, a construction plan including the staging, sequencing of construction activities, circulation plans to ensure smooth movement to pilgrims and tourists, including provision of alternative routes, etc. The plans will be disseminated at key entry points to these tourist locations. 3.0 QUARRY AND BORROWING 3.1 The contractor will identify and seek prior approval of the engineer for quarrying and borrowing operations. Quarry and borrowing will be carried only from locations approved by the engineer. Quarrying, if required in the project will be only from approved quarries and no new

54 Appendix 1

quarries will be opened for the purposes of the project. Any deviation from the provisions will be immediately notified and approval of the engineer is to be sought. 3.2. The Contractor will maintain all borrow sites, stockpiles, and spoil disposal areas so as to assure the stability and safety of the works and that any adjacent feature is not endangered, and to assure free and efficient natural and artificial drainage, and to prevent erosion. Stockpiling of materials (topsoil, fill material, gravel, aggregates, and other construction materials) will not be allowed during rainy season unless covered by a suitable material. Storage on private property will be allowed if written permission is obtained from the owner or authorized lessee. 3.3. Borrow areas and quarries will be sited, worked, and restored in accordance with the specifications. Spoils will be disposed of at approved disposal sites prepared, filled, and restored in accordance with the related specification requirements. 3.4. Following excavation for the works, the Contractor will take all steps necessary to complete drainage and slope protection works in advance of each mining season. Erosion or instability or sediment deposition arising from operations not in accordance with specifications will be made good immediately by the Contractor at the Contractor‘s expense. The Contractor will take all steps necessary to complete drainage in advance of each rainy season in the areas excavated for borrow materials. 3.5. For excavation activities in and around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology or state protected monuments, the Contractor will carry out the same only after duly obtaining permits/licences for the same in line with the provisions of the legislations governing these activities in monuments. 4.0 DEBRIS DISPOSAL 4.1 The contractor will prior to start of construction and dismantling operations identify potential sites for disposal of hazardous construction debris, sites for general construction wastes and domestic wastes from construction camps. The contractor will obtain approval on identified sites from the Engineer of Supervision Consultant and disposal will be only after consent letter from the Engineer. 5.0 PRECAUTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 5.1 The Contractor will ensure that construction activities do not result in any contamination of land or water by polluting substances. 5.2 Unless otherwise provided in the specifications, the Contractor will ensure that no trees or shrubs or waterside vegetation are felled or harmed except those required to be cleared for execution of the works. The Contractor will protect trees and vegetation from damage to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 5.3 The Contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works and to the extent practicable, will ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking and heating in all camps and living accommodations. Any wood so used must be harvested legally, and the Contractor will provide the Engineer with copies of the relevant permits, if required.

Appendix 1 55

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5.4 The Contractor will take all precautions necessary to ensure that vegetation existing adjacent to the project site is not affected by fires arising from the execution of the contract. Should a fire occur in the natural vegetation or plantation adjacent to the project site for any reason, the Contractor will immediately suppress it. Areas of forest, shrub, or plantation damaged by fire considered by the Engineer to have been initiated by the Contractor‘s staff or laborers will be replanted or otherwise restored. 5.5 The Contractor will confine operations to the dry season, use silt traps and dispose spoils in locations approved by the Engineer that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation and water supply. Disposal near wetlands, protected areas, and other areas that will inconvenience or deprive local residents of their livelihood will not be allowed. Acidic and saline spoils will not be spread into agricultural land. 5.6 The Contractor will consult with local residents and local government before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plant. The work camps will not be located near settlements, near drinking water supply intakes, protected areas, or wildlife habitats. 5.7 The Contractor will maintain ecological balance by preventing felling of trees, water pollution and defacing of natural landscape. The Contractor will, so conduct his cleaning operations, as to prevent any avoidable destruction, scarring or defacing of natural surroundings in the vicinity of the archaeological site. In respect of ecological balance, the Contractor will observe the following instructions. 5.8 In the conduct of cleaning activities and operation of equipment, the Contractor will utilize such practicable methods and devices as are reasonably available to control, prevent and otherwise minimize air/noise pollution. 6.0 NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION 6.1 All works will be carried out without unreasonable noise and air pollution. Subject and without prejudice to any other provision of the Contract and the law of the land and its obligation as applicable, the Contractor will take all precautions outlined in the EMP to avoid the air and noise pollution. 6.2 The Contractor will monitor the environmental parameters periodically as specified in the monitoring plan and report to the Engineer. 6.3 The Contractor will indemnify and keep indemnified the Employer from and against any liability for damages on account of noise or other disturbance created while carrying out the work, and from and against all claims, demands, proceedings, damages, costs, charges, and expenses, whatsoever, in regard or in relation to such liability. 7.0 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION 7.1 The Contractor will, in accordance with the safety and health provisions specified in the EMP, provide workers with a safe and healthy working environment, in the work areas, through application of preventive and protective measures consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group‘s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. The borrower/client will take steps to prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring during the course of work by

56 Appendix 1

(i) Providing preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances;

(ii) Providing appropriate equipment to minimize risks and requiring and enforcing its use;

(iii) Training workers and providing them with appropriate incentives to use and comply with health and safety procedures and protective equipment;

(iv) Documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; and (v) Having emergency prevention, preparedness, and response arrangements in

place.

