Impact of Supraharmonics on the Power Grid;

an EV perspectiveThijs van Wijk - ElaadNL

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Founded in 2009

and funded by the Dutch grid

operators, ElaadNL is a non-

profit Knowledge & Innovation

Centre in the field of (smart)

charging infrastructure

ElaadNL works on

the smooth integration of

electric vehicles to the power grid

while making full use of renewable energy

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ElaadNL TESTING GROUND

Making sure you can smart charge

• Most NL stations present (20+ station types, including DC and V2G stations)

• Live monitoring and measuring

• Smart Charging simulation

POWER QUALITY TESTING LAB

Making sure the EV can smoothly integrate in the grid

• Measuring (supra-)Harmonic Distortions, reactive current and inrush currents

• Immunity of EV to PQ effects

• Simulation of different (European) electricity grids

Supraharmonics (2 kHz – 150 kHz)

Generalized:

• As artifact from power conversion - AC->DC or DC->AC

• “Intentional” emission- Power line communication

Sources of Supraharmonics

Known effects of Supraharmonics

Measurements on Electric Vehicles (OBC)

Supraharmonic currents

9 most common BEVs in NL (2018): 92% of total 45.000 BEVs

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U = I x Z

I = U / Z

Examples Supraharmonic measurementIn frequency domain

Smart charging

Examples Supraharmonic measurementSmart charging, broadband distortion, reflections

Examples Supraharmonic measurementBroadband current distortion

Supraharmonic propagationPrimary + secondary emission real measurements

EV-1 EV-2 EV-3 EV-4

10.0kHz -

10.0 kHz

45.0 - 50.0 kHz

Z Z Z

EV-1 EV-3

Supraharmonic interactionFrequency beating

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Supraharmonic interactionIntermodulation distortion

Measurements on Fast (DC) chargers

Fast (DC) chargers

Inductive charging

• Supraharmonic emissions occur, by EVs, DC chargers and inductive chargers of different

magnitude and different frequencies

• Emissions not necessarily fixed on one freq. -> broadband and reflections

• Smart charging can change behaviour

• Hard to pinpoint source, current measurements required

• Interference between supraharmonics possible;

o Beating effect

o Intermodulation

Learnings

Next steps

Need for comprehensive standards in 2-150kHz range

But what should be the limit for supraharmonics?What is their true impact? How far do they propogate?

Standardization on (supra-)harmonicmeasurements- How to measure?

- LISN/AMN

- Compliance with limits- Lab vs in field

- Interaction

Current PQ research

• TEPQEV project• Research on PQ impact charging

electric vehicles and how to model this

• Progressus project• Research on reducing PQ impact

during AC/DC conversion

• Universities• TU Eindhoven

• Lulea University

• TU Dortmund

• TU Dresden

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ElaadNLUtrechtseweg 310 B426812 AR ArnhemThe Netherlands+31 (0) 26 312 02 23

Contact usThijs.Van.Wijk@elaad.nlTim.Slangen@elaad.nlwww.elaad.nlTwitter @ElaadNLfacebook.com/ElaadNLYoutube Channel: ElaadNL

Visit us at the CNrood stand!Contact us for more information about testing and PQ research