I. A New Period of Imperialism A. Forms of Control 1. Europeans
wanted more control over the economic, political, and social lives
of Africans.
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I. A New Period of Imperialism A. Forms of Control 2. There
were 4 forms of colonial control: colony, protectorate, sphere of
influence, economic imperialism.
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I. A New Period of Imperialism B. Methods of Management 1.
There were two basic types: indirect control direct control
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C. Indirect Control 1. Example: Britain which would ask a local
ruler to accept British authority to rule 2. The assumption was
that the councils would train the local leaders in British method
of government 3. Once this was done correctly then the local
population could govern itself
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D. Direct Control 1. The French and other Euros preferred
direct control of government 2. This developed the policy of
Paternalism meaning governing people in a paternal way by providing
for their needs but not giving them rights
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D. Direct Control 3. Brought in their own diplomats and did not
train the locals European ways of governing 4. The French also
supported assimilation which has people adopt the dominant culture
way of life
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II. A British Colony A. Gaining Control 1. Britain gained
control of Southern Nigeria through diplomacy and military means
and those who rebelled were defeated 2. In 1914 the Royal Niger
Company gained control of the palm oil trade along the Niger river
and were able to claim Nigeria as a colony
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B. Managing the Colony 1. Managing Nigeria was difficult since
there were about 250 different ethnic groups 2. 3 largest groups
were the Hausa-Fulani (Muslim) in the North, Yoruba in the
southwest, and the Igbo (they were traditionalist) in the
southeast.
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II. A British Colony B. Managing the Colony 3. British used the
indirect rule approach but this only worked with the Hausa-Fulani
because they had a strong central government
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III. African Resistance A. Unsuccessful Movements 1. The
Algerians resisted French rule for over 50 years 2. Samori Toure of
West Africa modernized his army and fought the French for 16 years
but failed in the end
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III. African Resistance A. Unsuccessful Movements 3. Maji Maji
rebellion against the Germans in German East Africa cost the lives
of over 75,000 via the machine gun.
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B. Ethiopia: A successful Resistance 1. Menelik II became
emperor in 1889 & he was able to play the Italians, French and
British against each other because they all wanted a piece of his
country 2. Stockpiled modern weapons as a result of trades with the
French and Russians
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III. African Resistance B. Ethiopia: A successful Resistance 3.
Successfully defeated the Italians in the Battle of Adowa; kept his
nation independent