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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES
1 1 55 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20301-1 155
MEMORANDUM FOR DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER (ATTN: WILLIAM B. BUSH)
8725 JOHN J. KINGMAN ROAD, STE 0944 FT. BELVIOR, VA 22060-6218
SUBJECT: OSD MDRCase 13-M-2857
JUL 25
At the request of , we have conducted a Mandatory Declassification
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public release. We have declassified the document in in part. We have attached a copy of our
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Attachments: 1. MDR request 2. OSD response letter 3. Document 1
<~bkjuA S (KJ2-*—
Robert Storer Chief, Records and Declassification Division
Q
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES
1 1 55 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON. DC 20301 1 155
Subject: OSD MDR Case 13-M-2857 JUL 25 2013
Dear :
We have reviewed the enclosed document in consultation with the Department of the Air Force (USAF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). USAF and NASA have no objection to declassification in full. However, OSD has declassified it in part. The excised information is exempt from declassification under Executive Order 13526, section 3.3(b)(4) and (8) and is also protected under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(6).
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If you have any questions, contact Ms. Luz Ortiz by e-mail at [email protected].
Sincerely,
tskj^A & Robert Storer Chief, Records and Declassification Division
Enclosures:
1. MDR request -7 f^\ d ^2 ^t 2. Document 1 £Q\ -tjTj7 J^ ^ ? '
AD596231
Apollo 16 Launch Measurements (U)
Offlöö df tin» Secretary of Defense SW iaST- Ch!eft RÖÖ, ESD, WHS + öate: <2ZVL 7J0U Authority: EO 13526 Declassify: ____^ Deny in Full: „ Declassify in Part: V* . N
Reason: 3.V wYffigY*S"ftS.lt^Mk)
MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON
09NOV1972
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Attn: ASBD-TIO, 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203-1714. 31 Jul 1974.
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief, Records & Declass Div, WHS Date: JUL 22 2013
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JUL H 20B
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THIS DOCUWEKF UUIHMIU IHIHIUJKA'HOII i*iig01HH8ii|IHJ HJUIUHHI THE- UNI TED- gf*TOfriWimi>M»HCuMawIHC ffliT THi..figIlIOMAOg
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NOTICE: When government or other drawing data are used for any purpose other than nitely related government procurement ope thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any the fact that the Government may have for way supplied the said drawings, specified to be regarded by implication or otherwis the holder or any other person or corpora or permission to manufacture, use or sell may in any way be related thoreto.
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Dlv, WHS
Date: JUL 2 2 208
Cft
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Project Report
Uknck Apollo 16 WUKKKf Measurements
(Title UNCLASSIFIED)
I'II'|I.IKMI fur the \<l\.i:mnl Rescind I'lojnls \jjrm\ IHHIIT lie» Hnnir Sxslrms Division (".uiitnul I* l%'2H-T>-(i-0()0'2 liv
Lincoln Laboratory MMMairsKrre INSTITTTF. OF TF.CHNOLOCY
I I MM.IHN. \l\ss\l III »I I |s
AOR-25
H. J. Bullwinkel
R. H. Ellis
9 November 1972
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: E013526 Chief, Records & Declass Dlv, WHS Date: ÜUL 2 2 2013
Do not announce in TAB. ^^^^
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This document comprises SO pages. No. CO of 145 copiej. *•*
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
-ETN-COT;NTT* B U H A T 0 K Y~
APOLLO 16 jyyj^
MEASUREMENTS
(Title UNCLASSIFIED)
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6. Ql
*13 M o a,
LEXINGTON
H. ;. BULLWINKEL
Philco-Ford Corporation
R. H. ELLIS
Group 52
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: E013526 Chief. Records & Declass Div, WHS Date: OUl 22 2013
PROJECT REPORT AOR-25
(ARPA Optics Research)
9 NOVEMBER 1972
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cownar WO. 22720
MASSACHUSETTS
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Dlv, WHS
JUL 22 208
The work reported in this document w« performed at Lincoln Eboratory^center for research operated by *«»« ,nsti,u«e of Technology. This work *£"*** Advanced Research Project. Aiency o' * ^T"^ Defense under Air Force Contract F19628-73-C-0002 (ARPA
Order 600).
(This page is"UNCLASSIFIED)
■mini i»in irm~..'.
DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority: EO 13326 Chief, Records 4 Declass DiV, WHS Date:
JUL 2 2 2013
OSD 3.3(b)(«|fo) ABSTRAC?-
4flfr During mission ETR 1601, excellent long wave infrared I
■ I data were obtained during the launch phase of Apollo 16 by the Lincoln
Laboratory NKC-135 aircraft. Infrared hard body, core and plume
measurements, primarily of Apollo 16 second stage (S-II) and
early third stage (S-IVB) operation, were obtained during a
seven minute continuous data coverage interval.
kßp The LWIR tracker-radiometer acquired the Apollo 16 second
stage (S-II)| mwhen the vehicle was at an altitude of
««• Excellent second sta
LWIR tracker from
lume data were recorded by the
iii
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DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority. EO 13326 Chief, Records & Declass Div, WHS
JUL 22 2013
fct TELT DESCRIPT ION-
(U) The Apollo 16 space vehicle, ETR 1601, was launched
from complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 16
April 1972 at 17:54:00Z. The launch phase, which occurred during
cloudless weather conditions, consisted of the complete burn of
the S-1C and the S-II stages and a partial burn of the S-IVB
stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle. OSD 3.3(b)(^ife)
(U) Figure 2 shows the location of the airborne instrumenta-
tion relative to the vehicle trajectory.
I \
a
I Total optical coverage extended!
[with data being obtained on the S-TT and S-IVB stages.
Characteristics of the data collecting instruments are listed in
Appendix A. Metric data, which, includes plots of the Apollo 16
nominal angle of attack, as well as the look angle and elevation
angle measurements relative to the KC-135 aircraft, are presented in Appendix 3.
(This page is UNCLASSIFIED)
OECtASSIFIED IN PART Authority. EO 13526 Chief. Records 4 DeclassDiv. WHS
Date OUt 22 2013
INTRODUCTION OSD 3.3(b)(<J(H)
üfijp This report deals primarily with infrared data obtained
during the launch phase of Apollo 16 by the Lincoln Laboratory
A plot of the relative spectral response
of each of the instruments is presented in Fig. 1. A summary
of the characteristics of both instruments is presented in
Appendix A.
tft The Apollo 16 S-II and S-IVB stages provided excellent
targets for the study of infrared hard-body and plume radiation.
Approximately 1300 samples of long wavelength data were obtained
during the seven minutes of optical coverage. During this mission
the prime objective of the instrumented NKC-135 aircraft was to
obtain long wavelength optical data during second stage burn with
the point of greatest interest occurring at second stage cut-off.
This objective was successfully accomplished.
(U) The data presented in this report represents a sampling
of the abundant data obtained during this mission. Several frames,
selected at representative phase* of the Apollo's plume history,
have been presented in detail. Throughout this report, an expanded
caption format is used to allow the reader to compare explanatory
information with the accompanying illustrations.
(U) *The characteristics of the LWIR tracker-radiometer have been described at several Midcourse Measurement Meetings1'2'3 and in several previous AOR's 5»6»7.
(U) **Both instruments were described at the 1971 annual IRIS meeting.4
'"I
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Div, WHS
°*" JUL 22 a»
*<* * - ,,~,«.~* KV the LWIR instrument Z» thi 1300 d.t. fr- coxieoted by th. LWIR ln.trua.nt £L, thi. -l-rto». are pr...nt.d In th. fln.1 pomo, of
this i ".port.
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DECLASSIFIED WPART
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Date jyL 22 200
OSD 3.3(b)(f)(l)
DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority: EO 13326 Chief, Records & Dedass Div, WHS
JUL 22 2013
OSD 3.3(b)(^(l)
(This page is UNCLASSIFIED)
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DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority: EO 13526 Chief, Records & Declass Div, WHS Date JUL 2 2 2018
FIGURE 3
J0P Figure 3 presents the Apollo 16 altitude and range to the aircraft as well as a brief event summary. The LWIR tracker- radiometer acquired the Apollo second stage (S-II) at an altitude of I land a range of I The SWIR (1 ym-6um) spatial
radiometer obtained data between TALI land TAL I I Stage .II thrust termination occurred at TAL« land third stage (S-IVB)
ignition began at TAL^^^^^
OSD 3.3(b)rt,(6)
fltCl'Ct"^
'•" DECLASSIFIED IN PART Cn im I r Authority: EO 13526 "l,ftl" -■ Chief.Records4DeclassDlv,WHS
Da,B: vJUL 22 200
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: E013526 Chief, Records & Deciass DIv, WHS Date JUL 2 2 2TO
FIGURE 4
Ifr?* Figure 4 presents em example of one of the more than 1300
data frames obtained by the 16mm film record of the LWIR C-scope
display. The C-scope data is a "TV" type display of the serialized
output of the scanned 176 cell array (3.4° x 3.4° FOV). The lower
edge of the paraboloid-shaped bow-shock is the primary observable.
