ImmigrationSurveillance_AFF_2015CoreFile.docx

8/17/2019 ImmigrationSurveillance_AFF_2015CoreFile.docx

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Immigration Surveillance AffirmativeSummary.................................................................................................................................................3

Glossary.........................................................................................................................................4 -5

1AC..............................................................................................................................................6 -15

Inherency

Answers To: Deportations Decreasing Now................................................................................16 -8

Economic Hardship Advantage

Answers To: llegal mmigration !urts t"e #conomy.................................................................19 -$1

Solvency

Answers To: C# impro%ing now..................................................................................................22 -3

Answers To: State laws &eter immigration..................................................................................24-'

Answers To: #n&ing sur%eillance causes am ine((icient system.................................................2-)

Answer To: #n&ing sur%eillance (uels t"e smuggling crisis.......................................................29-3*

Human !ights Advantage

!uman +ig"ts A&%antage ........................................................................................................."1 -3,

Answers To: C# re&ucing rig"ts %iolations..............................................................................."#-3)

Answers To: States "a%e a rig"t to &eport.................................................................................4$ -$

Answer To: Curtailing sur%eillance maes immigration courts worse.......................................42-3

Answers to: Curtailing sur%eillance lea&s to %iolent militias......................................................44-5

Answers To: Security s"oul& /e prioriti0e& o%er "uman rig"ts ................................................46-,

Ans%ers to &rime 'isadvantage

mmigration en(orcement increases crime................................................................................4#-5*

mmigration Sur%eillance maes (ig"ting crime "ar&er ...............................................................(1-$

Data lining mmigration to Crime islea&ing................................................................................("

Ans%ers to )errorism 'isadvantage

mmigration #n(orcement &oes not pre%ent terrorism....................................................................(4

mmigration (un&ing tra&es o(( wit" terrorism pre%ention..........................................................((-5)

Ans%ers to '!EA* Act &ounterplan


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Immigration Surveillance Affirmative+A,'- 2$1(16

D+#A Act &oes not sol%e immigration issues..........................................................................6$-$

D+#A Act "arms immigrants- ilitary +ecruitment .................................................................6" -

D+#A Act &oes not pre%ent &eportation......................................................................................6(

D+#A Act &oes not pre%ent sur%eillance.....................................................................................66

2


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Immigration Surveillance Affirmative +A,'- 2$1(16 '!EA* Act &ounterplan Ans%ers

SummaryIntroduction to the Immigration Surveillance Affirmative

T"e mmigration Sur%eillance A((irmati%e sees t"e en& t"e sur%eillance o( millions o( un&ocumente&immigrants in t"e 2nite& States. Currently (e&eral immigration o((icials an& local law en(orcement

agencies trac &own un&ocumente& immigrants /ecause t"ey "a%e %iolate& t"e law /y staying in t"ecountry illegally. T"e issue is t"at many o( t"ese un&ocumente& immigrants "a%e alrea&y li%e& in t"e

country (or a long perio& o( time contri/ute to t"e economy t"roug" employment an& paying ta4es

an& "a%e c"il&ren w"o are citi0ens. Despite t"e /ene(it t"at immigration /rings to t"e 2nite& Statest"e /ama a&ministration 6(ollowing in t"e (ootsteps o( t"e 7us" a&ministration "as attempte& to

increase t"e num/er o( un&ocumente& in&i%i&uals &eporte& eac" year an& "as &one so using

a&%ance& sur%eillance tec"ni9ues an& tactics.

T"us t"e a((irmati%e tries to re%erse t"is tren& o( &eportation /y en&ing t"e sur%eillance programs

t"at are use& to trac &own un&ocumente& immigrants. T"e two a&%antages to t"e 1AC are 61 T"e2.S economy an& 6$ !uman rig"ts a/uses.

)he ,.S Economy Advantage Summary

T"e 2.S economy a&%antage argues t"at process o( (in&ing an& &eporting millions o( un&ocumente&

immigrants is /a& (or t"e 2.S economy. T"e reason t"is is true is t"at millions o( &ollars are spent

e%ery year &eporting un&ocumente& immigrants. urt"ermore most o( t"e people t"at we en& up&eporting are critical to t"eir local economies /ecause t"ey "a%e a ;o/ t"ey pay ta4es an& many

start t"eir own /usinesses. mmigrants are t"e economic /ac/one o( t"is country /ecause t"ey

supply t"e economy wit" worers an& t"ey contri/ute to t"e economy lie ot"er Americans /y /uying

"ouses going to restaurants an& engaging in t"e e%ery &ay economic acti%ities t"at eep t"e 2.S

economy a(loat. 7y &eporting immigrants we mae communities poorer an& cause t"e economy to

&ecline.

T"e a((irmati%e is a/le to sol%e (or t"is /y en&ing t"e sur%eillance programs t"at are use& to (in& an&

&eport un&ocumente& immigrants.


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/lossary 012

'epartment of Homeland Security 0'HS3 s an agency o( t"e 2nite& States (e&eral go%ernmentt"at was (orme& in $**$ (rom t"e com/ination o( $$ &epartments an& agencies. T"e agency is c"arge

o( %arious tas relate& to maing t"e 2nite& States "omelan& sa(e inclu&ing customs /or&er an&immigration en(orcement> emergency response to natural an& manma&e &isasters> antiterrorism

wor> an& cy/ersecurity.

,.S Immigration and &ustoms Enforcement 0I&E3 is an agency wit"in t"e Department o(!omelan& security t"at en(orces (e&eral laws go%erning /or&er control customs tra&e an&

immigration to promote "omelan& security an& pu/lic sa(ety.

,.S. &itienship and Immigration Services 0,.S.&.I.S.3 T"e 2.S. Citi0ens"ip an& mmigration

Ser%ices is responsi/le (or processing immigration an& naturali0ation applications an& esta/lis"ing

policies regar&ing immigration ser%ices.

,.S. &ustoms and 5order rotection 0&.5..3 Customs an& 7or&er ?rotection pre%ents people

(rom entering t"e country illegally or /ringing anyt"ing "arm(ul or illegal into t"e 2nite& States.

Secure &ommunities rogram3 is a program o( t"e 2.S mmigration an& Customs #n(orcement6C# t"at uses in(ormation s"are& /etween t"e C# t"e e&eral 7ureau o( n%estigation 67 an&

local law en(orcement agencies to (in& w"et"er in&i%i&uals w"o "a%e a criminal recor& "a%e also

%iolate& immigration law /y entering t"e 2nite& States illegally.

+ongovernmental organiations 0+/73 an organi0ation t"at is not a part o( t"e go%ernment. or

e4ample Doctors


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/lossary 022

Ariona v. ,nited States3 a legal case /roug"t to t"e Supreme Court o( t"e 2nite& States t"at &ealtwit" w"et"er t"e State o( Ari0ona coul& mae its own immigration law in&epen&ent o( t"e (e&eral

go%ernment. n a 5-3 &ecision t"e court (oun& t"at Ari0ona coul& not mae it a crime to /e in Ari0onawit"out legal papers maing it a crime to apply (or or get a ;o/ in t"e state or allowing police to arrest

in&i%i&uals w"o "a& committe& crimes t"at coul& lea& to t"eir &eportation /ecause t"ose laws

in(ringe& upon t"e (e&eral go%ernment@s aut"ority in immigration law.

ederal e:penditures3 spen&ing /y t"e (e&eral go%ernment.

Attendant3 occurring wit" or as a result o(> accompanying.

'ataveillance3 Sur%eillance o( someone@s personal &ata.

'uress3 &escri/es a range o( symptoms an& e4periences o( a persons internal li(e t"at are

commonly "el& to /e trou/ling con(using or out o( t"e or&inary.

Alterity3 t"e state o( /eing ot"er or &i((erent> ot"erness.

;ielded: pro&uce or pro%i&e.

Human !ights3 a rig"t t"at is /elie%e& to /elong ;usti(ia/ly to e%ery person.

&ivil !ights3 t"e rig"ts o( citi0ens to political an& social (ree&om an& e9uality.

+on


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1A& 011$&ontention 7ne3 )he &urrent State of Immigration olicy

A. )he current state of immigration policy in the ,nited States is characteried 8y a reliance

on surveillance technologies to trac= and deport undocumented immigrants.

1. )he federal government has 8een spending vast amounts of money on surveillanceprograms that lac= any oversight or accounta8ility.

>alhan? Associate rofessor of -a%? 're:el ,niversity? 2$14 mmigration Sur%eillance , &. .

