Health & Religion: A Determining Factor

Today we will be discussing:Role of religion will be discussing:• Role of religion in health• Religion in the U.S.• Partnering with faith-based organizations• health• Religion in the U.S.• Partnering with faith-based organizations

Today we will be discussing:• Role of religion in health• Religion in the U.S.• Partnering with faith-based organizations

Health & Religion: A Determining Factor

Dr. Vicki BoyeDr. Leanne Pounds

Dr. Jennifer Janousek

Question #1

How important is spirituality in your own life?

A. Very important B. Somewhat important C. Neither important/nor

unimportant D. Somewhat unimportant E. Not important at all

Question #2

Spiritual beliefs should be assessed and considered as part of public health efforts.

A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat agree C. Neither agree nor disagree D. Somewhat disagree E. Strongly disagree

Question #3

How often do you include a spiritual assessment during public health planning efforts?

A. Always B. Often C. Sometimes D. Rarely E. Never

Spiritual Assessment ToolsBELIEFB: BeliefsE: ExplanationL: Learn from the patientI: ImpactE: EmpathyF: Feelings

FICAF: Faith or beliefsI: Importance and InfluenceC: CommunityA: Address

HOPEH: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength, etc.O: Role of organizational religionP: Personal spirituality/practicesE: Effects on medical care/end-of-life issues

SPIRITS: Spiritual belief systemP: Personal spiritualityI: Integration with a spiritual communityR: Ritualized practices and restrictionsI: Implications for medical careT: Terminal events planning

http://www.geneticcounselingtoolkit.com/pdf_files/Cultural%20and%20Spiritual%20Mnemonic%20Tools%2011.06.09.pdf (pages 17-23)

“Through partnership with faith organizations and the use of health promotion and disease prevention sciences, we can form a mighty alliance to build strong, healthy, and productive communities.”

U.S. Surgeon General Dr. David Satcher, 1999

Application of Ecological ModelFaith-Based Organizations Role:• Hospitals• Clinics• Food Banks• Homeless Shelters• Recovery groups• Missions

• Sanitation• Water• Clinics• Health Education• Disease

Prevention• Reproductive

Health

Personal religiousness: • Meditation/prayer• Terminal/serious illness• Mental Health• Teen sexual health

information seeking

Religious social networks:

• Substance abuse

• Smoking

• Gambling

• Cancer screening

Provider / Client: • Varies by specialty and

setting• Adapt treatment

strategies

Federal Gov’t:• DHHS Center for Faith-

Based and Neighborhood Partnerships• Webinars• Toolkits• Best practice

resources

Religion in the United States

• Pew Research Center: Religious Landscape Study 2014

• Details the religious affiliation of the American public

• Phone surveys include more than 35,000 Americans over the age of 18 in all 50 states

• www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/

Nebraska

Unaffiliated; 22.8

Jewish; 1.9Muslim; 0.9Buddhist; 0.7Hindu; 0.7

Christian; 70.6

Major Religions in the United States

Unaffiliated Jewish Muslim Buddhist Hindu Christian

Source: 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center

Evangelical Protestant;

25.4%

Mainline Protestant; 14.7%

Historically Black Protestant;

6.5%

Catholic; 20.8%

Morman; 1.6%

Orthodox Christian; 0.5%Jehovah's Witness; 0.8%

Other Christian; 0.4%

Christian Denominations in the U.S.

Source: 2014 Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center

Religions and Health Beliefs

Brief overview of:• Christianity• Hinduism• Islam• Judaism

Question #4

Can you give some examples from your own public health practice of how religious practices have helped or hindered health?

Source: Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, 2014

Points of Intersection Between the Faith-Based and Public Health Sectors

Question #5

• How could/have you partner(ed) with faith based organizations in your public health practice?

Small Group Discussion:• What is the context for religion and health in this community?

• What are the key factors in this context that work for and against health and well-being?

• What are the key public and private entities/organizations that influence health and well-being in your area?  What are their relative contributions to health?

• What are the most important ways that religion and religious entities contribute to health in your area and specifically to a targeted health condition’s treatment, care and prevention?  What are their relative contributions?

