In a Beef Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply,"...
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Food Defense In a Beef Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org .
In a Beef Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food Technology is a publication
In a Beef Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology
magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59,
No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food
Technologists, www.ift.org.www.ift.org
Slide 2
Is Our Food Safe From Attack?
Slide 3
The U.S. government has declared the food and agriculture
sector to be one of 17 critical national infrastructures vulnerable
to intentional attack.
Slide 4
Will this Effect Missouri? Missouri ranks 2 nd in the nation
for number of cattle operations. Missouri ranks 3 rd in the nation
for number of beef cows. Missouri farms have estimated cash
receipts of $5.82 billion/year.
Slide 5
How is Food Supply a Critical Infrastructure? Most states
produce 30% or less of what its residents eat. Most cities have
only a 5 day food supply. The average persons food travels 1,300
miles from farm to table.
Slide 6
Case Study: Bitter Harvest 1973 Fire retardant (PBB)
accidentally mixed into feed rations for cattle. Over a year later
sickness in animals, and humans is linked to PBBs. Cattle, pigs,
sheep, chickens, and contaminated commodities are destroyed and
buried. 97% of humans living in Michigan during that time have PBBs
in their system.
Slide 7
What Type of Harm Could Occur? Intentional delivery of a
harmful biological or chemical agent to the food supply system
could cause: Physical harm (illness or mortality) Economic
disruption Direct Indirect International Political unrest
Psychological harm loss of confidence in food supply
Slide 8
Case Study: Hopping Mad Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
Britain-1980s outbreak killed millions of cattle Humans died of
Creuztfeldt- Jakob disease Disrupted trade Caused shift of consumer
preference
Slide 9
-Cow/Calf Operation
Slide 10
-Feedlot
Slide 11
-Feed Mill
Slide 12
-Supply Chain
Slide 13
-Transportation
Slide 14
- Sale Barn
Slide 15
Food Defense focuses on security, protecting the food supply
from intentional contamination. Courtesy of Food Technology
magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59,
No.8. Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food
Technologists, www.ift.org. www.ift.org
Slide 16
Is Food Defense Different than Biosecurity? Food Defense
focuses on protecting the food supply from intentional
contamination. unintentional Biosecurity and Food Safety (HACCP)
focus on protecting the food supply from unintentional
contamination. They help with, but are not a substitute for food
defense.
Slide 17
Who Might Intentionally Contaminate an Animal Production
Facility? Disgruntled employee/former employee Contract or
temporary employee Members of terrorist or extremist groups Truck
driver Affiliate of a competing facility Visitor to facility
Slide 18
Biological Agents of Concern in a Beef Production Facility
Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)-viral
Rinderpest (RPV)-viral Zoonotic Disease Anthrax-bacterial
Brucellosis-Bangs disease, bacterial Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy (BSE)-Mad Cow Disease, prion Anthrax
Slide 19
Radiological Agents Livestock can be exposed to radiation via
inhalation, ingestion of contaminated feed, or direct exposure.
Polonium 210 Plutonium Uranium (U-235 or U-238) Iodine 131
(I-131)
Slide 20
Chemical Agents Any Chemical not approved for use on the
animals, or in their feed would be considered a contaminant.
Chemical agents used in acts of terrorism against livestock
include: Arsenic Cyanide salt Pesticides
Slide 21
What Makes an Attractive Agent of Intentional Contamination?
Long incubation period/delayed effect Highly effective History of
use Available (easily produced in adequate quantity) Low
traceability
Slide 22
Following several major food recalls in the US, consumer
surveys were conducted. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from
"Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food
Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists,
www.ift.org. www.ift.org
Slide 23
Consumer Confidence in Food Defense Systems After National Food
Recalls Stinson et al., 2008
Slide 24
Who Do Consumers Believe is Responsible for Food Defense?
Stinson et al., 2008
Slide 25
Who do Consumers Believe Should Pay for Food Defense? Stinson
et al., 2008
Slide 26
Products That Consumers Believe Most Likely to be Intentionally
Contaminated Stinson et al., 2008
Slide 27
Defense plans are encouraged but not required for farms and
most food establishments. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine,
from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8. Food
Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists,
www.ift.org.www.ift.org
Slide 28
Facilities Currently Required to Participate in Food Defense
All vendors providing food for USDA feeding programs must now be in
compliance with the Food Defense System.
Slide 29
Four Steps for Developing a Food Defense Plan Assess the
vulnerabilities Write a plan Evaluate the plan Maintain the
plan
Slide 30
Assess the vulnerabilities Gather a team of key personnel to
make the assessment. Think like someone who wants to harm your
operation. Look for areas where contamination would be spread
through normal operations. Look for sensitive areas that are not
frequently observed.
Slide 31
Beef Farm Vulnerability Assessment
Slide 32
Countermeasures are actions taken to shield vulnerable areas,
reducing the risk of intentional contamination.
Slide 33
Areas to Consider for Countermeasure Development Procedures
Facility Technology Personnel
Slide 34
Workforce Shipping and Receiving Visitors and Customers
Marketing Countermeasures for Procedures
Slide 35
Light it Lock it Limit Access Countermeasures for Facility
Slide 36
Write the Plan Develop a countermeasure to defend each
vulnerable point identified as high risk. Create a written plan
including those countermeasures that are reasonable for the
situation. Identify the individual who will implement the
countermeasure. Set a timeline to implement the
countermeasure.
Slide 37
Beef Farm Food Defense Plan
Slide 38
Should such an event occur a timely and efficient response will
be critical to minimizing the damage.
Slide 39
Develop a Written Response Plan Plan for handling of
contaminated animals Emergency Planning Facility Map Emergency
Contact Phone List Visitor Log Supplier/Customer Contacts Employee
Emergency Information
Slide 40
Handling of Contaminated Animals First hold all potentially
contaminated animals Potentially contaminated animals will need to
be quarantined prior to euthanasia. Quarantine will need to be
separate from non contaminated animals. Prepare a plan for carcass
disposal, to be reviewed by APHIS and state authorities in case of
an intentional contamination.
Slide 41
Beef Farm Containment and Disposal Plan
Slide 42
Facility Map Name, address, and phone of owner/proprietor
Relationship of the facility to adjacent properties and/or
structures. Road access including transportation routes Perimeter
boundaries, include fences, and gates (with dimensions)
Slide 43
Facility Map continued Buildings, outbuildings, doors, windows,
AC/heating, ventilation Utilities (water, gas, electric, phones)
location and shutoff Septic System and drainage areas with
direction of flow Web sites such as Google Earth
www.earth.google.com
Slide 44
Row Crop Farm House Barn/Equipment Shed pondd pond Hwy AA Happy
Herefords Beef Farm Dandy Devons Organic Beef Hay Shed Feed Storage
Electric and water shut offs Phone, deliveries, AC Main gate 10
Septic drainage corral Owner: Murray Maine 4321 Hwy AA Bovine, MO
65444 Home: 660-445-xxxx Cell: 660-321-xxxx
Slide 45
Beef Farm Emergency Phone List
Slide 46
Beef Farm Supplier Contact List
Slide 47
Beef Farm Customer Contact List
Slide 48
Beef Farm Employee Emergency Contacts
Slide 49
Evaluate the plan Check the perimeter regularly. Make
unannounced entrances at various times. Check locks in vulnerable
areas. Perform a mock quarantine.
Slide 50
Maintain the plan Ensure that measures implemented continue to
be effective. Train the family/employees regarding their effort in:
Prevention Detection Response Re-evaluate the plan annually or as
operations or facilities change.