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Incineration ofa ChemicaDy Contaminated

Synthetic Soil Matrix (SSM)Using a Pilot-Scale Rotary Kiln System

M.P. IApotU.o, M. L Taylor and C. L Bndl'ey

Etw~riii'UNnlal T.chrdoOY o.plr'ln'*lt, PEl Anod&les, Inc.

ClnciMati, OIIIo45246 ft. C. TburDIU RiW. RIKIUction EngiMwlng L.tlol:atory, Environmental Protection Ag..q

Cincimati, Ohio45261

11\'TRODUCTION

The RetoW'CI: Contervation and Recovery Ad {RCRA) Haurdoua and Solid Wut.e

Amendment. or ln• (}{SWA) prohibit tht continued land dispoe.a) or untreatad haurdoua Wut.al

beyond tpecified date~. Tha at.tut.e nquiret the U.S. Environmental Prot.tdion Apncy (EPA) to

Mt "levela or methocle oftnatment.. tr any, which tubl tafttiaUy diminilh the toxicity of the waate

or tubetantiaUy reduc. the likelihood or mil'ation ofhaunloua conetitunb from the Witte 10 that thort.-t.enn and lon1·t.enn threau to buman hullh and the anvironment &N mini mind.- In

adctitioa to adclru.U.a tu.tun l1111d ditpo..l or t}*dfte litt.d wutet, tbt RCRA land ditpoe.al

(.--.. rettrictiont alto addrue Lha ditpo.al or Mil and debria from Compr.baoai.... Eaviroameat.J

RetpoDM, Compenutioo and Liabi.Hty Ad (CERCLA) lite rHpoDM .aiou. s.ctiou IOIU(d) (S)

and (a) (S) or RCRA nata that the IOIVdebria waata mat.arial NWltiq r'tom a Superfund·ftnaru:ed

NlpOftM action or ara nf'orc.mtnlauthority napon• Ktion imp)emantecl under Sectiona 104 and

106 ofCERCLA. ntpedively, will becoma a\lbjed. to thaland b&n on NO't'amberl, ll88.

BecauM SuperfWid aoiVdebri• wuta of\an clitran aiplrkanUy from othar type1 or

ba~ardo\11 wuta, the EPA ia davelopinr af*Ciftc RCRA Section SOOf (m) atandardt or level•

applyina to tba tr..tmentoft.he• waat.M. Th... 1tanda.rdt wDI be davaloped lhrou.ah tba

avaluation of belt damon1trated and availabla t.eehnoloJ'iea (BDAT). In tba future, Superfund

wa1t.ea in c:omplianca with theN nru.lationa may ba depoaltad In land dl1po1al u.nitl; wute1 not

1DMtin1 tha al&ndarck will be b&nnd rram land di1poaal ~ml••• a variance ia l1~ued.

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ln early 11187, EPA '• Huardou• W••t.t EnJineerinr Re~ean:h Labor1tory (now known 11

lhl' Rilk Reduction EnrinHrinr Laboratory), at the Fl'q\lell or the omoe of Emerpney and

Remedial Rupon~e, initiated a re~ean:h prorram to evelulte variou• tnetment technolori•• for

c:ont.eminat.td toil and debri• from Superfund 1itn Under Ph•~e J oUhi• NMarth pro,ram,

which waa conduct.td from April to November 1987, a 1ynthetic toil rnatria {SSM) wu 1pibd with

d11'mical contaminant. typinl of \.hoM found at Superfund 1i\e1. Portion• of the c.hemically·

1pibd SSM were implement.td in blnch·Kale and pilol·Kale performance evaluation• of five

available treatment technolOJie• includinal) toil w11hlna, 2) chtmical tnatmenl (KPEG), 3)

thermal de1orption, 4} incineration, and 6) at.ebili:tatio.vtlxation. Thi1 paper coven thOM

~eam-nt. of PhiH J related to pr.paralton and 1pUr.ina of the SSM and evaluation of incineration

u a treatment technolol)'. A.. part ofthll technoloa>' evaluation, a c:omplet. •riel ofpDot·IC&le

tnt bum• wu conducted and a tt.tt.ry of proce11 and emiuion Mmple• wen oonedad and

analyzed. Re1ult.1 of theM te1tt1 an dneribld herein.

MElliODS AND EXPEIIIMEl\'TAL ·._,

The toil matria lltftlponentl ol the SSM (1M Ta~el)were Nleded on the bui• of an ut.uiw

review of IIOil eom.-ltion data from nearly 100 Superfund 1it" from variou Retionallocation•.

