In 2004, ILFORD Imaging iscelebrating 125 years ofphotographic manufacturing.

From humble beginnings, whenAlfred Hugh Harman beganmaking Gelatine Dry Plates in thebasement of his house inCranbrook Road, Ilford, Essex, totoday’s global manufacture of theworld’s leading inkjet technology,imagery and photography havealways been at the heart of thematter.

Photography is apparent whereverwe look. It is almost impossible toget through the day without somecontact with a photographicimage. The photo can be used to record everything from a personalrecord of our past to becoming anIcon of an era.

It is hard to imagine a worldwithout images, but even harder tobelieve that 125 years ago, in the formative years ofphotography, the electric light hadnot been invented.

This made these early days ofPhotography, quite literally, thedark ages, with photographersrelying on gaslight and naturalsunlight to expose and processtheir images. It would be severalyears before electricity wasavailable to even a minority of the

world’s population.As we look around our worldtoday, there are so many familiar,everyday items that we take forgranted that simply would not haveexisted in 1879; the automobile,telephone and even the humblezipper were not to be imaginable for many years tocome.

Just as photography has becomepart of our everyday lives, so manyother items that we now take for granted have come into existencein the past century and a quarter.

This booklet takes a look at someof these technological underdogsand at many of the events thathave shaped the past 125 years,

all of which have been capturedphotographically and are part of aheritage that ILFORD Imaging isproud to be a major part of.

Did you know, for instance, thatradio was invented and ‘on air’ afull year before the first piece ofmusic was broadcast? Did youalso know that ILFORD is olderthan electricity, telephone,cars….you name it, and you willprobably find ILFORD is older thanit!! If you would like a copy of thisyears ILFORD Calendar, whichreflects this booklet, visit ilford.com.

ILFORD will continue to be a leaderin Imaging and is looking forwardto the challenges to come over thenext 125 years.

In 1879, as Alfred HughHarman was busy makingGelatine Dry Plates, usinglittle more than a teapot inthe basement of his EssexHouse, across the Atlantic,Thomas Edison had beenbusy inventing theincandescent light. By theend of the year, the firstcommercially available

Electric Lights were in use,James Ritty had inventedthe Cash Register and thefirst of many stores hadbeen opened by FWWoolworth. In the sameyear a patent was issuedfor the first AutomaticTelephone SwitchingSystem, a technology still inits relative infancy.

One of the modern wonders ofthe world started to take shape in1880 as work commenced on thePanama Canal, a project thatwould take 23 years to complete.The first town in the USA wasilluminated by electricity and bythe end of the year, Broadway,known as “the Great White Way”was lit up. The construction ofCologne Cathedral wascompleted after 600 years andHenry Draper took the firstphotograph of the Orion Nebula.

While the Earp Brothers werebusy “shooting it out” at the OKCorral in Tombstone, Arizona, thefirst international telephoneconversation was taking place in1881.

PT Barnum bought his worldfamous elephant, Jumbo, in1882, the year that QueenVictoria dedicated Epping Forrest.Edison created the first string ofChristmas Tree Lights, the firstdistrict in New York City was litby electricity and Harry W Sealypatented the Electric Iron.

After a Test Match in Sydney,Australia, the English Cricket Teamwere presented with the Ashes ofa Bail in 1883. Louis Watermanbegan experiments to produce a“leak proof” fountain pen, whichhe patented the following yearand the Orient Express set out onits maiden journey, linking Turkeyto Europe by rail.

1879–1890

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With an explosive force of 1300Megatons, Krakatoa erupted in1883, killing 36,000 people.

ALPHA PAPER circa 1884

In 1884, ILFORD introduced itsALPHA paper. Coincidentally,

the word alpha appearedin the first volume of theOxford English Dictionary,

titled “A-Ant” which waspublished in the same year.The construction of Chicago’sfirst Sky Scraper began, the Statue of Liberty waspresented to the USA,

LeMarcus A Thompson invented the Roller Coaster, Dr John Harvey Kellogg patented his “flaked cereal”

and George Eastman patented his“paper-strip” photographic film.The following year, 1885, theEastman Film Companymanufactures the first commercialMotion Picture Film and asthe Statue of Liberty arrivedin the USA, GottliebDaimler patented thefirst Motorcycle.

In 1886, the LondonTimes published theworld’s first “classifiedadvert” and the first successfulgasoline driven car was patentedby Karl Benz. Horlicks wasoffered to the public this year, thefirst Cremation took place inEngland and John Pemberton, aChemist, began to advertise“Coca-Cola” (with Cocaine), a“brain and nerve tonic”.

Queen Victoria celebrated herGolden Jubilee in 1887, the yearin which Adolf Fick invented theContact Lens and the firstEsperanto book was published.The publishing world would laterhail the invention of the Monotypetype-casting machine, which waspatented by Tolbert Lanston thisyear as the photographic worldwould hail Hannibal W Goodwinfor patenting CelluloidPhotographic Film.

In 1888 the Wax Drinking Strawwas patented by Marvin C Stone,the National Geographic Societywas founded in Washington DC,the English Football League wasestablished and the Eastman FilmCompany became EastmanKodak, coinciding with the patentof it’s “Box Camera”.

William Bundyinvented the “time-card” clock,Theophilus von Kannel inventedthe Revolving Door, Vincent VanGoch cuts off his ear and Jack theRipper killed his last victim.

Viewing Paris from a height of300 metres became possible in1889 as the Eiffel Tower officially

opened. The world’s firstDishwashing machine wasmarketed, Bayer introducedAspirin in powder form and bythe end of the year, ThomasEdison was showing his firstMotion Picture.

John Hart, convicted of murder in1890, became the first to sit in theElectric Chair and Ellis Island,New York, opened it’s doors as aUS Immigration Depot.

1891-1900In 1891 Carnegie Hallopened in New York Cityfeaturing Tchaikovsky asthe guest conductor andBritain was linked to theContinent by Telephone forthe first time. TravellersCheques werepatented thisyear and ThomasEdison wasparticularlybusy, patentingboth theMotionPictureCameraandRadio.

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Jesse W Reno, George CBlickensdorfer and Charles BradyKing are certainly not householdnames, but respectively, they wereresponsible for patenting theEscalator, the Portable Typewriterand the Pneumatic Hammer in1892, the year that GeorgeSampson patented the ClothesDryer and Scotsman Sir James

Dewar invented the Vacuum Flask,now known as the Thermos Flask.American, John Froehlich inventedthe Mechanical Tractor this year,the Pneumatic Automobile Tyre was invented and Sunday SchoolTeacher Lizzie Borden wasarrested in Fall River, Massachusettsfor the murder of her parents.

Edison completed his first movie in1893, “Record of a Sneeze”,which was released in Theatresacross the US the following year.The New York Stock Exchangecrashed this year and LizzieBorden was found to be innocent.The Crompton Company inEngland made the first ElectricToaster and in France it becamenecessary to take a Driving Test toacquire a license. Leo HendrikBaekeland invented VeloxPhotographic Paper this year.

In 1894 the Manchester ShipCanal opened to traffic and 1895turned out to be the year of theMotion Picture. August and LouisLumière showed their first movie toan invited audience, the world’sfirst Cinema opened in Paris andthe first commercial movieperformance took place. This was also the year that

Wilhelm von Roentgen discoveredX-ray, Oscar Wilde’s “TheImportance of being Ernest” wasfirst performed in London and thepremiere of Tchaikovsky’s “SwanLake” took place.

Dr Henry Smith took the first X-rayphotograph in the USA in 1896,the year the Modern Olympicsbegan in Athens. The VitascopeSystem for Movie Projection wasdemonstrated, the Electric Stovewas invented by WilliamHadaway and Henry took hisfirst Ford through thestreets of Detroit. Duringa visit by the ChineseAmbassador to NewYork City, his Chefinvented ChopSuey, Gold wasdiscovered in theKlondike River,

sparking the Gold Rush and theDial Telephone was invented.

“Cyrano de Bergerac” opened inParis, Candy Floss (Cotton Candy)was invented by WilliamMorrison and John C Wharton,and the first Submarine with aninternal combustion engine wasdemonstrated in 1897.

The following year, the firstTelephone message from asubmerged Submarine wastransmitted and could have beenanswered by the AnsweringMachine which was invented thisyear. Also in 1898 the RollerCoaster was patented, Pierre andMarie Curie discovered Radium,the Automobile speed record wasset at 39mph and the first carinsurance policy was issued in theUSA by the Travellers InsuranceCompany.

At the close ofthe Century the Lawn Mower waspatented in 1899, the year thatCarnation processes it’s first canof evaporated milk and ConradHubert invented the Flashlight.Henry Bliss became the world’sfirst fatality of a car accident andthe first Jukebox appeared in the

Palais Royal Hotel inSan Fransisco.

Johann Vaaler, aNorwegian PatentClerk is probablybest remembered

for his worldfamous

invention, thePaper Clip.

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The Twentieth Century openedwith the word “Escalator” beingregistered as a trademark by theOtis Elevator Company, theHamburger being created inConnecticut and British Troopsrelieving Mafeking. The Zeppelinwas invented in 1900 by CountFerdinand Von Zeppelin and aprize of 100,000 francs wasbeing offered for communicationwith Extra Terrestrials. Strangely,Martians were excluded as theywere considered too easy tocontact.

