1
Targets Believe They Have Less Math Ability in the Stereotype Threat Condi:on Others Believe the Target Has Less Math Ability in the Stereotype Threat Condi:on Increasing the Salience of Nega:ve GenderMath Stereotypes Lowers Percep:ons of Women’s Math Ability No Effect of Stereotype Threat on Others’ Ra:ngs of Others in Their Group Others’ Ra:ngs Do Not Show General Increased Nega:vity Towards the Target in Stereotype Threat Condi:on Results Discussion Background Stereotype threat is the threat of being judged or treated in terms of a stereotype, or the fear that one will inadvertently behave in a manner to confirm a stereotype. Stereotype threat that can be ac:vated in situa:ons that make the group stereotype salient. (Spencer. Steele, and Aronson 2002) Stereotype threat causes women to underperform on difficult math tests. While individual test performance is important for academic success, group projects are an increasingly important component of STEM curricula, and collabora:on is necessary in STEM careers. Due to women’s underrepresenta:on in STEM, they may oVen be the only female in their group. The present research examines how stereotype threat affects the percep8ons and behavior of threatened individuals and of other group members in a group problemsolving task. Methods Assigning Exper8se Stereotype Threat NonThreat Female target par:cipant (blue) in each group completes a volume tutorial before the group task. Manipula8ng Stereotype Threat Assessing Percep8ons of Math Competence AAer the Group Task To what extent would you say ____ fulfilled each of the following roles in the group task? (Math Whiz, Calculator) To what extent would you say each of these traits describes____? (Good at Math) To what extent would you say ____’s contribu:on was due to each of the following? (Natural Math Ability) If you needed help on a math problem how likely would you be to ask ____? (Math Help) Problems adapted from standardized tests (e.g., SAT, GRE) Measures quan:ta:ve abili:es Men tend to perform be]er than women Puzzles adapted from math game websites Not a measure of individual math ability No men:on of gender VS. Stereotype Threat NonThreat This research was supported by a Na:onal Science Founda:on Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to Sarah Grover Contact: [email protected] (Inzlict and BenZeev, 2000; Spencer, Steele and Quinn, 1999) 2 of 4 problems in the group task are volume problems prac:ced in target’s tutorial. Other par:cipants’ (black) tutorials aren’t tested in the group task. Sarah Grover, Tiffany Ito, and Bernade]e Park University of Colorado Boulder Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Summary Implica8ons Poten8al Solu8ons Future Direc8ons Target par8cipants’ (females with volume tutorial) exper8se was recognized in the nonthreat condi8on but it went unno8ced in the stereotype threat condi8on. There was no effect of stereotype threat on how nontargets rated the other non targets in their group. Stereotype threat did not result in a general nega:ve evalua:on of the target, effects were specific to percep8ons of target’s math ability and contribu:on to correctly solving the problems. If women under stereotype threat are evaluated by themselves and others as worse at math, they may miss out on opportuni8es for advancement. Companies may not be able to aQain the full benefit of talented female scien8sts and engineers’ professional exper8se if their environments induce stereotype threat. Stereotype threat is not an intractable problem. A growing body of research demonstrates the many different ways to cul8vate nonthreatening environments and buffer women against stereotype threat including: Increasing women’s representa:on (Marx & Roman, 2002; Stout et al., 2011) Providing posi:ve female role models (Dasgupta 2011; Stout et al., 2011) Emphasizing an incremental view of intelligence (DarNimrod & Heine, 2006; Good, Aronson & Inzlicht, 2003) Affirming important personal values (Martens et al., 2006; Miyake et al., 2010) Behavioral coding of group videos to examine the effects of stereotype threat on target and other par:cipants’ behavior during the group task. Examine different group composi:ons (e.g., 3 females and 1 male) and more subtle stereotype threat manipula:ons (group composi:on alone vs. task instruc:ons alone). Gather data with groups of STEM majors, for whom stereotype threat is especially relevant. Test stereotype threat interven:ons in group problemsolving context. ** p< .01 *p< .05 †p< .10 All ps > .10, ns All ps > .20, ns ** p< .01 *p< .05 †p< .10 The experimenter gave different task instruc:ons in each condi:on: (n=25 groups ) (n=24 groups )

Increasing(the(Salience(of(Negave(GenderAMath(Stereotypes ... Grover_poster 2013.pdf · Targets(Believe(They(Have(Less(Math(Ability(in(the(Stereotype(ThreatCondi:on(Others(Believe(the(TargetHas(Less(Math(Ability(in(the(Stereotype(ThreatCondi:on

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Increasing(the(Salience(of(Negave(GenderAMath(Stereotypes ... Grover_poster 2013.pdf · Targets(Believe(They(Have(Less(Math(Ability(in(the(Stereotype(ThreatCondi:on(Others(Believe(the(TargetHas(Less(Math(Ability(in(the(Stereotype(ThreatCondi:on

Targets  Believe  They  Have  Less  Math  Ability  in  the  Stereotype  Threat  Condi:on  

Others  Believe  the  Target  Has  Less  Math  Ability  in  the  Stereotype  Threat  Condi:on  

Increasing  the  Salience  of  Nega:ve  Gender-­‐Math  Stereotypes  Lowers  Percep:ons  of  Women’s  Math  Ability  

No  Effect  of  Stereotype  Threat  on  Others’  Ra:ngs  of  Others  in  Their  Group  

Others’  Ra:ngs  Do  Not  Show  General  Increased  Nega:vity  Towards  the  Target  in  Stereotype  Threat  Condi:on  

Results   Discussion  Background  Stereotype  threat  is  the  threat  of  being  judged  or  treated  in  terms  of  a  stereotype,  or  the  fear  that  one  will  inadvertently  behave  in  a  manner  to  confirm  a  stereotype.      