The apparent high intensity of the lower portion of the plume is
caused by the missile angle of attack and possibly the atmospheric
density gradient. The apparent attitude of 45° is caused by a
combination of gimbailed mirror angles, look angle (34°) and
angle of attack (18°). The striated structure of the plume, as
yet unexplained, is of considerable interest to aerodynamicists.
1 h
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Date JUL 22 208
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Figure 4
OSD 3.3(b)«yt)
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DECLASSIFIED IN PULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Div, WHS Date: JUL 2 2 2013
FIGURE 5
Figure 5 presents two samples of LWIR Oscope data which,
show thrust termination of the S-II stage and ignition of the
S-IVB stage. At thrust termination gaps appear in the missile
plume structure indicating the loss of H20 from the engine even
though the bow-shock excitation remains available. The lack of
persistence in the plume radiation is obvious, as compared with
reentry trails.
■i
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DECLASSIFIED IN PART
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TAL ALT RANG
STAGE IITHRUST TERMlNAiiuN H (EZB) IGNITION
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LW1R C-SCOPE IMAGES
Figure 5
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FIGURE 6
, ^—^a red ln the
S-H plume structure, seen
s-lVplUWe* 0so3.3tt>)<*»
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JUL 22 2D«
OSD 3.3(b)ffl/l)
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FIGURE 7
t*r Figure 7 presents a composite of three modes of LWIR
data obtained on the S-II and S-IVB stages at three selected
times. Plume radiant intensities are presented in each of
the three samplings. Calibrated peak detector outputs/ are shown
on the top row, whereas calibrated iso-radiance contours and
c-acope display photographs are shown in the two lower rows.
All calibrated levels were determined from digitally recorded
star and planet data.
(U) The peak detector levels represent the maximum intensity
of each resolution element in the azimuth scan and correspond to
the ridge peak values of the contour map directly below. The
C-scope photographs shown in the bottom row, represent a "TV"
type display of the serialized output of the scanned 176 cell
array (3.4° x 3.4° FOV).
tft The more intense lower edge of the paraboloid shaped
plume, which is evidenced in each of the data frames, is attributed
to the vehicle's angle of attack and possibly the atmospheric
density gradient.
Radiant intensity values for both the S-II and S-IVB
were obtained by integrating over the entire radiation within the
field-of-view at each of the three selected intervals. Stage II
OSD 3.3(b)(q),(*)
14 £
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DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority. E013526 .lvVVHS
Chief. Record» &U«** Date M. 22 200
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FIGURE 8
Figure 8 presents the LWIR radiant intensity histories
of the unresolved S-II and S-IVB stage cores and the spent S-II
hard body. The intensities were determined from the peak
detected output. All values were computed from the instruments'
signal to noise ratios based on irradiance from Jupiter, Mars,
Mercury, Venus and the star <*-Orion. The period over which the
core radiation was saturated should be noted. No data are
presented after | Idue to uncertainties introduced by superimposed plume radiation.
As the data illustrate, core radiation of the S-II,
OSD 3.3(b)(^(«)
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DECLASSIFIED IN PART Authority: EO 13326 Chief, Records & DeclassDIy, WHS
Date: JUL 22 2DB
FIGURE 9
PP Figure 9 presents a plot of S-II stage peak plume radiance
as a function of velocity. The intensities were derived from
ieak detector measurements obtained between TALJ Äand TAL The data shows a gradual Increase in intensity from
I to a maximum value of
la^terminatkm of Stage II thrust atr
^^^l Although the data appear to fit a V dependence, it
shouTdbe noted that the data have not been corrected for
atmospheric absorption. At early acquisition, when the target
was at a range of I I from the aircraft,
the effects of an increase in background due to atmospheric
radiation as well as signal absorption would be quite severe. ' A
0SD3 3(b)(4]fe)
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Dedass Dh Da,e: JUL 2 2 208
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Figures 10 through 17 present additional samples of
the 16 ram film record of the C-scope display of the LWIR tracker-
radiometer data. These are presented in order to give the reader
a pictorial history of the S-II and S-IVB stage events as they
occurred during the data coverage period. The C-scope display
pictures also provide the only LWIR data when the quantitative
data are saturated.