The 10{] wu prepand b)' lnt air dr)rinc tha eompon1nt.1 to mlnimiu moi1tw.., then mi.J:ina the

component. toplbar in a 1tandard trlldt·mountad Ilia c:ubtc-yard cement millar to obtain two

identical 16,000 pound batchu. Tbi1 opertUon w11 oompletld et an OMo tand and ,ravel quarry

u lna standard ptoon141qUipmmL The SSM wa1 then di•pen•d in 600 pound quantities into

epolC)'·lined , 55-&a1lon ltael dnun1, loaded Oll a natbld truck, and tran1port.acl to EPA'a C.Dter

Hill Re~earch Facility in CinciDnati, Ohio when the chemleal• (or analyt.~:~) weN added.

A.naly•i• of the SSM rwftaled that tt had a pH of8.6, and a eation excbanp capacity of 133

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meqiJOOml. It""'' 1lto c:h.cked for cont..minant. lppurinr on EPA'• Hnardou• Subllalnot Uet and found to be contaminant·free . 1

Tahlrl CJug Sol! fgrmula

Percant (by volume)

30 Clay "

25 Slh

20

20

10""'

"Bentonite and Montmorilonitt

The cbtrnicalt which were tubtequently added. to the SSM wtr. MlkiM to bt np!'H111tal:ivre

of tpedl\c: compowub or du•• of chemical compounU typkany fou.nd ia contandn•ted 10111 • t

Superfund litat. Tbl orpnic chemica11 1ddt:d induW ethylbenuM, tc:etoae, 1,2

dichloroethane, t.trachloroethyleM, chlorobanune, atynne, K)'lenl, enthr.o...,

pentachlorophenol, end bit (24thylh..yl) phthal•t.e. S.lu or oxidt:! of' the followiq inorpnic

wtre alto ddecl: lead. zinc, cadmium, lrMnic. copper, chromium, and nickel. In order to

chellenp the inciDI!ration l)'ll.em with both 1 hi&h and a low ranp or contamiftant

coDCinlrationa, aw;b 11 oqur •t lJRjW Supcrf'ynd witc• . two differtnt 1plbd 10il fOrmulationl

by a r1ttor or lOX; i.e., total orpnlc contaminant. were 11t at approxim1tely 30,000 mw'kl U. OM

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formulation of apihd SSM and 3,000 mclkc ln the other formulation . The level (or the inorcanic

eontlminanU waa Nt at 1000 mrlkrln both rormulation1. Table 2 pro'lid11 a complete liatinr or

the contlminant concentration• tarpted ror eeth formulation . Nearly tc,OOO pound• of eath of the

two formulation• ohpiked SSM were prepartd in July and Aucwt ofli87 for the teat burna which

wert aubwquently conducted in September of li87.

l1.cineralion Tel1 Facility

The 11ri11 of tnt bum• wa• conducted at the John Zink Comp111J'1 RCRA·permitted

t.,tinc (an11ty located in Tv.l11, Oklahoma. The I.Ht (acUity con11au of Mveral pllot·ecale

modular componenta which can be a1Mmb1ad in a varilt.J of confipratioDI.

For thia tnt 11rie1, • rotary kiln ayatem wa• uNd aa ahown Khamatic:eUy 1ft Pipn 1. The

ayatem con•la&ed of a nfradorJ·liDM rotaFJitDn 15 fMt in la:qth and 6 '-tiD outeidt diameter,

fit t.ad witb a aat\lnJ pi fuJlNmer, I KnW CIOD'IeJOt (or r.Niq buiJt MJid.a , ud a CODtiDUOU

bottom aah nmoval and quench ~Y~tam . Oa111 l'rvm the ltOn wer. d~ to a hori&olltal

MCOndary combutiOD chamber (10 Mt in lenrt)l, 4.6 r..t iD ouUide diameter, ud fi.Uacl with a

ut\lnJ pa bw'Der). a C)'doDe ..,.rator for nmovaJ oflarp pu1iculalea iD the pa atrum, a pa

cpeMh MCtion, an a4,iuftatH veabni ICT'Ubblr, and an inclu.S-baft tan. 7or tlda leal, the rotary

ld ht. wu poaitioned for CO

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Wu.ula

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Elhylbenune

Xylene

Tetrachloroethylene

Clllorobtnzene

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l:Z·Dichloroelhana

Styn:na

Anlhr.-na

Bia(24th)'lhe•yl)phthalat.