8.0 POST CONSTRUCTION CLEARANCE 8.1 On completion of work, wherever applicable, the Contractor will clear away and remove from the sites all constructional plant, surplus materials, rubbish, scaffoldings, and temporary works of every kind and leave the whole of the sites and works in a clean condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 8.2 Construction camp sites post construction will be cleared as specified in the EMP and handed over to the Owner. It will be ensured by the contractor that the site handed over is in line with the conditions of temporary acquisition signed by both parties.

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APPENDIX 2: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST Country / Project Title: India Infrastructure Development Sector Investment Program for

Tourism- Himalayan Waters Sanctuary Destination subproject

Sector Division: SAUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

Project Siting Is the project area…

Densely populated?

Heavy with development activities?

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

Cultural heritage site The subproject site on the Tranquebar fort is a state-level protected archaeological site. Siting and design considerations were discussed with the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. The subprojects target small-scale improvements to cultural heritage sites for tourism promotion. All subprojects are consistent with state archaeological rules and regulations. The EMP includes measures to avoid and mitigate impacts during design and construction.

Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove The subproject site is located 3-5 km away from the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest. The interventions will be on the existing Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) complex away from mangrove areas. No infrastructure will be constructed on the waterbodies and mangrove areas.

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Bay

Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause….

Impacts on the sustainability of associated sanitation and solid waste disposal systems and their interactions with other urban services.

On-site improvements to tourism destination sites include toilets with septic tanks. Solid waste to be linked with municipal systems.

Deterioration of surrounding environmental conditions due to rapid urban population growth, commercial and industrial activity, and increased waste generation to the point that both manmade and natural systems are overloaded and the capacities to manage these systems are overwhelmed?

Potential induced impacts are addressed through the following: (i) local management plans at proposed sites specifically addressing the need to regulate tourism related development and planning in the area through coordination with related government departments; (ii) project-supported environmental awareness campaigns in surrounding communities to encourage eco-tourism related development; and (iii) central government policies automatically require EIA for development activities (≥20,000 sq m and <150,000 sq m of built-up areas) within 10 km of notified protected areas.

Degradation of land and ecosystems (e.g. loss of wetlands and wild lands, coastal

All proposed interventions are line with the provisions of the management plan for the

58 Appendix 2

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

zones, watersheds and forests)? Pichavaram Mangrove Forest, temple complexes, and TTDC boat houses and beach complex. The sites for the proposed project components are within areas already developed. Therefore, no degradation of land and ecosystems anticipated.

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

Degradation of cultural property, and loss of cultural heritage and tourism revenues?

The project will avoid degradation of cultural properties through strict oversight by relevant archaeological authorities during implementation. Construction works to be timed to avoid peak tourist seasons and done through State Archaeology Department-certified contractors.

Occupation of low-lying lands, floodplains and steep hillsides by squatters and low-income groups, and their exposure to increased health hazards and risks due to pollutive industries?

Air pollution due to urban emissions?

Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and local workers?

Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during rainy season?

The temple roads will require temporary disruption to the tourist movement. To be addressed through a construction period circulation and movement plan along the roads, along with extensive dissemination of the information through media by the municipal corporations, temple managers, and Panchayat leaders.

Noise and dust from construction activities?

Anticipated during the construction activities. The EMP includes measures to avoid and mitigate impacts during design and construction.

Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

Temporary silt runoff due to construction?

Hazards to public health due to ambient, household and occupational pollution, thermal inversion, and smog formation?

Water depletion and/or degradation? All drinking water schemes are site-specific public taps to be connected to municipal schemes with sustainable supplies. Septic tanks are designed to avoid groundwater pollution.

Overpaying of ground water, leading to land subsidence, lowered ground water table, and salinization?

Contamination of surface and ground waters due to improper waste disposal?

Pollution of receiving waters resulting in amenity losses, fisheries and marine resource depletion, and health problems?

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions

The following questions are not for environmental

categorization. They are included in this checklist

to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

Environmental factors like lithology, regolithic characteristics have very limited or no influence on the foundation, which is already found to be suitable, and the area is free from landslide

Appendix 2 59

59

problems. Any proposed facility will require compliance with government rules for seismic design.

Could changes in precipitation, temperature, salinity, or extreme events over the Project lifespan affect its sustainability or cost?

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g. high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

Proposed project will not impact any marginalized population, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlement etc.

