1. Indian Ethos-Multiplicity and Variety-Yet has commonness.

• Focus on the Ultimate Principles or Intelligence to Whom man seeks recourse

2. Personality• Personality Development through Yoga- the

paths/margs; Bhakti, Karma, and Gyan.• The three Gunas- Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.• Individual- A being with infinite capabilities and potential

is a result of his own action.• Koshas – The concept of Man.• Meditation- The technique for Development of Self.• Leadership- Qualities of a Leader with special referance to

Indian Thoughts.

3. Society and Social Groups Society – Combination of individuals of

Diversity ; values that reflect social practices and customs – impact on individuals and collective behaviour ; Use coercion to enforce compliance for societal values.

Festivals – Significance of Festivals and harmony with nature

Learning – Indian Concept of Learning – Gurukul System of Learning

4. Spirituality Core Teachings of all founders of religion Spirituality v/s Religion5. Concept of Maya (Illusion) – Meaning,

Scope and Implications at Work6. Concept of Dharma – Varna Ashram –

Dharma and Swadharma7. Concept of Karma – Meaning and

Importance to Managers and Corporates8. Concept of Vasudev Kutumbakam

Various Customs and Traditions Habits Individual CharacteristicsDefinitionAccording to the Websters Dictionary, Ethos

is ‘The Characteristics Spirit of Culture, Era or Community; and individuals

Ethos are:a. Part of the psyche of a communityb. Related to the behaviour that is

normal, spontaneous and unplannedc. It is something which if imbibed in the

work place, will make it stress-free and more productive

d. They are based on customs and traditions

e. They are neither right nor wrong

Evolution of Indian Ethos1. Multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-

religious country• Dowry System and Sati System• Female Infanticide• IRDP – project of Leather, Poultry etc.

in villages where Brahmin and Vaishya Communities live.

Even among Hindus, there are different cultural norms:

Goddess Kali to whom wine and meat are offered as a worshiping ritual

Common Ethos in India1. It is still a taboo in India for lovers or

spouses to kiss or embrace in public.2. Guests are welcome (Athiti Devo Bhava)3. Elders, parents and teachers are

respected.4. Alms are offered to poor.5. God fearing.6. Marriage is considered to be a life-long

relation-Permanent7. Children are well taken of until they are

married; Joint Family System. “Sarva Dharma Sambhavana” Ethos are based on Vedas, Upanishads,

etc.

1) Know one self - It implies to know that a man is a part of “supreme Soul’. He has all the divine qualities like integrity, honesty, patience, loyality, forgiveness, compassion, self-less service, love; but they are dormant.

2) Self realization – Balanced Life- materialistic and spiritualistic.

a. Self is constant delightb. Self is eternal perfectionc. Self is entirely self-sufficientd. Self is universal lovee. Self is importable and silent

( transferable from one format to other ) The person becomes a socio-centric

from ego-centric

‘If you cannot manage self, you cannot manage others’

SELF

I

Profession

Family

Peers and colleague

sSociety / Nation

BodyMind

Soul

Intellect

All living beings are part of Supreme Soul So also nature is a part of us

5-Team spirit‘Om sahana vavatu, sahanau bhunaktu;Saha viryam karvavahe,Tejasvina vadhita mastu, Maa Vidvisha vahe’(May he protect us; May he help us to enjoy;May we work together; May our efforts be

thorough and faithful.May we never misunderstand each other.

7- Service Attitude8- Spirit of sacrifice9- Chitta Shuddhi – Purification of Mind.“blessed are those who have pure mind’

Jesus Christ10-Unity in Diversity11- Tolerance12 Peace Loving13 Humane

a) Promotes Teamworkb) Makes one less self-centeredc )Enables one to view things from others

perspectived) It enables one to reduce expectation

from others e) Fosters unity and dissolves partisanship“United we stand and divided we fall”f) Brings in the concept of ‘US’ and ‘WE’,

instead of ‘I’ and ‘THEM’g) Brings in Synergy

How to Develop Cooperation

a) Meet the person with whom you are concerned , on a regular basis

b) Learn to forgive and forget

c) Have a regular exposure to Satsang and inspirational literature

a) Love and friendship b) Love from unexpected quarters c) Reverance and dignity d) Gives binding unity e) Ever lasting peace f) HappinessBut it demands efforts

“We must learn to live as brothers or perish together as fools”

For cooperation, “Adopt and Adapt”

