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Imperialism

Imperialism Imperialism is… The policy of establishing colonies and building empires

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Page 1: Imperialism Imperialism is… The policy of establishing colonies and building empires

Imperialism

Page 2: Imperialism Imperialism is… The policy of establishing colonies and building empires

Imperialism is…• The policy of establishing

colonies and building empires.

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Definition of Imperialism

• A policy by a stronger nation (such as the USA) to create an empire by dominating weaker nations economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.

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Why did Imperialism Develop?• Economic factors• Political or Nationalistic factors• Humanitarian or Cultural factors• Military factors

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Economic Factors

• Manufacturing nations need more natural resources and more markets.

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Political or Nationalistic Factors

• Nationalism - a belief that one’s nations goals are superior to those of other nations

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Humanitarian or Cultural Factors

• Spreading Western ideas and Christianity. It was their duty to spread the blessings of Western civilization across the globe.

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Military Factors

• Growing navies need new naval bases worldwide.

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Early American Imperialism

• Using the idea of Manifest Destiny, Alaska was purchased in 1867.

• The Midway Islands were annexed (joined to the USA) in 1867.

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Alaska is purchased in 1867

• Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. (that’s only about 2 cents an acre!)

• At the time, critics thought Seward was crazy and called the deal "Seward's folly."

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Delaware!

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Was it worth it??

• Discoveries of gold were made there in the 1880s and 1890s.

• These discoveries brought attention and people to Alaska.

• Today, petroleum transported across the state through a pipeline is Alaska's richest mineral resource.

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Imperialism Presidents

William McKinley• Republican• Starts US

Imperialism• Reaffirmed

Monroe Doctrine

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Other Pacific Property

Hawaii – 1891 Queen Liliuokalani takes throne & against trade w/ US

• 1893 – Marines led by Sanford Dole overthrow Queen

• Dole made governor – asks for annexation to the US

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• The Hawaiian Queen is removed from power by American military force under pressure from businessmen (including Sanford Dole – the pineapple guy…)

• Hawaii is annexed in 1898.

How did America become Involved in Imperialism?, cont.

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Other Pacific Property.

• Japan - Trade relations are established in 1854 by Commodore Matthew Perry and a very young U.S. Navy

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Other Pacific Property

Samoa – US, GB, & Germany fighting over harbor @ Pago Pago

• Over time US would gain complete control

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Other Pacific Property

China – divided up among European countries

• These “spheres of influence” limited trade between the U.S. and China

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Open Door Policy

• In the fall of 1898, President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay force an "open door" policy on the

nations that control China.

• The policy would allow all trading nations access to the

Chinese markets.

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Civil War in Cuba

In 1895 civil war broke

out in Cuba between

Spain and Cuban rebels.

• By 1895, Spain had only a few colonial

possessions left

including the

Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba

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Setting the Stage for War• In competition for readership, two New York

newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion.

•This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but had other

effects as well:•It whipped up American public opinion in favor of

the Cuban rebels!

The Yellow Kid

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Printed under a headline that read:

Cuban Babes Prey to FamineThousands of Children Perishing in

Island TownsSights that Sicken Strong Men

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• The New York Journal reports "...blood on the roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!"

When William Randolph Hearst sent a reporter to cover the rumored war, he cabled back that there was no war going on.  Hearst wired back:  “Please remain. You supply the pictures, and I'll supply the war.”

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To get the attention of the U.S. government – Cuban Rebels burn plantations owned by U.S.

businessmen.The U.S. Battleship Maine is sent to protect

U.S. citizens and as a warning message to Spain!

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Spanish-American War

• Admiral George Dewey sent to Philippines ????

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Remember the Maine!

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Spanish-American War

• USS Maine EXPLODES!• Over 250

Sailors Killed!