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., increasing traffic or housing in areas that will be more prone to flooding, by encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

60 Appendix 3

APPENDIX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (TEMPLATE)

Development of Ecotourism Facilities at Pichavaram in Cuddalore District A. Introduction 1. The specific measures stated in the subproject‘s EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of the IEE will ensure negative environmental impacts during implementation are mitigated. During the detailed design stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages will be prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract. B. Project Background 2. The India Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT) envisages an environmentally and culturally sustainable and socially inclusive tourism development, in the project states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. The expected Impact of the Project in the four states is sustainable and inclusive tourism development in priority State tourism sub circuits divided into marketable cluster destinations that exhibit enhanced protection and management of key natural and cultural heritage tourism sites, improved market connectivity, enhanced destination and site environment and tourist support infrastructure, and enhanced capacities for sustainable destination and site development with extensive participation by the private sector and local communities. 3. As per the Asian Development Bank‘s (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the subproject components have been categorized as ‗B‘ and an IEE carried out. Towards addressal of the construction impacts, this Environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. During the detailed design, the IEE / EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages (and appended to the Contract document). This will enable integration of environmental provisions / management measures in the Contract Document. C. Description of the Subproject Component – provide description of the interventions, implementation schedule, permits/clearance required 4. Components. Proposed tourism infrastructure includes: (Refer to Table 2 of the IEE and DPRs for each component) 5. Implementation Schedule. Implementation will start from (provide month and date) and a total of (provide number of months) months construction period is being considered. 6. Clearances/Approvals/Permits. The subproject is not covered in the ambit of the EIA notification. As a result, the categorization, and the subsequent environmental assessment and clearance requirements, either from the state or the Government is not triggered. 7. CRZ Clearance from the Coastal Regulation Management Zone Authority will be obtained by the executing/implementing agencies for the proposed components in Muttukadu, Mudaliarkuppam, and Mamallapuram prior to loan negotiations,

Appendix 3 61

8. All activities adjacent to the Pichavaran Reserve Forest (mangrove area) Pichavaram, Cuddalore is in line with the management plan approved by the Tamil Nadu Chief Wildlife Warden. No further clearances required. 9. Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for all subprojects requiring, setting up of hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators. To be obtained by the Contractor, prior to construction. 10. No Objection Certification from the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology will be obtained by the executing/implementing agencies prior to awards of civil works contract for the proposed component in Tranquebar and Nagapattinam. 11. If tree-cutting will be required during preparation of sites, permission will be obtained by the contractors from the State Forest Department prior to commencement of construction works. 12. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing right-of-way (ROW) may be damaged. The mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) and PIU will: (i) identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. D. Brief Description of Baseline Environmental Condition (provide information on the primary and secondary impact zones) E. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 13. The assessment for each of the components has been carried out for potential impacts during the stages of the project planning and implementation. Impacts due to location are associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations, discharge standards, etc. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project.

14. Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of the proposed subproject. F. Environmental Monitoring Plan 15. Environmental monitoring will be done during construction in three levels; namely monitoring development of project performance indicators done by the Environmental Specialist of the Design and Supervision Consultants, monitoring implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor; and overall regulatory monitoring of the environmental issues done by Environmental Specialist of the PMU. The environmental monitoring plan for the project is presented in Table 2. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented.

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G. Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance (provide indicators and targets, with measurable outcomes for the various environmental management provisions set forth in the EMP. See IEE for guidance.) H. Institutional Arrangements 216. The PMU, oversees the implementation of the environmental provisions related to subproject implementation, its responsibilities include preparation and updating of IEEs consistent with the ADBs SPS and the environmental compliance requirements of the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Government of India. 17. An Environmental Staff is deputized to the PMU, and responsible for implementation of the environmental safeguard provisions. Project Management Consultants (PMC) and Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) are recruited to provide assistance to the PMU/PIUs in project implementation. 18. Within the PMC team, a Safeguards Specialist provides overall direction for management of environmental and social issues, and provides technical support to the PMU including implementation of the environmental requirements, according to ADB requirements, and assists in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects. 19. Contractors will be required by their contracts to implement all specified mitigation, monitoring, and reporting assigned to contractors as presented in subproject IEE. Environmental monitoring will be undertaken by the PMU supported by the PMC Environmental Specialist. 20. The project includes upfront6 and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants. I. Capacity Building 21. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC will provide the basic training required for environmental awareness followed by specific aspects of infrastructure improvement Projects along with Environmental implications for projects located within / in the vicinity of natural and cultural heritage sites. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the members of the Training Programme and the requirements of the project. The entire training would cover basic principles of environmental assessment and management; mitigation plans and programmes, implementation techniques, monitoring methods and tools. The proposed training program along with the frequency of sessions is presented in the main IEE of the subprojects in Tamil Nadu. J. Environmental Budget 22. The budget for good engineering practices such as erosion prevention, rehabilitation of borrow areas, safety, signage, provision of temporary drains, etc., shall be included in the

6 Upfront capacity for environmental safeguards is ensured through bridging TA consultants hired to train and

familiarize safeguards staff on the ADB SPS and other implementation requirements.