Buddhism-Buddha was born around 550 BC-Seeing the sorrows and despair of human

being,he left his home -He got enlightenment while sitting under a

Bodhi treeBuddhist Philosophy-Governed by democratic principles-Preaches middle path between two extremes-

Life of self torture and life of luxurious living

ng

Buddhism teaches the following:

1.Right Understanding2.Right aspiration3.Right conduct4.Right Vocation5.Right effort6.Right mindfulness7.Right concentration

Mahavir was born around 540 BC and propagated JainismPrinciples of Jainism are as follows: Ahimsa (Non-violence)

Satyam (Truthfulness) Astiya (Non- stealing) Brahmacharya(Celibacy) Aparigraha( Non-covetousness)It teaches Universal Brotherhood-Ahimsa paramo dharam

1 To perform kind acts without expecting any reward.

2 To rejoice at the wellbeing of others3 To sympathise with the sufferings of

the distressed people.4 To pity the criminals

Additionally, the five gateways of knowledge are as follows:

1. Mati- That comes from five sense organs.Shruti-That comes from listening to learned

2. Avadhi- Recognition of the events of the past

3. Mana Paraya- Through what is in other’s mind

4. Keval Pure, transcending all knowledge and precedes attainment of Nirvana

PUNYA-Doing service with sincerety.Monks duties include the following:Forgiveness, humility, avoidance of intrigues and deceit in speech and action, simplicity, and austerity, celibacy and

being faithful.

The path of ‘Nirvana’ is the attainment through right faith, right

knowledge and right conduct, as indicated in the scriptures.

-It is the fifth largest organised religion in the world.

-It is a system of religious philosophy known as GURUMAT (Counsel of Gurus)

-Guru Granth Sahibji (Adi Granth) is the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus.

Its principles are as follows:1. Faith in ‘Wahe guru’ represented by the

phrase ‘IKONKAR’ – meaning one God (monotheism).

2. Realisation of truth is higher than everything in the world. Higher still, is truthful living.

3. It emphasizes the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimmination of the basis of caste, creed and religion

4. It does not attach any importance to asceticism as a means of attaing salvation, but stresses on the need of leading a life as a householder.

5. It emphasizes that God is shapeless, timeless and sightless.

6. It believes in universality of God.7. It states that God is omnipresent and is

infinite.8. It believes that God created the entire cosmos.9. It stresses that God can be seen only from the

‘inward eye’ or through the heart.10. Devotees must meditate to progress to

progress towards enlightenment and reaching the ‘Supreme Soul – The God’.

ISLAMMohammed, the founder of Islam was born in 570 ad in Mecca

and laid the foundation of ISLAM –Submission to the will of God

-It is the religion of self – surrender and following the commands of God

-Believes in the universal brotherhood of man- Except Allah there is no God.Some the teachings of Islam are as follows;1. The true believer desires for others that he desires for himself.2. Got will not be affectionate to those who are not affectionate

to God’s creatures3. He is amongst the most favourites of God from whom the

greatest good comes to his creatures4. Fed the hungry, visit the sick and free the captive if he is

unjustifiedly sent to jail 5. Assist any oppressed person6. Love thy fellow-beings first.7. Abuse no one and despise not good

8. Speak to thy brothers of good acts and kindness9. If a man reproaches you for what he knows in

you, do not do the same for what you know of him.

10. He who masters himself when angry, is the strongest person.

11. Do not take up arms except in self-defense.12. Religion of sacrifice13. Strongly prohibits use of force for its

observance.14. Drinking, envy, flattery, greed , hypocrisy,

lying, violence, wickedness are not appreciatedThese doctrines are well-scripted in Quran, The

Sona, the Ijma, and the Qias.

The true Muslim believes in the following – God and his angels Scriptures and the apostles Resurrection and the Day of Judgement God’s absolute decree

Other duties of Muslims are as follows – a. Prayer (Namaaz)b. Giving almsc. Keep fasting of Ramadaand. Haj- Performance ( Piligrimage to Mecca)

Founded around 150 years ago, by Baha’ullah.

It teaches oneness of all human beings and all religions

Basic teachings of Bahai faith are as follows – 1. All humanity is one family2. All men and women are equal3. All divisive tendencies on the basis of race,

religion, caste, economics etc are destructive and must be overcome.

4. We must investigate truth for ourselves with open mind without any pre-conception

5. Science and religion are in harmony with each other

6. Our economic problems are linked with spiritual problems

7. The family and its unity are very important for eternal peace and happiness

8. There is only one God9. All major religions have come from

one God10. World peace is the crying need of

our time

Religion of Jews It was started by Abraham who lived around 2200

BC in Palestine He brought Jews out of Egypt At mount Sinai, he preached the Ten

Commandments which are golden principles to lead a righteous life.