+e%. 1 www.&igitalcommons.law.umarylan&.e&uEmlrE%ol,Eiss1E$F

ederal e:penditures on 8order and immigration control have gro%n fifteenfold since 19#6

an& now su/stantially e4cee& e4pen&itures on all ot"er (e&eral law en(orcement programs

com/ine&.5 T"ese acti%ities "a%e /een supplemente& /y a &i00ying array o( initiati%es o(ten

a&ministere& /y state local an& pri%ate actors t"at in&irectly en(orce immigration law /y regulatingaccess to rig"ts /ene(its an& ser%icesinclu&ing employment social ser%ices &ri%er@s licenses

transportation ser%ices an& e&ucation/ase& on citi0ens"ip or immigration status.' ncreasingly

immigration control o/;ecti%es also are pursue& using criminal prosecutions., )hese initiatives haveyielded a staggering wi&ely note& increase in the num8er of noncitiens formally removed

from the ,nited States.8 *uch less %idely noted "owe%er has 8een the (ull signi(icance o( t"atgrowt"inclu&ing an attendant sea change in the underlying nature of immigration regulation

itself hastened 8y the implementation of transformative ne% surveillance and dataveillance

technologies. ie many ot"er areas o( contemporary go%ernance ? immigration control has

rapidly 8ecome an informationcentered and technologydriven enterprise. At %irtually e%ery

stage o( t"e process o( migrating or tra%eling to (rom an& wit"in t"e 2nite& States 8oth noncitiens

and ,.S. citiens are no% su8


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1A& 021$

2. 'eportation of people %ithout a criminal record is still increasing despite improvements in

the deportation selection process.

5arrera and >rogstad? researchers at the e% !esearch &enter? 2$14 ANA GNHA#H-7A++#+A AND I#NS AN2# J+GSTAD 2.S. &eportations o( immigrants reac" recor& "ig" in

$*13 "ttp:EEwww.pewresearc".orgE(act-tanE$*1E1*E*$Eu-s-&eportations-o(-immigrants-reac"-recor&-

"ig"-in-$*13EF

)he 78ama administration deported a record 4"#?421 unauthoried immigrants in (iscal year

2$1"? continuing a strea= of stepped up enforcement that has resulted in more than 2 million

deportations since 78ama too= office newly release& Department o( !omelan& Security &ata

s"ow. ?resi&ent /ama to&ay is sc"e&ule& to a&&ress mem/ers o( t"e Congressional !ispanic

Caucus a group t"at "as recently critici0e& t"e presi&ent on immigration. ast mont" t"e caucusurge& t"e presi&ent to tae e4ecuti%e action on immigration /y e4ten&ing &eportation relie( to certain

groups o( unaut"ori0e& immigrants suc" as parents o( 2.S.-/orn c"il&ren. Some immigrantadvocates have du88ed 78ama the deporter in chiefB over the fact that his administration

has deported a8out as many immigrants in five years as the /eorge C. 5ush administrationdeported in eight years. During "is speec" /ama is e4pecte& to reiterate "is ple&ge to maec"anges to immigration policy on "is own somet"ing "e sai& "e will &o a(ter t"e No%em/er mi&term

elections.


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1A& 0"1$&ontention )%o is the Economic Harm of 'eporting Immigrants

A. If the federal government continues deporting people the ,.S economy %ill face a decline in

gro%th and high unemployment.

1. irst? deportation is e:pensive and cost 8illions of dollars over time.,%imana? an editor and senior researcher at *edia *atters? 2$14 Solange e&ia atters

Deporting ongstan&ing 2n&ocumente& mmigrants


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1A& 041$". )hird? undocumented immigrants help the economy gro% 8y purchasing houses and

renting apartments

+o%rasteh? the immigration policy analyst at the &ato InstituteFs &enter for /lo8al -i8erty and

rosperity? 2$1" Ale4 Nowraste" recei%e& "is 7ac"elor o( Arts in economics (rom George ason2ni%ersity an& aster o( Science in economic "istory (rom t"e on&on Sc"ool o( #conomics CAT

nstitute Deporting Customers !urts t"e #conomy"ttp:EEwww.cato.orgEpu/licationsEcommentaryE&eporting-customers-"urts-economyF

Immigrants (or e4ample demand an enormous amount of real estate.


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1A& 0(1$

4. ourth? immigrants reduce unemployment 8y creating ne%


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1A& 061$&. )here are multiple 8enefits to maintaining economic gro%th and minimiing unemployment

1. irst? times of high unemployment and slo% gro%th hurt families and society

5a=er and Hasset? 2$12 Dean 7aer is co-&irector o( t"e Center (or #conomic an& ?olicy +esearc".Je%in !assett is &irector o( economic policy stu&ies at t"e American #nterprise nstitute. T"e !uman

Disaster o( 2nemployment.nytimes.comE$*1$E*5E13EopinionEsun&ayEt"e-"uman-&isaster-o(-

unemployment."tmlOpagewante&PallQRrP*F

,nemployment is almost al%ays a traumatic event especially (or ol&er worers. A paper /y t"e

economists Daniel Sullivan and Till von Cachter estimates a ($ to 1$$ percent increase in

death rates for older male %or=ers in the years immediately follo%ing a


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1A& 01$

2. Second? economic gro%th is good for everyone /ro%th increases life e:pectancy?

education and @uality of life %hile allo%ing the government to fund programs for the pu8lic

goodurchtgott!oth senior fello% at the *anhattan Institute? 2$1" 6Diana (ormer c"ie( economist o(

t"e 2.S. Department o( a/or nly Growt" Can Sustain 2s New or Times

nytimes.comEroom(or&e/ateE$*13E*1E1'Ew"en-growt"-is-not-a-goo&-goalEonly-growt"-can-sustain-us

Economic gro%th raises standards of living for rich and poor countries ali=e. )he more

gro%th? the 8etter. In developing countries "ig"er G.D.?. gro%th results in lo%er infant

mortality? running %ater? se%er systems? electricity? 8etter schools and education for children?

as can /e seen (rom comparati%e


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1A& 0#1$

In order to solve the economic harms of unfairly deporting undocumented immigrants

my partner and I present the follo%ing plan3

)he ,nited States federal government should su8stantially curtail its domesticsurveillance 8y ending its surveillance of undocumented immigrants intended for

deportation.

1"


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1A& 091$&ontention )hree is ho% the curtailing immigration surveillance ends the economic damage of

deportation

1. Ending immigration surveillance solves for this ne% trend in inhumane immigrationenforcement 8y ending the surveillance process that ma=es deportations possi8le.

>alhan? Associate rofessor of -a%? 're:el ,niversity? 2$14 G+ATN S2+M#ANC#

, &. . +e%. 1 6$*1 "ttp:EE&igitalcommons.law.umarylan&.e&uEmlrE%ol,Eiss1E$F

T"ese four sets of migration an& mo/ility surveillance functions identification? screening andauthoriation? mo8ility trac=ing and control? and information sharingplay crucial /ut

un&erappreciate& roles in immigration control processes across t"e entire spectrum o( migrationan& tra%el. n t"e growing num/er o( conte4ts in w"ic" immigration control acti%ities now tae place

enforcement actors engage in e:tensive collection storage analysis an& &issemination ofpersonal information in order to identify individuals screen t"em an& aut"ori0e t"eir acti%ities

ena/le monitoring an& control o%er t"eir tra%el and share information %ith other actors %ho 8ear

immigration control responsi8ilities. nitially &eploye& (or tra&itional immigration en(orcementpurposes an& e4pan&e& largely in t"e name o( security t"ese sur%eillance tec"nologies an&

processes are 9ualitati%ely remaing t"e nature o( immigration go%ernance as a num/er o( e4amples

illustrate. 1. 7or&er Control Despite implementation c"allenges ? &ongress and 'HS have placedne% surveillance technologies at the heart of 8order control strategies.

2. )he ,nited States federal government is =ey to solving for 8ad immigration policy. 7nly

congress has the authority to alter our enforcement policies.-egal Information Institute? &ornell ,niversity School of -a%? 2$1( mmigration law: ano%er%iew "ttps:EEwww.law.cornell.e&uEwe4EimmigrationF

ederal immigration la% determines w"et"er a person is an alien the rights? duties? and

o8ligations associated %ith 8eing an alien in the ,nited States an& "ow aliens gain resi&ence or

citi0ens"ip wit"in t"e 2nite& States. t also pro%i&es t"e means /y w"ic" certain aliens can /ecome

legally naturali0e& citi0ens wit" (ull rig"ts o( citi0ens"ip. Immigration la% serves as a gate=eeper

for the nations 8order? determining %ho may enter? ho% long they may stay? and %hen they

must leave. &ongress has complete authority over immigration. residential po%er does not

e:tend 8eyond refugee policy. E:cept for @uestions regarding aliens constitutional rights? the

courts have generally found the immigration issue as non


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1A& 01$1$". &easing surveillance for the purpose of deportation ma=es our immigration system fair and

reduces strain on our legal system.

it and Colgin? &enter for American rogress? 2$14 ars"all is t"e Director o( mmigration

?olicy at t"e Center (or American ?rogress. ?"ilip #. is Senior ?olicy Analyst (or mmigration"ttps:EEwww.americanprogress.orgEissuesEimmigrationE newsE$*1E11E18E1*1*)8Een(orcement-

o%er&ri%e-"as-o%erloa&e&-t"e-immigration-courtsEF

5ut simply increasing resources %ill not solve the overarching pro8lem of roughly 2$$?$$$

immigrants needing to appear 8efore the courts each year in the first place. It is past time to

reduce the volume of deportation actions. ?resi&ent 7arac /ama@s e4pecte& e4ecuti%e action

on immigration will "ope(ully /egin t"at process /y ensuring t"at low-priority immigrants w"o "a%e

/een li%ing in t"e country (or years can get &e(erre& actiona temporary reprie%e (rom &eportation.