Appendix 3 63

design costs of specific subprojects. Costs for mitigation during construction stage shall be included in the civil works contract. K. Public consultation and information disclosure (provide information on all public consultations held and issues discussed) 23. To ensure continued public participation, provisions to ensure regular and continued stakeholder participation, at all stages during the project design and implementation is proposed. A grievance redressal cell will be set up within the PIU to register grievances of the people regarding technical, social and environmental aspects. This participatory process will ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process. Further, to ensure an effective disclosure of the project proposals to the stakeholders and the communities in the vicinity of the subproject locations, an extensive project awareness campaigns will be carried out. 24. The implementing agency will submit to ADB the following documents for disclosure on ADB‘s website: (i) the final IEE; (ii) a new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and (iii) the environmental monitoring reports. 25. For the benefit of the community the Summary IEE will be translated in the local language and made available at: (i) Office of the PMU; and, (ii) Office of the District Commissioner. These copies will be made available free of cost to any person seeking information on the same. Hard copies of the IEE will be available in the PMU/PIU as well as the district libraries, and accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. On demand, the person seeking information can obtain a hard copy of the complete IEE document at the cost of photocopy from the office of the PMU/PIU, on a written request and payment for the same to the Project Director. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Tourism Department and the website of ADB after approval of the documents by Government and ADB. The PMU will issue notification on the disclosure mechanism in local newspapers, ahead of the initiation of implementation of the project, providing information on the project, as well as the start dates, etc. The notice will be issued by the PMU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. This will create awareness of the project implementation among the public. Posters designed to mass campaign the basic tenets of the IEE will be distributed to libraries in different localities that will be generating mass awareness. L. Grievance Redress Mechanism 26. The PMU and PIUs will make the public aware of the GRM through public awareness campaigns. Grievances can be filed in writing using the Complaint Register and Complaint Forms or by phone with any member of the PMU or PIU. The contact phone number of the PIUs and the PMU will serve as a hotline for complaints and will be publicized through the media and placed on notice boards outside their offices and at construction sites. The safeguard documents made available to the public in an accessible version will include information on the GRM and will be widely disseminated throughout the corridor by the safeguards officers in the PMU and PIUs with support from the NGO engaged to implement the Community Awareness Program.

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M. Environment-Related Clauses to be included in the Construction Contracts 27. Annex 1 provides the clauses to be included in the contracts to ensure environmental mitigation measures are implemented to reduce impacts of the subproject implementation.

Appendix 3 65

Table 1: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Field Duration/

Extent Magnitude

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Location Impacts

1.1 Location impacts pertain to siting of facilities and improvements within the boundaries of the national park and temple monument complex and other cultural heritage destinations

Permanent Moderate Location of the subprojects within protected areas will be finalized in conformity to the provisions in the management plan. The proposed interventions will be mapped onto the plans of the management plan showing the zones, to ensure that there is conformity with the management plan. Siting of the components and planning of construction activities will be worked out to avoid sensitive ecological and cultural resource areas. Within radii of 100m and 300m from the ―protected property‖ are designated as ―protected area‖ and ―controlled area‖ respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the ―protected area‖ and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the ―controlled area‖ without prior permission of the (Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Along other significant tourist destinations, the siting of components will be in line with the master plan for the respective destination. All construction activities will minimize the clearance of trees wherever practicable.

PIU/DSC

1.2 Impacts on archaeological remains, if any, due to siting of project components in and around the protected monuments.

Permanent Major An archaeological survey by the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology will be carried out at the proposed site, to confirm non-existence of any remains, in the proposed site. In the event of the survey indicating any presence of archaeological remains, an alternative location will be identified in the vicinity, or the design of the proposed facility be modified to ensure no impact on the archaeological remains. Construction and excavation activities in prohibited and protected areas around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology monument will be undertaken only after obtaining the necessary permits and clearances in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 13 of the Archaeological rules.

PIU/DSC

1.3 Lack of sufficient planning to assure Permanent Major In accordance with the provisions in the subproject PIU/DSC

66 Appendix 3

Field Duration/

Extent Magnitude

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long term sustainability of the improvements and ensure protection of the assets created and the architectural character of the surroundings.

selection criteria, the subproject design will include adequate provisions for ensuring effective maintenance and protection of the assets created so as to ensure the long term sustainability of the sites. The designs will be worked out and implemented in accordance with the provisions. Further, the design guidelines for the project components will strictly conform to Tamil Nadu architecture.

2. Design and pre-construction Impacts

2.1 Layout of components to avoid impacts on sensitive areas

Permanent Major The project components (location of tourist information centre, parking, road alignment, locations where the toilet blocks, provision of water supply to tourists, parking, footpaths, signage, etc.) siting will avoid impacts on the national park and temples /monument. Access roads to the construction sites will be worked out to ensure minimal impacts.

