In the margin of your text

• Note the types of bones found in the body• The functions of bone • Describe the Design of long bones

What do Braxton and Urban’s bones do for them?

Osteology The study of Bone

Structure and Growth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Human_skeleton_front.svg

Function of the Skeleton System

• Provides the body with physical support• Protection – vital organs• Movement - bones = levers joints = fulcrum • Storage of minerals (Calcium and Phosphorus) • Blood formation (Hemopoiesis)

Classification of BonesTwo main divisions

• Axial = skull, vertebral, and rib cage

• Appendicular = bones of upper and lower limbs, and the girdles that attach them to the axial

Bone types

• Long bones-• Short bones-• Flat bones• One Fish• Two Fish• Irregular bones-• Sesamoid (Seed like)• Find these bones on our skeletons, Yossarian and

Cassandra

Bone Structure

• Bones are organs!!!• They contain nervous tissue, connective

tissue, epithelial tissues in their blood vessels and

• Osseous tissue or bone tissue which is the main tissue found in bones.– What major class of tissue is osseous tissue?

Long Bone Structure

Bone Composition Spongy and Compact Bone

• Compact = external layer, the dense outer layer that appears smooth and solid.

• Spongy = internal part of the bone, a honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae– filled with red or yellow bone marrow

Yellow Marrow

• Found in a central tubular cavity in the long shaft of the bone. This cavity is called the Medullary Cavity.

• Fatty and delicious

Red Marrow• Found in the trabecular cavities of spongy

bone. • Site of Hemopoiesis

– In infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain red marrow.

– In adults, the medullary cavity extends into the ends of bones, and thus there is less red marrow tissue. Found in ends of large long bones, flat bones such as the sternum, and some irregular bones such as the hip.

Long Bone Structure

• Diaphysis = the long axis of the bone. Made of a relatively thick collar of compact bone, that surrounds the medullary cavity.

• Epiphyses = the ends of the bone. • Compact bone surrounds the exterior and

spongy bone is in the interior.– The joint surface is covered with articular (hyaline)

cartilage.• Epiphyseal Line = line between the diaphysis

and the epiphysis.

Membranes in Long Bone• Periosteum = a white double membrane

surrounding the entire bone except the joint surface.

Periosteum cont.

• Richly supplied with nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels. These enter the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen.

Endosteum

• Membrane covering internal bone surfaces such as the trabeculae of spongy bone..

Vocab review

• Periosteum • Diaphysis• Long bones

• Irregular bones• Hemopoiesis• Yellow marrow

• Storage of minerals • Short bone • Compact bone