)he e:ecutive action should also focus enforcement resources on tracing &own an& remo%ing

serious criminals? rather than on putting other%isela%a8iding immigrants into the

over8urdened deportation system. 5y resourcing the courts commensurate %ith their inflatedcaseloads and curtailing the num8er of people put into the system in the first place? the nationcan %or= to%ard a more functional immigration court system.

4. &urtailing immigrant surveillance %ill allo% immigrants to live %ithout fear.5roeders and Eng8erson? in the ournal of American 5ehavioral Scientist? 2$$ Dennis Dutc"

Scienti(ic Council (or Go%ernment ?olicy an& Go&(rie& #rasmus 2ni%ersity +otter&am T"e ig"t Against llegal igration &enti(ication ?olicies an& mmigrants@ Counterstrategies American

7e"a%ioral Scientist Molume 5* Num/er 1$ AugustF

n(ormation an& i&enti(ication are %ital (or t"e control o( populations an& t"is goes &ou/le (or t"eirregular population. )he =ey%ords for the internal control on irregular migrants are surveillance

and identification. )he development of the surveillance stateB is o( course a muc" /roa&er

p"enomenon /ut it has made an important mar= on the fight against illegal immigration.

+egistration cross-re(erencing and surveillance have 8ecome prime instruments of control. T"e

computeri0ation o( sur%eillance an& a&ministration "as /een a re%olutionary s"i(t in t"e a&ministrati%e

power o( t"e state system 6yon $**3 $**. iling ca/inets an& car& in&e4es "a%e /een or are/eing trans(orme& into searc"a/le &igital &ata/ans t"at can potentially /e line& into networs.


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Ans%ers )o3 'eportations 'ecreasing +o%0JJ

0JJ 'eportation of undocumented immigrants under the 78ama administration is still

increasing.

E%ing? Senior !esearcher at the American Immigration &ouncil? 2$14


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Ans%ers )o3 'eportations 'ecreasing +o%0JJ

0JJ )he 78ama administrationFs actions have failed at reducing the deportation ofundocumented youth.

*erina? reporter at Southern &alifornia u8lic !adio? 2$1( Dorian erina Despite /eing gi%enpriority migrant yout" still (ace "ig" rate o( &eportation in As immigration courts

"ttp:EEwww.scpr.orgEprogramsEtae-twoE$*15E*5E1E$8$3E&espite-/eing-gi%en-priority-migrant-yout"-

still-(EF

+ine months after the ustice 'epartment announced a policy to speed up cases for migrant

youth? more than half the


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Ans%ers )o3 'eportations 'ecreasing +o%

0JJJ

0JJJ )he deportation process is increasing in the status @uo and continues to tear familiesF

apart? often leaving children in foster homes

&eceLa? contri8utor to the San 'iego ree ress? 2$14 Manessa CeceUa recei%e& "er aster o(

Social


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Ans%ers )o3 Illegal Immigration Hurts the Economy0JJ

0JJ ,ndocumented immigrants are good for the economy 8ecause they essential to the la8or

force? agriculture? and 8ring in millions in ta: revenue./oodman? author and


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0JJ Immigrants 8oost the ,.S gross domestic product and reduce the de8t.it? Colgin? and 7a=ford? &enter for American rogress? 2$1" ars"all it0 ?"ilip #.


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0JJ Immigrants create ne%


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Ans%ers )o3 I&E improving no%0JJ

0JJ I&E has not improved K it continues to deport innocent individuals %ithout a properhearing.

American Immigration &ouncil 2$14 isplace& ?riorities: ost mmigrants Deporte& /y C# in

$*13


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Ans%ers )o3 I&E improving no%0JJ

0JJ Even %ith changes to the I&E they have continued to monitor and deport undocumented

immigrants at an alarming rate.

5ernstein? +; u8lic 'efender? 2$1" Ioanna Hucerman 7ernstein

"ttp:EEmic.comEarticlesE$$$58Eimmigration-re(orm-a-recor&-*)-8)-&eportations-"appene&-in-$*1$-a-clear-sign-we-nee&-c"angeF

A fe% administrative changes announced /e(ore t"e New ear also in&icate a s"i(t towar& re(orm

although they %ere met %ith some s=epticism. mmigration and &ustoms Enforcement 0I&Esaid that its detainerB policy %ould no% focus on undocumented people %ith prior criminal

convictions. An immigration &etainer man&ates t"at local law en(orcement "ol& an un&ocumente&immigrant in custo&y until C# &eci&es w"et"er to /egin &eportation procee&ings. A&%ocates "a%e

long consi&ere& t"is program &eeply (lawe& as it can result in &eportation an& t"e separation o(

(amilies (or suc" low-le%el o((enses as a tra((ic %iolation. C# also announce& t"at it woul& /e

greatly re&ucing t"e $8,6g program w"ic" aut"ori0e& local police to 9uestion people a/out t"eirimmigration status. Chile the changes %ere %elcomed 8y advocates? their e:citement %as

tempered 8y I&EFs release G on the same day G of startling figures on deportations in 2$12.

-ast year? 4$9?#49 people %ere deported G a ne% record. oreo%er advocates recognie that

these changes %onFt necessarily mean less enforcement3 for e:ample? 8y reducing the 2#0gprogram? I&E %ill simply 8e concentrating more on immigration enforcement in local


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Ans%ers )o3 State la%s deter immigration0JJ

0JJ ederal action solves for state level immigration programs K States canFt monitorimmigrants %ithout federal information.

>alhan? Associate rofessor of -a%? 're:el ,niversity? 2$14 G+ATN S2+M#ANC#

, &. . +e%. 1 6$*1 "ttp:EE&igitalcommons.law.umarylan&.e&uEmlrE%ol,Eiss1E$F

Interopera8le data8ases no% play a po%erful role in federal programs to enlist state and local

la% enforcement and corrections officers in the identification of potentially deporta8lenoncitiens 8y ena8ling automatic? routine? and effectively mandatory immigration status

determinations /y t"ese o((icers in t"e course o( t"eir &ay-to-&ay responsi/ilities. 2n&er D!S@s

Secure Communities program (ingerprints t"at are recor&e& an& transmitte& to t"e 7@s AS

&ata/ase 6to o/tain i&enti(ication an& criminal "istory in(ormation as part o( t"e typical post-arrest/ooing process are now simultaneously transmitte& to D!S (or comparison against recor&s in

D#NT. ( t"e (ingerprints matc" a recor& in D#NTor e%en i( t"ere is no matc" /ut t"e in&i%i&ual"as an unnown or non-2.S. place o( /irt"t"e system automatically (lags t"e recor& (or (urt"er

re%iew. 5ased on enforcement priorities and other factors? I&E may decide to initiate removal

proceedings against the individual and issue a detainer re@uesting that the state or local

agency hold the individual for transfer of custody. A second automated immigration policingprogram ena8les automatic identification o( suspecte& immigration law violators 8y including

automatic searches of civil immigration records w"ene%er state an& local law en(orcement

o((icers searc" t"e NCC to o/tain in(ormation on criminal "istory an& outstan&ing warrants on

in&i%i&uals w"o t"ey encounter. 5oth programs "a%e /een implemente& in a manner t"at ma=es

participation effectively mandatory for states and localities.1)5 mmigration 7ene(its

Applications. Iust as t"e State Department &oes wit" in&i%i&uals applying (or %isas an& re(ugee status(rom o%erseas 'HS? through ,S&IS? collects? stores analy0es an& &isseminates significant

amounts of personal information from individuals a((irmati%ely applying for parole ad


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Ans%ers )o3 State la%s deter immigration

0JJ

0JJJ -ocal cooperation %ith federal officials is %hat ma=es deportation possi8le

Sa=uma? national reporter at msn8c? 2$14

Aman&a Sa(e "a%en eeps immigrant (amilies toget"er "ttp:EEwww.msn/c.comEmsn/cE&aniel-neyoy-

sanctuary-eeping-(amilies-toget"erF

Accor&ing to a report out /y Syracuse 2ni%ersity@s Transactional +ecor&s Access Clearing"ouse6T+AC ,$) o( t"e total &eportations last year were triggere& /y tra((ic %iolations not %iolent

crime. A separate New or Times re%iew o( mmigration an& Customs #n(orcement 6C# &eportationstatistics (oun& t"at two-t"ir&s o( t"e nearly $ million &eportations un&er t"e /ama a&ministration

targete& people w"o committe& minor o((enses. Some "a& no criminal recor& at all. A num8er of

trafficrelated arrests stem from a 2$12 program called Secure &ommunities. ,nder the

program? local la% enforcement shares any information on undocumented immigrants in their

communities? including fingerprints? %ith federal officials. T"at places anyone slappe& wit" a

spee&ing ticet or (ine on C#@s ra&ar. )he effort %as supposed to pinpoint undocumented

criminals in the system? 8ut %hen congregants started disappearing from their churchcommunities? faith leaders 8egan to ta=e notice. )he 8ac=lash to Secure &ommunities

spa%ned a ne% %ave of %hat is =no%n as the Sanctuary *ovement Z a collection of interfaith

organiations fighting for the rights of immigrant communities. ols came toget"er in t"eir

(ait" spaces /ecause w"en un&ocumente& people /egan /eing &eporte& /y police t"e (irst t"ing t"ey

&i& was turn to t"e c"urc" sai& Nicole Jligerman a community organi0er (or t"e New Sanctuary

o%ement /ase& out o( ?"ila&elp"ia. irroring success stories (rom New rleans Newar an&iami t"e New Sanctuary o%ement in ?"ila&elp"ia %or=ed to cut off a local la% enforcement

pipeline to I&E agents. A(ter organi0ers lo//ie& city o((icials (or more t"an (i%e years hiladelphia

*ayor *ichael +utter issued an e:ecutive order in April mandating that city police %ould no

longer detain immigrants for I&E officials to ta=e them into custody. ederal agents must no%present a %arrant.