TEN COMMANDMENTS1. I am the God, thy God, who has brought thee out of

bondage. Thou shall not have any other God.2. Six days though shall labor and do all thy work3. Remember the Sabbath ( the seventh day ) and

keep it holly.4. What is hateful to thee, do not do it to thy

followmen.5. Though shall not steal

6. Thou shall not covet thy neighbour’s wife nor commit adultery

7. Thou shall, at all time, show respect and reverence to your parents.

8. Thou shall not kill9. Thou shall not bear false witness10. Thou shall not take the name of

thy Lord in vain

‘You cannot know the meaning of life until you are

connected to the power that created you’ In the modern world people are busy in

acquiring more and more of material wealth, fame, power, etc.

This results in constant chase, eluding peace and happiness.

Man thus fails to recognise the true goal of life i. e., to seek ’Param Brahma’. This alone gives peace and happiness.

Human body-Body, Mind, Intellect and Soul which is linked to supreme Soul called GOD

Body- chariot Five senses –Horses Intellect –Charioteer Mind – Reins Soul-Person sitting inside the chariotDestination of Soul—GODBut the ego does not allow individual to

seek GodE-EXIT, G-GOD, O-OUT

Spirit-That gives life or vitality to the systemIntelligence-A very general mental capability which involves the ability to plan, reason, solve problems think, abstractly, Comprehand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience

Spiritual Intelligence has been defined as the Intelligence with which to access our deepest purpose, meaning and highest motive.

Principles of Spiritual Intelligence1. Self- awareness—What one believes in and value2. Spontaneity—Living in the present moment and be

responsive3. Being visionary and vision-lid – Acting from

principles and deep beliefs and living accordingly4. Holism – Seeing larger patterns, in relationships

and connections5. Compassion – Having faith and deep empathy6. Humility7. tendency to ask fundamental questions8. Celebration of diversity9. Field Independence10.Ability to reframe11.Positive use of adversity12.Sense of Vocation – Giving back to the Society

Additionally, the components of Spiritual Intelligence are as follows:

1. Capacity to transcend the physical and material world.2. Capacity to experience heightened state of

consciousness.3. Ability to sanctify everyday experience.4. The ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve day to

day problems.5. Capacity to the be virtuous.6. They develop a tender heart and remain in a joyful

state.7. They’re all governed by emotions with pure mind.

8. Their behaviour is devoid of constant craving, fascination, attachment and malevolence.

9. They not only become self-restraint, polite, generous, endured with good character, ethical entrepreneurs, dutiful, benevolent, but also guide others to become like them.

10. They’re full of devotion, prepared to enjoy sufferings and free from attachment .

11. They’re charitable, have a clean reputation, full content and endowed with good qualities.

12. They understand the nature of the world as impermanent and joyless. They know that they can experience everlasting true bliss and looking within and seeking Supreme Soul.

13. They dedicate all their actions to the GOD.

Methods for attaining SPIRITUALITY1. Burn out your EGO2. Minimise your desires for sensual

pleasures3. Believe in the principles of TEA

T – Trust in God - Trust yourself - Trust Others - Be TrustworthyE – Minimise your Expectations(Desires)A – Accept the situation as it is Accept the person as he is, and then Aspire – Use Purushartha

Personality is a mixture of various physical, mental, cultural and other values.

It reflects the man’s character and personal traits.

It makes life highly fruitful, contended and meaningful.

Definition - “Personality has been defined as the type of person one is and which is reflected by the way he feels things and behaves”

It is judged by the way a person looks, dresses, says and how he behaves.

It can be judged by his views character, beliefs, attitude and knowledge.

Determinants of PersonalityThe determinants of personality are as

follows:a) General Disposition – which includes the

following:i. Personal Intelligenceii. Aptitudeiii. Ready Witiv. Presence of Mindb) SPEECHc) General Behaviour – which should neither

below nor over the record level. NO Artificiality. It includes the way a person talks, stands, sits and performs small tasks such as nodding, smiling, waving, refusing, acknowledging.

d) Looks – height, colour of eyes, skin, physical features, muscle build up etc.

e) Social environment – in which a person lives, also affects the personality. It includes child-upbringing, school/college-environment, friend-circle, office-environment.

INDIAN CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY All the above elements determine external

personality. These are to be harmonized with the inner personality, which includes the development of spiritual qualities so as to have peaceful life.

