IMUDUGUDU: Urban and Rural Settlement Typologies

Atelier Rwanda: September 2010IMUDUGUDU: Urban and Rural Settlement TypologiesIUAV | KIST

instructors: Tomà Berlanda, Sierra Bainbridgetutor: Alice Cappelli

3

4

32

44

Contents

Phase 1: Mapping existing settlement typologies Colline Informal Imudugudu Linear

Phase 2: Scenarios and objectives Colline Informal Imudugudu Linear

Phase 3: Working in Kigali Masterplan Elements Final exhibition

Atelier Rwanda: September 2010IUAV | KIST

instructors: Tomà Berlanda, Sierra Bainbridgetutor: Alice Cappelli

students:William BianchiJean Paul BigirimanaBrian CyogereMarie Minerve DukundeLucia Fanetti ZamboniMonica FontanaFlavia GwizaEmmanuel HavugimanaFabiola KaligirwaMaddalena LazzarinRichard MpfiziEmmanuel MutabaziKenneth NkusiJean Bosco NdungutseAlexis NiyongombwaAloys NshimiyimanaMarie Amelie NtigulirwaLambert NyirimanaEnrico PeriniFrancesca TaglioniJean Pierre TuyisengeSeth UwimanaJean Paul UzabakirihoRiccardo ValsesiaChiara Zonta

5Phase 1: Mapping existing settelement typologies

Phase 1: Mapping existing settlement typologies

What is the pattern of settlement in Rwanda? How has it come to its current manifestation? What are the various factors (social, economic, climatic, topographical, political) that have helped to determine the settlement’s organization and how can these be represented in a visually compelling way?

The initial task (weeks 1-2) has been for students to determine how to show the answers to the questions they had discovered during their field observations in the first week of the workshop. Every group set out with a very detailed questionnaire which had been generated collectively, with the aim of gathering sufficient evidence supporting the thesis that at present state, four are the existing typologies of settlement:

- Colline- Informal- Linear Market - Imudugudu (government planned neighbourhoods).

The objective has been to represent as simply and clearly as possible the information gathered through sketches and answers to questions. In the set of diagrams that follows, through different scales of representation, the information has been processed and rendered comparable in three main categories:

1. Region 2. Settlement3. Dwelling

7

colline 2 Kigeyo

colline 1 Kirenge

Phase 1: Mapping existing settelement typologies

KigeyoCOLLINE TYPOLOGY Kirenge

9

morphologytopography

territorial sections

density

distance to services

vegetation

vegetation density


COLLINE: Kirenge _ Kigeyo

11

materialsplan

vegetation

settlement

animals

daily routine (morning)

daily routine (afternoon)

daily routine (evening)



13

typical house plan

typical house section



Kirenge plan (not to scale)

15

informal 1 Gitega informal 2 Biryogo


GitegaINFORMAL TYPOLOGY Biryogo


INFORMAL: Gitega _ Biryogo

public buildings and infrastructureslocalization

density

topography


intensity of population using services

distances to services

water map


INFORMAL: Gitega _ Biryogo

house 01figure ground

public and gathering spaces

functions

vegetation

house 02

house 03 plan and section

house 04 plan and section

21

imudugudu 1 Batsinda

imudugudu 2 Mandela


BatsindaIMUDUGUDU TYPOLOGY Mandela


IMUDUGUDU: Batsinda _ Mandela

figure groundtopography

density

topography


land cover

vegetation

streets and movement patterns


IMUDUGUDU: Batsinda _ Mandela

house 01richness

public institutions

services

house 02

typical section

27

linear 1 Kinini

linear 2 Nyamirambo


KininiLINEAR MARKET TYPOLOGY Nyamirambo


LINEAR: Kinini _ Nyamirambo

main public buildings and servicesdensity


density

topography

building functions

land use

empty space between street and houses


LINEAR: Kinini _ Nyamirambo

house 01sections

plan house 02

detail section

33Phase 2: Scenarios and objectives

Phase 2: Scenarios and objectives

In the second phase (week 3) the objective has been to take a larger view of the challenges of densification facing Rwanda in the next 30 years by attempting to understand in a physical way the impact that Rwanda’s future population growth will have on the both the urban and rural landscape. This, coupled with the studio’s observations and analysis of existing urban and rural inhabitation, provide two levels of understanding which are the key in the beginning to be able to project the sufficiency of the strategies for densification currently being employed by Rwanda’s government and to begin to imagine alternatives. The studio’s analysis revealing a comprehensive understanding of the needs and habits of both the rural and urban household may suggest alternatives to programs in place that question assumptions regarding infrastructure, house design, methods of densification requiring transition of land ownership, neighbourhood organizations, and more.

The current population growth at 2.5% indicates that from a current population of 10.6 million people, there will be 14.5 million people in 2020, and 21 million people 2040. This is roughly an increase by 1.5x the current population in 2020, and 2x the current population in 2040. Rwanda is 26320 square km and the current density is 400 people per square km and 4 persons per hectare on average.

In 2040, there will be 800,000 persons per square km, and 8 persons per hectare. Currently, 83.5% of this population is rural, 9 % is urban, and 7.5% is in Kigali.