26


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Ans%ers )o3 Ending surveillance causes am inefficient system0JJ

0JJ )he federal government mandate to monitor and detain undocumented immigrants is the

root cause of our immigration systems inefficiencies

!o88ins? reporter at +!? 2$1"

Te& +o//ins ittle-Jnown mmigration an&ate Jeeps Detention 7e&s ull

"ttp:EEwww.npr.orgE$*13E11E1)E$5)'8'*1Elittle-nown-immigration-man&ate-eeps-&etention-/e&s-

(ullF

Imagine your city council telling the police department ho% many people it had to =eep in


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Ans%ers )o3 Ending surveillance causes am inefficient system0JJ

0JJ Spending on immigration enforcement %onFt solve the pro8lem K attempting to deport

undocumented immigrants is costly and grossly inefficient.Immigration olicy &enter 2$$9 7+#AJNG D (rom 3555 in 1))$to 1,15 in $**) [igure \.

2#

http://immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/http://immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/


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Ans%er )o3 Ending surveillance fuels the smuggling crisis0JJ

0JJ )he federal government is solving the crisis no% 8y targeting smuggling rings

/onale? reporter at the Ariona !epu8lic? 2$14 Daniel Gon0ale0 e&s targeting smuggling

rings to com/at /or&er crisis usato&ay.comEstoryEnewsEnationE$*1E*,E$3E(e&s-target-smuggling-

rings-com/at-/or&er-crisisE13*33,8)E

As part o( t"at campaign? the government has launched a t"ree-mont" initiative to go directly

after the criminal organiations that charge migrants to 8e smuggled from &entral America

through *e:ico and into the ,nited States Io"nson sai&. Since t"e start o( t"e (iscal year on ct.

1 t"e +io Gran&e Malley Sector accounte& (or nearly t"ree-(ourt"s o( t"e more t"an 5,***

unaccompanie& c"il&ren appre"en&e& /y t"e 7or&er ?atrol. A/out t"ree-(ourt"s o( t"e c"il&ren were(rom !on&uras #l Sal%a&or an& Guatemala. T"e 7or&er ?atrol also "as appre"en&e& more t"an

55*** c"il&ren an& a&ults tra%eling in (amilies> roug"ly )* percent (rom t"ose same t"ree countries.

)o help go after moneylaundering operations Io"nson sai& the 'epartment of HomelandSecurity has deployed 6$ additional special agents and support personnel to the !io /rande

Qalley. T"ey are in%estigating organi0ations smuggling illegal immigrants (rom Central America an&

ot"er countries. Since the initiative started Iune $3 federal authorities have arrested 192 people

involved in smuggling operations and seied more than D62(?$$$ in smuggling profits from

2## 8an= accounts? Io"nson sai&. BCe are interdicting the flo% of money that goes to thesesmuggling organiationsB "e sai&. Adam Isacson? a senior associate for regional security

policy at the Cashington 7ffice on -atin America? said targeting profits is one of the mosteffective %ays to com8at smuggling. It could certainly disrupt some of the traffic? sacson

sai&. Bollo%ing the money is one of the 8est %ays to really disrupt this practice. Seiing

smuggling profits ma=es it difficult for criminal organiations to continue operating "e sai&. Italso forces them to charge higher fees? %hich could deter some migrants 8y ma=ing the cost

of the trip to the ,.S. unafforda8le? "e sai&.

29


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Ans%er )o3 Ending surveillance fuels the smuggling crisis0JJ Individuals %ill inevita8ly try to enter the ,nited States 8ecause they are fleeing violence.

'avidson? the director of the &enter for Health &are olicy at the )e:as u8lic olicy

oundation? 2$14 Io"n Daniel Da%i&son T"e anu(acture& mmigration Crisis n T"e Te4as

7or&er "ttp:EEt"e(e&eralist.comE$*1E*'E$,Et"e-manu(acture&-immigration-crisis-on-t"e-te4as-/or&erEFT"e (irst %iew is o( course t"e one espouse& /y t"e a&ministration. Homeland Security Secretaryeh ohnson told the Senate udiciary &ommittee as muc" last wee: Qiolence? povertyGI

8elieve that is principally %hat is motivating the situation. Io"nson "as a point. *ost of those

apprehended at the 8order have traveled from /uatemala? Honduras? and El Salva&or.

Accor&ing to 2.S. 7or&er ?atrol stats the num8er of unaccompanied alien children

encounteredB from those countries "as &ramatically increase& in recent years (ar outpacing t"ose

coming (rom e4ico. ItFs not hard to see %hy. Honduras has the highest homicide rate in the

%orld? %hile 5elie? El Salvador? and /uatemala have the third? fourth? and fifth highest?

respectively. Alt"oug" it can /e &i((icult to get accurate #nglis"-language news reports (rom Central

America some Spanishlanguage ne%s outlets have noted a recent spi=e in gangrelatedviolenceGand in this conte:t? gang violenceB is a=in to terrorist attac=s or conflicts 8et%eenarmed militias.

0JJ )he root cause of smuggling crisis is poverty and gang violence and continuing to deport

people %ill do nothing to solve it.

Hing? reporter for &olorlines? 2$14 [Julianne Hing, Three Myths of the Unaccompanied Minors

Crisis, Debunked, colorlines.com/articles/three-myths-unaccompanied-minors-crisis-debunked]

!owe%er humanitarian groups lie t"e 2nite& States Con(erence o( Cat"olic 7is"ops an& t"e


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Human !ights Advantage 01Advantage 0JJ3 Human !ights

A. Surveillance and deportation of undocumented immigrants infringes on 8asic human rights

1. 7ur deportation programs are ineffective 8ecause the primary targets of deportation are

innocent individuals? %ith no criminal record? %ho have already lived in the ,.S for yearsE%ing? Senior !esearcher at the American Immigration &ouncil? 2$14


32/70


caseloa& (or (e&eral court ;u&ges. n /usier courts immigration ;u&ges may /e responsi/le (or $5** to

'*** cases an& some "a%e only se%en minutes to "ear eac".

"2


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Human !ights Advantage 02

5. ,nfettered deportation diminishes the credi8ility our legal system and leads to human

rights a8uses.

irst? it causes over 11 million people to live in constant fear of deportation that destroyssocial cohesion? thro%s children into poverty? and causes psychological trauma.

Immigration olicy &enter? 2$$# Rmmigration #n(orcement an& ts 2ninten&e& Conse9uenceson ar 31 $**8 "ttp:EEwww.immigrationpolicy.orgE;ust-(actsEimmigration-en(orcement-an&-its-

uninten&e&-conse9uencesF

T"e num/er o( %ery young c"il&ren a((ecte& /y worsite rai&s is alarmingly "ig". 7n average? the

num8er of children affected 8y %or=site raids is a8out half the num8er of adults arrested . %er

)** a&ults were arreste& in t"e t"ree stu&y sites an& t"e parents among t"em collecti%ely "a& ;ust

o%er 5** c"il&ren. A large ma;ority o( t"e c"il&ren a((ecte& are 2.S. citi0ens. Nationwi&e t"ere are

appro4imately (i%e million 2.S.-citi0en c"il&ren wit" at least one un&ocumente& parent an& policies

t"at target t"eir parents "a%e gra%e e((ects on t"e c"il&ren. T"e c"il&ren inclu&e& in t"e report were%ery young. In t%o of the sites? appro:imately #$ percent %ere ages ten and younger. In one

site? more than half %ere ages five and younger . )he raids resulted in immediate needs for

childcare and 8asic services. *any arrested parents %ere una8le to arrange for alternative

childcare /ecause t"ey "a& limite& a/ility to communicate wit" (amily mem/ers. Some %ere nota8le to ma=e phone calls? some %ere held in detention centers far from their homes and

others signed voluntary departure papers and left the country 8efore they could contactla%yers or caregivers. n(ormal (amily an& community networs too on signi(icant caregi%ing

responsi/ilities an& economic support o( c"il&ren. any families faced severe economic insta8ility

as their incomes plunged follo%ing the arrest of %or=ing adults. n all t"ree sites sc"ool &istricts

playe& an important role in ensuring t"at c"il&ren were not &roppe& o(( to empty "omes or le(t atsc"ool o%ernig"t. !owe%er some children %ere left %ithout adult supervision? and others %ere

ta=en into foster care. T"e rai&s "a& a long-term economic an& psyc"ological impact on (amilies.

any families continued to e:perience significant economic hardship and psychological

stress 8ecause of the arrests and separations? as %ell as from the uncertainty of =no%ing if or%hen an arrested parent %ould 8e released ollowing t"e arrest o( a parent children often

e:perience feelings of a8andonment and sho% symptoms of emotional trauma? psychologicalduress? an& mental "ealt" pro/lems. !owe%er ? due to cultural reasons an& fear of the negative

conse@uences of as=ing for assistance? very fe% affected families see= mental health care.

