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In Italia, where it was born at the end of XIV
century, and like in others countries of Europe
where it spread after, the style of the
Renaissance which replace the Gothic style
which was on the top the last years of the
Middle Ages.
The Renaissance came back to a reverse
approach : the style didn’t depend anymore of
possibilities of the technique, it was founded
on esthetics principles, abstracts concepts :
the symmetry, the proportions, and on the use
of a language purely regulate in its vocabulary
and its syntax : the orders system.
This style put the beauty in the respect of this
principles in spite of all other consideration. It
came back at the vault in bower, at a static
conception of the construction, refrain from all
performance, the excessive elevation of the
volume, the reduction of sides, the opening at the
light. In this direction, it represented a real decline.
Reverting to the style of the Antiquity, the
Renaissance obeyed to several generals
rules which should preside all architectural
creation. We must realize that this basics
principles represented a change and, in the
same time, a reaction against the old
practices of the Middle Ages.
The regular plane : rigorous lines, straight fronts,
right angles.
Egality of spans : regularity in the rhythm of the
openings. For example, the frontages of the hospital of
Innocents, the Médicis’ palace and the Rucellai’s
palace.
Alignement of bays at a same level.
The symmetry : similitude between the two halfs of a
building in comparison to its meridian axis.
The proportion were one of the predominants worries
of the Renaissance : all the dimensions of a building
must be multiples of a basic module to be harmonious.
The Renaissance an architecture speak
for by new forms learned of the antic art
who are like the words of a new
language and amass its style. The orders,
at the same time system of proportion
and decorative language, are the
founding principles.
The column, feature elements of the antic
architecture, is putting back ah the honor. Sit
on top of a capital, it brought an horizontal
entablement composed of three elements : an
architrave, a frieze and a salient cornice.
The cupola on pendants and the vault on
pendants contain news.
The tambour, the dome and the lantern : at
the XVI century, we interject between the
pendants and the cupola a cylinder-shaped
tambour by the windows from which we could
light the crossroads.
The vault in pendants introduce by
Brunelleshi at the portico of the hospital of
Inoocents. It is composed by the gather of four
pendants which give him the form of a (calotte)
failing again in bill-like in the angle.
The ornament : in base of geometrical pattern
or taxidermist.
The boss, that the Middle-Ages has reserved at
the military arhitecture, was introduce in the
civil architecture.
The architecture of the Renaissance has
been divide in Europe until France. We
decided to choose three buildings which
represent this architecture. The Grignan’s
castle, The Liviers’ castle and the castle
of Ventadour.
Located at 2,5 km next to Privas, since the XI century, the old castle was inhabited
by the Rostaing of Liviers Family. In 1427, the noble Lancelot of Mars was the
captain of Tournon. He was in charge of the castle’s
garrison. It was probably him who modernised the
medieval building and added some parts in Renaissance style. (fenêtres à meneaux,
escalier à vis…).
TheVersas castle is located in the town of
Sanilhac in the department of Ardeche. In the same time there is
the tower of Brison, a very old fortificationand
the ruins of Brison’s castle, a XVII century’s
building, devastated during the Revolution.
The castle has got a Renaissance’s façade which dominated the
valley. It was built in the XVI century and had been modified between 1594
and 1603.
Grignan castle was build in the XII century, in Grignan, in Drôme-Provençale. It was changed into a fortress in
the XIII century by the Adhémar family. Between 1478 and 1495, Gaucher Adhémar extended the room , he created some
residential districts and he shook up the façades of the
former fortress of the Middle-Age. It is probably
the weeding between Gaucher Adhémar and Diane of Monfort which
permited to introduce new architectural styles.
The Castle of Joyeuse was built on the place of
an old fort in 1540 By Jean de Saint Sauveur, Viscount of Joyeuse.
Nowaday, there is also a wing in direction of the North because the other was destroyed between
the Revolution and 1832.
Of Renaissance style, he was modified at the XIX century. Its court was
increased by the supply of three bigs hoops.