To understand what this means, relative to the current housing typologies and government strategy for densification, we propose that this projection is made physical on one sample of each typology. For each step below, students were asked to find a way to record each step, including current density, density multiplied by 1,5 and by 2, as well as each following alternative they created:

Step 1: Choice of one example per typology. Creation of a physical base at 1:5000, which reflects the known topography and the existing settlement. This has been executed in clay, keeping in mind that its technique of construction should be malleable in that it should show not only the current settlement but allow for multiplication, alteration, experimentation.

Step 2: Playing out the population growth scenarios based on current trends and types of settlement observed. Initially the current pattern are shown. Next, the projection of how these will be affected by multiplying the current population by 1.5x, and finally, by 2x.

Step 3: Experimenting with alternative methods of densification for each area. Relative to topography, infrastructure, services and technology, are there other possibilities for methods of densification? Is densification necessary? Should the rural be preserved (knowing that 80% of Rwanda’s production is agricultural). While looking at some of these alternatives at 1:5000, students began to imagine how alternatives could be imagined at other scales, including the scale of the house, the community, the town. Sketching, modelling, writing were all viable methods of exploration.

Step 4: Drawing up objectives and conclusions. Based on what students know to be important elements of the Rwandan household (garden, shop, livestock, yard, etc); what they know to be great inadequacies (access to water, electricity, sources of affordable food, education, etc), and what they understand to be the huge pressures of population growth based on the scenarios above. Does the architectural response to this as proposed by Miniloc and others seem adequate? What are the shortfalls? What aspects might be applicable?

The objectives and conclusions agreed upon became the the basis of the final design in the last week.


COLLINE: Kirenge

INFORMAL: Gitega LINEAR: Nyamirambo

IMUDUGUDU: Mandela


COLLINE: Kirenge

existing linear

rural 2020 rural 2040

urban 2040

hilltop 2020 hilltop 2040

urban 2020

topography >

infrastructure >

housing >

public services >

land use >

business, other income >

water, electricity >

hilltops

network

fill in boundaries according to need

network

planned specificity, collective agriculture for personal use, collective industry for commercial use

mixed within settlement

central, nodal


INFORMAL: Gitega

existing

new streets and linear growth

linear development random pattern

branches

topography >

infrastructure >

housing >

public services >

land use >



-

major vertical connections (aerial/terrestrial) + horizontal distribution (formalize existing)

maximum density reached

punctual + linear

mixed

plot by plot

-


IMUDUGUDU: Mandela

existing

lineareven grid

isolated settlements concentrated

casual sprawl

growth inwards linear block growth inwards radial pattern

growth inwards low rise high density growth inwards megablocks

topography >

infrastructure >

housing >

public services >

land use >



indifferent

perimeter, growth inwards

linear low rise blocks

infill, connected

zoning, collective agriculture

flexible, essential

nodal


LINEAR: Nyamirambo

existing

distribution of secondary services

strengthen circulation

increase in density

linking cross streets

vertical densification

concentration of main services

topography >

infrastructure >

housing >

public services >

land use >



indifferent

strengthen and differentiate existing linear and dispersed

increase vertically

strengthen and add to existing

-

linear along street fronts

linear

45Phase 3: Working in Kigali

Phase 3: Working in Kigali

In light of existing and proposed housing alternatives collectively discussed in the scenario testing, alongside the demographic projections that have been played out on the various sites, emerged a critique to the current approach for housing in Rwanda.

The conclusion of the previous step brought the group to a synthesis of the information gathered in the form of a list of pertinent objectives aimed at informing alternative models of settlement typologies. Starting with the Kigali Concept Master Plan objectives, a more detailed list of the key issues that should be tackled in schematic designs has been formulated.

Thus, the objective for the final phase (week 4) of the workshop has been to build on the understanding of the house and the settlement in the context of Rwanda’s future demographic change and projected models of densification (imudugudu) to test some potential alternate hybrid typologies on a site on the northern slope of Kacyru hill in Kigali. Stretching between the ministerial hilltop, the valley and the adjacent hill where existing informal settlements have been removed to make space for high income neighborhood, the area is destined to be subject to market driven development pressures.

The goal is to question the proposed zoning and settlement model for the site, in what could become a protoypical approach to the future development of Rwanda’s territory.


armature

strips

Stemming from an initial schema presentation of four alternatives, the final design is a synthesis and hybridizing of two proposals:

I. A trans-topographical connection / armature, capable of carrying and supporting certain community program (potentially 2 primary and 1 secondary school, 1 market, 1 health center, 1 library, 10 multiuse centers)

OVERLAID or INTERWOVEN with

II. a mat/strip proposition which organizes land use primarily (potentially various residential typologies, agricultural, livestock, agroforestry, other land based production) but also carrying certain programs that must be evenly spread amongst all residential areas (potentially electricity, water, waste water treatment, internet, playground, garbage collection, self production, public space, sports, parking etc.).


DESIGN: Kacyru masterplan:

strips of housing and fields

health center

school

shops

market

park and multipurpose center

public lavatories

51

vegetation

connective corridor

public services

strips

housing

topography


DESIGN: Kacyru

layers:

53

health center

strips of housing and fields

market


DESIGN: Kacyru

55

public lavatories

school

shops

park and multipurpose center


DESIGN: Kacyru

57

housing typologies

house A

house B

house C

house D

house E


DESIGN: Kacyru

59Final exhibition

IUAV | KIST Atelier Rwanda: September 2010

Documents

IMUDUGUDU: Urban and Rural Settlement Typologies