""


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Human !ights Advantage 0"

Second? ,.S overspending on deportation has left immigration courts una8le to attend to all

their cases and as a result? innocent people end up 8eing held in


35/70


Human !ights Advantage 04)hird? harsh deportation practices have 8een reported to cause thousands of human rightsa8uses every year.

Amuedo'orantes T oo? )he Institute for the Study of -a8or? 2$14 Catalina Amue&o-Dorantes

San Diego State 2ni%ersity an& HA Susan ?o0o ernan&e0 $*11.

*igrant rightsF violations ranged from ver8al and physical a8use to failure to return personal

8elongings or inform migrants of their rights. )hese practices %ere documented anddenounced 8y the ,nited +ations? the 7rganiation of American States Special !apporteurs?

the *e:ican Human !ights &ommission? and numerous +/7s 6rgani0ation o( American States

$**3> 2nite& Nations $**$. or instance? the Ariona humanitarian aid organiation +o *ore

'eaths issued t%o reports: Crossing t"e ine an& A Culture o( Cruelty in %hich they

document more than "$?$$$ incidents of human rights a8uses against undocumented

immigrants in shortterm detention 8et%een fall 2$$# and spring 2$11

"(


36/70


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Human !ights Advantage 06'. Human rights are a moral o8ligation that out%eighs all other concerns

5urggraeve? Emeritus rofessor at >, -euven? 2$$(6+oger 1E1E$**5 T"e Goo& an& ts S"a&ow: T"e Miew o( e%inas on !uman +ig"ts as t"e

Surpassing o( ?olitical +ationality !uman +ig"ts +e%iew Mol. ' ssue $ pp. 8*-1*1EE#

An& human rights (ul(ill t"is &e(ense in &i((erent ways in t"e sense t"at t"ey /ot" surpass as %ell

as correct and supplement every social? economic?


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or the a8soluteness of the human person? in spite o( t"eir /elongingness to t"e "uman in& or

rat"er t"ans to t"is /elongingness.

"#


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Human !ights Advantage 0E. Suspending surveillance for deportation can immediately halt human rights a8uses and

8ring security to millions of immigrants.

)he Human !ights Immigrant &ommunity Action +et%or=? 2$1$

n;ustice (or All: T"e +ise o( t"e 2.S. mmigration ?olicing +egime T"e National Networ (ormmigrant an& +e(ugee +ig"ts 6NN++ wors to &e(en& an& e4pan& t"e rig"ts o( all immigrants an&

re(ugees regar&less o( immigration status "ttp:EEwww.raciale9uitytools.orgEresource(ilesEnnir.p&(F

+#C#NDATNS n;ustice (or All urges t"e 2.S. go%ernment to un&ertae a ma;or s"i(t in

immigration policies an& a&&ress t"e patterns o( "uman an& ci%il rig"ts %iolations. )he ,.S. must

provide access to the ad

)he suspension of detentions and deportations ot"er C# en(orcement operations an& "ig"

pro(ile rai&s> a "ig"-le%el in%estigation an& "earings wit" impacte& communitiesP An end to the

policy and practice of T"e pro"i/ition o( C# an& local county state an& (e&eral

law en(orcement (rom using all (orms o( racial et"nicEnationality an& religious pro(iling> A t"oroug"

in%estigation o( complaints o( a/uses in pu/lic an& pri%ate corporate immigrant &etention centers an&

;ails> a moratorium on t"e e4pansion o( &etention centers an& pri%ately run prisons> An en& to all inter-

agency an& immigration-police colla/oration programs> ?ro"i/ition o( local county an& statego%ernments (rom legislating immigration en(orcement suc" as Ari0ona@s S71*,*> T"e roll /ac an&

en& to t"e militari0ation o( immigration control an& /or&er communities> en& peration Stonegar&en

an& peration Streamline. i% inally &istur/e& /y t"e lac o( congressional action to enact (airimmigration policies an& on our electe& o((icials in t"e !ouse an& Senate to: !ol& (iel& "earings wit"

mem/ers o( interior an& /or&er communities to &ocument t"e impacts an& a/uses cause& /y 2.S.immigration policing an& /or&er security policies measures an& practices> +epeal employer

sanctions an& stop all #-Meri(y programs> protect an& e4pan& t"e la/or rig"ts o( all worers nati%e

an& (oreign-/orn> an& increase Department o( a/or inspectors> +epeal t"e $8,6g an& Secure

Communities initiati%es> ?ro%i&e an& e4pan& options to legal migration inclu&ing access to legal

permanent resi&ency an& citi0ens"ip> nstitute routine programs inclu&ing legali0ation to a&;ust t"eimmigration status an& pro%i&e green car&s to immigrants to ensure ci%il an& la/or rig"ts eep

(amilies toget"er an& rein(orce "ealt"y communities. we call upon t"e A&ministration an& mem/ers o(

Congress: To a&&ress t"e root causes o( &isplacement an& in%oluntary migration 8y promoting andimplementing fair trade and sustaina8le community development policiesP )o help lead anation%ide condemnation of racial intolerance and :enopho8ia in =eeping %ith our countryFs

legal and moral commitment to e@uality for all.


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Ans%ers )o3 I&E reducing rights violations0JJ

0JJ 'espite reforms? current ,.S immigration deportation and surveillance policies still

commit thousands of human rights a8uses every year

&onsta8le? reporter for )he Cashington ost? 2$14

?amela Consta/le !uman +ig"ts


41/70


42/70


Ans%ers )o3 States have a right to deport

0JJ

0JJ Even if states have the right to deport there is no moral "ar&woring in&i%i&uals must not /e su/;ecte& to suc" "ars" conse9uences (or merely

pursuing a /etter li(e (or t"emsel%es an& (or t"eir c"il&ren. As a nation of t"ere(ore t"e present &ay cost will /e

signi(icantly "ig"er &ue to in(lation.

T"e monetary costs o( mass &eportation are min& /oggling /ut w"at s"oul& strie concern in t"e

"eart o( t"e citi0en is "ow "is or "er ta4 &ollars will /e use&: t"e persecution o( e%ery un&ocumente&c"il& woman an& man rallie& up lie cattle to ultimately meet t"eir (ate o( &eportation. )he %orld

%ould %atch in a%e as the greatest e:emplar of freedom treats a portion of her population as

some =ind of un%anted pest and as human rights violations occur. T"e most terri(ying aspect o(

mass &eportation is t"e mo&us operan&i: imagine immigration officers armed to the teeth raidingmeat pac=ing factories? homes of the %ealthy? and farms? all common %or=places for the

undocumented. T"e /utc"er nanny an& grape picer woul& /e punis"e& (or t"e sole reason o(

woring an& /eing in t"e country illegally.

42


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Ans%er )o3 States have a right to deport0JJ

0JJ )he human rights of immigrants are a national security concern 8ecause the a8uses %e

allo% to happen to immigrants erode the very foundation of ,.S democracy.

onas and )acta@uin? rofessor of -atin American and -atino Studies at ,&Santa &ru and

'irector of the +ational +et%or= for Immigrant and !efugee !ights ?2$$4

Susanne an& Cat"erine Social Iustice Mol. 31 Nos. 1Z$ 6$**

"ttp:EEwww.social;ustice;ournal.orgEarc"i%eE)5R31R1-$E)5R*)Ionas.p&( F

Gi%en t"ese &e%elopments ,.S. citiens an& 2.S. society as a w"ole are 8eginning to suffer fromthe evere:panding logic that initially targeted t"e most %ulnera/le 0immigrants and

noncitiens. ani Guinier an& Geral& Torres elo9uently argue t"is point in t"eir /oo T"e iner ̓s

Canary : upon t"e &eat" o( t"e little 6%ulnera/le canary sent into t"e mine to &etect no4ious gasses

miners now t"ey too are %ulnera/le to /eing poisone&. ollowing t"is metap"or even fullfledgedcitiens of a society that institutionalies violations of 8asic? constitutionally guaranteed civil

li8erties against noncitiens 0roll8ac= of ha8eas corpus and due process protections?

proposals to repeal the 14th Amendment? etc. cannot 8e fully safeB from ar8itrary?

antidemocratic a8uses. 7eyon& citi0ensʼ o/%ious sel(-interest the treatment of immigrants and

noncitiens affects the @uality of democracy in the ,.S. It is unhealthy for the fa8ric of asociety to have a rapidly and everincreasing mass of undocumented or in lim/o migrants w"oare regar&e& wit" suspicion an& e4clu&e& (rom its /ene(its. any o( t"em "a%e li%e& an& wore& "ere

(or 15 to $* years> t"eir c"il&ren may /e citi0ens an& t"eir la/or 6wit" or wit"out legal papers isessential to sustaining our economy an& t"at o( t"eir "ome country. et t"ey are una/le to participate

in 2.S. pu/lic li(e are politically unrepresente& an& are &enie& a pat" to legali0ation an& e%entual

naturali0ation a situation t"at woul& /e perpetuate& i( t"e $** 7us" initiati%e on guest worers(rom e4ico were to /e appro%e&. As "as /een seen in ot"er times in ot"er countries ? the e:clusion

of immigrants 8ased on racialiation is an inherent affront to democracy. It %as impossi8le to

consider South Africa a democracy 6e%en (or its w"ite citi0ens so long as it %as an apartheid

regime. n t"e 2.S. to&ay it is no longer possi/le to pursue puniti%eErepressi%e strategies against

T"ir&


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Ans%er )o3 &urtailing surveillance ma=es immigration courts %orse0JJ

0JJ Immigration courts are over%helmed 8ecause there has 8een a surge of &entral

Americans fleeing violence and the 78ama administration is putting money to fi: theimmigration court system no%.