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Spanish-American War

• April 11, 1898 – McKinley asks Congress to declare war

• May 1st, 1898 – First attack was @ Philippines Dewey sank entire Spanish Pacific Fleet

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Spanish-American War

• May 1st, 1898 – Second attack was surrounding Spanish Atlantic Fleet @ Santiago Harbor

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Spanish-American War

• Theodore Roosevelt led invasion of Cuba w/ the Rough Riders – Volunteer Cavalry

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Spanish-American War

• Battle of San Juan Hill – July 1st most famous incident of the war

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Spanish-American War

• July 4th – Spanish Fleet tried to leave• All sunk by US fleet ending the war• Called “Splendid Little War”• 2,500 US died – 400 died in battle?• Rest died of yellow fever, malaria,

food poisoning, & bad Meds

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Spanish-American War

Treaty of Paris1. Cuba is independent – US get to

keep 2 naval bases on island (now have one)

2. US gained Philippines, Puerto Rico, & Guam

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Imperialism Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt

• “Big Stick Diplomacy”• Gained US Panama Canal• Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe

Doctrine – it was the right of US to intervene in Latin American nations

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The Panama Canal

• Greatest Shortcut on Earth!

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Why Build a Canal?• A trip from

San Francisco to New York is 7,872 miles

shorter using the

canal instead of

going around South

America.

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What the Heck’s an Isthmus?

Isn’t the Atlantic in the East and Pacific in the West??

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1880s

• In 1881, the French were given permission to build a

canal across Panama.

• What challenges do you think they faced

building a canal in this type of area?

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• By noon the temperature is around 100 degrees.

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• The average yearly rainfall is

about 105 inches!

• (avg. rainfall for Middletown, De is around 42 inches)

• Flooding makes the ground like pudding, and

you can sink up to your knees in

mud.

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• It’s so humid that after it rains steam rises from the ground

• Your clothes are nearly always soaking wet.

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• The Jungle grows at an amazing rate!

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• The terrain is NOT level!

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• Tropical diseases, such as yellow fever and malaria are spread easily by

mosquitoes.

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• After eight years and over 20,000

French construction

worker deaths, the French abandon

the project.• The company

building the canal goes bankrupt.

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• In 1903, Panama was a province of Columbia (kind of like Delaware is part

of the United States)• The United States offers to buy rights to build the canal from

Columbia for $10 million dollars and

$250,000 per year.

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Columbia refuses! – holding out for more money…

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• On November 3, 1903 Panamanians, led by officials of the Panama Railroad and others hoping to gain from the construction of a

canal, launched a revolution…

• Roosevelt is Furious! He refuses to deal with the Columbians any longer…

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• Teddy Roosevelt sends warships to protect Panama and prevent Columbia from

retaking it’s own territory.

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• The rebels are quickly victorious and on November 6, 1903 President Theodore Roosevelt officially recognizes the new nation of Panama who in turn signs the treaty previously refused by Columbia.

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• The United States begins work on the canal in 1904.

• It is a project of the U.S. government so unlike the French, they did not run out of money.

• The efforts of William Gorgas defeat the worst obstacle - Disease

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• Another major decision had to be made – should the canal be sea level – like the French had tried to build or should they follow the natural rise of

the land?

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What are locks?A lock is a part of a canal with gates at each end where boats are raised or lowered to different water levels.

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Building the Lock Chambers

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• Construction progresses using steam shovels and human muscle

• By 1914, the canal is completed – ahead of schedule and under budget!

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• More than 922,000 vessels have used the

waterway since its opening on August 15,

1914.

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• 1977 The United States

signed a treaty with

Panama that

agreed to give

Panama control of the canal in 1999

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A vessel passing through the Panama Canal pays a toll proportionate to its size. The average toll is about

$45,000

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• The lowest toll ever paid is 36 cents, paid by Richard Halliburton for swimming the Canal in 1928.

On May 30th, 2006, the Maersk Dellys established a new toll record by paying

$249,165.00!!

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• On average, a vessel will take between 8 to 10 hours to transit.

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• Although longer than 3 Statues of Liberty laid

end to end, the current locks are too small.

• Many ships, known as

“Pana-Max”, barely fit

through…

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• Due to be completed between 2014 and

2015, Work is under way to modernize the canal and enable it to handle much larger

ships.

• At a cost of over $5 Billion, work includes

deepening and widening the canal along with adding newer and larger

locks.

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Arguments for Expansion

• Obtain new markets.• Protect overseas investments.• Rekindle the American pioneer

spirit.• Bring civilization to the “heathen”

people around the world.

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