PIU/DSC/ Contractor

2.2 Slope stability related issues Permanent

Moderate Along areas vulnerable to slope failures and along steep stretches, the designs of subproject components will include slope protection measures for uncovered slopes as pitching, vegetation, benching, etc.

PIU/DSC

2.3 Increased storm water runoff from alterations of the site‘s natural drainage patterns due to landscaping, excavation works in the periphery of the mangrove forest, boat areas, construction of parking lots, and addition of paved surfaces.

Permanent

Moderate Design of proposed components will enable efficient drainage of the sites and maintain natural drainage patterns.

PIU/DSC

2.4 In areas of shallow water table, ensure that the septic tanks developed, do not impact the ground water quality

Permanent Moderate At locations with shallow water table, the design of the septic tanks will be done to ensure that there is a difference of at least 1.5m between the bottom bed of the septic tank and the maximum ground water level, to avoid any contamination of ground water.

PIU/DSC

2.5 Selection of materials and construction technologies, if not carefully chosen, will adversely

Permanent Moderate Designs to be worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and concrete structures are avoided. The design brief for all components proposed will strictly conform to the

PIU/DSC

Appendix 3 67

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Extent Magnitude

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impact the aesthetic appeal of the destinations

Tamil Nadu architecture. The usage of construction machinery within the existing premises will be disallowed, except for handheld equipments, if necessary. Any new landscaping elements will only utilize native species to protect local biodiversity

2.6 Integration of energy efficiency and energy conservation programs in design of subproject components

Permanent Low The detailed designs for the subproject components will ensure that energy efficiency

PIU/DSC

3 Pre-construction Activities by Contractor

3.1 Construction Camps – Location, Selection, Design and Layout

Temporary Moderate The construction camps will be located at least 1000m away from eco-sensitive zones (Pichavaram mangrove forest and Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology temples) and 500m away from settlements. The construction camps including sanitation facilities, shelter, canteen, first aid, health care, day crèche facilities must be adequately drained, and must not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control measures. The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water is adequately drained and stagnation is avoided from becoming a nuisance.

Contractor/ DSC

3.2 Defining of construction/work areas on ground, for activities within 200m of the boundaries of the protected areas and archaeological monuments

Temporary Moderate Construction work area will be demarcated on ground. Free-standing fencing will be erected in advance of construction works to protect the Monuments and known archaeological features near to the construction footprint and any working areas. No construction works, storage of materials be allowed within 100 m of the boundaries of such protected/sensitive areas. Planning of works to ensure that no entry will be allowed by employees/construction/site workers to the protected areas during the construction period to limit disturbance impacts

Contractor/ DSC

68 Appendix 3

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on the associated habitats and fauna. Monuments /archaeological remains will be avoided during construction works by marking out the areas on ground.

3.3 Circulation plan during construction in the tourist destinations and temples

Temporary Moderate Prior to commencement of site activities and mobilization on ground, the Contractor will prepare and get approved by the Engineer, circulation plan during construction for safe passage of tourists/pilgrims during construction stage, including development of alternative access routes, traffic regulations, signages, etc., during construction. The Contractor with support of the PIU will carry out dissemination of these information and circulation plan at key entry points to the respective destinations.

Contractor/ DSC/PIU

3.4 Site clearance activities, including delineation of construction areas

Temporary Moderate The commencement of site clearance activities will be undertaken with due permission from the Environment Specialist of the DSC consultant to minimize environmental impacts. All areas used for temporary construction operations will be subject to complete restoration to their former condition with appropriate rehabilitation procedures.

Contractor/ DSC

3.5 Drinking water availability and water arrangement

Temporary Major The contractor will be responsible for arrangement of water in every workplace at suitable and easily accessible place for the whole construction period. Sufficient supply of cold potable water to be provided and maintained. If the drinking water is obtained from an intermittent public water supply then, storage tanks will be provided.

Contractor/ DSC

3.6 Identification of disposal sites Permanent Major Location of disposal sites will be finalized by the Environmental Specialist of the DSC and he will confirm that: disposal of the material does not impact natural drainage courses or surface water bodies or low lying areas and that no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such materials

Contractor/ DSC

3.7 Ensure waste management is addressed in design

Temporary Major Environmental specialist to work with local body to design improved waste management plan for site.

4 Construction Impacts

4.1 Improper stockpiling of construction materials cause impacts starting from obstruction of drainage,

Temporary Moderate Due consideration will be given for material storage and construction sites such that it doesn‘t cause any hindrance to tourists movement within the site. Stockpiles will be

Contractor/ DSC

Appendix 3 69

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Extent Magnitude

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disturbance/ safety hazard to tourists, etc.

covered to protect from dust and erosion.