Panbchlorophanol

Lood

Ztae

Cadmium

Araaote

CGoPo•

Nickel

Chromium

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..,.,. .., 600 "' ... ..

6,800 "" 100 "'

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6,800 "" uoo ... la:ll 1M

10,000 IJlOil

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IJlOil IJlOil

The Uat duirn called for the aompleHon of thrM 4-hour &.et l bum runt for ..eh SSM

formulation. The feed ra~ t.o the incinerator waa maintAined at approDmately 1000 poundt per

hour of contaminated aoil. Tha kiln rotation apeed waa maintAined at O.SS rpm U.rouahout all

tea\.11 to provide 1 aolidt n:&.ention ti!M in the kiln of 45 minute1. The temperlhU't: ortht: kiln Wll

maintained •tl80G-F durine all t.ntl and the ~eeondary aombuttion ehamber wae maintained at

2tlOO*F. Excna air Wll fed t.o both combu.tlon chamben at all tlmea, and the ac:rubber watar wae

Tft)'Cled eomple&.ely, with no ~ow clown.

The &eat plan lito called for a •eompleta prootaa nd ttaek emi11ion monitorine pror• m.

The vol•tile tompounda ethylbent•n• 1nd •ylane and the Hmlvolatile compound• anUn·.cene

and bit(2·ethylhuyl)phthalat.e were duianet.ed as Principal Oreenie Haurdou1 Conltituenll

(POHCa) bec:auae they ""' pTI:HIIt in tha waa&.e feed in the l1rpat ~tnCtUnt.a . Tbete two compound.

• • well 11 each ofthl other orpnk and inoraanle eompoundt which were added to the Wtt toll•

were quanti tated in the incinerator tnnuent and affluent aampl11. Ot.Mr par1ma:ten monitord

durinr th• t.ut ..n .. includ.d ehlorin•ted dlbento-p.dioJ::int ud dibenzorurul in tha ........ rMd,

bottom aah, ud IC:J'\Ihblr watar, ud HCl, particulate,~ . CO,, ud CO iD the P• ttnamemefllnr

&om the air pollution tyttem. All or tht aamplina and anllyai• methoU uti6sed for the

monitorinr proaram ..,. EPA·tpprowd methodt.

John Zink pereollnel operated the lncineratioD 1yatem throqhou.t the •tir. t.t protfUD.

They 1110 provided ltandard 1yatem performanc- monl t.orinr conai.Unr or ooatinuoua tamperature. r u Oow, and 02 monitorinr thTouah the kiln and MC:Ondary ~amber, pl\ll

continuoua monitorinr of CO, C02, and NOx in lht t Lack p HI u:i tiq the WiiU)' bumer. PEl

pertonnel collected Ill proo111 aamplu o( toil (Hd, bot &om aah, a nd tc:nlbber water thnuchout each

te1t rv.n . PEl peraonnel aleo eo11eded eontinuout alack 111 ..mplu from aample port. followint

the venturi (or volab1ta (YOST). Mmivolttilel (MMS), metela (EPA Method 12), HCI (EPA Method

6). CO, C02, and OJ. anl l)'lll throuahout eaeh teat TUn. A ehart t how;nr the ov.raii monitorii)J:

and atmplinr pllft i1 ahown in Fil\lft 2. Tht atmpl• potU uaed by PEl (or tf.lck teatina purpottl

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BAIRD & MCGUIRE

of tho docuMent notlco, It lo duo to tho

ADKINISTRATIVE RECORD

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were l0C81tad in the nlll between the venturi .crubber and the tertiary af\erburner. 1lle port. were 4

inchu in diamet.er, locatad on a nrtie~l, 12·inch I. D. Mction ornue about 16 rnt abo¥t 1"0\&1\d.

Prior to the a tart ofeach taat, the combu.ltion ayat&m wu brouaht up to optratinr temperature

by lirina natura) pt in the- 1y1tam for MYira) hOUri. The- proeeu of feedin( aoj) t.o t).e Jd)n Wal

1tart«d only at\er the iout ay1tem waa operatinc aati1factorily at tteady alate condition. Th•

auxiliary fue-l tl.rina rate wa• djuatad automatically by ayattm controla to maint.ain a ataady

operatinc temperature throuchout each nan.