According to the Indian Concept of Personality, a person must develop Satvic gunas.

1 They are cultured, civilised, courteous,refined and well mannered and are of pleasant personality

2 They remain in a peaceful state at all times through friendly behaviour with everyone. As a result they are equianimous and do not have any negativity

3 They have ‘sajjan bhav’- gentlemanliness

4 They are individuals with good moral character with integrity

5 They serve as role models6 They keep their thoughts, speech and

actions transparent at all times7 They believe that their thoughts,

speech and actions are to be diverted for the welfare of others

8 They can distinguish between good and bad

9 They have developed intellect-Power to easily distinguish between good and bad, true and false, virtues and vices. They are called intellectuals and judicious.

10. They have tender heart and are in a joyful state.

11. They are ethical.

Ultimately, a person with developed personalitysees the ‘Self’ in all human beings and all

being in ‘self’. In such a situation, the person is called enlightened soul.

‘The prime objective of personality development is to make a person enlightened soul. Yoga helps in sub-serving this purpose’ – Dr S. Radhakrishnan

Yoga means union of - a. Union of body and mindb. Union of mind and soulc. Union of soul with supreme soul

Thereby leading to ‘Purna Anand’

Yoga comprises 8 parts - 1. Yama – Rules to be followed while living in

the society so as to have co-ordial relations. These rules are non-violence, truthfulness , non-stealing, ‘Brahma Charya’, contentment and non-hoarding. Thus they live in peace and happiness.

2. Niyam – Set of programs to develop one’s personality which includes the following –

a. Purity of body and mindb. Austerity c. Contentmentd. Penancee. Self-studyf. Faith in God and surrender to God

3. Asanaas – Psycho-somatic postures involving body and mind.

4. Pranayam - Prolonging, controlling and disciplining the breathing. It improves efficiency of liver, spleen and stomach. It increases the oxygen absorption capacity of the blood. It also nourishes the central nervous system. It also develops life force, ie energy centres ( Chakras) and ‘Nadis’.

5. Pratyahar – Withdrawing mind from sense objects. In broad sense, it is moderation and control of diet, activities and rest. It is a gateway to spirituality.

6. Dharana – Focused mind on one object or thought7. Dhyana – State when one is able to concentrate the

mind on the chosen thought without any interruption.

8. Samadhi – Ultimate stage of dhyana where one identifies oneself with the object of meditation.

Bhakti Yoga – Path of devotion – Man of heart

Gyana Yoga – Path of knowledge – Man of head

Karma Yoga - Man of mixed psychological – Karma with detachment

“ Karmanye Vadhika Raste , Maa Phaleshu Kadachina”

a. Positive views b. Humble naturec. Tolerant d. Forgivinge. Fights for injusticef. Looks at life in a detached mannerg. Self-motivatedh. Inspiredi. Life-long learner

1. Makes the body flexible and healthy2. Makes the mind calm and quiet3. Develops divine qualities like - compassion,

selfless service, helping others, love, non-violence etc

4. Remains undisturbed even during the turmoils in the life

5. Free from jealousy, anger, hatred, violence , greed etc

6. Efficient worker in the organisation7. Socially acceptable person8. Good leader , serving the followers and

community

According to Stephen Robbins “ Learning is any relative permanent change in

behaviour that occurs as a result of experience.” Learning is related to behaviour modification through

the process of Knowledge & information gathering & its application resulting in wisdom, better behaviour or productivity

Learning is a continuous process It is related to experiencing and interpreting It results in change in behaviour more or less

permanently Indian concept of learning teaches us nothing is

permanent in this world. Life is a continuous process of learning from Birth to

death

There are three types of learning Classical learning/conditioning Apparent learning Observational/Social learning

1. Classical learning Involves forming association through

learning. Basically an individual does not respond to a neutral stimulus unless he has some previous experience. Active/Actual stimulus gets the response.

Learning takes place due to the appearance of neutral stimulus before actual stimulus.

2. Apparent Conditioning People behave in a particular manner to

bring changes in the society. If the consequences are favourable, they repeat the behaviour & thus learning takes place.

Good Food Punishment for Late Coming Calling Persons by name This way values can be developed

3. Social Conditioning Learning takes place by observing other’s

behaviour. Parents, Teachers, leaders, Actors, Friends effect, & condition your behaviour.