4.2 Quarry / Borrow pits Operations Permanent Moderate Adequate safety precautions will be ensured during transportation of quarry material from quarries to the construction site. Vehicles transporting the material will be covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by the contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the Engineer.

Contractor/ DSC

4.3 Stripping, stocking and preservation of top soil

Permanent Moderate The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of cutting and areas to be permanently covered (proposed site for information centre and other tourism infrastructure and from the road alignment) will be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm, translocated and stored in stockpiles. The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal). Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes.

Contractor/ DSC

4.4 Soil Erosion Temporary Moderate Slope protection measures will be undertaken along slopes of the parking area. The work will consist of measures as per design, or as directed by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution.

Contractor/ DSC

4.5 Blasting Permanent Moderate Except as may be provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor will not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor will comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law of the land as applicable. The Contractor will at all times take every possible precaution and will comply with appropriate laws and regulations relating to the import, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives and will, at all times when engaged in blasting operations, post sufficient warning

70 Appendix 3

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flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor will at all times make full liaison with and inform well in advance and obtain such permission as is required from all Government Authorities, public bodies and private parties whomsoever concerned or affected or likely to be concerned or affected by blasting operations. Blasting will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted by the Engineer.

4.6 Soil and Water Pollution due to fuel and lubricants, construction waste

Temporary Moderate The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area will be stationed such that water discharge does not drain into the water body. Soil and water pollution parameters will be monitored as per monitoring plan.

Contractor/ DSC

4.7 Siltation of water bodies due to spillage of construction wastes

Temporary Moderate Silt fencing to be provided at all water bodies near construction sites to prevent sediments from the construction site to enter into the watercourses. The number of units of silt fencing to be installed is to be decided by the engineer. Haul roads on the site and approaches to the watercourse (or drains leading to watercourses) will be regularly cleaned to prevent the buildup of mud; areas of bare soil will be kept to a practical minimum to reduce silt runoff. No disposal of construction wastes will be carried out into the river. Extraneous construction wastes will be transported to the pre-identified disposal site for safe disposal.

Contractor/ DSC

4.8 Generation of Dust Temporary Moderate The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the levels of dust at construction sites to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All earthwork to be protected/covered in a manner acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer to minimize dust generation. Clearance will be affected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces will be hosed or watered using necessary equipment.

Contractor/ DSC

4.9 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery

Temporary Moderate The discharge standards promulgated under the Environmental Protection Act, will be strictly adhered to. All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the relevant Standard. All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for

Contractor/ DSC

Appendix 3 71

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construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements.

4.10 Noise from construction Equipments

Temporary Moderate Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regular and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. All vehicles and equipment used for construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found to be defective will be replaced. Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A). Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) will comply with the relevant legislation for levels of noise emission.

Contractor/ DSC

4.11 Material Handling at Site Temporary Minor All workers employed on mixing asphaltic material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles. Workers, who are engaged in welding works, will be provided with welder‘s protective eye-shields. Workers engaged in stone breaking activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals. The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer‘s instructions. The Engineer will be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any chemical. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site will be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register will include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product.

Contractor/ DSC

4.12 Disposal of Construction Waste / Temporary Moderate Safe disposal of the bituminous wastes, extraneous Contractor/ DSC

72 Appendix 3

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Debris / Cut Material material will be ensured in the pre-identified disposal locations. In no case, any construction waste will be disposed around the project road indiscriminately. Cut material generated because of cutting of hill slopes will be utilized for construction of retaining walls, embankments and as filling material. Remaining material if any will be disposed off safely at the disposal sites.

4.13 Safety Measures During Construction

Temporary Moderate Personal Protective Equipment for workers on the project and adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

Contractor/ DSC

4.14 Risk caused by Force Majure Temporary Minor All reasonable precaution will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of work.

Contractor/ DSC

4.15 Malaria Risk Temporary Minor The Contractor will, at his own expense, conform to all anti-malaria instructions given to him by the Engineer.

Contractor/ DSC

4.16 Religious Structures Temporary Major All necessary and adequate care will be taken to minimize impact on cultural properties. No work will spill over to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road will be maintained clear and clean.

Contractor/ DSC

4.17 Chance finds of archaeological Property / remains

Temporary Moderate The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing and will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer‘s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work will be stopped 100 m all directions from the site of discovery. The Engineer will seek direction from Archaeologist at the Department of Archaeology before instructing the contractor to recommence work on the site.

Contractor/ DSC

4.18 Clearing of Construction of Camps & Temporary Major Contractor to prepare site restoration plans for approval by Contractor/ DSC

Appendix 3 73

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Restoration the Engineer. The plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor‘s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer.

5 O&M Impacts

5.1 Environmental Conditions Temporary Moderate The tourism department / forest department will undertake seasonal monitoring of air, water, noise and soil quality through an approved monitoring agency. The parameters to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring as well as the locations to be monitored will be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared.