>ul=arni and &onrad? u8lic !adio International? 2$14

!eres an e4planation a/out w"y t"eres a /aclog o( immigration cases

"ttp:EEwww.pri.orgEstoriesE$*1-*8-13E"eres-e4planation-a/out-w"y-t"eres-/aclog-immigration-

casesF.

)he recent %ave of migrants crossing the ,S*e:ico 8order tests any already over%helmed

,S


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Ans%er )o3 &urtailing surveillance ma=es immigration courts %orse0JJ

0JJ -ac= of federal action on hiring


46/70


Ans%ers to3 &urtailing surveillance leads to violent militias

0JJ Even during times of intense immigration the amount of militias has fallen.

*urphy? reporter for *other ones? 2$14 Tim T"e elt&own o( t"e Anti-mmigration inuteman

ilitia "ttp:EEwww.mot"er;ones.comEpoliticsE$*1E*8Eminuteman-mo%ement-/or&er-crisis-simco4F

'uring the past four years? the *inuteman groups t"at &e(ine& conser%ati%e immigration policy

&uring t"e mi&-to-late-$***s have mostly selfdestructedsometimes spectacularly so. ounding*inuteman leaders are in prison? facing criminal charges? dead? or sidelined. Bt really attracte&a lot o( people t"at "a& some pretty e4treme issuesB says Iuanita olina e4ecuti%e &irector o( t"e

7or&er Action Networ an a&%ocacy group t"at pro%i&es ai& to migrants in t"e &esert. Ce sa% the

movement implode on itself mostly 8ecause of that. An analysis 8y the Southern overty -a%

&enter? %hich monitors right%ing e:tremist groups? found that the num8er of *inutemangroups in the South%est had declined from "1$ to "# 8et%een 2$1$ and 2$12.

0JJ /roup infighting and la% enforcement efforts prevent the rise of militiasSouthern overty -a% &enter 2$14 ntelligence +eport Spring $*1 ssue Num/er: 153 ^Nati%ist #4tremist@ Groups Decline Again

"ttp:EEwww.splcenter.orgEget-in(orme&Eintelligence-reportE/rowse-all-issuesE$*1EspringENati%ist-

#4tremist-Groups-Decline-AgainF

)he movement of nativist e:tremistB groups anti-immigration organi0ations t"at go /eyon&

mere a&%ocacy to con(ront suspecte& un&ocumente& immigrants an& t"ose w"o "ire or "elp t"em reac"e& its %itriolic pea in $*1* w"en it counte& some 31) groups. Since t"en t"e mo%ement has

declined rapidly? a trend that continued in 2$1"? %hen there %ere


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Ans%ers to3 &urtailing surveillance leads to violent militias0JJ

0JJ )he 8iggest reason %hy violent militias increased %as the recession not immigration5ennet? *eredith rofessor of History at the *a:%ell School? Syracuse ,niversity? 2$1$ Da%i&

!. 7ennett


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Ans%ers )o3 Security should 8e prioritied over human rights 0120JJ In order to guarantee survival human rights must 8e protected

5alfour and &adava? associate professor of English at ;or= ,niversity and -ecturer in English

at rinceton? 2$$4

an an& #&uar&o T"e Claims o( !uman +ig"ts: An ntro&uction. Sout" Atlantic _uarterlySpringESummer $** pg. $,) ?ro;ect useF

Human rights have 8ecome one of the most pressing an& intracta/le matters o( political li(e an&

per"aps e%en of life as such.


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Ans%ers )o3 Security should 8e prioritied over human rights 022

0JJ

0JJ All forms of violence can 8e


50/70

Immigration Surveillance Affirmative +A,'- 2$1(16

Ans%ers to3 &rime 'isadvantage

Immigration enforcement increases crime0JJ

0JJ 'eportation ma=es crime %orse

+ational &ouncil of -a !aa? 2$$6 State an& ocal ?olice #n(orcement o( e&eral mmigration

aws: A Tool Jit (or A&%ocates "ttp:EEwww.nilc.orgE&ocument."tmlOi&P,.F

If police 8ecome immigration agents? %ord %ill spread li=e %ildfire among ne%comers t"at anycontact wit" police coul& mean &eportation (or t"emsel%es or t"eir (amily mem/ers. Immigrants %ill

decline to report crimes or suspicious activity and criminals %ill see them as easy prey?

ma=ing our streets less safe as a result. #4perience s"ows t"at this fear %ill e:tend not only to

contact %ith police? 8ut also %ith the fire department? hospitals? and the pu8lic school system .

T"e egislation 2n&ermines National Security Security e:perts and la% enforcement agree that

good intelligence and strong relationships are the =eys to =eeping our nation an& our streets

sa(e. 2n&er t"is legislation foreign nationals %ho might other%ise 8e helpful to security

investigations %ill 8e reluctant to come for%ard? for fear of immigration conse@uences . If

immigrant communities are alienated rather than em8raced? local la% enforcement losesimportant relationships t"at can lea& to in(ormation t"ey mig"t not ot"erwise "a%e access to. T"eegislation


51/70




0JJ ocusing on immigration distracts la% enforcement from dealing %ith crime

+guyen and /ill? hdFs at ,+&&hapel Hill? 2$1( nterior immigration en(orcement: T"e impacts o(

e4pan&ing local law en(orcement aut"ority

planning.unc.e&uEpeopleE(acultyEmainguyenEnteriormmigration#n(orcementR2r/anStu&$*15Nguyen**$*)8*15'3*$).p&(

Some scholars argue that the ina8ility of la% enforcers to identify and trac= unauthorised

individuals e:poses the country to homeland security an& pu/lic sa(ety ris=s. T"ey con- ten&

t"at /roa&ening t"e aut"ority o( state an& local law en(orcers e4pan&s interior en(orcement territory

an& creates a ^(orce multiplier@ e((ect especially since state an& local law en(orcers are typically (irstrespon- &ers to pu/lic sa(ety an& terrorist t"reats Ho%ever 2#g may create competing

o8 Nguyen an& Gill $*1*> Nguyen an&Gill $*1*> 2ni%ersity o( Nort" Carolina at C"apel !ill an& t"e American Ci%il i/erties 2nion $**)>


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0JJ 'eportations 8ac=fire and only produce more crime

-ope? &onnel? and &raul? )ime Staff Criters? 2$$( +7#+T I. ?#H +C! CNN# AND

C!+S J+A2 Gang 2ses Deportation to ts A&%antage to louris" in 2.S

"ttp:EEwww.latimes.comElocalEla-me-gang3*oct3*-story."tmlWpageP1

5ut a deportation policy aimed in part at 8rea=ing up a -os Angeles street gang has 8ac=fired

and helped spread it across &entral America and 8ac= into other parts of the ,nited States.

+e%ly organied cells in El Salvador have returned to esta8lish strongholds in metropolitan


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Immigration Surveillance ma=es fighting crime harder 0JJ

0JJ Immigration surveillance and deportation decreases trust 8et%een immigrant

communities and la% enforcement and this ma=es it more difficult to com8at crime.

errell r.? 'eputy 'irector of the Houston olice 'epartment? 2$$4

Craig #. mmigration #n(orcement: s t a ocal ssueO www.policec"ie(maga0ine.orgEmaga0ineEin&e4.c(mO( useactionP&isplayRarc"QarticleRi&P$$QissueRi&P$$**F

Immigration enforcement /y state an& local police could have a chilling effect in immigrant

communities and could limit cooperation %ith police 8y mem8ers of those communities. ocal

police agencies depend on the cooperation of immigrants legal an& illegal in sol%ing all sorts o(

crimes an& in t"e maintenance o( pu/lic or&er . Cithout assurances that they %ill not 8e su8


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Immigration Surveillance ma=es fighting crime harder 0JJ

0JJ Surveillance causes immigrants to distrust the police ma=ing it harder to investigate

criminal organiations.

-atino 'aily +e%s 2$1"

New Stu&y: Nearly !al( o( atinos ess iely to +eport Crime Due to mmigration ears"ttp:EEwww."ispanicallyspeaingnews.comElatino-&aily-newsE&etailsEnew-stu&y-nearly-"al(-o(-latinos-

less-liely-to-report-crime-&ue-to-immigraE$33)EF

T"eir report nsecure Communities: atino ?erceptions o( ?olice n%ol%ement in mmigration

#n(orcement (oun& t"at programs lie Secure Communities that use local la% enforcement

agencies as pro:ies for immigration enforcement lead to a gro%ing mistrust of the policean& a &isinclination to report crimes. Among t"e (in&ings o( t"e stu&y: 44M of respondents reported

they are less li=ely to contact police officers if they have 8een a victim of a crime for fear t"ey

or someone they =no% %ill 8e as=ed a8out their immigration status 4(M of respondentsindicated they are less li=ely to voluntarily offer information a8out crimes they =no% have

8een committed 8ecause they are afraid the police officers will as t"em or someone t"ey nowa/out t"eir immigration status 4"M of respondents feel less safe 8ecause local la%

enforcement is more involved in immigration enforcementB "#M of respondents feel afraid to

leave their home 8ecause local la% enforcement officials are more involved in immigrationenforcement As Dr. Ni T"eo&ore a 2ni%ersity o( llinois-C"icago pro(essor an& t"e aut"or o( t"e

stu&y sai&: )he decision to enlist police in immigration enforcement has driven a %edge8et%een police and -atino communities. )he increased involvement of police in immigration

enforcement has significantly heightened the fears many -atinos have of the police? leading to

a mistrust of la% enforcement authorities and a reduction in pu8lic safety.


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'ata lin=ing Immigration to &rime *isleading0JJ

0JJ Statistics surrounding immigration and crime are misleading 8ecause they la8el those

%ho have gone to


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Immigration Enforcement does not prevent terrorism0JJ

0JJ Enforcing harsh restrictions on individuals %ho %ant to immigrate to the ,nited States

does nothing to prevent terrorism.

/ris%old? assistant director of trade policy studies at the &ato Institute? 2$$1 Danie Griswal&

Don@t 7lame mmigrants (or Terrorism "ttp:EEwww.cato.orgEpu/licationsEcommentaryE&ont-/lame-immigrants-terrorismF

ong-time septics o( immigration inclu&ing ?at 7uc"anan an& t"e e&eration (or American

mmigration +e(orm "a%e trie& in recent &ays to turn t"ose legitimate concerns a/out security into a

general argument against openness to immigration. 7ut immigration and 8order control are t%odistinct issues. 5order control is a8out %ho %e allo% to enter the country w"et"er on a

temporary or permanent /asisP immigration is a8out %hom %e allo% to stay and settle

permanently. Immigrants are only a small su8set of the total num8er of foreigners %ho enterthe ,nited States every year. Accor&ing to t"e 2.S. mmigration an& Naturali0ation Ser%ice 351

million aliens were a&mitte& t"roug" NS ports o( entry in (iscal year $*** nearly a million entries a&ay. T"at total inclu&es in&i%i&uals w"o mae multiple entries (or e4ample tourists an& /usiness

tra%elers wit" temporary %isas an& aliens w"o "ol& /or&er-crossing car&s t"at allow t"em to

commute /ac an& (ort" eac" wee (rom Cana&a an& e4ico. T"e ma;ority o( aliens w"o enter t"e

2nite& States return to t"eir "omelan& a(ter a (ew &ays wees or mont"s. !educing the num8er of

people %e allo% to reside permanently in the ,nited States %ould do nothing to protect usfrom terrorists %ho do not come here to settle 8ut to plot and commit violent acts. An& closing

our 8orders to those %ho come here temporarily %ould cause a huge economic disruption 8y

denying entry to millions of people %ho come to the ,nited States each year for la%ful?peaceful 0and temporary purposes. t woul& /e a national s"ame i( in t"e name o( security we

were to close t"e &oor to immigrants w"o come "ere to wor an& /uil& a /etter li(e (or t"emsel%esan& t"eir (amilies. ie t"e Statue o( i/erty t"e


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Immigration funding trades off %ith terrorism prevention6RR

0JJ )he money %asted on enforcing immigration la%s trades off %ith money to com8at

terrorism.

7pen 5orders? proimmigration advocacy group? 2$1( R)errorism?"ttp:EEopen/or&ers.in(oEterrorismE

)he a8sence of legal migration channels is responsi8le for large scale illegal immigration?%hich diverts la% enforcement resources to com8ating it3 )his includes large scale illegal

immigration along the southern ,S*e:ico 8order. 5y allo%ing more legal migration flo%s?

security agencies could focus on genuine terrorist threats rather than trying to =eep out

peaceful %or=ers. +ote that despite the large scale illegal immigration? there have 8een almost

no instances of terrorists smuggling themselves across the southern 8order of the ,nitedStates. All terrorist attac=s in the ,S carried out 8y foreigners have 8een carried out 8y legal

immigrants? tourists? or people on nonimmigrant visas? including some %ho overstayed their

visas.

http://openborders.info/terrorism/http://openborders.info/terrorism/


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Immigration Enforcement does not prevent terrorism e:tensions0JJ

0JJ )here is no lin= 8et%een immigrants and terrorismP immigrants are less li=ely to commit

violent crimes than the general population.!um8aut et al? *igration olicy Institute? 2$$6 +u/]n G. +um/aut +o/erto G. Gon0ales Golna0Jomaie an& C"arlie M. organ De/uning t"e yt" o( mmigrant Criminality: mprisonment Among

irst- an& Secon&-Generation oung en "ttp:EEwww.migrationpolicy.orgEarticleE&e/uning-myt"-

immigrant-criminality-imprisonment-among-(irst-an&-secon&-generation-youngF

)his association flourishes in a post911 climate of fear and ignorance %here terrorism and

losing control of our 8orders are often mentioned in the same 8reath i( %ithout any

evidence to 8ac= them up. 7ut correlation is not causation. n (act immigrants have the lo%est

rates of imprisonment for criminal convictions in American society. 7ot" t"e national an& local-

le%el (in&ings presente& "ere turn con%entional wis&om on its "ea& an& present a c"allenge tocriminological t"eory as well as to sociological perspecti%es on Bstraig"t-line assimilation.B or e%ery

et"nic group wit"out e4ception t"e census &ata s"ow an increase in rates o( criminal incarceration

among young men (rom t"e (oreign-/orn to t"e 2.S.-/orn generations an& o%er time in t"e 2nite&

States among t"e (oreign /orn e4actly t"e opposite o( w"at is typically assume& /ot" /y stan&ar&

t"eories an& /y pu/lic opinion on immigration an& crime. ?ara&o4ically ? incarceration rates are

lo%est among immigrant young men? even among the least educated and the least

acculturated among them /ut t"ey increase s"arply among t"e 2.S. /orn an& acculturate& secon&

generation especially among t"e least e&ucate& e%i&ence o( &ownwar& assimilation t"at parallels

patterns o/ser%e& (or marginali0e& nati%e minorities.


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Immigration Enforcement does not prevent terrorism e:tensions0JJ

0JJ )here is no lin= 8et%een terrorism and the crossing of the ,.S 8order.

Ste%art? special agent %ith the ,.S. State 'epartment for 1$ years? 2$14

Scott super%ises Strat(ors analysis o( terrorism an& security issues #4amining t"e Terrorist T"reat(rom Americas Sout"ern 7or&er "ttps:EEwww.strat(or.comEweelyEe4amining-terrorist-t"reat-americas-

sout"ern-/or&erF

!owe%er ? an e:amination of all


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Immigration Enforcement does not prevent terrorism e:tensions

0JJ

0JJ )he individuals %ho committed 911 entered the country legallyP deporting undocumented

immigrants %ould do nothing to prevent a terrorist attac=.

)utasig? &ommittee on ,.S. -atin American !elation? 2$14

Al/aro G+ATN: A NATNA S#C2+T T!+#ATO

"ttp:EEcuslar.orgE$*1E*)E*8Eimmigration-a-national-secuirty-t"reatEF

t"ers claim t"at the connection 8et%een immigration and terrorism is a constructed an&

perceived threat rat"er t"an a real o/;ecti%e &anger. ohn *ueller aut"or o( s T"ere Still a

Terrorist T"reatO: T"e yt" o( t"e mnipresent #nemy? argues that the a8sence of terroristattac=s in the ,nited States is not a result of increased 8order control and stricter immigration

policies? and that the threat of immigrants as terrorists has 8een e:aggerated . 'aniel /ris%oldof the &ato Institute argues that terrorist attac=s 8y foreigners are not a result of li8eral

immigration policies? 8ut are a result of failure to =eep out the small num8er of foreigners %ho

do pose a threat. n "is analysis ining mmigrants an& Terrorists: T"e 2se o( mmigration as an

Anti-Terror ?olicy Ale:ander Spencer argues that there is rarely a clear distinction 8et%een an

immigrantB and a foreigner?B noting that those responsi8le for the Septem8er 11 attac=s%ere not immigrants? 8ut rather people %ho entered the ,nited States %ith temporary visas .

ulia )allmeister aut"or o( s mmigration a T"reat to SecurityU? points out that politicians and the

media have managed to stir up hostility to%ards immigrants? legal and undocumented? andtherefore create a connection 8et%een immigration and terrorismG


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)errorism 'isadvantage3 Impact Ans%ers0JJ

0JJ )here is no lin= 8et%een terrorism and the crossing of the ,.S 8order.

Ste%art? special agent %ith the ,.S. State 'epartment for 1$ years? 2$14

Scott super%ises Strat(ors analysis o( terrorism an& security issues #4amining t"e Terrorist T"reat(rom Americas Sout"ern 7or&er "ttps:EEwww.strat(or.comEweelyEe4amining-terrorist-t"reat-americas-

sout"ern-/or&erF

!owe%er ? an e:amination of all


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'!EA* Act does not solve immigration issues

0JJ )he '!EA* Act fails 8ecause it ties citienship to higher education %hen many

immigrants cannot afford to go to college'oyle? Elon ,niversity? 2$1" Iac Doyle T"e Dream Act: A lawe& ?atc" (or t"e Crace& an&

?ot"ole-ille& +oa& to Citi0ens"ip "ttp:EEwww.elon.e&uEe-we/Eaca&emicsEwritingR

e4cellenceEcontestEContest$*#ntry$*Doyle$*+esearc"$*#ssay.4"tmlF

)he '!EA* Act favors t"e c"il&ren o( t"ose w"o came to t"e 2nite& States (or e&ucational

purposes /y maing education a re@uirement for citienship Z a re9uirement most liely to /e met

/y t"ose wit" "ig"er G?As an& a greater moti%ation to pursue e&ucation. It provides no means 8y

%hich employment or s=ill can gain an immigrant child citienship. T"is /ias lea&s to certain

c"il&ren "a%ing an easier pat" to citi0ens"ip t"an ot"ers w"ic" mig"t lea& to some c"il&ren notgaining citi0ens"ip an& remaining illegal. As a result t"e 2.S. woul& lose %alua/le potential citi0ens

an& "a%e to support more illegal immigrants t"an i( t"e D+#A Act "a& no /ias. ( t"e 2nite& Stateswants to grant citi0ens"ip to t"ose w"o are most willing to wor "ar& /ecome sille& la/orers an& /e

economic assets to t"e country it nee&s to pro%i&e options (or c"il&ren o( moti%ate& immigrants w"o

mig"t (ocus on somet"ing ot"er t"an e&ucation.


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'!EA* Act does not solve immigration issues e:tensions0JJJ

0JJ )he '!EA* Act still provides no financial support and does not grant residency meaning

that undocumented youth are still at ris= of deportation.

'emocracy +o%X 2$1$ De/ate: s D+#A Act a Solution (or illions o( 2n&ocumente& out" or a

unnel (or ilitary +ecruitmentO "ttp:EEwww.&emocracynow.orgE$*1*E8E$*E&e/ateRisR&reamRactRaRsolutionF

)he '!EA* Act also does not allo% undocumented youth? %ho have applied to the '!EA*

Act and %ho @ualify for the '!EA* Act? to get ell /rants or to get any =ind of federal8ased

scholarships G only loans and %or= study? %hich is not sufficient to cover tuition. T"e military

"as t"e ontgomery G 7ill. T"e military t"roug" t"e National Guar& an& t"e +eser%es "as tuitionwai%ers. )he '!EA* Act does not include anything along the lines of financial sta8ility?

anything along the lines of healthcare? anything along the lines of housing? w"ereas t"e military

"as all o( t"ese t"ings t"at it@s in a position to o((er to t"e %ast ma;ority o( t"ese '5*** stu&ents w"o

gra&uate e%ery year to say BCome o%er "ere.


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'!EA* Act does not solve immigration issues e:tensions0JJJ

0JJ Qery fe% students @ualify for the '!EA* Act

5atara Immigration -a% 2$1( T"e D+#A Act +eality: Not All mmigrant Stu&ents _uali(y

"ttp:EEwww./ataraimmigrationlaw.comEri%ersi&e-san-/ernar&ino-&ream-act."tmlF

T"e D+#A Act +eality: +ot All Immigrant Students Wualify ost o( t"e pu/lic &iscussion on t"e

D+#A Act "as (ocuse& on stu&ents w"o are at t"e top o( t"eir classes. At local sc"ools Z lie

Cali(ornia State 2ni%ersity San 7ernar&ino 2ni%ersity o( Cali(ornia at +i%ersi&e an& Cali(ornia State

2ni%ersity San Diego Z t"e D+#A Act "as recei%e& strong support (rom stu&ents (aculty an&

a&ministrators. 7ut t"ere is anot"er 9uite &isappointing si&e to t"e D+#A Act. *any immigrantstudents %ill not 8e a8le to meet the strict '!EA* Act re@uirements. A recent study

conducted 8y the *igration olicy Institute? an independent? nonpartisan? nonprofit thin= tan=

dedicated to the study of the movement of people %orld%ide? noted that only "#M of theimmigrant children? %ho might technically @ualify for the '!EA* Act? %ill attain legal

immigration status. Contrary to t"e arguments o( immigration opponents t"is stu&y &emonstratest"at t"e D+#A Act is not a ru//er stamp amnesty. Alt"oug" c"anges are still liely "ere is t"e

currently propose& process (or t"e D+#A Act: irst Step: Immigrant children must sho% that

they entered the ,nited States 8efore they %ere 16 years old lived here for five years 8eforethe date %hen the '!EA* Act 8ecomes la% and on the date %hen the '!EA* Act 8ecomes

la% graduated from a high school or earned a /E' diploma? or "a%e /een accepte& into aninstitution o( "ig"er e&ucation 6i.e. college must /e /etween t"e ages o( 1$ an& 35 at t"e time o(

application "a%e not committe& any crimes an& possess goo& moral c"aracter . Applicants %ill also

need to pay a hefty penalty fee and demonstrate fluency in English. ( t"ey can (ul(ill t"ese

re9uirements t"ey will /e grante& con&itional permanent resi&ence (or si4 years.

http://www.bataraimmigrationlaw.com/riverside-san-bernardino-dream-act.htmlhttp://www.migrationpolicy.org/http://www.bataraimmigrationlaw.com/dream-act-not-immigration-amnesty.htmlhttp://www.bataraimmigrationlaw.com/riverside-san-bernardino-dream-act.htmlhttp://www.migrationpolicy.org/http://www.bataraimmigrationlaw.com/dream-act-not-immigration-amnesty.html


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'!EA* Act harms immigrants *ilitary !ecruitment 012

1. )he '!EA* Act %ill 8e used to e:ploit poor immigrant youth into


66/70



'!EA* Act harms immigrants *ilitary !ecruitment 022

2. &oercing young immigrants into the military is 8ad 8ecause it leads to people of color

8eing overrepresented in terms of military recruitment and fatalities./onale? h' student in &ultural oundations of Education at Syracuse ,niversity? 2$14artin Al/erto Goo& (or w"oO: An e4amination o( t"e D+#A Act using an interest con%ergence

lens "ttps:EEmrpere0.e4pressions.syr.e&uEimmigrationEgalleryEt"e-sc"oolEgon0ale0EF

,nfortunately? the more undocumented immigrants are recruited into the military? the more

li=ely it is for undocumented immigrants to lose their lives %hile in search of their ,Scitienship. Even though undocumented immigrants only ma=e up a8out " percent of all

military personnel on active duty? they account for a disproportionate amount of casualties? at

# percent 07uena%ista $*1$. n a&&ition sc"olars 6Jiang 1))1> ariscal $**, $**> +ue( et al.

$*** "a%e (oun& t"at not only were soldiers of color more li=ely to 8e sent to com8at? 8ut they

also suffer from serious and detrimental com8atrelated disorders such as posttraumaticstress disorder at higher rates than their %hite counterparts. As "istory "as s"own enlisting

and serving in the military %ill not guarantee anything for undocumented immigrants>

t"ere(ore 7uena%ista an& Gon0ales 6$*11 recommen&e& t"at t"ere s"oul& /e a remo%al o( t"e

military pro%isions in t"e D+#A Act to re&uce t"e %ulnera/ility o( un&ocumente& immigrants to

military ser%ice an& premature &eat" 6p. 35. T"us t"e /ene(its t"at t"e 2S will reap i( t"e military

pro%ision in t"e D+#A Act is le(t as is will outweig" t"e /ene(its 6along wit" pressure stress an&lieli"oo& o( &eat" o( un&ocumente& immigrants.


67/70



'!EA* Act does not prevent deportation

0JJ )he '!EA* Act does not protect immigrant families from deportation.

)a8o? heads the &enter for -egal edagogy at )e:as Southern ,niversity? 2$1" Tamara Ta/o

T"e mpossi/le D+#A 6Act:


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69/70



'!EA* Act does not prevent surveillance0JJ

0JJ '!EA* Act fails 8ecause immigration surveillance can happen as early as childhood

a8st? reporter at *il%au=ee ournal Sentinel? 2$$# Georgia ?a/st Agents accuse& o( using

!ea& Start to trac immigrants "ttp:EEwww.c"ron.comEnewsEarticleEAgents-accuse&-o(-using-!ea&-

Start-to-trac-1,,$,$1.p"pF

Immigration enforcement officials are no% targeting migrant and seasonal Head Start centers

in some states as part of efforts to trac= do%n illegal immigrants? the e:ecutive director of the+ational *igrant and Seasonal Head Start Association says. %ette Sanc"e0 presi&ent o( t"e


70/70


Ans%ers to3 &rime 'isadvantagesaid. *igrant and seasonal Head Start programs serve children from 6 months to school age

and also provide a variety of health and transportation services.

Documents

ImmigrationSurveillance_AFF_2015CoreFile.docx