Benefits of Learning1. Helps to understand others. It can be helpful to

change individual’s behaviour in different life situation

2. Helps in building better relationships3. Helps in bringing discipline in the organisation4. Face competitions5. Individuals grow6. Manage others7. Fulfill Social responsibility8. Helps in Market SurveyRemember learning could be bad or good. So

remember learning should lead to the betterment of ourselves & others & lead to HAPPINESS

In Indian system, Learning was to lead idividual to overall PEACE

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Overall PEACE Through Silent Meditation, know Thyself. In Gurukul system, Students were leaving their

homes and staying in Ashram with students from all walks of life – learning equality of all.Bramhacharya → learn and inculcate all the positive traits and qualities. Abstinence from worldly pleasure and pleasure of

senses. Be with nature Learn from elders and respect Respect of elders

Right to Perform and no control over result

Learning OrganisationOrganisation that does something about addressing

present &future needs through Structured learning opportunities. Itevolves through environment experiences.

Five Disciplines of a Learning OrganisationThese disciplines are practiced continuously and

presence ofeach of them is critical to success.

1. Systems ThinkingInter connections between various departments. Problem solving from Organisations viewpoint.

2. Personal ProficiencyIt helps in clarifying and deepening the vision, focus & energy

3. Assumptions, Perceptions & BeliefDevelop right models, & beliefs for better effectiveness.

4. Shared VisionEvery employee must have similar organisational goals & values. Leaders should demonstrate these in their day – to – day life

5. Team LearningThrough creative & positive challenging tasks

In earlier days, kings used to govern the state, and lead and guide his subjects. For them, people and nation’s interest was first

Today’s leaders should also behave in the same way Leadership is defined as an interpersonal influence

exercised in a situation and directed through the communication process towards the attainment of specified goals

It is an element that makes organisation a dynamic entity

In the absence of leadership, there is a drift or stagnancy and subsequent decay

Azim Premji, Narayan Murthy, Bill Gates, Subroto Roy, Winston Churchill, G D Birla, M S Oberoi, Mahatma Gandhi are all living examples of leader

Qualities1. Visionary – Macro Vision2. Help their followers to set the goals and

achieve them3. High Mobility – mental as well as phsyical4. Maintain Harmonious relationship – Conflict

Management. High interpersonal skills5. Service Attitude – Service Orientation6. They assume responsibilities7. They inspire, motivate and lead the way ahead8. Good Time Manager

9. H.R. skills10. Concern for the welfare of others11. God fearing, clear understanding of his goals12. Man of Principle13. Equinanimous

KARTA - Head of the Family – Leader Head of the family-owned business Values, ethics , morals of karta become the base

of business culture in the organisation Karta has unlimited liability All decisions are made by karta and others have

to follow He rewards and punishes according to situation Centralised decision Benevolent and authoritative leader

Family Managed1. Traditional outlook2. Autocratic

leadership

3. Centralised decision making

4. Training not important

5. No importance to social responsibility

6. Communication – downward

MNC1. Professional2. People oriented,

democratic3. Participative

4. V. Imp. Factor, leading to higher productivity

5. Some regards to social responsibility

6. Both sides

7. Loyalty to owners

8. Rewards based on loyalty

9. Leaders have unlimited liability

10. Profit main motive

11. Long term relationships with employees

7. Loyalty to organisation

8. Performance based rewards

9. Limited

10.Profit through customer satisfaction

11.No such thing

Difference between Born & Made Leaders

1. Born leader - Who is having the leadership skills, abilities & authorities from his early childhood – Vivekanand,Kings

2. Made Leader – Persons who have been turned into a leader because of a situation Born leaders are few Anybody can be a leader provided he has a will.

He can then acquire skills and qualities requiredNarayan Murthy, Bill Gates, M C Oberai are all made leaders. They became leaders to run organisations

Sonia Gandhi, Indira Gandhi

Indian Style Of Leadership

1. Autocratic → Leader plans, orders, gives direction and wants the follower to obey his order. He behaves like a dictator. Believes in ‘Power Over People’Believes in Theory X – People need direction and does not believe in self motivation of employees

2. Democratic Involves the followers in decision making Liberal Has faith in employees Respected and supported Believes in US and WE Believes in Team Spirit Provides alternative solutions

Large organisation, where many professionals work

require such type of leadership

3. Laissez Faire Style Leaders give complete independence to followers They neither motivate nor guide Believe in Management By Exception Leadership only when situation demands or

employees ask4. Functional/Intellectual

Leaders are quite knowledgeable, experienced, professional & expert

Subordinates respect leaders for their valuable advice and are ready to listen to them

Fatherly Figure Mentors

Such style is suited for R & D orgn where employees arequalified and mature, and leader is an Expert