Tourism department

5.2 Uncontrolled tourism development can cause congestion, increased pollution, and deterioration of destinations. Over-commercialization of cultural traditions may degrade the natural and cultural identity of the site

Temporary Major While the environmental monitoring plan actions during the operation stage will result in monitoring of the environmental impacts after project implementation, the Master Plan will include apart from provision of development controls and regulations in the zone, measures for tourism planning for the key destinations. These plans will be implemented to avoid uncontrolled tourism development at these locations.

Tourism department with support from Culture department

5.4 Management of the toilet blocks Temporary Moderate The tourism department / forest department will carry out regular cleaning of the septic tanks to prevent any impacts, including pollution of ground water and nearby water courses. For increased volumes of wastewater generation will ensure proper and adequate treatment and disposal facilities.

Tourism and Forest department with participation by communities

5.5 Adequate drainage of site area Permanent Moderate The tourism department / forest department to ensure efficient flow of surface water and prevent water logging along the side of the roads and parking lots.

Tourism and Forest departments

5.6 Unhygienic condition due to poor maintenance of sanitation facilities and irregular solid waste collection in the project site necessitate regular maintenance of constructed infrastructure.

Temporary Moderate The Tourism department/ communities will carryout maintenance of the toilets, and carry out the regular collection of wastes, and will also ensure that: Sanitation improvements proposed do not result in pollution of groundwater. Sanitary facilities do not interfere with other utilities and block access to buildings, cause nuisance to

Tourism department

74 Appendix 3

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neighboring areas. The transfer of waste will also ensure no spillage and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site.

5.7 Increased waste loads onto the existing waste disposal facilities (that are non conformant to the Government requirements for SWM)

Temporary Moderate In line with the Government targets of coverage of all urban and rural areas with environmentally safe solid waste management systems, the tourist destinations will be covered with integrated waste management facilities, including treatment and disposal, in line with the SWHR, the Government.

Urban development department

Table 2: Monitoring Plan for the Pichavaram Subproject

Sl. No.

Attributes Stage Parameters to be Monitored Location Frequency Responsibility

1 Air Quality

Construction Stage RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO (Complete based on the DPR)

Once in a season (except monsoons) for the entire construction period


2 Water quality Construction TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form

(Complete based on the DPR)



3 Wetland health quality monitoring


,Physico-chemical characteristics,


Continuous Department of Science and Technology through the regional centre to be developed


Water quality of the wetland for pesticides, hardness and heavy metals


Three times a year (peak of summer, winter and monsoon)

Forest Department

Appendix 3 75

Sl. No.

Attributes Stage Parameters to be Monitored Location Frequency Responsibility

4 Biodiversity Operation stage Wintering birds using total count method (block wise count)


Once in a year (for 3 days in December) compared with the baseline data

Forest department with support from NGOs/ communities

Heritage protection

Construction stage, Visual inspection of works at heritage buildings


Continuous DSC/ Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology/ PIU

Operation stage Resident and breeding birds population using point count method



Forest department, with support from NGOs/ communities

Operation stage Habitat quality (using standard vegetation analysis techniques) by permanent vegetation plots in each habitat



Forest department, with support from NGOs/ communities

Operation stage Fish diversity using catch per unit effort method


Once in each season Forest department, with support from NGOs/ communities

4 Noise Levels – silence zones

Construction Stage Equivalent Day & Night Time Noise Levels


Once in a season during construction stage


5 Drainage Operation stage Effectiveness of drainage, water logging, flooding related issues



Forest Department,

6 Survival Rate of landscaping

Operation Stage Survival Rate (Complete based on the DPR)

Twice a year for two years Forest Department

7 Socio-economic monitoring

Operation stage Income levels, livelihood options, especially on tourism



Tourism department, along with the village eco development committees and forest department

DSC= design and supervision consultant, NGO= non-government organization, PIU= project implementation unit.

76 Appendix 3

Table 3: Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance



Construction Stage

Ambient air quality RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO

NAAQMS (2009) Once in a season (except monsoons) for the entire construction period


Stricter implementation of emission norms

Dust suppression No. of tankers for water sprinkling, Timing of sprinkling, Location of sprinkling

No dust rising from construction site, No dust rising from haul roads, Twice daily sprinkling

Random checks PIU through DSC Increase in frequency of water sprinkling

Surface and ground water quality

pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, Boron




Identify source of contamination and treat effluent before discharge into receiving waters. Instruct contractor against violation and in case of continued non compliance invoke penalty clauses

Silt runoff in water bodies

location of silt fencing Locate while working close to water bodies


PIU through DSC

Working condition Maintain the geo textile free from clogging


PIU through DSC

Effluent discharge from construction camps

TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, Boron

Discharge standards of CPCB for receiving waters



Ambient noise Equivalent Day & Night Time Noise Levels

NANQS Once in a season during construction stage


Identify noise source and strictly regulate noise emissions. In case of continued non-compliance invoke penalty clauses against contractor