1901-1910Marconi sent the firstTransatlantic radio signal in1901, Hubert Cecil Boothinvented the modern VacuumCleaner, King Camp Gilletebegan selling Safety Razors,Frank Hornby inventedMeccano and Australiadeclared it’s independence. In1902 the first Science FictionFilm “A Trip to the Moon”was released and the TexasOil Company, now known asTexaco, was formed. FrenchPhysicist, George Claude

invented the Neon light thisyear and James Mackenzieinvented the Polygraph LieDetector. HF Callahan wasgranted a patent for theinvention of the WindowEnvelope and Edward VII wascrowned, following the deathof Queen Victoria. TheBritannia Works Ltd. changedits name to ILFORD, Limited.The comma was insistedupon by the Ilford UrbanDistrict Council and would notbe removed from the namefor over 50 years.

In 1903 the “Tour de France” wasestablished and Niagra Falls ran

dry, due to drought. The WrightBrothers were granted apatent for anAeroplane and laterthat year made thefirst flight atKittyhawk, the FordMotor Companyincorporated, ItaloMarchioni patented IceCream and the first TeddyBear was made by Morris andRose Michton. Children, the worldover, owe a debt of thanks toEdward Binney and Harold Smith,who co-invented the Wax Crayon

this year and Willem Einthoven ofthe Netherlands invented theElectrocardiogram (ECG). On the17th of October 1903 a patentwas granted to the LumièreBrothers, August and Louis, for theirAutochrome colour photographsystem. The first Motion Picture witha plot, “The Great Train Robbery”was released this year.

Wilbur Wright made his first flight in1904 and later that year achievedthe first flight to last more than fiveminutes. The Daily Mirror beganpublishing, Silicone was inventedand the Bell Telephone Company ofAntwerp, Belgium formed.

Speed was the flavour of the year in1905 when the first TT race ran on

the Isle of Man, the first carto exceed 100mph didso at Daytona Beachand the Simplon Tunnelin Switzerland wascompleted. The first

issue of Varietymagazine was

published,the Popsicle

was invented by11 year old Frank Epperson andMary Anderson of Alabamainvented the Windscreen Wiper.

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The first commercially availableradio was advertised in 1906,although there was little to listen toon it for several years to come.Kellogg and Bollin formed the“Battle Creek Toasted Corn FlakeCompany” and Rolls Royce Limitedwas established. The first Aeroplaneflight in Europe took place in thesame year that Einstein introducedhis “Theory of Relativity”. Also in1906 the first animated Cartoonwas copyrighted by J StuartBlackton, Dr Lee DeForestdemonstrated the “Radio Tube” and SOS was adopted as the newcall for help.

Had you been eager to buy yourfirst radio in 1906, you would havehad to wait a year to hear anymusic. The first broadcast of aMusical Composition took place in1907, the same year that Houdiniescaped from chains, underwater, in57 seconds, the first Taxi Cabappeared in New York and UnitedParcel Services formed in Seattle.The Outboard Motor was invented by Norwegian Ole Evinrude, Alva JFisher invented the WashingMachine and full commercial production of Louis and AugustLumière’s Autochrome plates

began in Lyon, France, NewZealand became a Dominion,French Cyclist Paul Cornu flew atwin rotor Helicopter and Bakelitewas invented by Leo HendrikBaekeland who invented VeloxPhotographic Paper fourteen yearsearlier. George ConstantWashington, an English Chemistliving in Guatemala, invented the firstmass produced Instant Coffee thisyear. It would be another 3 yearsbefore he took his product to market.

“Be Prepared” was the motto in1908, when Baden-Powell established the Scout movement.

Mother’s Day was first observedthis year and the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation was established. Youmay have been lucky enough tobecome a traveller on the firstPassenger Air Flight or not so lucky, like Thomas Selfridge, who became the first fatality ofpowered flight this year althoughfortunately, not on the same flight. Henry Ford unveiled the Model T for the handsome price of $825,the Tea Bag was invented by Thomas Sullivan of New York andCellophane was the brainchild ofJacques Edwin Brandenberger.

The Magnetic South Pole wasdiscovered by Shackleton andJoan of Arc was declared a Saintin 1909, 478 years after herexecution. Washington’s “Red ECoffee” the world’s first InstantCoffee, came on the market, TheUS army took delivery of the first Military Aircraft and ColourMoving Pictures weredemonstrated at Madison SquareGardens, New York.

British Miners began striking foran 8 hour working day in 1910and the first Air Display tookplace at Hendon UK. Air travel dominated 1910, withthe first Seaplane taking off fromwater at Martigues, France. The first night-flight took place, as did the first English Channelround-trip, the first round-trip fromNew York to Philadelphia,

the first Zeppelin Airshippassenger flight, the first test flightof a twin-engined plane and,unfortunately, the first Aircraftcollision in Milan. Halley’s Cometcaused near panic as the Earthpassed through it’s tail, the firstMovie Stunt was performed,featuring a man jumping into theHudson River from a burningballoon and the first Neon Lightswere seen in public at the ParisCar Show.

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In 1911, the first non-stopflight from London to Pariswould have taken you 3hours and 56 minutes andyou may have been luckyenough to spectate the firstMonte Carlo Rally. The Indy500 race was establishedthis year and Neanderthalremains were discovered inthe Channel Islands. TheMona Lisa was stolen fromthe Louvre and the RoyalMail offered the first Air Mail

service in the world.After leaving for theSouth Pole at the endof 1911, Scott arrives

early in 1912, a month after

Admundsenhad reached it. Scott’s

ExpeditionHeadquartersincluded darkroom

facilitites for Herbert GeorgePonting, the Expedition’sPhotographer.

A reconstructionof the Base Campat “Kelly TarltonsAntarctic Encounterand UnderwaterWorld” inAuckland, showsthe array ofILFORD and Rajarprinting papersused exclusively byPonting during theExpedition.

The Titanic underwentsea trials prior to hermaiden voyagebound for New Yorkand the world’s firstcannery opened in theUK, to supply food forthe Royal Navy,

although it would be another13 years until the modernday tin opener wasinvented. 1912 saw the firstparachute jump from aplane, Harriet Quimbybecame the first woman pilotto cross the Channel and 15young women were fired bytheir employer, CurtisPublishing, for dancing the“Turkey Trot” during theirlunch break. The GeigerCounter, after four years indevelopment, was invented

by Hans Wilhelm Geiger,Piltdown Man wasdiscovered, Edgar RiceBurroughs published“Tarzan” and the first Mack

Sennett “KeystoneComedy” was

released.

Sufferagette EmilyPankhurst was sentencedto 3 years imprisonment atthe beginning of 1913, thePanama Canal opened totraffic after 23 years ofconstruction and theBrassiere was invented byMary Phelps Jacob. GideonSundback, a SwedishEngineer from Hodoken,should be a familiar name ashe was responsible for inventingthe all purpose Zipper. A more familiar name isCharlie Chaplin, who began hisfilm career in 1913 at Keystoneon contract for $150 per week.The Mona Lisa was recovered,two years after being stolen andthe first Crossword puzzle waspublished in “New YorkWorld”. Ford introduced theContinuous Moving AssemblyLine, which allowed the

1911-1920

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production of one car every 2minutes 38 seconds and theworld’s first “drive up” Gasolinestation opened in Pittsburg. TheMerck Chemical Companypatented a new drug thisyear, which would gainnotoriety in the later part of the20th Century and becomeknown as “Ecstacy”.

The World, the Flesh and theDevil, was the title of the first fullcolour motion picture, shown inLondon in 1914. ArchdukeFerdinand and his wife wereassassinated in Sarajevo,Mahatma Ghandi was arrestedafter campaigning for IndianRights in South Africa and Austro-Hungaria attacks Serbia,beginning the Great War. The Air-Conditioner was patented by WHCarrier in America andEnglishman, Henry Brearlyinvented Stainless Steel, RichardHutchins Goddard patented aLiquid Fuelled Rocket Motor andthe US State Department started torequire photographs for Passports.

In 1915, the 1,000,000thModel T Ford rolled off theproduction line and Albert Einsteinpublished his “General Theory ofRelativity”. He would not haveused a Mechanical Pencilto write his theory asTokuji Hayakawa would notinvent one until later in theyear. Garrett A Morganinvented the Gas Maskthis year while EugeneSullivan and WilliamTaylor co-invented Pyrex.Maurice Levy invented theLipstick Tube and the first3D movie was screenedthis year. The film wasuntitled and featuredscenes of New York and New Jersey.

The “Birdman of Alcatraz”received solitary confinement asBritain introduced Daylight SavingTime (British Summer Time) in1916. The first Boeing Aircraft tookto the skies and Tanks (Little Willies)were used in war at the Battle ofFlors, France. It was in this yearthat Variety Magazine publishedthe first ever reference to “Jazz”.

By 1917, the first Jazz record, DarkTown Strutters Ball, had beenrecorded. Vladimir Ilyich Leninreturned to Russia to start theBolshevik Revolution and the British

Royal Family took the nameof Windsor. Towards theend of 1917, Russia hadbeen proclaimed aRepublic and American

Troops had beenmobilized in Europe

to enter theconflict ofWorld WarOne.

“Tarzan of the Apes”, the first ofmany Tarzan films was premiered at the Broadway Theatre in 1918.Women in Britain got the right tovote. They did have to be over 30years old though. The UnitedStates introduced Daylight SavingTime and Britain opened theoffensive on the Western Front. In Utah’s Wasatch National Park,

504 sheep were killed bylightning and Margaret Owen setthe World Record for typing,reaching 170 words per minute. At 11am on the 11th ofNovember, the hostilities in Europeended and in the December of1918, Robert Ripley began hislong running “Believe It Or Not”column in the New York Globe.

