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In this presentation I will be discussing:
How Nuclear Reactors work What Nuclear Fission is Where Nuclear
Power Stations are in the UK Advantages and disadvantages of
NuclearPower
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The Nuclear Reactor
The Nuclear Reactor works by heating up water toturn a turbine.
The water is heated up by uranium pellets made of uranium-238 with
about 4% uranium-235. The pellets are place in rods so that they
can easilystop any reaction.When a neutron hits the uranium atom
the atomabsorbs the neutron, and splits so to become stable
again,(in the case of uranium-235 it changes intouranium -236,
an unstable isotope, and then splits toform barium-141 and
krypton-92) releasing energyand more neutrons.
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The Nuclear Reactor
(continued) This process is repeated happening fasterand faster
until it goes into a chain reaction:1. A uranium-235 atom
absorbs
a neutron and fissions releasing three newneutrons and some
binding energy.2. One of those neutrons is absorbed by anatom of
uranium-238 and does not continuethe reaction. Another neutron is
simply
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The Nuclear Reactor
(continued) lost and does not collide with anything, also
notcontinuing the reaction. One neutron doescollide with an atom of
uranium-235, whichthen fissions and releases two neutrons andsome
binding energy.
3. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium-235 atoms, each
of which fissions and releases
between one and three neutrons, which canthen continue the
reaction.
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The Nuclear Reactor
(continued) This energy that is released heats up thewater which
then evaporates and then turns
the turbine which turns the generator andproduces electricity.
The water is then cooled down and sent backinto a river.
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Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission is when a neutron hits an nucleus
of anatom and causes it to split into different elements.Before the
new elements are made a few neutrons arereleased, some of which
will hit some other atoms andcontinue this process. This process
releases energy that in a nuclear reactorwill be used to heat up
water to turn a generator.
When this process keeps on happening it is called achain
reaction.
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Nuclear Power in the U.K. There are several Nuclear Power
Stations in the U.K. These are found:
Active:Hunterston
TornessHartlepoolHeysham (1,2)WylfaSizewell (A,B)Oldbury
Hinkley PointDugeness (A,B)
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Nuclear Power in the U.K.
(continued)Inactive:DourneayChapelcrossCalder Hill
TrawsfynyddBerkelyBradwellWinfrith
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Nuclear Power in the U.K.
(continued)New Nuclear Power Sites:Bradwell in
EssexBraystones
KirksantonSellafield in CumbriaHartlepoolHeysham in
LancashireHinkley Point in SomersetOldbury in
GloucestershireSizewell in SuffolkWylfa in North Wales.
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Advantages andDisadvantages of NuclearPower
Advantages:Clean Power (only releases water vapour into the
atmosphere).Fairly efficient.Reliable.Disadvantages:Cannot release
the uranium into the environment after it hasbeen used as it is
still radioactive.Cost (from building the nuclear power
station)