The M-rallon dnuna or toil were at.a1td on the haurdoua wuta atorap pad katad

immediately al\jacwnt to the teat .caWprnanL Druma ware tranaport.ed to the ecrew OODftJ'Or uinr a

hydraulic dnun Jif\er. onca tha drwna haa bean emptied of faad matarW, &haJ _..,.. uad to

containerize th• bottom aah, which ultimataly ..,... Mnt for diapou.J to U.S. Ponutioa Coni.J'ol,

lnc.'a Lone Mountain RCRA landtnl in Oltlahoma.

RESULTS

Twonanaper4ay.,.recondudeclo't'lrt.heS-dayperiodofS.ptemt.r11, 17,11,1117. Jlmu 1,

2, a.od S were conduct.d with SoD Formulation J ChiP OlJ'anica) and nana " · 6, and 1 ...,..

conductad with Soi1 Formulation D Oow orpnica). No aipl8canta proWema with 1M incinerator

ayllam wen anco~U~taftd durina thne taata.

The proceu operatina data coliacted durinaeach teat(... Table 3) indicate the

tamperaturea and read rata• achiaYad were rutonably cl01a to the teat plan roala (i.e., J800•F iD tha

kilo, 2000•F in the aaoond.ary, and a oominal feed rata of 1000 po\&1\cla per how). Ezceaa air

(meaa\l.nld a a lo 0 2) wu maintained at about S penltnt in tha 1a1n and about 6 percent iD tba

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f'J ,Mcond•r:Y ch1mber durina both te•t.. Emi11ion• or 0 2 , C02, and CO - re 11udy throuchout; CO Rmaln1d at )ell than 10 ppm at aJI time1 ellotpt for a f1w brier extU.rliOftl Of 45 k> et) ppm, which

la•Ud from 1 to5minute.. At.otal of13,132powuhofSoll J and 13,460pound•orSol1 Dw.re

ind nuat.d ovu a C:OWM or 3 day1 th1t involved 20 houn and 22 minUI.al or ta1tina.

Process umplu or wute feed, bottom ash, and tcru.bber wat.r thalw.n u.lt.imataly

run. Sa mpl11 analyzed for volat il11 were colled.ld a1 di1cnta 1ampl" at the betinnina. middle

and end or aach nan, and compotit.d alUM time or analyli1.

Two appro.che1 ..,.. utiHlad in analylina the proc:u1 Nmpln that w.re c:oDact.d 4u.rina

each tnt run. Fint ot.JJ, tba ..,.,plea"" analysed for 0.. total CIDDteftt o(each tupt ualyte uin1 EPA SW-148 methMI. Seamd. TCLP proceclu.rH waN uaad to develop 1Nchabllity ._ta for

tha wane t'Md and U.. bottom uh ~~mpl• hm udl \ett run. Tht TCLP aad tot.aJ aaal)1e

We@ [trd Anelywe

Tabla • Jiata the data obtained throuch t.otal anal)'lil orthe wan. r..dltoH nmplaa

collKtad duri na the tall pJ'OIT&mi the conoentnlion• found for mon. ol'the arWy\M ..,.

reuocably dON to the desired tarpt., althoqh 10me of the orranics were on the low 1icle ofth•

tarpted v.Ju11.

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) One notable neeption ia the roup ofre11.al U for ptnLic:hlorophenol (PCP). Five oflhe alx

fHd 11mple1 railed to 1how any detKLible concentration or the compound, even thoqh it. Wll

known that PCP w11 added touch balch either at the 1000mi/11;1le¥el or It the 100 m&lklleve1.

One pouible ••planation for thie may be rtlat.ed to the C1UT'Int SW-346 11mple preparation method

"A·hich calh for an acid diae~tion of the toil ..mple prior Lo 1nalyei1; repoNdly, thi• di~1tton

proe~dure i1 very ineffective in liberatina PCP rrom the toil into the ••tract which i1 ultimately

analy1ed . l

taken eimul&An.oualy from the feedtt.ock du.rinallch \ell run). n. table alto lilt. the np.latory

liml" that have been propoaed for MYiral or the analyws. The data ill Table 5 Uulicat.e that both

unmated eoils fail the TCLP Lilt for voletile1 , but pall for all of the ino,..aniccont.aminanta.

