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Immigration
Women Workers
• 18% of Labor Force• Most domestic servants• Paid less than men• Mary Harris Jones “Mother Jones”• Women’s Trade Union League WTUL
Europeans Flood into America
• 1865 to 1914 “New Immigration”• 25,000• Reasons why immigrants left– Famine, Poor European Economies, Oppertunities
in US, Religious Persecution
Atlantic Voyage
• Most immigrants poor• Steam Ships• Steerage: Cheapest accommodations on a
steam ship• Dirty, nasty, cramped
Ellis Island and Angel Island
• Immigrants coming to America was processed at one of the two before being allowed into the country
• Ellis Island- immigrants coming from Europe• Angel Island – Immigrants coming from Asia• Many Experience Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
• Denis Kearny, Irish Immigrant himself• No Chinese Immigrants for 10 years• Chinese Immigrants living in US can’t become
citizens• Causes issues with Japan
Migration to the cities
• US cities grow after Civil War. Why?– Immigrants cant afford farms– Better paying jobs
• Cities forced to build upward not outward – Skyscrapers– Louis Sullivan designed many of them
Separation by Classes
• Lived in different sections of the city• High Society • Middle-Class Gentility– Doctors, lawyers, engineers, moved from city
center and took advantage of commuter rails• The Working Class– Tenements (apartment buildings_
Urban Issues
• Crime, Poverty, Pollution• How the Other Half Lives• Political Machines – gained and kept political
power– Party Bosses: provided services but for a price
• George Plunkitt• Tammany Hall– William “Boss” Tweed, NY, received prison sentence