The first public performance ofHolst’s “Planet Suite” took place in1919, the year that Alcock andBrown crossed the Atlantic by air.The “Pop Up” Toaster was invented

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this year, improving on the original Toaster designed 26 yearspreviously. By early 1920, Silverhad reached the record price of $1.37 per ounce. DouglasFairbanks and Mary Pickfordmarried, becoming the first“Celebrity Couple”, KDKA,Pittsburg went “On Air” as theworld’s first Commercial RadioStation, the Blow-Dryer wasinvented and Kononklijke-Luchtraar-Maatschappij, betterknown as KLM, make theirmaiden flight.

1921-1930Chaplin’s classic, “The Kid”,starring Jackie Cooganwas released in 1921along with thememorable performanceof Rudolph Valentino in“The Sheik”. TheAdhesive Bandage wasinvented this year byEarle Dickson, the manresponsible for giving usthe “Band-Aid”.

By the beginning of 1922 youcould be the first of millions tosubscribe to “Readers Digest”

magazine. One Thousand copiesof James Joyces’ “Ulysees” werepublished in Paris in 1922 andscores of Commercial RadioStations appeared world-wide.Canadian Joseph-ArmandBombadier invented theSnowmobile, the BritishBroadcasting Service begandomestic transmissions from 210Marconi House and Captain Cyril

Turner became the world’sfirst Skywriter. Sharp-shooting

Annie Oakley set theworld record for breaking100 clay targets in a row

and Henry Berlinerdemonstrated hisHelicopter to the US Bureau ofAeronautics.By the end of1922, New YorkZoo was exhibitingthe first DuckBilled Platypus tobe seen in publicand GeorgeOwen Squierwould be blamedby elevator users

throughoutthe world for

the invention ofMusak.

Tutenkhamen’s Tomb wasdiscovered by Howard Carter in1923, the “Flying Scotsman” wentinto service and Garrett AMorgan invented the AutomaticTraffic Light. Time Magazine firstappeared on News Stands andWembley Stadium opened,hosting the first FA Cup Finalmatch, between Bolton Wanderersand West Ham United. Whilstsuspended 40 feet above theground, Houdini escaped from aStraight Jacket and The DisneyCompany was formed. ThePopsicle was eventually patented byit’s creator, Frank Epperson, whowas now 29 years old. The BBCuses the chimes of “Big Ben” as anident for the first time and the firstTransatlantic Broadcast of a voice istransmitted between Pittsburgh andManchester.

Chamonix, France, hosted theworld’s first Winter Olympics in1924, the chilly year that the IceCream Cone Rolling Machinewas patented by Carl Taylor ofCleveland and Clarence Birdseyeinvented Frozen Food. The SpiralBound Reporters Notebook wasinvented and two General ElectricEngineers, Chester W Rice andEdward Washburn Kellogg, (Riceand Kellogg – seriously), inventedthe modern Loudspeaker.

Gershwin presented “Rhapsody inBlue” for the first time at CarnegieHall, New York and the IBMCorporation was founded byThomas Watson. In June of thisyear, George Herbert LeighMallory of Mobberley, Cheshire(now home to ILFORD ImagingUK), and Andrew “Sandy” Irvine,set out with the intent of becomingthe first to conquer Everest. Bothmen were to meet their fate during

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the expedition and it remains amystery to this day whether theyreached the summit. It is hoped thatthe question may one day beanswered if Irvine’s Kodak Vest-Pocket Camera is ever recoveredfrom the mountain. The world’s mostperformed song, “Happy Birthdayto You” was published this year byClaydon Sunny and the Ford MotorCompany manufactures it’s10,000,000 car. Four Aircraft leftSeattle in 1924 to complete the firstsuccessful round-the-world flight andthe first photo-facsimile wastransmitted across the Atlantic byradio. At the close of the yearEdwin Hubble announced theexistence of distant Galactic systemsand the Kimberley-Clark Companygave us the disposable FacialTissue.

At the beginning of 1925, the top-selling song was “Tea ForTwo” by Marion Harris, the first

film was shown on a British AirAircraft and Scott Fiztgerald’s “TheGreat Gatsby” was published. TheGoodyear Airship “Pilgrim” madeit’s maiden flight, the first with anenclosed cabin, TASS wasestablished as the official USSRNews Agency and Walter PerryChrysler founded the ChryslerCorporation.

George Burns and Grace Allentied the knot early in 1926, amarriage that proved to be thelongest lasting celebrity match ofthe Century, Norma JeanMortenson Baker (Marilyn Monroe)was born, the Walt Disney Studioswere formed and the Television isdemonstrated by it’s inventor, JohnLogie Baird. The Gas Refrigeratorwas patented, NorwegianEngineer Erik Rotheim invented theAerosol Can, the NationalBroadcasting Company (NBC)

was created by the RadioCorporation of America (RCA) andHenry Ford announced the 8 hourday and the 5 day week.

In 1927, Pan American Airlines(PanAm) was formed, as wasGaumont, the British FilmCorporation. His Master’s Voice(HMV) introduced the first automaticrecord changer and the British

airline, Imperial Airways becamethe first to serve hot meals in-flight.Gerber became a household namewhen Dorothy Gerber inventedPrepared Baby Food and The Ford

Motor Company stopped makingthe “Model T” this year. Fifteenmillion “Tin Lizzies” had beenmanufactured and 1927 hailed theintroduction of the “Model A” Ford.Al Jolson starred in “The JazzSinger”, the world’s first talkie and the Giant Panda was discovered inChina. The “Grand Ole Opry”made it’s first broadcast fromNashville, Tennessee and the BreadSlicer was invented by OttoFrederick Rohwedder of Ohio.Before this point it was impossiblefor anything to have been “the bestthing since slicedbread”.

Scotch Tapeappears world-wide, marketed by theMinnesota Mining andManufacturing Company(3M Corp), the first Audiotape wasinvented by Fritz Pfleumer and John

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Logie Baird demonstrated ColourTelevision in 1928. A GermanShepherd Dog named Buddybecame the first Guide Dog for theBlind, Madame Tussauds opened inLondon and Amelia Earhart becamethe first woman to cross the Atlantic,but only as a passenger at this time.

Walter E Diemer accidentallyinvented Bubble Gum this year,while working as an Accountant forthe Fleer Chewing Gum Companyin Philadelphia and if you’ve everwondered why Bubble Gum is Pink,the answer is simply that pinkhappened to be the “flavour” of theday. The Dodge Brothers and theChrysler Corporation merged,General Electric opened the firstTelevision Station at Schenectady,New York, and in Paris, Ravel’s“Bolero” was publicly performed forthe first time. Mickey Mouse madehis debut on November 18th thisyear, appearing in Disney’s“Steamboat Willy” in New York.

Buck Rogers and Tarzan bothappear as Comic Strip characters in1929 as did Popeye, who madehis first appearance in the “ThimbleTheatre” comic strip. February 14ththis year witnessed the SaintValentines Day Massacre and theworld’s first round-the-world Airshipflight was completed. The firstmanned Rocket-plane flight waspiloted by car maker Fritz von Opel,the Electroencephalogram (EEG)was invented by Hans Berger ofGermany and the game of Bingowas invented by Edwin S Lowe.

Due to the increasing volume ofmotor vehicles in New York, the first

Red and Green Traffic Lights wereinstalled in Manhattan in 1930, the year that ClydeTombaugh discovered Pluto. AmyJohnson became the first woman tofly solo from England to Australia thisyear and Betty Boopfirst appeared in Max Fleischer’scartoon “Dizzy Dishes”. The NewYork Times proclaimed that “TVwould be a theater in every home”and the first non-stop Transatlanticflight between Europe and Americatook 37 hours to complete. FrankWhittle and Dr. Hans Von Ohainsimultaneously co-invented the JetEngine, Bette Davis arrived inHollywood, under contract toUniversal Studios and ChocolateChips were invented by RuthWakefield of Whitman,Massachusetts.

1931-19401931 saw the debut ofDracula on movie screens, theintroduction of Alka Seltzerand the release of CabCalloway’s “Minnie TheMoocher” which became thefirst million selling Jazz record.Schick offered the world thefirst Electric Shaver, Donald

Duck appeared in his firstcartoon and Piccard andKnipfer became the first mento fly into the Stratosphere, in the pressurized cabin of a Balloon. The first Infra RedPhotograph was taken atRochester, New York in thesame year that Lumièrelaunched their Filmcolor andLumicolor Sheet and Roll filmsand ILFORD introduced theworld to HypersensitivePanchromatic film, later tobecome known as HP. AlCapone was finally convictedof Tax Evasion and sentencedto 11 years imprisonment atthe end of the year andPublic Toilets would bestrewn forevermore withArthur Scott’s invention, thePaper Towel.

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On February 9th 1932, the USAirship “Columbia” crashedduring a storm at Flushing, New York. Amelia Earhartbecame the first woman to crossthe Atlantic solo this year andFord unveiled it’s V8 engine. TheStereo Record was invented,Charles Lindburgh paid a$50,000 ransom for hiskidnapped Son and PiccadillyCircus is first lit by electricity.Goofy made his debut in

“Mickey’s Revue” and the BBC began regular experimental television broadcasts.

By the beginningof 1933, it was

possible to own Mayfair,take a chance and get out of jailfree, with the invention of thegame Monopoly. Polythene wasdiscovered by Reginald Gibsonand Eric William Fawcett, the firstflight over Everest took place,Prohibition ended after 13 yearsin America and JR Wendellpiloted the first aircraft to exceed300mph at Glenview, Illinois.Another lasting invention this yearwas the “Cat’s Eye”, the brainchildof Yorkshireman Percy Shaw.