• What are the “best”/ “most effective” religious entities/programs?  Of which are you “most proud”?  What are their characteristics and locations?

• What can you do to help religious organizations and entities in your area make a greater contribution to health?  What will you do as a result of this session?

Inquiry Process Questions from PIRHANA (Participatory Inquiry into Religious Health Assets, Networks and Agency), 2013

Success Story

Case Study: Memphis Participatory Mapping and Hotspotting Methodologyhttp://stakeholderhealth.org/memphis-mapping-hotspotting/

References:Anandarajah, G., & Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 62(1), 81-89. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010101/81.html.

Barkin, S. H., Miller, L., & Luthar, S. S. (2015). Filling the void: Spiritual development among adolescents of the affluent. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 844-861. doi: 10.1007/s10943-015-0048-z

Chaplaincy Care Leadership and Practice Group. (2013). Handbook of patients’ spiritual and cultural values for health care professionals. New York: HealthCare Chaplaincy. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from http://

www.healthcarechaplaincy.org/userimages/Cultural%20Sensitivity%20handbook%20from%20HealthCare%20Chaplaincy%20%20(312%202 013).pdf Dobbie, A.E., Medrano, M., Tysinger, J., & Olney, C. (2003). The BELIEF instrument: A preclinical teaching tool to elicit patients’ health beliefs. Family

Medicine, 35, 316-319.

Franzen, A. B. (2015). Physicians in the USA: Attendance, beliefs and patient interactions. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(5), 1886-1900. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9986-0

Hamilton, J. B., Galbraith, K. V., Best, N. C., Worthy, V. C., & Moore, L. T. C. A. D. (2015). African-American cancer survivors’ use of religious beliefs to positively influence the utilization of cancer care. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(5), 1856-1869. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9948-6

Idler, E. (2014). Religion as a social determinant of public health. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kim-Spoon, J., Longo, G. S., & Holmes, C. J. (2015). Brief report: Bifactor modeling of general vs. specific factors of religiousness differentially predicting substance use risk in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.004

Kim, Y., Carver, C. S., & Cannady, R. S. (2015). Caregiving motivation predicts long-term spirituality and quality of life of the caregivers. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(4), 500-509. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9674-z

Levin, J. (2014). Faith-based partnerships for population health: Challenges, initiatives, and prospects. Public Health Reports, 129(2), 127–131.

Levin, J (2014). Faith-based initiatives in health promotion: History, challenges, and current partnerships. American Journal of Health Promotion, 28(3), 139-141.

References cont’dLeyva, B., Nguyen, A. B., Allen, J. D., Taplin, S. H., & Moser, R. P. (2015). Is religiosity associated with cancer screening? Results from a national survey.

Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 998-1013. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9843-1

Maugans, T.A. (1996). The SPIRITual history. Family Medicine, 5(1), 11-16. Retrieved October 29, 2009 from http://archfami.amaassn.org/

cgi/reprint/5/1/11.

Mir, G., Meer, S., Cottrell, D., McMillan, D., House, A., & Kanter, J. W. (2015). Adapted behavioural activation for the treatment of depression in

Muslims. Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.060

Pew Research Center (2015). Religious landscape study. Retrieved August 28, 2015 from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/.

Puchalski, C., & Romer, A.L. (2000). Taking a spiritual history allows clinicians to understand patients more fully. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 3,129- 138.

Sanders, P. W., Allen, G. E. K., Fischer, L., Richards, P. S., Morgan, D. T., & Potts, R. W. (2015). Intrinsic religiousness and spirituality as predictors of

mental health and positive psychological functioning in Latter-Day Saint adolescents and young adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3),

871-887. doi: 10.1007/s10943-015-0043-4

U.S. Religion Census (2012). Retrieved August 16, 2015 from http://www.rcms2010.org/

Weinberger, A. H., Franco, C. A., Hoff, R. A., Pilver, C., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L., . . . Potenza, M. N. (2015). Cigarette smoking, problem-gambling

severity, and health behaviors in high-school students. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 1, 40-48. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.01.001

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Thank you!