5. Bureaucratic Style Leader believes in rules and regulations Does not believe in any change – Status Quo Has faith in Centralised decision making No innovation and Flexibility Mostly followed in Govt Depts, specially

Banks No employee oriented

6. Situational StyleDepending upon the market condition and followers mentally, a leader develops and adopts that style which is most suitable in a particular situation

There are various types of situational styles:i. Directiveii. Supportiveiii. Participativeiv. Achievement Oriented

Which type of leadership style to follow depends on two factors:

1. Characteristics of subordinatesa. Whether the subordinates are of external locus of

control or internal

External → They require direction. They believe that success or

failure depends on others or luck/chanceInternal → Self Motivated

→ Masters of their fate→ Followers confidence level is high→ Supportive Style

2. Work Environment

Directive style – Leaders ask the followers what needs to be done and how to do it. He does Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling, Coordinating and Motivating in order to achieve goals.

Supportive Style – Leader is interested in creating and amicable, congenial atmosphere in the organisation. He is approachable & is concerned for the well-being of the followers.

Participative Style – Takes the followers’ suggestions and involves them in decision making.

Achievement Oriented – Leader sets challenging tasks for the followers. He motivates and inspires them.

Transformational Leadership

» Leaders change the attitude of the employees in such a manner that for them organisational goals become more than their own goals. He motivates them, builds up team spirit, creates a positive synergy. Thus creates excellent organisation

» Changes the mindset» Provides vision and a sense of mission. Arouses

their self-esteem. Inspires them to perform far beyond their expectations

» Expresses his high expectations from his employees. Provides a complete picture of his vision and inspires them

» Encourages creativity and innovations» Mentors – uniqueness of each employee

Characteristics of Exceptional CEOsI. Shri Narayan Murthy

i. Man of Action – believes in accountability over delivery. Creating wealth and opportunity for others

ii. Fully Professional – Understands the know-how of the business – Worked in SRL

iii. Sense of Gratitude to employees and shareholdersiv. HR Oriented – Believes more in software and

human beingv. Participatory decision makingvi. Empatheticvii. Optimist and self confidentviii. “Can do” Attitudeix. Integrity → No false information to customers about

product, services and company – Authenticx. Maintains transparent relationship

xi. Man of clear conscience – believes in AUMxii. Achievement orientedxiii. Highly motivatedxiv. Believes in employee development

Overall believes in Value-based Management

II. Kumar Mangalam Birlai. Believes in People Countii. Everyone is Importantiii. Effective Communicationiv. Develops Attitude & Soft Skillsv. Values → of Organisation and integrates

them with the peoplevi. Creates an Environment of Openness and

Trust

Need of the hour – leaders with high SQIQ is related to logic and reasoningEQ produces empathy, compassion and ability to

respondappropriately to pleasure and painSQ is Ultimate and is related to your Value System & howyou connect yourself with others and see that when you interact with others you make yourself and others happy.» A person with high SQ can balance his personal and

professional life» Maintains harmonious and blissful life, never agitated,

stressed or burnt out» Provides Job Satisfaction, better interpersonal relations

and happiness» Leads to value based organisationsHow to develop SQ → Introspect, find out your Strengths

& Weaknesses & be a better person Feel in harmony with others. Respect others. Surrender to God

Psychological human beings reveal three thought conditions:

1 SATTVA(Illuminating or Pure) Noble Desires -Satvik person performs his duties with with

enthusiasm, determination, wisdom, love and a lot of energy.

- He thinks about welfare of others- He lives a balanced life- -It is easy for him to seek Supreme Soul by prayer

and meditation- HE works without desires or fruits

RAJAS GUNA(The kinetic force)- Motivation leading to activities, desires and

restlessness- -They are passionate and believe in material

wellbeing- They love power and enjoy sensual pleasures- They are ambitious and enjoy fruits for their

actions- Ego-centric

3 TAMAS-Their state of mind is in complete state of inertia

laziness, lack of care or attention and headless-ness

- No consistency in behaviour Obstinate, arrogant and totally egoisticPERSONALITY-Dominance , at any point of time,of any one of the

three Gunas- To remain in Satvik state , one has to take the help

of a Guru, do Yoga ,have Satsang and read religious scriptures

MAN HAS INFINITE POTENTIAL AND CAPACITIES , IS A RESULT OF HIS OWN

ACTION AND THE LAW OF KARMA-Man has infinite potential and capacities but

they lie dormant-Life should be organised for the discovery

of your potential

Law of karma- Desires (Vasanas) prompt a person to act- Vasansas create mental agitation and

discomfort, force him to act

- Law of karma helps an individual in understanding his infinite and to decide the right course of action

