In-Place Protection

2

SCHEMATIC OF INCIDENT SITE

HAZARD ZONE

: SOURCE

WIND DIRECTION

3

SCHEMATIC OF INCIDENT SITE

: SOURCE

WIND DIRECTION

Evacuate

In-Place

Protection

The 4 Steps of IPP

4

In-Place Protection

Minimise air exchange with contaminated external

environment

Contaminated Air

In-Place Protection

1 • Go inside a well enclosed room

2

• Close all doors, windows, vents

• Shut off all unprotected ventilation systems

3 • Seal all gaps

4 • Listen for further instructions

Step 1

Sounding of PWS

Tune in to radio or TV

Go inside a well enclosed room

Preferably with toilet and water supply

• more exposed area

• has 2 sides which

would experience

different wind

pressures thus

encouraging

infiltration

• no externally exposed area

• has buffer all round

• Negligible pressure differential to drive infiltration

• Provides additional time for IPP implementation as hazardous

materials needs to penetrate external facades before

challenging this zone

• 1 externally

exposed area A

C

B

C

A

B

WIND

WIND Neg

ativ

e

pres

sure

Positive pressure

Pos

itiv

e pr

essu

re

Step 1: Go inside a well enclosed room

Best

Worst

Step 1 – Points to Note

Protection zones should be interior with no exposure to

façade

Suction effect as wind blows across edges

If façade exposure is inevitable, minimise façade exposure

Minimise area of façade

Avoid external facades of more than one orientation\

External facades should have the lowest infiltration

characteristics

Protection zone should provide sufficient space for occupants

Recommended berth is 0.4m2 or more per occupant

Step 1 – Points to Note

Selected room should be such that ceiling plenum is

compartmentalised and sealed against adjoining zones

Infiltration of hazardous material may occur through

Ceiling luminaires

Cracks in ceiling tiles

Holes or crevices from interior renovation

Step 2

Close all doors, windows and vents

Greatly reduces air exchange with a few simple actions

Shut off all unprotected ventilation systems

Prevents intake of contaminated air from external environment

Step 2

Shut down lifts

Piston effect

Shut off all machinery

Reduces heat generation

Step 3

Seal all gaps, e.g.

Gaps between door and doorframe

Gaps between windows and sill

Ceiling vents

Use commonly available items

Tape

Trash bags

Step 3 – Points to Note

Possible options for tape include duct tape and masking tape

Duct tape more impervious

Use trash bags for gaps that cannot be effectively sealed with

tape alone

Trash bag +

tape

Louvred Window

Tape only

Solid Panel Window

Step 4

Listen for further instructions

Any MediaCorp TV or radio stations

IPP Kit

To be prepared in case of Hazmat incidents:

Rolls of wide adhesive tape

Sheets of plastic or trash bags

Scissors

Portable radio with battery

Non-perishable food, bottled water

Emergency Response Plan

17

ERP

Regulatory requirements for ERP:

Public and Industrial premises that require Fire Certificate

and/or Fire Safety Manager

Public premises

Occupant load of 200 pax or more

Industrial premises:

Floor area of 5000m2 or more

Occupant load of 1000 pax or more

Habitable height of 24m or more

ERP – IPP http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/building-professionals/fire-safety-permit-and-certification/emergency-response-

plan1.html

ERP – IPP http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/building-professionals/fire-safety-permit-and-certification/emergency-response-

plan1.html

Summary

22

Preparedness

4 Steps of IPP

Pre-Incident

Incident

Occurrence

Communication

Signal

Floor Plan &

Equipment

Roles &

Responsibilities

Ventilation

Systems

Go into

enclosed room

Close doors,

windows, vents

Seal all gaps

Listen for

instructions

Planning

Training