Stereotype  threat  that  can  be  ac:vated  in  situa:ons  that  make  the  group  stereotype  salient.      

(Spencer.  Steele,  and  Aronson  2002)  

Stereotype  threat  causes  women  to  underperform  on  difficult  math  tests.    While  individual  test  performance  is  important  for  academic  success,  group  projects  are  an  increasingly  important  component  of  STEM  curricula,  and  collabora:on  is  necessary  in  STEM  careers.    Due  to  women’s  underrepresenta:on  in  STEM,  they  may  oVen  be  the  only  female  in  their  group.    The  present  research  examines  how  stereotype  threat  affects  the  percep8ons  and  behavior  of  threatened  individuals  and  of  other  group  members  in  a  group  problem-­‐solving  task.  

Methods  Assigning  Exper8se  

Stereotype  Threat   Non-­‐Threat  

Female  target  par:cipant  (blue)  in  each  group  completes  a  volume  tutorial  before  the  group  task.    

Manipula8ng  Stereotype  Threat  

Assessing  Percep8ons  of  Math  Competence  AAer  the  Group  Task  To  what  extent  would  you  say  ____  fulfilled  each  of  the  following  roles  in  the  group  task?  (Math  Whiz,  Calculator)      To  what  extent  would  you  say  each  of  these  traits  describes____?  (Good  at  Math)      To  what  extent  would  you  say  ____’s  contribu:on  was  due  to  each  of  the  following?  (Natural  Math  Ability)      If  you  needed  help  on  a  math  problem  how  likely  would  you  be  to  ask  ____?  (Math  Help)    

•  Problems  adapted  from  standardized  tests  (e.g.,  SAT,  GRE)  

•  Measures  quan:ta:ve  abili:es    •  Men  tend  to  perform  be]er  

than  women  

•  Puzzles  adapted  from  math  game  websites  

•  Not  a  measure  of  individual  math  ability  

•  No  men:on  of  gender  

VS.  

Stereotype  Threat     Non-­‐Threat  

This  research  was  supported  by  a  Na:onal  Science  Founda:on  Graduate  Research  Fellowship  awarded  to  Sarah  Grover    

Contact:        [email protected]    

(Inzlict  and  Ben-­‐Zeev,  2000;  Spencer,  Steele  and  Quinn,  1999)  

2  of  4  problems  in  the  group  task  are  volume  problems  prac:ced  in  target’s  tutorial.  Other  par:cipants’  (black)  tutorials  aren’t  tested  in  the  group  task.      

Sarah  Grover,  Tiffany  Ito,  and  Bernade]e  Park    University  of  Colorado  Boulder  Department  of  Psychology  and  Neuroscience  

Summary  

Implica8ons  

Poten8al  Solu8ons  

Future  Direc8ons  

Target  par8cipants’  (females  with  volume  tutorial)  exper8se  was  recognized  in  the  non-­‐threat  condi8on  but  it  went  unno8ced  in  the  stereotype  threat  condi8on.      There  was  no  effect  of  stereotype  threat  on  how  non-­‐targets  rated  the  other  non-­‐targets  in  their  group.  Stereotype  threat  did  not  result  in  a  general  nega:ve  evalua:on  of  the  target,  effects  were  specific  to  percep8ons  of  target’s  math  ability  and  contribu:on  to  correctly  solving  the  problems.    

If  women  under  stereotype  threat  are  evaluated  by  themselves  and  others  as  worse  at  math,  they  may  miss  out  on  opportuni8es  for  advancement.    Companies  may  not  be  able  to  aQain  the  full  benefit  of  talented  female  scien8sts  and  engineers’  professional  exper8se  if  their  environments  induce  stereotype  threat.    

Stereotype  threat  is  not  an  intractable  problem.  A  growing  body  of  research  demonstrates  the  many  different  ways  to  cul8vate  non-­‐threatening  environments  and  buffer  women  against  stereotype  threat  including:  •  Increasing  women’s  representa:on  (Marx  &  Roman,  2002;  Stout  et  al.,  2011)    •  Providing  posi:ve  female  role  models  (Dasgupta  2011;  Stout  et  al.,  2011)    •  Emphasizing  an  incremental  view  of  intelligence  (Dar-­‐Nimrod  &  Heine,  2006;  Good,  Aronson  &  Inzlicht,  2003)  

•  Affirming  important  personal  values  (Martens  et  al.,  2006;  Miyake  et  al.,  2010)  

Behavioral  coding  of  group  videos  to  examine  the  effects  of  stereotype  threat  on  target  and  other  par:cipants’  behavior  during  the  group  task.      Examine  different  group  composi:ons  (e.g.,  3  females  and  1  male)  and  more  subtle  stereotype  threat  manipula:ons  (group  composi:on  alone  vs.  task  instruc:ons  alone).      Gather  data  with  groups  of  STEM  majors,  for  whom  stereotype  threat  is  especially  relevant.      Test  stereotype  threat  interven:ons  in  group  problem-­‐solving  context.    

**  p<  .01  *p<  .05  †p<  .10    

All  ps  >  .10,  ns   All  ps  >  .20,  ns  

**  p<  .01  *p<  .05  †p<  .10    

The  experimenter  gave  different  task  instruc:ons  in  each  condi:on:      

(n=25  groups  )   (n=24  groups  )