Machinery noise Noise dB(A) <75 dB(A) at 1m free field from M/C

Once in a season during construction stage


Noise from construction activities

Timings of construction

Only day time at settlements

Continuous PIU through DSC

Wetland water quality - Physico-chemical characteristics



Continuous PIU through DSC Identify source of contamination and treat effluent before discharge into receiving waters. For continued non compliance invoke penalty clauses


Ca, Mg, Hardness, TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Hg, Cd, Se, Ar, Cr

As per IS:10500:1991 Three times a year (peak of summer, winter and monsoon)


Appendix 3 77



OHS Management Plan

Plan covers all activities

Compliance with applicable labour laws

Continuous Contractor Identify non-compliance and modify plan

Supply of PPE provision of PPE on site, adequacy of equipment

Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure adequacy as per plan and instruct contractor to comply. In case of continued non-compliance, invoke penalty clauses

Training in H&S No. of sessions conducted, Percent attendance

Compliance with OHS Continuous

Establishing Medical facilities

Installation of equipment specified in OHS Plan

Compliance with OHS Start of construction camp

Safety plan implementation


OHS Implementation record

Site maintenance, Medical facilities maintenance, Training sessions

Compliance with OHS

Accident record No. of fatal accidents, No. of injuries, No. of disabilities

Compliance with OHS

Community Health and Safety plan


Dissemination of Community health issues

No of community health dissemination sessions, dissemination mechanisms

Compliance with OHS

Health records No. of recorded cases of community health as respiratory illness, HIV/STD,

Compliance with OHS

Operation stage

Physico-chemical characteristics



Continuous PIU through Monitoring Agency

Identify source of contamination and treat effluent before discharge into receiving waters


Ca, Mg, Hardness, TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Hg, Cd, Se, Ar, Cr

As per IS:10500:1991 Three times a year (peak of summer, winter and monsoon)


Identify source of contamination and treat effluent before discharge into receiving waters

Wintering birds Total count Not to be lower than baseline

Once in a year (for 3 days in December)


Seek inputs of biodiversity experts and undertake necessary measures

78 Appendix 3



compared with the baseline data

for improving upon the indicators.

Resident and breeding birds population

Point counts Not to be lower than baseline


Habitat quality Shannon-weiner index Not to be lower than baseline


Fish diversity using catch per unit effort method

Catch per unit effort Not to be lower than baseline

Once in each season

Drainage effectiveness

Time required for draining

Within 30m of rainfall stopping


PIU Assess need for drainage improvements, and if required provide addl facilities as per design recommendations.

Water logging / flooding

No of locations, extent of retention

No waterlogging / flooding

Survival Rate Percent of No. of saplings survived, extent of growth

Survival rate > 75%, Normal



Plant more trees to compensate for lower survival rates

Economic indicators Income levels, livelihood options, especially on tourism

Equivalent to baseline conditions



Initiate detailed socio-economic studies. Identify reasons for economic decline and correlation with study interventions.

DSC= design and supervision consultant, OHS= PIU= project implementation unit.

Appendix 4 79

APPENDIX 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FORMAT 1. Work Details

Table 1: Work Details and Risks

Locations

Sub-projects Components

(Package No.)

Name of the

contractor

Listing of works

under the package

Starting Date (land clearance)

and schedule date of

completion

What type of works

continued at present

Progress Percentage

Expected changes

from approved

scope

Fulfillment of

objectives- Type of remedial

measures needed

Key assumptions and risks that

affect attainment of the objectives

2. Implementation of Environmental Management Plan

Table 2: Status of Environment, Forest and Other Clearances City/ Town

Work (Package No.)

Applicable Legislation/ Type of clearance

Clearance given by and date

Subject/ Issue

Remarks/ Action needed

Table 3: Compliance with Environmental Management Plan

Description of Impact

Mitigation measures Proposed

Implementation status

Detail/ Remarks on

Implementation

Monitoring methods

and frequency

Monitoring conducted

by

Monitoring

Remarks (Excellent/Satisfactory/Partially

Satisfactory/Below Satisfaction/Poor/Very Poor)

Remarks and actions taken

to improve implementation

Detailed Design

Pre- Construction

Construction

Table 4: Measurement of Pollutants

Components Package/ Location

Period of monitoring

Parameters/Pollutants Standard Base line

status

Monitoring result during project

Implementation Remarks

Noise

Air Quality

Water Quality

Soil Quality

80 Appendix 5

APPENDIX 5: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM

(To be available in Local Language) The _____________________________________Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you. Date Place of registration

Contact Information/Personal Details

Name: Gender: __Male ___ Female Age:

Home Address

Village / Town

District

Phone no.

E-mail

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below: If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: ___

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance)

Verified thru:

___ Note/Letter

___ E-mail

___ Verbal/Telephonic

Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Official(s) reviewing grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken Disclosed:

____ Yes

___ No

Means of Disclosure: