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Impact of Selected IPM Practices on Impact of Selected IPM Practices on Insect Populations in Retail Insect Populations in Retail
EnvironmentsEnvironments
Bhadriraju Subramanyam and Rennie Roesli Bhadriraju Subramanyam and Rennie Roesli Department of Grain Science and IndustryDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Kansas State UniversityKansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506Manhattan KS 66506
March 26, 2002March 26, 2002
StoredStored--product insects in product insects in retail storesretail stores
Loschiavo and Okumura (1979)*Loschiavo and Okumura (1979)*33 supermarkets and 6 feed and pet food stores in 33 supermarkets and 6 feed and pet food stores in HawaiiHawaiiInfestations found in all storesInfestations found in all storesCigarette beetle, merchant grain beetle, and red Cigarette beetle, merchant grain beetle, and red flour beetleflour beetle
________________________________*Loschiavo, S.R. and G.T. Okumura. 1979. A survey of stored*Loschiavo, S.R. and G.T. Okumura. 1979. A survey of stored--product product
insects in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological insects in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society13: 95Society13: 95--118.118.
Platt et al. (1998)Platt et al. (1998)Surveyed retail store managers in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Surveyed retail store managers in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas regarding perceptions on insect pests and pest and Texas regarding perceptions on insect pests and pest management practicesmanagement practices–– Cockroaches and flies were common insect pestsCockroaches and flies were common insect pests–– Insect sources: Outdoors, warehouses, and delivery trucksInsect sources: Outdoors, warehouses, and delivery trucks–– PMPsPMPs valuable source of informationvaluable source of information
Sampled 8 retail grocery stores in Oklahoma for insectsSampled 8 retail grocery stores in Oklahoma for insects–– Indianmeal moth, merchant grain beetle, and drug store beetleIndianmeal moth, merchant grain beetle, and drug store beetle
______________________Platt et al. 1998. Integrated pest management perceptions and prPlatt et al. 1998. Integrated pest management perceptions and practices and insect actices and insect
populations in grocery stores in southpopulations in grocery stores in south--central United States. Journal of Stored central United States. Journal of Stored Products Research 34: 1 Products Research 34: 1 –– 10.10.
Arbogast et al. (2000)Arbogast et al. (2000)–– Sampled 3 department stores and 2 pet stores in northSampled 3 department stores and 2 pet stores in north--central central
FloridaFlorida–– Each store sampled 1Each store sampled 1--3 times3 times–– Indianmeal moth, cigarette beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, Indianmeal moth, cigarette beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle,
red flour beetle, and flat grain beetlered flour beetle, and flat grain beetle–– Bagged bird seed and pet foodBagged bird seed and pet food–– Spilled material Spilled material –– Gentrol application reduced but did not eliminate infestations Gentrol application reduced but did not eliminate infestations
of beetles and mothsof beetles and moths–– Showed the utility of contour mapping for identifying Showed the utility of contour mapping for identifying
infestation foci, targeting insecticide applications, and infestation foci, targeting insecticide applications, and evaluating management measuresevaluating management measures
____________________________________________
Arbogast et al. 2000. Monitoring insect pests in retail stores bArbogast et al. 2000. Monitoring insect pests in retail stores by trapping and y trapping and spatial analysis. Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 1531spatial analysis. Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 1531--1542.1542.
Impact of insect infestationsImpact of insect infestationsProduct loss– Loss of quantity– Loss of quality
Consumer complaints– Decreased consumer confidence
Allergic reactions in sensitive individualsFood safety issue?
Stored-product insects are carriers of pathogenic organisms
Pest management in retail Pest management in retail storesstores
SanitationSanitationInspection of incoming productsInspection of incoming productsStock rotationStock rotationPest monitoringPest monitoringRemoval of infested productsRemoval of infested productsUse of chemicals and alternativesUse of chemicals and alternativesEvaluation of pest management programsEvaluation of pest management programs
Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives
Determine insect species associated with Determine insect species associated with retail storesretail storesDetermine infestation levels in productsDetermine infestation levels in productsIdentify infestation fociIdentify infestation fociEvaluate impact of selected IPM practices Evaluate impact of selected IPM practices on insectson insectsIdentify future research needsIdentify future research needs
PurposePurpose
AwarenessHelp identify sanitation and pest management issuesProvide basis for improved monitoring and pest management
* 40 traps; all other stores 30 traps
Store no.Store no. LocationLocation Area (ftArea (ft22)) No. visitsNo. visits1,3201,320 1111
881111
8877
7712121111
PS B1PS B1 Kansas CityKansas City 19,65619,656 1616PS B2PS B2 TopekaTopeka 19,65619,656 1616DPS*DPS* ManhattanManhattan 82,61182,611 1515
11,30911,3096,4406,4405,2025,2029,9519,951
11,30911,30910,33910,339
8,6168,616
PS A1PS A1 Kansas CityKansas CityPS A2PS A2 Kansas CityKansas CityPS A3PS A3 Kansas CityKansas CityPS A4PS A4 Kansas CityKansas CityPS A5PS A5 WichitaWichita
PS A6PS A6 WichitaWichitaPS A7PS A7 TopekaTopekaPS A8PS A8 LawrenceLawrence
Methods for Sampling Methods for Sampling StoredStored--Product InsectsProduct Insects
TrapsTraps
30 dome or Flite-Trak traps (each with 3 beetle lures) per store
30 Pherocon II traps (with IMM lure) per store
Traps placed in a Traps placed in a loosely arranged grid loosely arranged grid pattern inside storespattern inside stores
Traps were concealed Traps were concealed from customer viewfrom customer view
Trap locations were Trap locations were identified by X and Y identified by X and Y coordinates coordinates
Trap catches recorded Trap catches recorded every 1every 1--3 weeks3 weeks
Contour maps of trap Contour maps of trap catch distribution catch distribution generated using Surfer generated using Surfer softwaresoftware
Sampling infested productsSampling infested products
19 bags of wild bird food 19 bags of wild bird food –– (PSA7)(PSA7)10 bulk10 bulk--stored samples stored samples –– (PSA7)(PSA7)1 bagged (PSA5) and 2 bulk1 bagged (PSA5) and 2 bulk--stored samples stored samples (PSA8)(PSA8)6 bags of dried corn cobs 6 bags of dried corn cobs –– (PSA7)(PSA7)
Identifying infestation fociIdentifying infestation foci
5 15 25
15
25
35
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
Dis
tanc
e fr
om fr
ont l
eft (
m)
Distance from front left (m)
IPM practices appliedIPM practices applied
•• Sanitation Sanitation •• Sanitation + Gentrol spray Sanitation + Gentrol spray •• Sanitation + Tempo spray Sanitation + Tempo spray •• Tempo spray only Tempo spray only •• No treatment No treatment
Sanitation
Removal of Removal of infested products infested products
Debris and Debris and unaccounted unaccounted inventoryinventory
Spraying with Gentrol or Tempo
Time spent on various IPM activitiesTime spent on various IPM activitiesActivityActivity Person hoursPerson hours
Assembling traps 1 – 2
Placing traps 1 – 2
Checking traps 1 – 2.5
Sanitation 8 – 10 (21)
Sanitation and Gentrol spray 8 – 10
Sanitation and Tempo spray 8 – 10
Counting insects 2 – 16
RESULTSRESULTS
Store # Sampling duration Size (ft2) No. insects in Flite-Trak traps
No. moths in Pherocon II traps
PS A1 Feb 17 – Aug 27 1,320
11,309
6,440
5,202
9,951
11,309
10,339
8,616
19,656
19,656
82,611
3,425 2,904
PS A2 Feb 16 – Jul 02 1,984 599
PS A3 Feb 16 – Aug 27 4,014 524
PS A4 Feb 16 – Aug 02 1,657 554
PS A5 Feb 20 – Jul 12 969 1,254
PS A6 Feb 20 – Jul 12 439 588
PS A7 Feb 05 – Aug 24 16,711 2,816
PS A8 Feb 05 – Aug 24 2,086 744
PS B1 May 11 – Sep 01 1,271 3,667
PS B2 May 11 – Sep 01 8,190 4,117
DPS* Apr 21 – Aug 04 193 24
* 40 traps; others 30 traps* 40 traps; others 30 traps
Total number of insects
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
W eevils (Sitophilus spp.)
Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella)
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
Merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus mercator)
Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)
Sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis)
Drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum)
Flat grain beetle (Cryptolestes spp.)
Red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes)
Insects found in eight retail pet stores-Chain A36 species, 17 families, 7 orders
Total number of insects
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Spe
cies
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella)
Merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus sp.)
Drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum)
Flat grain beetles (Cryptolestes sp.)
Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)
Weevils (Sitophilus sp.)
Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica)
Warehouse beetle (Trogoderma sp.)
Others
Insects found in two retail pet stores-Chain B14 species, 12 families, 5 orders
Total number of insects
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Spe
cies
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Indianmeal moth (P. interpunctella)
Merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus sp.)
Drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum)
Weevils (Sitophilus sp.)
Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica)
Warehouse beetle (Trogoderma sp.)
Hairy fungus beetle(Typhae stercorea)
Red flour beetle (Tribolium sp.)
Insects found in a departmental store8 species, 8 families, 2 orders
Infestation foci in storesInfestation foci in stores
5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
A
D
A B
C
Back room
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Distance from left front (m)
5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
A
D
A B
C
Back room
Distance from left front (m)
1 2
PSA1Beetles Indianmeal moths
A=Wild bird food B=Small animal food C=Cat and dog foodD=Food bar table
5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Bac
k ro
om
A
B
C
C
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Distance from left front (m) 5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Bac
k ro
om
A
B
C
C
Distance from left front (m)
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Small animal food C=Cat and dog food
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45C
C
C
Back roomD
istan
ce fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
A
A
AB
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
0
2
4
6
8
10
CC
C
Back room
Distance from left front (m)
A
A
AB
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Small animal food C=Cat and dog food
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Distance from left front (m) B
ack
room
B
A
B
B
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Distance from left front (m)
Bac
k ro
om
B
A
B
B
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Cat and dog food
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Back room
A
B
B
C
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Distance from left front (m) 5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Back room
A
B
B
C
Distance from left front (m)
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Food bar table C=Cat and dog food
5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
Back room
A
C
B
5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Distance from left front (m)
Back room
A
B
C
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Food bar table C=Cat and dog food
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180
A
A
A
B
Back room
C
D
Dist
ance
from
left
fron
t (m
)
Distance from left front (m) 5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45A
A
A
B
Back room
C
D
Distance from left front (m)
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Small animal food C=Cat and dog foodD=Food bar table
5 10 15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
2
4
6
8
10
Back room
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Distance from left front (m)
A
A
A
C
B
5 10 15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
2
4
6
Back room
Distance from left front (m)
A
A
A
C
B
1 2
A=Wild bird food B=Small animal food C=Cat and dog food
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40D
ista
nce
from
left
fron
t (m
)
A
B
C
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
Distance from left front (m)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
C
B
A
PS B1A= Cat food; B=Dog foodC=Bird food
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
9
18
27
36
45
54
63
72
81
90
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Distance from left front (m)
PS B2A= Cat food; B=Dog foodC=Bird food
Beetles in DPS
30 60 90 1200
20
40
60
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Distance from left front (m)
Back area
Wild bird food shelves
Spillage behind kick plates
On the surface, seams, and stitchesof bags
Inside bags
Bulk-stored samples
Spillage near food display areas
Indianmeal moths inside containers
Receiving/reclamationReceiving/reclamationareasareas
Sam. No.
Wt (lbs) Total No./lb
1 10 328 332 5 1,491 2983 5 1,221 2444 10 10,295 10305 5 2,493 4996 5 2,126 4257 5 2,238 4488 5 1,320 2649 5 2,120 424
10 5 1,249 25011 5 4,130 82612 10 121 1213 10 51 514 10 680 6815 10 9 116 10 34 317 10 2,880 28818 10 4,489 44920 5 4,134 827
Insect counts from Insect counts from infested bagsinfested bags
Insects in bulk-stored samples
Sample SA1 SA2 SA3 SA5
107 110
11
10
22
5
113
19
6
SA8
109 7
9
1
20
6
SA4 SA6 SA7 SA9 Bird
Total 41
19
2
1484 24 201
Weight (Lb)
6 13 16 8
Nos./lb
119
237 2 12 15
Insects in bulkInsects in bulk--stored and stored and bagged samplesbagged samples
Product Krunchies Dog treat Dog treat (bagged)
Total 43 51 408
Weight (Lb) 0.3 0.2 1.1
Nos./Lb 142 238 384
Weevil emergence holes in infested Weevil emergence holes in infested corn cobscorn cobs
Box no. Total Mean SE
1 73 12.2 3.3
2 50 8.3 2.6
3 82 13.7 2.5
4 108 18.0 3.3
5 67 11.2 3.0
6 41 6.8 2.8
Impact of IPM practices on Impact of IPM practices on insect trap catchesinsect trap catches
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/20010
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Store 2Store 3
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/20010
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Store 3Store 1
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001
No.
bee
tles
/tra
p/w
eek
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Store 5Store 6
Date3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Store 7Store 8
Sanitation
Sanitation and Tempo spray
Sanitation and Gentrol spray
Sanitation and Tempo spray
Sanitation
No treatment
PSA1-PSA8
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/20010
2
4
6
8
10
12
Store 2Store 4
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/20010
2
4
6
8
10
12
Store 1Store 3
3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001
No.
mot
hs/t
rap/
wee
k
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Store 5Store 6
Date3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Store 7Store 8
Sanitation and Gentrol spray
Sanitation and Tempo spray
Sanitation and Tempo spraySanitation
Sanitation
No treatment
Date (month/day/year)4/27/01 5/11/01 5/25/01 6/8/01 6/22/01 7/6/01 7/20/01 8/3/01 8/17/01 8/31/01
No.
adu
lt be
etle
s (m
ean
+ se
)
0
4
8
12
16
20
PSB1, Kansas CityPSB2 , TopekaDPS , Manhattan
Sanitation
Tempo spray
Date (month/day/year)4/27/01 5/11/01 5/25/01 6/8/01 6/22/01 7/6/01 7/20/01 8/3/01 8/17/01 8/31/01
No.
adu
lt m
oths
(mea
n +
se)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
PSB1, Kansas CityPSB2, TopekaDPS, Manhattan
Sanitation
Tempo spray
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
Feb 17 - 28 Feb 28 - Mar 13 Mar 13 - 27 Mar 27 - Apr 17
Apr 17 - May 01 May 1 - 15 May 15 - June 6 June 6 - Jul 3
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Jul 3 - 24
5 15 25
15
25
35
5 15 25 5 15 25 5 15 25
5 15 25
15
25
35
5 15 25 5 15 25 5 15 25
5 15 25
15
25
35
Jul 24 - Aug 13
5 15 25
Aug 13 - 27
19172533414957657381
Distance from left front (m)
A
B
5 15 25
Distance from left front (m)
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Beetle distributionsbefore sanitation and Gentrol spray in store PSA1
After intervention
Feb 17 - 28 Feb 28 - Mar 13 Mar 13 - 27 Mar 27 - Apr 17
Apr 17 - May 1 May 1 - 15 May 15 - June 6 June 6 - Jul 3
Jul 3 - 24 Jul 24 - Aug 13 Aug 13 - 27
10 20
10
20
30
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
10 20 10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
30
10 20 10 20 10 20
10 20 10 20 10 20
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
) A
B
Moth distributionsbefore sanitation and Gentrol spray in store PSA1
After intervention
Distance from left front (m)
Feb 20 - Mar 3
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fr
ont (
m)
Mar 3 - 17 Mar 17 - 24
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Apr 24 - May 9 May 9 - 22
Distance from left front (m)
May 22 - Jun 18
Jun 18 - Jul 12
10 20
10
20
30
40
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
10 20 10 20
10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
30
40
10 20
10
20
30
40
A
B
Beetle distributionsbefore sanitation and Tempo spray in store PSA5
After intervention
Feb 20 - Mar 3 Mar 3 - 17 Mar 17 - 24
Apr 24 - May 9 May 9 - 22 May 22 - Jun 18
Jun 18 - Jul 12
10 20
10
20
30
40
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
30
40
10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
30
40
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
) D
istan
ce fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
A
B
Moth distributionsbefore sanitation and Tempo spray in store PSA5
After intervention
Feb 05 - 12 Feb 12 - 19 Feb 19 - 26 Feb 26 - Mar 12 Mar 12 - 23
Mar 23 - Apr 9 Apr 9 - 30 Apr 30 - May 14 May 14 - June 5 June 5 - Jul 2
10 20
5
20
35
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
10 20
5
20
35
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
1
31
61
91
121
151
181
211
241
271
301
331
10 20
5
20
35
Jul 20 - Aug 9 Aug 9 - 24
10 20
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fro
nt (m
)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
A
B
C
Beetle distributionsbefore sanitation in store PSA7
After 1st intervention, before sanitation and Tempo spray (2nd
intervention)
After 2nd intervention
10 20
10
20
30
40
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