lnttqm Alb ApeJym

Table 6 lieta the rHult. from anal)'•" of the bottom uh 11mplu coDeded: durin1 uch of

the Lilt J'\lftl. The orpnic mmpou.ndl chlorot»nuM, ll)'f'IDI, tetrechloroethJIIne, ~~t~thNCeM,

end pentachlorophenol were not ..~ In atiJ ofthluh 11.mpl11, iDdicetinc that they WIN

10m1timu found in thluh of both 10111 end 1,2-dichlorotthaftl Wll found in the ash produced

dwin1 two of the thl"M teeta otSol1 D; the amoun" reportad were VIr)' tmall (In the low parta-per

biDton ran,.) end within 2 to S time• the method dalection limit. Acetone wu found in thluh

~amplu ofall rulls for both toils at lt¥111 ranJina from 110 to 710 I'JI'iC. the11 llvela are 24 to H

times hiahar than th• method detld.ion llv•l (81'JI'il>· SitnilarlJ, thl phthalate enllyt. wu found

iD the aah or an lix run I at )tWill tnlnJ times th• method det.Ktion limit.

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The reported f\ndinp ofelhylbtnune, aylene, 1,2-dic.hloroethane, acetone, and \he

phthalat. in the uh 1hould bt viewed with caution. BKauae lhe tint thf'H compoWidt WaN foWid

intermittently and typically at le\1111 wery cloM l.o the method detection Jewel (MDL), tht val\MII

potitiwe evidenc-. oflhe pre~enc:e of theN materiall.. The nluea repoNd for the latter two

compounda..cannot be d.iuNtnd t1 analytkal noin btcau.. the concentration• repon.d weN

many timn b irfler than the MDL; howavtr, intpKtion ofthe ruambera thowa that the value•

"porwd for lM ath ofSoil] IN very limilar Lo thoM repon.d for the ub orson n,evm t.houah the

input Waite f" d levtl for theM c:ompounU (aoet.ont and phthalate) w.. JVU,t\ly 10 timn hiahtr in

Soil r than in Soil n . Tbil il auantive of aampJ. conLamination eomewhere iD the I )'Item, either in the fteld durinaaamplina or: in the lab durina anal)'lla.J It il alao DOUwortby that 'atpll\cant

quantitie• of phthalat. weN found durin a anal)'lit in Mvtral of the method blukt, and both

acetone and phthala\.H an walllulown contaminanta that inaclwertantly abow up in cMmic.aJ

) The total metalt data ffllf' the aah aampJ.• .,. parhapa tha moet iD&IINttina. Prior to teettna,

it wu antidpatad. that moet ol'the ...W CIOIKIIntzatlone in the uh wouJcl tnd to be elevated

-,.m to tht ...... faed , b totha oomWMcl.tracta of,....ntHin ofiDittallln the uh aDd-.. or water and orpnic:l from the lead dwina tha indnentioa pf'OCIHI. Cadmium Jevala iD tba ub,

however, werautidpeted to be lower llua to volatOiution ofthe metal in the kilt1 at the hlP

operatina tampenture ofJaOO-P. A. axpedoad, cedmiu.m levtla in tbt ub wera low, at ltiutH.t

ptftltftt lower than the wuta r..d lavelt~. 8urpri.tna1y, an oft.ha ot.her metal level• u.pt r. araNc: were alto CDtllidtrably lower i ll the uh (on the ordar ol50-80 percent lower) that1 Ia the

16

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.... ,u reed. Areenit levels, on th• other hsnd, were more th•n double tho.. round in lhe r.d.

Table 7 Provide•. oompari.on or the met.al• cbta In tha ••h rel•tive t.o tha oriflnal r ..d for Soil I;

similar resulu were obt.ained for Soil D, which bad thlllMntially the ume l•vell orm~tall ln the

SoU 1 Bgttgm Ash• Tgtel Wutr Aqelnls BnuiY for Mrfelt

Averace Amowlt Avt1'81pAmout PeruDtRemaJ..a.l.Dc'

F..... loFood Fouodt.AM loAah

Teblr 7

- Bwnll"'mdi' BYDII..,mlk Arsen ic II .. 217 Cadmium ..