The Driving Test was introduced inBritain in 1934, the year that theQueen Mary was launched,Wallace Carruthers manufacturedPolymer 66, the first Nylon and thefirst X-ray of an entire body wastaken at Rochester, New York. Alsothis year, a recording of Beethoven’s5th became the first 331/3rpm LongPlaying Record to be released andJoseph Begun invented the firstMagnetic Tape Recorder.

Lazlo and Georg Biro went on tobecome household names

when they invented thenon-leak Ballpoint Pen

in 1935.

Radar waspatented by SirWatson-Watt, theRichter Scale wasinvented by CharlesFrancis Richter and BenoGutenburg and Gershwin’s“Porgy and Bess” opened inBoston while Sir MalcolmCampbell set a new Land SpeedRecord of 301.337mph.

The New York herald Tribunewas at the leading edge oftechnology in 1936, being thefirst Newspaper to store currentissues on Microfilm and BillboardMagazine was about to publishthe first “Hit Parade”. Adolf Hitlerintroduced the “Volkswagen”designed by Ferdinand Porscheto the German public, theHindenburg Airship made itsmaiden flight as did The Spitfire

and “Peter and the Wolf” received its first publicperformance in Moscow.The first US broadcast of “hi-definition” television, with343 lines, emanated from theEmpire State Building and theBBC began broadcasting a hi-definition service in Britain. LifeMagazine appeared on NewsStands and RCA broadcast thefirst television variety show inAmerica featuring dancing, afilm on locomotives, the BonwitTeller Fashion Show, amonologue from Tobacco Roadand Comedy.

Disaster struck at the beginning of1937 when LZ 129, theHindenburg Airship exploded as itapproached its moorings atLakehurst, New Jersey. The Airshiphad just completed the first of 18scheduled Transatlantic flights from Fankfurt to Lakehurst. JRR Tolkein published “The Hobbit”this year, SPAM is invented byHormel Meat Packaging and onthe West Coast of America,

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the Golden Gate Bridge openedin San Francisco. Animation wascertainly popular this year, withWalt Disney’s “Snow White” becoming the first feature lengthsound and colour animation andDaffy Duck, Elmer J Fudd andPetunia Pig making their debut forWarner Bros.

The first public demonstration ofColour Television took place inLondon in 1938, the year that Roy J Plunkett invented Teflon andthe Owens Corning Corporationinvented Fibreglass. Supermanappeared for the first time and thefirst Xerox copy was made. TheBroadcasting Industry was the firsttelecast of an unscheduled event,which was a fire, broadcast onWZXBT, New York and OrsonWelles causes panic across the USAwith his Mercury Theater broadcastof HG Wells’ “War Of The Worlds”on October 30th 1938.

Borley Rectory, Britain’s mosthaunted house was destroyed byfire early in 1939, ILFORD lauched it’s PLASTIKAphotographic paper and a rangeof films. HP2 replaced the originalHypersensetive Panchromatic film,

FP1 was introduced, quicklysuperceded by FP2 and Selo andSelochrome films were launched.The “Dixie Clipper” became thefirst Commercial Aircraft to flyfrom the USA to Europe, theBatman Comic was launched thisyear and the first televisedHeavyweight Boxing match

between Max Baer and Lou Novatook place. While War wasbreaking out in Europe the firstNylon Stocking went on sale inAmerica at a store in Wilmington,Delaware. British Imperial Airwaysand British Airways merged this year to form the BritishOverseas Air Corporation (BOAC)and the Physical Review publishedthe first paper to deal with “BlackHoles”.Rationing began in Britain in1940, with Bacon, Butter andSugar being the first rationeditems. ILFORD launched theworld’s first true MULTIGRADEphotographic paper, Frank Sinatradebuted in Indianapolis with theTommy Dorsey Orchestra andGlenn Miller recorded “TuxedoJunction”. Disney released their2nd full feature, Pinocchio thisyear and “Tom and Jerry” were

created by William Hannah andJoseph Barbera. “In the Mood”rocketed to Number One on theHit Parade, hi-definition colourtelevision was demonstrated, WaltDisney released “Fantasia” andthe Local Defence Volunteers, laterknown as the Home Guard isformed in Britain.

1941-1950Glenn Miller’s popularitycontinued to rise through1941 and he was presentedwith the world’s first GoldRecord for his hit“Chattanooga Choo Choothis year. Captain Americaappeared for the first time,the Television Remote Control,thanks to Robert Adler,appeared down the back ofseats worldwide and Disney’sFlying Talking Elephant,Dumbo was released. Hot on the heels of the cartoon Pachyderm Disneyreleased the children’sclassic “Bambi” in 1942,the year that the first CrossCountry flight by Helicopterwas made, the first Nylon

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Parachute Jump took place,John Atanasoff and CliffordBerry built the first digitalcomputer (the first electronicanalogue computer, the“differential analyzer” wasinvented back in 1930 atMIT in Boston by VannevarBush) and ILFORD launchedFP3 and HP3 plates.

In 1943, Frank Sinatra debuted onthe radio show “Your Hit Parade”,Chicago’s new Subway systemwas officially opened by it’sMayor, Ed Kelly and pioneeringOceanographer Jacques-YvesCousteau and Emile Gagnan co-invented the Aqualung. The Slinkywas also invented this year andstarted slithering its way downstairs all over the world, thanks to Richard James. The first OpenHeart Surgery was performed atJohn Hopkins Hospital in 1944and sadly, Glenn Miller was lostover the English Channel. Grace Hopper, responsible for the creation of the COBOLprogramming language coined

the term “Bug” this year when herteam found a moth, trapped in arelay in their Mark II computer, wasthe cause of a malfunction. TheMoth was removed and taped intothe log book, which now resides atthe Smithsonian Institute. The term“Bug” has now come to mean anycomputer related error.

In 1945 Lauren Bacall marriedHumphrey Bogart, Adolf Hitlercommitted suicide, WinstonChurchill resigned as PrimeMinister and Vannevar Bush, co-inventor of the digitalcomputer, proposed a programlanguage known as Hypertext.Arthur C Clark proposed relaysatellites in Geosynchronous orbit this year, Sunscreen was invented by Benjamin Greenin the US and the first AtomicBomb was detonated. A US Army Bomber crashed into

the 79th floor of the Empire StateBuilding in 1945, killing 14 peopleand Atomic Bombs were droppedon Hiroshima and Nagasaki. All hostilities ended, a new WorldAir Speed record of 606mph wasset by RAF Pilot HJ Wilson and the Microwave oven was inventedby Percy Spencer.

The first commercially designedHelicopter was undergoing tests atBridgeport, Connecticut in 1946and the first US Rocket leaves theEarth’s atmosphere, 50 miles up.Five inmates died during a revolt atAlcatraz and the USA filed apatent for an H-Bomb. WeightWatchers was formed this year,SW Bell inaugurated a commercialMobile Telephone Service in StLouis and the first long-distance car-to-car telephone conversation tookplace. Although the technologyexisted for Cell Phone Networks in1946, it would be another 40years before there were powerfulenough computers to operate thecomplex switching systems at thespeeds necessary to make it viable.By the end of the year the USlaunched a Rocket whichsuccessfully attained an altitude of100 miles. Willard F Libbyinvented the Carbon Datingprocess this year and the 2ndCinemascope film “Scudda-HooScudda-Hay” began productionand was the first of MarilynMonroe’s career.

In 1947 Britain Nationalised it’sCoal Industry and ILFORDintroduced their first Camera. “The Witness” failed to make animpact, largely due to the shortageof high quality lenses. A secondattempt met with more success and“The Advocate” camera retailed for£16. Across the Atlantic EH Land,the founder of Polaroiddemonstrated his Instant Developing

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Camera and the first Zoom Lensewas demonstrated in New Yorkwhile the British/Hungarianscientist, Dennis Gabor haddeveloped the theory ofHolography. The InternationalMonetary Fund began operatingthis year, BF Goodrichmanufactured the first “tubeless”tyre, Edward Lowe invented CatLitter, a by-product of Clay Miningand Flying Saucers were sightedover Mount Rainier by pilotKen Arnold. Earl SilasTupper patented afood storage sealingsystem, now known allover the world asTupperware, Kon Tiki crashedonto a Polynesian ArchipelagoReef in 1947, the year thatPrincess Elizabeth married DukePhilip Mountbatten, the PolioVaccine was developed by JonasSalk and the Transistor wasinvented, by Bardeen, Brattainand Shockley at Bell Laboratories.Britain continued itsnationalization in 1948 with theRailways and the National HeathService was formed. “CandidCamera” appeared on television,The Frisbee was invented byWalter Frederick Morrison andWalter Franscioni, the firstPolaroid camera went on sale for$89.95 and the first RadioControlled Plane was flown.ILFORD launched its first colourfilm “D” this year and theBorough of Ilford presentedPrincess Elizabeth with a speciallycommissioned ILFORD AdvocateCamera, costing £340. Thatparticular camera was stolen, butlater recovered, when it was sentto be repaired. Velcro wasinvented this year, the MagneticTape Recorder was developed byWireway and the first “stored”computer program was run on“Manchester Mark 1”.