30
40
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
Feb 05 - 12 Feb 12 - 19 Feb 19 - 26 Feb 26 - Mar 12 Mar 12 - 23
Mar 23 - Apr 9 Apr 9 - 30 Apr 30 - May 14 May 14 - June 5 June 5 - Jul 2
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
Distance from left front (m)
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Jul 20 - Aug 9 Aug 9 - 24
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
A
B
C
10 20
10
20
30
40
1
713
19
25
31
37
43
4955
61
67
73
79
85
91
10 20
Moth distributionsbefore sanitation in store PSA7
After 1st intervention, before sanitation and Tempo spray (2nd
intervention)
After 2nd intervention
Beetles in PSB1
May 25 - June 1 June 8 - 15June 1 - 8 June 15 - 22
June 22 - 29 June 29 - July 6 July 6 - 13 July 13 - 20 July 20 - 27 July 27 - Aug 3
May 11 - 18 May 18 - 25
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 355 15 25 35
5 15 25 355 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35
5 15 25 35
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35
036912151821242730333639Aug 3 - 10 Aug 10 - 20 Aug 20 - 27 Aug 27 - Sept 1
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35
Distance from left front (m)
Dis
tanc
e fro
m le
ft fro
nt (m
)
A
B
C
Before sanitation
After sanitation before Tempo
After Tempo
Moths in PSB1
Before sanitation
After sanitation before Tempo
After Tempo
May 25 - June 1 June 8 - 15June 1 - 8 June 15 - 22
June 22 - 29 June 29 - July 6 July 6 - 13 July 13 - 20 July 20 - 27 July 27 - Aug 3
May 11 - 18 May 18 - 25
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35
5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35 5 15 25 35
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60Aug 27 - Sept 1
5 15 25 35
Aug 20 - 27
5 15 25 35
Aug 10 - 20
5 15 25 35
10
20
30
40
Aug 3 - 10
Distance from left front (m)
Dis
tanc
e fr
om le
ft fr
ont (
m)
A
B
C
5 15 25 35
Distance from left front (m)
Feb 16 -26 Feb 26 - Mar 12 Mar 12 - 26
Mar 26 - Apr 17 Apr 17 - 30 Apr 30 - May 14
May 14 - June 5 June 5 - Jul 2
10 20
10
20
10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
10 20 10 20
10 20
10
20
10 201
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Beetle distributions in store PSA4 without intervention
Feb 16 - 26 Feb 26 - Mar 12 Mar 12 - 26
Mar 26 - Apr 17 Apr 17 - 30 Apr 30 - May 14
May 14 - June 5 June 5 - Jul 2
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
135791113151719
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
5 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 205 10 15 20
5
10
15
20
5 10 15 20
Dist
ance
from
left
front
(m)
Distance from left front (m)
Moth distributions in store PSA4 without intervention
ConclusionsConclusionsSeveral insect species are associated with retail storesThe types of species found vary from store to store.Areas of insect activity are found in specific locations withina store.Trapping and spatial analysis is a powerful way of identifying areas of insect activity and for management.Sanitation alone may not be effective.Sanitation plus Gentrol or Tempo were effective against beetles but less effective against moths.Ample opportunity for insects to survive, develop, and multiply in the store.
Inspection of products at the time of receipt and after stocking is essential.Bulk-storage structures should have a FIFO design.Remove spilled product and debris underneath shelves and behind kickplates at least quarterly.Shelves and pallet racks should not permit product accumulationsBackrooms should be neatly stocked.Infested products should be frozen. Consider placing susceptible products under cooler temperatures.
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
This research was funded by the Nestle Purina Pet Care Company, St. Louis, MO.All cooperating stores and store managers.Fangneng Huang, Anil Menon, Michael Toews, Fang Liang, Mauricio Valencia, YuYuWang, Yunyan Xiao, Zeb Larson, Rizana Mahroof, Muktinutalapati Laxminarayan and Sharath Madathil assisted in various aspects of this study.