- In Bhagwat Gita, Arjun was confused about his right action. Lord Krishna guided him to perform right action

- To perform action without the desire for results

- Karma stands for Action,Thoughts and Utterance

a) Sanchit Karma-Sum total of the accumulated Karma of previous births

b) Prarabdha Karma- Part of Sanchit Karma which are currently active. One should do good karma to exhaust Prarabdha Karma. They can be reversed by prayers and meditation.

c) Agami Karma-Those karmas which will affect our future life activities

d) Kriyaman Karma- Those karmas whose Experiences are being experienced right now or in the near future in the present life

YOU do not have any control over the circumstances and events of the life, but you have the capacity to choose your action

Through one’s action one can change one’s destiny

Thus Future lies in the hands of man hinself.However to become peaceful, actions should not

only be driven for fulfilling the desires of gross body-food, clothing, shelter, fame and power, but also fulfill the subtle desires of mind, intellect, and soul, so as to be happy and peaceful.

Law of Karma applies not only to individuals but also to a community, society and nation

1 Whatever you do to others, will be done to you in this birth or in future

2 Whatever you do may attract persons around you that have same or similar karma

3 It applies to all human beings4 Consequences of an action depend not on

the outward appearances of the action, but on the quality of intentions at the base of mind

This law is valid for your actions, words, thoughts and emotions.

How to achieve your Goalsa) Concentrate on positive goalsb)Body and mind should be filled with

the goalc) Believe in GOD

Ancient Sages discovered that human personality comprises the divine spark of life called ‘aatma’ (soul) with 5 layers (Koshas) of matter enveloping it.

These 5 five layers are called ‘Sheaths’

1.Food – Anna Maya2.Vital Air – Pranayama

Maya3.Mental – Mano maya4.Intellectual – Vigyana

Maya5.Bliss – Anand Maya

1. The Food Sheath The Physical Body is known as Food

Sheath. It is made from the food eaten by Father,

Mother and the individual. It consists of the 5 senses – eyes, ears,

nose , tongue and skin. Five organs of action – speech, hands, feet,

genital organs and organs of evacuation.2. Vital Air Sheath Also known as Pranik or energy sheath. It contains the energy channels (Nadis) and

energy centres (Charkras). Amending one’s breathing patternthrough

‘Pranayama’ enhances the flow of energy in the right direction.

The 5 Pranas comprising this sheath are:I. Pranas – the faculty of percetion. It

controls the perceptions of the five-fold stimuli received from the five senses.

II. Apana – Faculty of excretionIII.Samaana – Faculty of DigestionIV. Vyaana – Faculty of Circulation – the power

by which the digestive food is properly conveyed to the various limbs of the body by the blood stream.

V. Uddana – The Faculty of Thinking – the capacity of self-education through practice of Yoga, weakening of these 5 faculties due to advances in age can be checked.

3. Mental Sheath Mind Regulates the Vital Air Sheath There are 5 characteristics of mind:I. Mind receives stimuli from 5 senses and

communicates the response to the organs of Action. Mind gives integrated experience.

II. It is a continuous flow of thoughts.III. It is also a seat of emotions and feelings.IV. The mind works in the known areas.V. It is always in the state of flux. If the

thoughts can be streamlined or focused, the mind can give peace

4. The Intellectual Sheath The mind functions as a stimulus for this

sheath, so as to enable an individual to understand and discern.

Power of discrimination In terms of good of others. It is also the seat of EgoIntellectual Sheath works as follows:a) Intellect with the help of experience and

knowledge, orders the body for action.b) It can work beyond known areas and can

investigate, contemplate and comprehend new discoveries.

c) Intellect can decide the flow of thoughts.

5. The Bliss Sheath It is the deep sleep state of consciousness. it is considered as blissful because

whatever may be the condition while an individual is awake, in deep sleep state he experiences peace and bliss

It controls the intellectual sheath.

Aatma is subtlest of all these sheaths, also known as GOD, BRAHMA, etc.

Need for Meditation Mind is a flow of thoughtAlways active with many thoughtsTo add to it is drunk by unending desires. Further it is in the grip of envy, jealousy, etc.YOU can visualise how difficult it is to be happy and

peaceful, because mind controls the health.Therefore there is a need for a technique which can control or streamline the flow of thoughts.