The British Steel and Iron Industrieswere Nationalised in 1949, theyear the first Laundrette opened inQueensway, London. The NATOtreaty was signed this year, RCAintroduced the 7inch 45rpm recordand the musical “South Pacific”was first performed. The followingyear, India became a Republic,James Wrights’s Silicone and BoricAcid compound, invented in 1943,was renamed Silly Putty and theFBI’s “10 Most Wanted” fugitivesprogram began. Also in 1950, thePhototransistor was invented at

Murray Hill, NewYork, Ralph Schneider gave us thefirst Credit Card, the “Diners ClubCard”, Elizabeth Taylor gotmarried for the first time, weddingConrad Hilton Junior, and the firstTransatlantic Passenger Jet trip took

off. The world’s first KidneyTransplant took place in Chicago,Disposable Diapers (Nappies)were the brainchild of MarionDonovan in the US, the firsttypesetting machine wasdemonstrated, dispensing withmetal type, and Snoopy wasintroduced to the world when“Peanuts” took to the pages of 9 Newspapers.

1951-1960The US Census Bureau tookdelivery of the firstcommercial Computer,UNIVAC 1 in 1951,

JD Salinger’s “Catcher inthe Rye” was publishedand Disney’s “Alice inWonderland” delightedaudiences for the firsttime. Eastman

Compound #910, knowntoday as Superglue wasinvented, CBS Television ranthe first episodes of “I Love Lucy” and ElizabethTaylor divorced ConradHilton Junior only to marryMichael Wilding thefollowing year.

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Taylor and Wilding commenced married life inthe same year that SunRecords was established, the“Big Bang” theory wasproposed and Mr PotatoHead became the first toy tobe advertised on television.

Clarence Birdseye began marketingfrozen peas in 1952, Mad Magazine became essentialreading and the first VideoRecording on Magnetic Tape wasmade in Los Angeles, California. The humble Bar Code (US PatentNo 2,612,994) was invented byJoseph Woodland and BernardSilver and the first “diet” drink wenton sale. ILFORD introduced HPSplates and the world’s longestrunning Stage Play, AgathaChristie’s “The Mousetrap” openedat the Ambassadors Theatre inLondon on November 25th, starringa young Richard Attenborough. At the time London wassuffering “killer fogs”and the word Smogwas introduced to theEnglish language. The NewMusical Express (NME)published the first British SinglesChart and Bette Nesmith, theMother of Michael, who would laterbecome a Monkee, inventedTypewriter Correction Fluid,allegedly after many mistakes werefound in her typing, John Hetrickinvented the Automotive Airbag,Paul M Zoll invented the CardiacPacemaker and the firsttransistorized Hearing Aid went on sale in New York.

Cinemascope made it’sdebut in 1953 when

“The Robe” wasreleased, WinstonChurchill was

Knighted, NewZealander Edmund Hilary

and Sherpa Tensing conqueredEverest, reputedly using anILFORD camera through theirexpedition, and the Coronation of

Elizabeth II took place atWestminster Abbey. In New York,the first passenger serviceHelicopter went into operationand TV Dinners becameavailable. Piltdown Man,discovered in Jersey in 1912, was proved to be a hoax thisyear, Michelin introduced the Radial Tyre and Chuck Yeagerreached Mach 2.43 in the Bell X-1A Rocket Plane.

An invention that would rock theworld appeared in 1954 whenLeo Fender produced his first“Stratocaster”, a definitive designthat is much imitated to this day.Elvis Presley’s debut single, “That’sAll Right” was released this year,

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Bill Haley and the Comets wereset to “Rock Around the Clock”,Bell Laboratories in New Yorkannounced the invention of theSolar Battery and Ray Kroc opensthe first MacDonalds. Teflon,invented in 1938, first appearedon non-stick pans this year, OralContraception was invented andRCA manufactured the first“miniature” colour television,which featured a 12.5 inchscreen and soldfor $1000.

The game of Scrabble first

appeared in 1955,Disney opened their Disneylandresort in Orange County, Californiaand released “Lady and theTramp”. A Solar powered car wasdemonstrated in Chicago, RCAdemonstrated the first Synthesizerand the Hovercraft was patentedby Christopher Cockerell.

In 1956, Britain abolished theDeath Penalty, Play-Doh wasinvented, a certain John WinstonLennon met Paul McCartney forthe first time and the world’s veryfirst commercial Video TapeRecorder was demonstrated byAmpex.

The first Electric Watch wasproduced in 1957, the year thatthe Wham-O Company made thefirst Frisbee and Hornby launched

Scalextric at the Harrogate ToyFair. Elizabeth Taylor divorced forthe second time, subsequentlymarrying Mike Todd, the firstElectric Portable Typewriter wenton sale and Elvis was drafted forNational Service this year.

Disaster struck the Ford MotorCompany with the launch of “The Edsel”, named afterHenry Ford’s only son.The 6000 survivingcars are nowcherished classics.Gone are the dayswhen Edsel meant“Every Day Something ElseLeaks”. Whilst out walking in1948, Swiss Engineer George deMestrel found Cockleburs clingingto his Jacket and his Dog.

This sparked an idea that would take the

next eight years to developbut resulted in the patenting of

Velcro in 1957. Incidentally, thename de Mestrel chose for hisinvention is derived from acombination of the two Frenchwords, Velour and Crochet,meaning Velvet and Hook.

1958 saw Elizabeth Taylordivorcing yet again, although shewould not remarry until thefollowing year, Parking Meterswere introduced in the UK,

the Skateboard was invented by Bill and Mark Richards, although itwould not catch on for many years and the Hula Hoop became a smash hit for its inventors RichardKnerr and Arthur “Spud” Melin. The Modulator/Demodulator

(Modem) was invented, Gibsonpatented their “Flying V” guitarand the Integrated Circuit Boardwas invented independently this year by Jack Kilby and RobertNoyce. Seven Manchester UnitedPlayers died in the Munich AirDisaster and “Laika”, the dog waskilled when Sputnik 2 burnt upwhile re-entering the Atmosphere.

NASA was inaugurated this yearand the first Radio signal to bebroadcast from space wastransmitted. In Charlotte, NorthCarolina, the world’s first ColourVideo recording was made and inDenmark, Lego wasinvented, named fromthe two Danish words,Leg Godt, meaning“play well”.

Luna 1 becamethe first craft totruly leave theEarth’s Atmosphere in1959, the same yearthat “SleepingBeauty” was released by Disney and Swedish Engineer Nils Bohlin invented the Seat Beltfor Volvo.

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The Barbie Doll first went on salethis year and to date over800,000,000 have been sold. Inreal life, Barbie would be a 7 foottall woman with a 48 inch bust lineand 10 inch waist. Elizabeth Taylormarried Eddie Fisher, theGuggenheim Museum opened inNew York City, designed by FrankLloyd Wright and “The Sound OfMusic” opened on Broadway. Thefirst colour photograph of Earth wasreceived from space and Sonyintroduced the 8-301 TransistorTelevision.

UFO’s are sighted by threeCalifornian Highway Patrolmen in1960, the Halogen light wasinvented, the Flintstones became thefirst Prime Time animation show andPlayboy opened the doors of its firstClub in Chicago. ILFORD launchedHP4 film this year, along withIlfacolor film, Ilfochrome 32Transparency film, Ilfochrome 258mm Cine film and later, Ilfocolorfilms and papers. The first patents forLasers were granted to ArthurSchawlow and Charles Townes andGranada Television broadcast thefirst episode of Coronation Street.

1961-1970The Beach Boys firstperformed together in 1961and The Beatles appearedat The Cavern for the firsttime. Bob Dylan, bornRobert Zimmerman, madehis debut at Folk City in Greenwich Village, “101Dalmations” was releasedand work commenced onthe construction of the Berlin Wall.

In 1962, the doors of the veryfirst K-Mart opened and MIT senta Television signal via satellite forthe first time. Marilyn Monroewas found dead this year, theAudio Cassette was invented inthe Netherlands by Phillips andYukio Horie of the TokyoStationery Company invented theFibre-tipped pen.

ILFORD introduced its famousIlfochrome colour reversal systemand Ciba Geigy acquiredLumière. In 1963 the USlaunched the first communicationssatellite, SYNCOM 1, The Beatleswere on tour, supporting Helen Shapiro, prior to the release of their debut Album “Please PleaseMe” and Alcatraz closed it’sdoors for the last time. The firstBond film, “Dr No” was releasedthis year and bad boys of Rock‘n’ Roll, The Rolling Stones, madetheir first television appearance.

In London, the first Home VideoRecorder was demonstrated andin the US, Zip Codes areintroduced by the Postal Service. Ciba Geigy approached ILFORDthis year, with a buy-out offer. OnAugust 28th, Martin Luther KingJunior made his famous

“I have a dream” speech andsadly three months later onNovember 22nd John FitzgeraldKennedy was Assassinated inDallas, Texas.

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Elizabeth Taylor was granted herfourth divorce and celebrated herfifth marriage, this time to RichardBurton, in 1964 and the GreatTrain Robbery was staged betweenLeighton Buzzard and Tring. The first BASIC program was runon a computer at DartmouthCollege, Hanover, New Hampshireand Mary Poppins was released,introducing us to the wordSupercallafrajalisticexpeallidocious.Bewitched, The Man from Uncleand The Munsters all appearedon television for the first time thisyear, “Fiddler on the Roof”opened on Broadway, the “Star ofIndia” diamond was stolen fromNew York and the first “PinkPanther” cartoon was screened.

The Who made their firsttelevision appearance in 1965,Astroturf and the Soft Contact Lenswere invented, Cooper andConrad completed 12 EarthOrbits in Gemini 5 and WinstonChurchill’s Funeral took place.Stanley Weston created a “Dollfor Boys” known as “GI Joe” inAmerica. By the time Joe reached

Europe, he had become “ActionMan”. Kevlar, which is 5 timesstronger than the same weight ofsteel and commonly used in Bullet-proof vests, was invented. Thefollowing year, The Cavern Clubclosed its doors, and television gave us Batman, Star Trek andThe Monkees.