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18

Table 9 prnent. the rttWt. ofanaly111 of the terubber water tamrle• oolleded prior~ and

durina eac:h Wit run for t.olal orpnle and inorranic analyttt. The anai)'HI indicate that the

tcrubber waU>r wa• e ...ntially free of all oraanlc:a from the Soil I and Soil D fnd•, except for

ac:atone, which appearwd in Runt 2 and 3 at low ppb levalt, and phthalata whic:h appeared in foUTof

the tb. run•. alto at low ppb leYIII. In both ee111, the amoW\t. dateaed were only 2-3 titnM the mathod .t.Lection limit.. Pentathlorophanol waa alto Mt.aded in thetm~.bber watar rrom two of the

thrM run• on Sofl 1, at 4 and 8 ucfliLer,leYII• which aN 10.20 timM hlaf\ar than tha MDL. Two

volatile compound. which WIN not added tD the was\e faed, chloroform and

bromodichloromethane, WIN clatacted at low ppb lt:Y1l1 both In the innu.nt Kn&bbar water pricw tD

Tha metalt d.ata for the ecnabbtr wa\er haYI baan partially evaiWit.td. Tha total voluma of

water that rechada\td throulh the ac:rul:lbllr IJitem hu baan •tim1tad at 400 pllooa, with

ev1pontiY11ouft made up at the rate ot abotat 4 ptlonl par minute. Tba wat.r wu recim&Ja\td

continuw.Jy tJuwch null l.C witl.out .,., diiCharp or bktwdowD. "-umint an fllthe 8llria)a

IIC1'\Ibbad f'rom the alack paM ware retained in the acrubbar wat.r (i... that &hera wu DO car!)'O'YI'f

with the avaporetiY'IIoa...}, th1 vaiUM reponad from ualyli1 olthe ~rwater umple tabn

durioan&n lthoWd beindieatiw olthe lotaJ metalteaptW'I by th1 acrubber ..t.erO¥arthaCIOW"M of

tha ail n&nl. Calc:ulttionl ubliliftl tha avarap metal• ooatent of the wut. r..4, the total aJDOWit

of aoi1 fad. the valuu NfiOrt.ed in tba ICI'Ubbtr wa\er &om nm I, and tha total ettimatecl vo1taJM of

19

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0000000 zz.zzzzz

ccccocc z.z.zzzzz

OC:COCCO z.z.z.zzzz

0000000 zzzzz.zz.

~000000 zz.zzzz

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20

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Krubber water (400 pllont), h..,e produe~d the fotlow:inr e1tirnat.u or lhe ,.rcent meLilt n:Liined

Metal Ptzrn!

Cadmium 1.2

ChTomium ...

Arunic 1.3

Nickel cO.I

..... 0.6 Zi nc 0.2

Coppo.. 0.2

around met.llic contaminlll'IU that are int:h\«Tat.d with 10iJ1 under u.... cotulitioft1.

ftmdt• gf Qlgr!g end fynp ApeiY'U

Wa•LI reed, aenahbiT wataT, ucl ..h aamplt• &Utn dwina Jlun• 2 ud 1 ...,. uaJ,.tlor

tM PftMDC. of chlorinated cbllnllo-p-clioDn• and dibeniOftaranl (total Wn·, pnLI·, Mu·, •d

oda· chlorinated iaomen) u.ina EPA Method 1210 (SW.a.l, Third Editioo). The aaat,... r.Ded

to &.teet the pruence of dioxiu or furan1 in anJ ol the aamplH. All •urropte oompoucl

hOOYiriea wen: within tha limit. 1pedfted by the method.

AlrEmUIIon Te.t Rnultt

JlCRA rerulationl requit. that bau.TcSou. wuta indnera\on meet certain nquiremanb

lor particul1te, HCI , and POHC amit.Son1. Th1 reeulb o(analy•e• or the ttack ..mpln ooDaetecl

cluriDI tha Soil I and Soil D kat bum• inclicete the pardcu)ate concentration• (c:ornct.cl to 7 paro~nt

21

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0 ) wen: below the RCRA allowable limit of 0.08 JrfdKf' for each nil. In additon the HCl 2

aminion rate• (In pound• per hour) wen: c:ontidarabl)' len than the RCRA allowable nte or 4.0

lblh for aath nil. AJ.o, 11 noted pravioutl)', ath)'lbenuna,ll)'lane, anthracene and tuC2·

ath)'lhn:)'l)phlhalata were detianat.ad POHCe for all taat nant. ~ Hln in Tabla 10, U.. dettndion

and nmoval efficiency (DRE) parfonnance ttandard of lt.ti percent w11 achiaYed for thne of

the four deaianat.ed POHC• (eth)'lbenune, llylane, and anthracene) in all aia nana. ADRE of