Meditation –To ponder Meditari- Latin word meaning , to concentrate Dhyai- Sanskrit, to contemplate. “Stylized mental technique repetitively

practiced for the purpose of attaining a subjective experience described as restful, silent and of heightened alertness”

It is also called a blissful state In mindful meditation, a person sits

comfortably in silence centering his attention on an object or a process and scans his thoughts

It leads to Self- realization

Meditation – Three Main Criteria:•Use of Defined Technique•Logical Relaxation•A Self-induced state of mindEach religion believes in the practice of meditation.

Various Stages of MeditationDharana – Direct our thoughts to an object. Thoughts may stray.Dhyana – Continuous attention on one objectSamadhi – Ultimate in Meditation – So engrossed in one thought that we’re one with God – are unaware of the body and environment – state of ultimate bliss – one can remain in this state without consuming any energy.

Benefits of Meditation•It calms down the mind: stress and tension are reduced.•One gets untroubled and sound sleep.•It improves the professional efficiency of the individual.•Family life and all relations become more harmonious.•It improves the overall health of a person.•It makes a person useful to the society.•Bad habits such as smoking, drinking, roving eyes, etc., drop out automatically.•It enables a person to face the turmoil of life in a peaceful manner.•Deep spiritual state can be enjoyed while living the normal life of a householder.•Through inner awareness, one is able to guide oneself to attain one’s Ultimate Potential, viz. to seek SUPREME SOUL.

Societè – Fellowship – French Societès – Companionship – Latin Definition – 1) Group of people related to each

other through persistent relationship such as social status, role, social network, etc. 2)An organisation or an association of person engaged in a common purpose to achieve their needs and goals which they cannot fulfil alone. Thus society teaches team-work. 3) Organised voluntary association of people for religious, benevolence, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic or other purposes.

A non-profit company can also be regarded as a society.

It can be registered or non-registered.TYPES OF SOCIETIES 1-Tribal Society 2-Agrarian Society – It refers to a form of

society, primarily based on agriculture and handicrafts, rather than industrial production

-This evolved two class of people; land owners and field workers

- Led to establishment of economic institutions

Trade became more elaborate- Necessitated keeping of records of land, crops, taxes, etc.- - Several rules and regulations were framed by the Govt.- -Religion also evolved- -Art and culture developed3 Industrial Society - Social system which focuses primarily

on finished goods manufacturing with the help of machines - Labor evolved - They existed primarily in towns- Social life became impersonal

4. Post – Industrial Society Importance of Knowledge, innovations and

policy formulations there from. Service Industry became more important Supremacy of Professionals and Techincal

Experts These people were involved in decision

making in economic and political life.Different Types of Socities in Indiaa) Professional Socitiesb) Charitable Socitiesc) Economic Co-op Socitiesd) Religious and Cultural Socieities.

Benefits Promotes Teamwork Teaches Co-operation Teaches to share and care Brings in synergy Sets norms of behaviours for peaceful living In economic societies, it reduces the cost of

living. Provides physical and psychological protection. Balance between independence and inter-

dependence.

Disadvantages Society sets norms and thus curbs individual

freedom to grow. Society uses coercive methods for compliance of

social norms. Coercion can be physical and mental, which is

detrimental for the physical and mental health of a person.

Society, sometimes curbs the creativity and innovation of the individual

According to a survey, Indians are the happiest people, inspite of people being poor, lack if job satisfaction, and poor economic condition of India.

It is because of their faith in God and tolerance Indians easily bond themselves and mix easily. Indians believe that circumstances,people,

relationships, etc., may change but right values system, and attitude enable a person to face them

They have a positive attitude and are happy inspite of turmoils of daily life

They need only an excuseto celebrate

1-National Festivals

2-Birthdays of great leaders

3- Festivals of seasons a) Basant Panchami b) Makar Sankranti c) Gudi Padwa

a. Basant Panchamib. Holic. Naag Panchamid. Janmashtmie. Ram Navmif. Dusserag. Dipawalih. Durgashtmii. Baisakhij. Idk. Navrozl. Christmas and Easterm. Navroz

1. They give an opportunity to people to have a break from their mundane routine life.

2. They bring people closer and enable them to forget their differences.

3. Some festivals like Holy and Payushan Parva teach people to forgive and forget, and start a new life.

4. They make family bonds stronger.5. They revive religious sentiments among people and make

them ethical and spiritual.6. Some festivals teach restraints and control of physical

senses.7. They promote cultural values8. The joyous moments of festivals give opportunities to

people to relax and are good tools of stress management.