Disaster struck Apollo I in 1967killing all three Astronauts,Grissom, White and Chaffee andThe Torrey Canyon struck theSeven Stones Reef off the Southcoast of Cornwall, which rippedopen six tanks and causing theship to lose its entire cargo of31,000,000 Gallons of Crude Oil

killing most marine life along thewhole of the south coast of Britainand the Normandy shores ofFrance. The ensuing fire burnt for12 days. 400 million viewerstuned in to see The Beatles “OurWorld” television special, whichfeatured the live performance of“All You Need Is Love” and “TheNews At Ten” was seen for the firsttime on British television. The LightEmitting Diode (LED) was inventedthis year and the first handheldCalculator, which would later usean LED Display, was invented byTexas Instruments’ employees JackKilby, who had invented theIntegrated Circuit 8 years earlier,Jerry Merryman, and James VanTassel. The Calculator used aThermal Printer to show its 12 digitcalculations. The Move’s “FlowersIn The Rain” was the first songbroadcast by BBC Radio One,which launched this year, Etch-A-Sketch began selling in ToyShops throughout the world andDisney’s animation of Rudyard

Kiplings “The Jungle Book” appeared in Cinemas. Dr Christian Barnard performedthe first Human Heart Transplantand the Residential Smoke Alarmwas developed.

The First Bank of Philadelphiainstalled the world’s first AutomaticTelling Machine (ATM), theComputer Mouse was invented byDouglas Engelbart, the first Boeing747 “Jumbo Jet” rolled out and Russia flew Supersonic with “Concordski”, the Tupelov TU-144all in the course of 1968.Concorde itself, made its first TestFlight in the following year in1969. Ciba Geigy became the

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sole owner of ILFORD Limited, sixyears after their initial approach,the first Human Eye transplant wasperformed this year, the Bar CodeScanner was invented, 16 yearsafter the Bar Code itself, the QEIIset out on her maiden voyage toNew York and the WoodstockFestival took place. Apparently, ifyou can remember the Summer of’69, you weren’t there! Sonyinvented the Video CassetteRecorder (VCR), The Jackson Fivemade their first Televisionappearance on The Ed Sullivanshow and the Internet wasofficially invented by theAdvanced Research ProjectsAgency (APRA) at the USDepartment of Defense.

On July 20th 1969, NeilArmstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrinand Michael Collins landed onthe Moon. The following day at2:56:15 am (GMT), Armstrongbecame the first Man to walk onthe Moon. Legend has it that“One small step for Man, onegiant leap for Mankind” had originally been scripted by NASAas “One small step for a man”,but the little “a” had been lost intransmission.

The Boeing 747 “Jumbo” took tothe air on its maiden flight in1970. This was the year that thefirst Digital Wristwatch, inventedby John M Bergey appeared,James T Russell invented the

Compact Disk, Fibre-Optics andthe Daisy Wheel Printer wereinvented, Alan Shugart invented

the Floppy Disk, InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation(IBM) announced the 370 Computer and Disney’s“Aristocats” was released. ThePost-it Note was invented by 3MCorporation’s Art Fry andSpencer Silver, although it wouldbe 10 years before the productgot to market. Fry wanted tosolve a nagging problem. He needed a method tobookmark pages in hisChurch Hymnal, whichwould neither damage thepages or fall out. Using anadhesive developed bySilver, which was strongenough to adhere but leftno residue whenremoved, he applied it tothe edge of a piece ofpaper – problem solved!

1971-1980The first Chatrooms startedon appear on the Internet in 1971 and E-mail wasinvented by Ray Tomlinson.Mount Etna erupted in Italy,the Dot-matrix printer wasinvented, the Liquid CrystalDisplay (LCD) and the FoodProcessor came intoexistence and the Microchipwas invented by Faggin,Hoff and Mazor.Disneyworld opened inFlorida and on the 15thFebruary this year, theBritish Pound Sterlingbecame Decimal.

1972, International Book Year,was the year that the Word Processor was invented. Bernsteinand Woodward published theirfirst article, exposing Watergateand the Goodyear Blimp took its

maiden flight. The Waltons andMASH wereprime-timetelevisionviewing, Pong,the first VideoGame wasinvented byNolan Bushell

and NASAannounced the

development ofthe Space Shuttle

Program.

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Ethernet Computer Networkingwas invented in 1973, the yearComet Kohoutek was discoveredand Bar Coding appeared for thefirst time. The first Cellular Phone,weighing 2lb went on the marketand two Scientists in the US,Stanley N Cohen and Herbert WBoyer were responsible for thediscovery of Genetic Engineering.Elizabeth Taylor, following areasonably long marriage by herstandards, divorced for the 5thtime in 1974, Hungarian ArchitectErnö Rubik frustrated the worldwith his invention that becameknown as “the Rubik’s Cube”

and the Safety Airbag, inventedby John Hetrick in 1952, wasmade available by General Motors.This was the year that ILFORDintroduced its Ilfospeed range ofphotographic papers.

The Rocky Horror Show, writtenand created by Richard O’Brien,took to the stage of the BelascoTheater in New York for the first of45 performances in 1975.Elizabeth Taylor decided toremarry Richard Burton, the SexPistols made their debut, PhoneCards and the Laser Printer wereinvented. Optical CharacterRecognition (OCR) was createdby Ray Kurzweil and the firstDigital recordings were made. Hypertext Mark Up Language(HTML), the wizardry behind themajority of Internet Pages, wasalso invented this year.

In 1976, Concorde made its firstcommercial flight, ILFORDlaunched its new HP5 film andDisneyworld greeted its 50millionth guest. The firstQuadrophonic Soundtrackappeared on the movie “Ladiesand Gentlemen, The RollingStones” and Queen’s Bohemian

Rhapsody becomes the first song to be accompanied by a PopVideo. Within a short space oftime, Elizabeth Taylor redivorcedRichard Burton and married JohnWarner for her 7th Toaster. Appledebuted their first PersonalComputer, the Inkjet Printer wasinvented and the “Pet Rock”,literally no more than a BeachPebble, was invented by GaryDahl. Cabbage Patch Dolls,complete with Birth Certificates,are invented by Xavier Roberts this year and the VHS video cassettewas introduced by the VictorCompany of Japan Limited (JVC).

The world was shocked to hearthat Elvis Aaron Presley had diedin 1977, the year that Concordemade its first landing in NewYork. The “Gossamer Condor”made the first “man-powered flightthis year, the first TRS-80 Model 1computer was sold, QueenElizabeth II celebrated her SilverJubilee and the Sports Bra wasinvented. In the following year1978, the first Microchip was patented by Texas Instruments,Red Rum won his 3rd consecutiveGrand National at Aintree,Liverpool, Velcro appeared on the

market, 21 years after it was firstpatented, the Karaoke Machinewas invented, developed from adevice invented in 1972 byJapanese Drummer Daisuke Inoue,

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and Star Wars was a smash hit atthe Cinema. Magnetic ResonanceImaging (MRI) was invented as wasHuman In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)and, following the rationalization ofproducts and facilities by Ciba-Geigy, ILFORD became responsiblefor their Photographic GroupWorldwide. Incidentally, Karaoketranslated from Japanese means“Empty Orchestra”.

1979 was the International Year ofthe Child. In the USA and on April20th, US President Jimmy Carter

was attacked by aRabbit during afishing trip in Plains,

Georgia.

The rabbit, which was possiblyfleeing a predator, swam towardhis boat, “hissing menacingly, itsteeth flashing and nostrils flared.”President Carter swatted at thenormally docile creature with acanoe paddle, which apparentlyscared it off. Trivial Pursuitbecame the idle pursuit of manythis year, the first commercial CellPhone was invented, Cheeriosgraced our Breakfast tables and Sony invented the Walkman.

The question on everybody’stongues in 1980 was “who shotJR”? The Blues Brothers Movie appeared on Cinema screens, In-line Skates or Roller-Bladeswere invented by20 year old ScottOlson, the 3.5inch FloppyDisk wasinventedand theworldmourned thesudden loss of JohnLennon. The Post-it Noteeventually made it to market,having spent nearly 10 years indevelopment.

1981-1990In 1981, the first SpaceShuttle, Columbia,successfully returned toEarth following her maidenvoyage. The world’s firstSolar Powered Aircraft the“Solar Challenger” crossedthe English Channel, IoannisV Yannas and John F Burkeinvented Synthetic Skin,Prince Charles married LadyDiana Spencer, MS-DOSwas invented by Microsoft, IBM introduced the PersonalComputer Disk OperatingSystem (PC DOS) version1.0 and MTV was launched.Lumière, who wereacquired by Ciba-Geigy in1962, eventuallyrelinquished their Corporatename in 1982 and becameknown as ILFORD Franceand Sony demonstrated the

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world’s first Digital Camerathis year and alsointroduced the world to theCamcorder, the firsthandheld Video Camerawhich required no“umbilical” cord. Thefollowing year saw theDoobie Brothers split upand the Falklands Warbeginning.

1982 was also the year that 10Oryx, then extinct in the wild,were released into their naturalhabitat in Oman, Elizabeth Taylordivorced for the 7th time and Diet-Coke was invented. Disney’svisionary EPCOT Center opened this year in Orlando, Florida.EPCOT was originally an

acronym for the “ExperimentalPrototype Community ofTomorrow”.