19.1!11 percent wu ac.h~ved for the phthalata compo\IJid in thNI: of the Ilia run1; aampla

contamination (ba,dt,round Jev•l) problem• an btltavad to bt ,...poneibla l'or the poor DRE rHulta

in two of the otherthne 1"11nl. In OM nan, phtbalat.a .,.. notdatec\ed.in t.he watt. W. prawntina

cakul1Uon of a DRE for that run.

to thoae diKUIMd above) in Soil I in an three Nftl; for Soil n, which Ud the low.r Jevell of

Oflanics, the H.lt percent DRE waa damon~tta&ad ill all thrM nanel'or ac:ekme and

dicbloroethaM, and iD two ou.t of three Nftl lbr chJorobaDMIII, .tJriDI, and t.tnc:bJoroetlu\elll.

In aawnl in1laneea, actlona and dkhloroathana could oot ba ~diD the alack paaa: ta thaN

CUM, the minimum method datactioa limiY o( 6 Dl for actlonl and 1 Dllbr diehJorolthaae _.,.

ued to calculate the minimum DRE .chMved. DREa oould DOt be calculated b

•tncWoroeth)'leM ia lbllll, phthalate to Jtua I , artd pntachloropheool io Jlul 1.1, 4,1, aod I

bacauaa otraihua to detact the analyt.aa ia the wute W aam.-.: in tha ODe nm whlira

,_atacblorophnol wu dat.dad in tha wuta read, a •kulation waa pouibla aDd: tha DRE ucaaclacl

H .H parent Tba problema I:DliOQfttarw& in datec:tilla tba pen\ac:hJorophanol that... a4W to tha

waat.a r.ad are balirted to ba rala\ad to tha analytical Nmple pNparatioa procadwn outlillld iD the

SW-8415 method that ••• UMd, u prwvioUJ1y diac:\I..Mad.

22

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------- ----

)~'

TABLE tO. s-==; oi(JrpldclJIIKiw. /ft•lfl6tn.,.,_..•~f. ,.,rtole(aJ/,... , s.MIII .,....,~ ....... ...... 3 T... TN~~.$ T.... 6

Vola:tlln Elhylbenzme 99.999 99.999 99.!1911 99.!1911 99.~ 99.999

Xylene 99.999 99.999 99.!1911 99.992 99.99 99.998

Tetrachloroethylene ND!bl 99.999 99.997 99.!1911 99.9119 99.991

Chlorobenr:ene 99.!1911 99.999 99.!195 99.996 99.91111 99.996

Acetone 99.999 99.999 99.999 ::.99.999 >99.999 99.999

1.2 Dichloroet.hane >99.99 99.999 99.99R >99.t!l >99.99 99.!1911

Styrene 99.!1911 99.9!111 99.!195 9!1.9511 99.993 99.997

&mioolotilft Anthncene >99.91 >99.99 >99.99 >99.99 >99.99 >99.99

PenUchlorophenol ND(e) :>ft.ft ND (d ND(d NO (c) ND{d

Bi• (2-et}tllhe!lll f:hlhalat.t 99.99 99.999 99.117 9!1.!1!12 99.8 ND (d) NO a Not determined (a) 111iDRE • ((fneN in • mall eut) I ruu inl a 100 (b) Analytical result for tol.lll t.etnchloroeUty~ In ...e. reed rejected for QA ..H.... (c) None detected in t.ht waste feed (cletedion tiwlil 3.3 ......., or in at.ck ..,..ae (detmion limit 0.5 m~r lota1)

(d) None detected in the wute feed (de\edien liwlit 44 "W'k«J

:::

~UIWnHp lilt jO

3.lilOD::>H "J QHIY& tilt o:a tnp •1 t1 ·•~nou IJift UWifl JWI(O .... II

QHO:l3H 3:/U.LYH'J.SINIKQY

t8ww1 "'Ill tq~ .If :]~UON

Table 11 ahoWl the ~ltulat.ed percent loll of metal• Lo the atmoepherw from the Soil I r..d

0 l!tock UHd in Run• ) .3. The.e nh.111 were derived from Lot.ll mall emi11ion dat.l and Ole \ot.ll man feed dat.a for each metal. Cadmium proved Lobe the rno1l volatile of the met.all t..ted , with

bustot.he atmotphtr.ofaboutStpel"CCInL Loueaoftheolber metal a ,on aver-ct. _,.. ku than

thfft JWn:Rnl ueh. Zint, copper, and areenk wtre found in the kutamo\ln\8. Tho~ not ahown

here, the nwt.alt emiuion ntulta for Soi1 D wert wryaimilar to \hOM for Soi11 .