A composite of twelve frames of the C-scope display,
representative of the first minute of data coverage, are presented
in Fig. 10. These data show the steady intensity increase of
Stage II and the gradual development of the striated structure
of the plume.
20
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FIGURE 11
^fP Figure 11 present« twelve representative Oscope frames
showing the continued development of the Stage III
Evidence of electronic overshoot,
which has characteristically been associated with the LWIR
tracker-radiometer, is present throughout this sequence.
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FIGURE 12
Figure 12 present« a sequence of twelve successive
C-scope frames showing the LWIR history of Stage II just prior
to Stage III ignition. The plume is now shown enveloping the
vehicle on all sides. Variation, of the location of the data
in the data frames are due to aircraft maneuvering at this time.
24
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FIGURE 13
M»P~-— Figure 13 presents a sequence of C-scope frames show-
ing Stage II plume radiation demise and Stage III ignition. The
last vestige of Stage II plume radiation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief, Records & Declass Div, WHS Da,e: JÜL 22 20J3
FIGURE 14
_ Figure 14 presents a series of twelve C-scope display frames showing Stage III hard body and plume radiation as well as the spent Stage II vehicle falling behind.
28
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FIGURE 15
Jn Figure 15 ahow» a continuation of the Stage II and Stage III C-acopa data obtained betweenM
I Throughout this interval, the LWIR radiation intensity levels of both the Stage III hard body and plume as well as the receding spent Stage II, remain relatively constant.
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Hgura 1« Pr—n« additional frana. of ttoSttg. " ^^^XTC-cope dl.pla, data obt.inad *""»■■■ mm During thi. oov.raga lnt.rval, tha LHIR aoiatio ■^£^^7 rapidly dacrea.in, in int.n.ity and Stag. I« L.Toni. :«g.ly -fin- t, t„. paraboloid ->* ^ " f
r„ion of th. vahiol.. Exfn.iv. St.,. Ill Pi— »dLtlon i. no longer apparent.
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FIGURE 17
tfd*» Figure 17 presents the final sequence of C-scope display
data, showing the decreasing LWIR radiation intensity signatures
of both Stage II and Stage III fromjj I Lack of additional camera film presented further coverage of
the C-scope display of the LWIR tracker data.
34
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REFERENCES
1. Cotton, E. S., Presentation at Fifth Midcourse Measurements Meeting, Institute for Defense Analysis, Arlington, Virginia, (4 November 1969) SECRET.
2. Cotton, E. S. Presentation at Eleventh Midcourse Measurements Meeting, Aerospace Corporation, San Bernadino, California, (20 April 1971) SECRET.
3. Page, D. A., Presentation at Twelfth Midcourse Measurements Meeting, Supplemental Session, Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, California, (13 July 1971) SECRET.
4. Cotton, E. S., Page, D. A., Sinclair, R. S., "Reentry Infrared Spectroscopy With An Airborne Tracking Tele- scope", presentation at Nineteenth National Infrared Information Symposium URIS) , Office of Naval Research, Monterey, California, (.2 June 1971) SECRET.
5. Cotton, E. S., Larrabee, J. F., Page, D. A., Powlette, D. D., "Wide Field of View Tracker Data WTR 3111 and WTR 2390" (U), AOR-11, Lincoln Laboratory, M.I.T., (24 August 1971) SECRET.
6. Anderson, M. C, Page, D. A., "Airborne Infrared and Visible Optical Data from WTR Test 2709" (U) , AOR-12, Lincoln Laboratory, M.I.T., (24 August 1971) SECRET.
7. Bullwinkel, H. J"., Page, D. A., Urbonas, A. J., "Airborne Infrared Optical Data from RVTO-2A-2 Mission" (U), AOR-13, Lincoln Laboratory, M.I.T., (24 August 1971) SECRET.
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APPENDIX A
IM^TRIIMEMT CHARACTERISTICS
37
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