In 1983, the final episode ofMASH was aired. It was seen by125 million viewers. CompactDisc recordings were launchedjointly this year by Phillips andSony, the Radio ShackCorporation offered the world’sfirst Laptop Computer, CabbagePatch Kids went on sale for thefirst time and the oldest survivingHuman Skeleton, aged 80,000years was discovered in Egypt.

The world breathed a sigh of reliefin 1984, when Orwell’spredictions proved to be wrong,the year that Alec Jeffreys perfectedthe DNA Fingerprinting technique.Apple Computer Inc. unveiled itsfirst Macintosh computer, namedafter a type of apple. The company logo, a multi-coloured apple with a bite takenout of it is a reference to theBiblical story of Adam and Eve, inwhich the apple represents the fruitof the “tree of knowledge”. Coca-Cola announced it would changeits secret formula in 1985, butwithin a few months the drinksgiant brought back the 99 year oldsecret. A US and FrenchExpedition located the wreckage ofthe Titanic this year, off the coast ofNewfoundland and DesktopPublishing is invented. Windowswas invented by the MicrosoftCorporation and “Live Aid” rockedthe world for charity in ’85, withsimultaneous concerts in London,Philadelphia, Moscow and Sydney.

On the 21st April 1986 it was onemillion days since the foundation ofRome in 753BC. Fuji introducedthe first Disposable Camera thisyear, ILFORD sponsored RadioOne DJ Mike Smith in the UKTouring Car Race Championshipsand the Space Shuttle “Challenger”crashed, killing all seven Astronautsonboard.

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1987 introduced the worldto Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisaand Maggie Simpson,when the show first airedthis year. The Simpsons are nowthe world’s longest runningcartoon series. Nintendo launchedthe “Game Boy”, Digging beganin England and France, markingthe start of construction work for the Channel Tunnel,Laser Vision Correction wasinvented by Stephen Trokel in theUS, Scalextric released a Modelof the ILFORD sponsoredTouring Car Championshipvehicle and the MP3format was invented.The Koosh Ballappeared in storesthis year. It wasoriginally inventedto help teach youngchildren to catch.

A record breakingBanana Split appeared inSelingrove, Philadelphia in 1988.The world’s largest “Split”measured 4.55 miles in length,although no-one calculated thetotal time it took to eat the massiveconfectionery. ET, The Extra-Terrestrial was released on homevideo, with 14 million customerspre-ordering their copies and theSuper Soaker water gun wasinvented by Lonnie Johnson, anAerospace engineer, which heoriginally called the “PowerDrencher”. This was the year thata bomb, aboard PanAm Flight103, exploded in mid-air over thequiet Scottish Town of Lockerbie.Eight years earlier, in 1980, ayoung software engineer workingfor six months at CERN, theEuropean Laboratory for Particle

Physics, inGeneva, developed

a small piece of softwarethat could, as he described in

his own words, keep “track of allthe random associations onecomes across in real life andbrains are supposed to be sogood at remembering butsometimes mine wouldn’t.” Hecalled this software “EnquireWithin Upon Everything”, a titleborrowed from a Victorian Encyclopedia, inventing his“global hypertext system”. Tim

Burners-Lee then set aboutfinding a more suitable

name for his invention.“Mine ofInformation” (MOI),was considered,but was thought tobe egotistical as

was “TheInformation Mine”

(TIM). Anotherconsideration was “InformationMesh” but Berners-Lee thought thissounded too much like “mess”. In1988, he eventually decidedupon 3 letters that he had used toidentify a WYSIWYG (what yousee is what you get) hypertextbrowser/editor that ran in theNeXTStep environment, found aname to suit the acronym, andgave birth to possibly the biggestand most used inventions of the20th Century, the World WideWeb.

In 1989 IM Pei’s pyramidicalentrance to the Louvre opened inParis and an Earthquake in SanFransisco, California killed 67people. Jaron Lanier, a ComputerScientist invented “Virtual Reality”,James Fisher and Oliver Macleod-

Smith of Johannesburg, SouthAfrica invented the “SnakeBoard”, best described as a“Universally Jointed Skateboard” this year and the rare conjunctionof Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn and the Moon known as aStellium, a conjunction that involvesthree or more planets, took place,

which some might argue,influenced the demolition of theBerlin Wall. The next such Stelliumwill not take place for another 13Centuries, in the year 3370.

Nelson Mandela was releasedfrom Robben Island after 27 yearsof captivity in 1990. In a bay notfar from Cape Town, South Africa,the Island was once the home tolepers, the mentally insane,thieves, and political prisoners.The prison eventually closed afternearly 400 years use as a placeof banishment, exile, isolation andimprisonment, the island wasdeclared a World Heritage siteand it is now a tourist site, withboat trips run by ex-guards andtours conducted by ex-prisoners.This was the year thatMacDonalds opened their firstrestaurant in Russia, which wasalso the largest in the world,Digital Television was inventedand rioting began in London inprotest over the newly introduced“Poll Tax”. ILFORD announced theDigital Photo Imager (DPI) thisyear at the Photokina Exhibition,held in Cologne, Germany hailingthe dawn of the Companiesventure into the new technology ofDigital Imaging. The Hubble

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Telescope was launched and sentits first message from space, Iraqinvaded Kuwait and the K’nex ToyConstruction kit was invented byJoel Glickman.

1991-2004In the early hours ofJanuary 16th 1991,Operation Desert Stormwas launched to liberateKuwait from the Iraqiinvasion. The “Birmingham6” were released, followingan appeal, after 16 yearsof imprisonment, and thefirst Internet Search Engineappeared. Elizabeth TaylorMarried for the 8th time,

this time to Larry Fortenskyand the USSR officiallyceased to exist. Kodakintroduced a Digital Camerawhich stored images on aFloppy Disk around thistime, although the historyof Digital Photography is alittle vague the average costof Digital CameraEquipment at this time wasin region of $18,000.

In 1992, Scientists in Sandwich,Kent were trying to “come up”with a treatment for Angina.What they eventually developedbecame known as Viagra. TheGeneral Synod voted for theOrdination of Women in theUnited Kingdom this year andSony introduced the Mini-Disc.

The Digital Video Disc (DVD), nowrenamed the Digital “Versatile”Disc was invented in 1993, theyear that the European Unioncame into existence. Intel inventedthe Pentium Processor, AppleComputer Inc invented thePersonal Digital Assistant (PDA)this year, naming it “TheNewton”, maintaining theircommitment to fruit based product

names and Adobe introduced theworld to the Portable DocumentFormat (PDF) file. H Ty Warnercreated a range of 12 bean bagtoys this year which took theworld by storm. He called them“Beanie Babies”, a phenomenonthat mushroomed into a multi-million dollar business.

Los Angeles, California wasrocked by an Earthquake whichkilled 60 people in 1994 and theChurch of England ordained thefirst of 33 Women Priests. Theworld’s largest Lollipop was madein Denmark, weighing 3,011lband Nelson Mandela was swornin as South Africa’s first BlackPresident. In Britain, the “NationalLottery” was launched and thescourge of the Internet, Spam,was invented by two Attorneys,taking its name from MontyPython’s homage to the processedmeat invented by Hormel MeatPackaging in 1937. ILFORDlaunched the “Printasia DigitalImaging System” in 1994. Thesystem included a Computer,Scanner, Printer and ImageManipulation software butsuffered due to the constantlychanging technology of computersand peripherals at the time, whichled to its demise.

The financial house of Baringscollapsed after suffering hugelosses made by Trader Nick Leesonin 1995 and JavaScript wasinvented. An Earthquake in Japankilled more than 5,000 people, thecriminal trial of OJ Simpsonopened in California and a NerveGas Attack in a Tokyo subwaykilled eight and injured thousands.In May of this year the US SpaceShuttle Atlantis successfully dockedwith the Russian Space Station Mirand the Los Angeles Jury finds OJ “Not Guilty” of murdercharges. Kodak introduced theDC40 this year, which was the firstDigital Camera aimed atconsumers, which could beconnected directly to a computerand retailed at under $1,000.Apple introduced their QuickTakecamera in the same year.

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Britain was alarmed by theoutbreak of Mad Cow Disease(BSE) in March 1996 whilst inAmerica, the FBI arrested thesuspected Unabomber. ILFORD introduced it’s thirdgeneration Chromagenic film, XP2Super this year, Ella Fitzgerald,the legendary Jazz Singer died,Prince Charles and Princess Dianaagreed to divorce and Franceannounced its intention to stopNuclear testing.Cloning left the realm of ScienceFiction and became reality in

1997, when Scientists atEdinburgh’s Roslin Institute gavebirth to “Dolly the Sheep”. The Hale Bopp Comet passed theclosest to Earth that it would be for

another 4397 years and the MassSuicide took place of the Heaven’sGate religious Cult in California. Princess Diana died this yearwhen she was involved in a carcrash in Paris, France and MotherTheresa of Calcutta received thefirst State Funeral accorded to a“private citizen” in India. HongKong returned to Chinese Ruleafter 156 years as a BritishTerritory and two people wereconvicted for the World TradeCentre Bombing in New York.

The world’s first “RazorScooter”, the late TwentiethCenturies last fad, wasunveiled at the NationalSports Goods Association(NSGA) World Sports Expoin Chicago 1998 by itsTaiwanese inventor Gino Tsai.US President Bill Clintondenied all allegations of anaffair with White House internMonica Lewinsky this year anda landmark peace settlement,

The Good Friday Accord, wasachieved in Northern Ireland.ILFORD entered the mass inkjetconsumer market with the launchof the PRINTASIA Inkjet PhotoRange of papers.