Y,hlr 11 pta=rnt lmJpfMrt•btpU!t ,\tmmnhmfgrWIJ

Mr!ol -....AT..nit ...Cadmium Chromium .,..,.,

u

0.48

uLood ...Nickel OAOZiae

Combutioa pau ia the Rack emillioea were oootin.Wy IDOOitor.d dwiq uch tell

run for CO, CO,. ar:ad Ot- Aw,.,. val.- lor each rw. an iDdDW ia TaW. a. VaiUM for aacb

anal;yte nmaiMd Nlativt~ly ataady throqhOI.lt uch teet with oaly a r.w ahort·Worm UCW~km of

OM to ftw: mial.ltel • CO remained at._. Ulu 10 ppm at an tirnN •UII'Pl dwinJ theM axunionl

when it roM to 45-90 ppm.. DwinJ tbe CO tiC\lniODI, tM ~content of the at.ldc pa typically

dropped to Mar uro percent . nne event.,,. beli....ed to oon.tpond \o briern\U.. or •\UP• tn

24

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., CONCLUSIONS

Then tludi.. have thown that incineration can be a bl1hly eiTK'tivt: tru\mtnt m~thod for

incineration it likely to be conticlerably l111 ha1ardow than tile untr..wd 10il, •• m..twwd by the

make them leu likely to mlaTate from tbe tr..ted Nlidu.al when landlitled. The daLe from th...

kat& indicate that under wan controlled conditione, and livton tutrlc:int IXJIOIIUN to hiP

t.mperatur.t, the orpnlc oontamlnantf likely to be encountered in cont.lminatecl toile ntWtina

&om retpotiN adiont at Superfund eitee can be dettro}'M and/or niDO'IM to level• mMtiol or

UCMdin1 H .H percent. Ho-.v.r, tha contamin.n\a lftt.llt be p,...nt in Jevelt Nllidutly hlah to

enluated. bef'oN thty an ind.Mratad. TbHe ud odMr ttudin ha-.. prod..ad evidence that...,.

....tall, tach u cadmium. can volatilize in tbe ,_.udl be ..Uu.d ia 1arp part with the Ndt

p1H, evan when efi\Ont water-be.S lmlilbbl1 syNme for particulate nmoval an emploJ'IW.

'J'ha iftduion or a mon amdent p1 cootina 111Ym prior to U.. KJUbbtr 01' ~ adclitioo of an

aledl'o~Latie pi"Kipit.tor to the air pollution oontrol l)'llem IDIIJ improw tlM c:aptvn: ol¥Olat0a

metal•. Altematively,1owariq thalndMratioa temperatUN tbould Ndua~~ tha nt. ofmet.a..

volatilitation, but the aft'ed 011 DRE muat oot t.. comproml..cL Further 1tucliH In thl• area ~~rt

25

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thlt work ••• funded in it. tntiret.y by the U. S. Environmental Pro\ecdon Aceney under

Contr.ct No. 68.03-3389, Work A"iJTUMnt No. 7, R. Thumtu, Plvjed Offimr. PEl A11oci•tu,

Inc.. , Cincinnati, Ohio, wa• the pritnt eontrtctor with tubeontrador tupport from Radian

Corporation (umple analytil) and John Zinlr. Comptny (iut facility). Ill.. Elpo

REFERENCES

1. PEl A.tiOCiatet, Inc. CERCLA BDAT 8ARM P'rept.1'11tion and R11Wte of Pbylkal SoD

Wathina Experimenta. Final Report, Volwne~ t and U, EPA Conttlld No. &a..os-341, Janv.ary

26,1188.

2. Dr. Danny Jaclteon, Raclian Corporation, Autin Tau1, Ul/U, Penonal

Communication .

27

ar_index4.2.14.2.24.4.14.4.24.5.1-4.6.24.6.14.6.24.6.2vol24.6.34.7.14.9.15.1.15.2.15.3.1-5.4.15.3.25.3.35.3.45.3.55.4.15.8.110.8.113.2.113.313.4.113.4.217.7.117.7.217.7.317.7.417.7.517.7.617.7.717.7.818.4.1end

barcode: *554480*barcodetext: SDMS Doc ID 554480