In 1999, King Hussein of Jordandied as did John Kennedy Junior,when his Private Aircraft crashedas he piloted it to the KennedyFamily retreat. The first non-stop

Balloon flight around-the-worldwas completed by BertrandPiccard of Switzerland and BrianJones of Britain. The circumnavigation took 20days to complete. The “Melissa”computer virus wreaked havoc asit spread across the Internet and Libya handed over two suspectsfor the 1988 Lockerbie Bombingof PanAm 103. Nelson Mandelaretired as President of SouthAfrica this year and Britain’s

Prince Edward married SophieRhys-Jones. US Judges ruledMicrosoft was a Monopoly,Scientists measured the fastestwind speeds ever recorded onEarth at 318mph and Self Rulebegan in Northern Ireland for thefirst time in 25 years. On October1st 1999, the world populationreached 6 billion.

Afghan Hijackers seized a planein 2000, eventually releasing thehostages at Stanstead Airport,England and the short lived Self-Rule in Northern Ireland ended as the IRA missed their disarmamentdeadline. Bill Gates’ MicrosoftCorporation lost its Anti Trust suitin the USA and the “I Love You”

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virus disrupted computersworldwide. In France, an AirFrance Concorde crashed nearParis, killing all 113 on boardand George Bush’s slim majorityin Florida during the USPresidential Elections leads to anAutomatic recount. This was alsothe year that ILFORD launched theGALERIE Professional Inkjet PhotoRange of paper and media.

Dean Kamen, an Entrepreneur fromNew Hampshire, invented themind-boggling Segway HumanTransporter in 2001. US Millionaire Dennis Tito becamethe first “space tourist this year, theArtificial Liver was invented by DrKenneth Matsumura of the AlinFoundation, Self-cleaning windowswere invented by PPG Industriesand the Enron Corporation, one ofthe world’s largest companies, filedfor bankruptcy. By the end of theyear, Paul MacCartney and Ringo

Starr would become the twosurviving Beatles, following thedeath of George Harrison. All willremember the horrific act ofTerrorism that occurred onSeptember 11th this year. TheTwin Towers of the World TradeCentre in New York weredestroyed when two Jet Airlinerswere deliberately flown into themain structures of the buildings, athird Jet was forced to crash intothe Pentagon in Washington DC and a fourth Aircraft was crashedto the ground 80 miles fromPittsburgh. The news of theseatrocities shook the world and theimmediacy of new technologybrought terror into every home.

Twelve European countriesadopted the new EuropeanMonetary Unit and became “EuroPaying” on January 1st 2002, theyear that James Auger and JimmyLoizeau invented the “PhoneTooth”, although to date, there arenot many Early Adopters of thistechnology. The Foveon CameraChip was invented by Richard Merrill, Queen Elizabeth IIcelebrated her Golden Jubilee,Ryan Patterson invented the BrailleGlove and a Terrorist bomb attackin Bali killed hundreds at a NightClub. Washington DC waspreyed upon by Snipers, resultingin the arrest of two men inOctober of that year.

US and British Coalition forceswent to War with Iraq, oustingSaddam Hussein’s Dictatorship in2003, Concorde flew

Supersonically for the final timeand terrorist bombs explodedoutside the British Consulate and HSBC Bank in Istanbul,Turkey. Wall Street JournalistMichael Drosnin found a “hiddenskip-code” in the Bible, whichpredicted the end of the world in2010 and Paul MacCartneystripped naked the final BeatlesAlbum “Let It Be” of Producer PhilSpector’s original mix. Spectorhimself was on trial for murder.US President George Bush leftBuckingham Palace to have lunchwith Prime Minister Tony Blair atthe Dun Cow Pub in the village ofSedgewick, Cumbria, beforereturning to America.

British Pensioner KennethWightman from Bolton, becamethe first Blind person to “see”again, using a revolutionaryBionic Eye. Following a £60,000operation, Kenneth became oneof 8 people from around theworld to have a Bionic Eye. At theclose of the year, sending SPAMin Europe became a Criminaloffence, carrying a fine of up to£5000 and on December 13th2003, American Troops capturedSaddam Hussein. He was foundhiding underground in a 9ftsquare bunker near the town ofTikrit in Iraq.

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By the close of the TwentiethCentury and the beginning ot the21st, inventions and innovationswere becoming increasingly“virtual”. This brief review of theicons, events and innovations of thepast 125 years has taken 62,146characters to describe and contains12,088 words according to theword processing package used,which incidentally, was invented in1992. It can only be hoped thatthe next 125 years will be aseventful and interesting to describe.

Does anybody fancy trying to re-invent the wheel?

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE 2• ILFORD Sunburst Logo

(circa 1960’s)• Selochrome

Advertisement(circa 1950’s)

PAGE 3• Incandesant Light (1879)• ILFORD Logo (circa 1880)• Britannia Works Limited

Factory (1888)

PAGE 4• ILFORD “Alpha” Paper

Label (1884)• The Statue of Liberty

(1884)• Flaked Cereal (1884)• Roller Coaster (1884)• Motorcycle (1885)• The Eiffel Tower (1889)

PAGE 5• Motion Picture (1895)• Britannia Works Price List

(1897)• Paper Clip (1899)• Hamburger (1900)

PAGE 6• Safety Razor (1901)• Wax Crayon (1903)• Aircraft (1903)• ILFORD Magazine Box

Camera (1903)

PAGE 7• Brickwork from the

“Rajar” Building at ILFORD, Mobberley (1903)

• ILFORD “Intona” Paper Label (1910)

• ILFORD “King’s Own Plate” Label (1912)

PAGE 8• Continuous Assembley Line

Production (1913)• Crossword Puzzle (1913)• Rajar Bromide Paper

Label (1911)• Zipper (1913)

PAGE 9• Namestone from the

“Rajar” Building at ILFORD, Mobberley (1903)

• Lipstick Tube (1915)• Bolshevik Revolution

(1917)• Rajar Limited Delivery

Van

PAGE 10• Commercial Radio (1922)• BBC “Ident” Chimes

(1923)• Loudspeaker (1924)

PAGE 11• ILFORD Exposure Meter

(circa 1920’s)• ILFORD Panchromatic

Comparison Prints (circa 1920’s)

• His Master’s Voice Badge (Automatic Record Changer 1927)

• Bread Slicer (1927)

PAGE 12• Hi-Definition Television (1936)• Automatic Traffic Light (1930)• Ford V8 Engine (1932)

PAGE 13• Monopoly (1933)• Dufaycolor Advertisement

(circa 1930’s)• Long Playing Record (1934)• Biro (1935)• Volkswagen (1936)

PAGE 14• Golden Gate Bridge (1937)• ILFORD “Plastika” Paper Label

(circa 1939)• Nylon Stockings (1939)

PAGE 15• ILFORD Selo Advertisement

(circa 1940’s)• ILFORD “Selo” Plate Label

(circa 1940’s)• Army Nurse Corps Recruitment

Advertisement (circa 1940’s)• ILFORD “Witness” Camera

(1947)

PAGE 16• ILFORD “Advocate” Camera

(1947)• ILFORD Colour “D” Film

Packaging (circa 1948)• Juke Box - Rock ‘n’ Roll

(circa 1950’s)

PAGE 17• Mr Potato Head (1951)• ILFORD “Lustre Bromide”

Comparison Print (circa 1950’s)

• Bar Code (1952)• Radial Tyre (1953)

PAGE 18• Fender Stratocaster (1954)• Scrabble (1955)• ILFORD Process and Print

Service (circa 1950’s)• Ford Edsel (1957)• Integrated Circuit Board

(1958)• Lego (1958)

PAGE 19• First colour image of Earth

received from space (1959)• Audio Cassette (1962)• ILFORD ILFOCHROME

Advertisement (1962)• Handheld Calculator (1967)

PAGE 20• ILFORD FP3 and HP3

Advertisement (1961)• Concorde (1969)

PAGE 21• Man lands on the Moon

(1969)• Boeing 747 “Jumbo” Jet

(1968)• Compact Disc (1970)• Goodyear Blimp (1972)

PAGE 22• Post-it Note (1970)• Space Shuttle Program

announced (1972)• ILFORD Film Range

(circa 1970’s)• Microchip (1978)

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE 23• ILFORD Advertisement (1972)• Presidential “Rabbit” attack

(1979)• World Wide Web (1988)• Cellular Phone (1979)• 3.5inch Floppy Disk (1980)• ILFORD Panchromatic Film

range (circa 1981)

PAGE 24• Space Shuttle Maiden Voyage

(1981)• ILFORD Advertisement

(circa 1980’s)• ILFORD Scalextric Car (1987)

PAGE 25• ILFORD XP1 Chromagenic Film

range (circa 1981)• Koosh Ball (1987)• Conjunction of the Planets

(1989)

PAGE 26• Cellular Phone technology

comes of age (1990’s)• K’Nex Construction Toy

(1990)

PAGE 27• “Mad Cow” Disease (1996)• Prince and Princess of Wales

(circa 1993)• Hong Kong night Skyline

(1997)• Razor Scooter (1998)• US President Clinton (1999)• ILFORD XP2 SUPER

Chromagenic Film (1996)

PAGE 28• ILFORD PRINTASIA Inkjet

Paper range (1998)• ILFORD GALERIE Professional

Inkjet Photo range (2000)• Bionic Eye Technology (2003)

All names in capitals areRegistered Trademarks of ILFORD Imaging Limited. All other product names are Trademarks of their respective owners.Every effort has been made tovalidate the information containedin this booklet. E&OE.

ILFORD Imaging Limited, Town Lane, Mobberley, Cheshire, WA16 7JL