Immigrants and Urbanization

Immigrants and Urbanization

1The Statue of LibertyWas given to the U.S. by France to celebrate their 100 years of American Independence from Great Britain.President Grover Cleveland officially dedicated it on October 28, 1886.

2The New ImmigrantsMain IdeaImmigration from Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and Mexico reached a new high in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Why it Matters NowThis wave of immigration helped make the United States the diverse society it is today.3The New ImmigrantsFrom which parts of the world did immigrants come to the U.S?Europe-Italy, Hungary, & Russia;Japan and China; Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Mexico.For what reason did they journey to America?Religious persecution, rising populations, jobs, some searched for gold.Birds of Passage-temporary stay, then return home

4Through the Golden Door5Life in the New LandWhat difficulties did immigrants face on their journey to the United States?Immigrants crowded together in steerage on ships. They were unable to exercise or catch a breath of fresh air. Disease would spread quickly and many immigrants died before they reached their destinations.

6Life in the New Land

7ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR

ANGEL ISLAND WAS CONSIDERED MORE HARSH THAN ELLIS ISLANDImmigration RestrictionsHow did the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Gentlemens Agreement limit Asian immigration?The Chinese Exclusion Act banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. In the Gentlemens Agreement, Japans government agreed to limit immigration of unskilled workers to the U.S., in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order.

10FRICTION DEVELOPS While some immigrants tried to assimilate into American culture, others kept to themselves and created ethnic communitiesCommitted to their own culture, but also trying hard to become Americans, many came to think of themselves as Italian-Americans, Polish-Americans, Chinese-Americans, etcSome native born Americans disliked the immigrants unfamiliar customs and languages friction soon developed

Chinatowns are found in many major citiesImmigration Restrictions

12Immigration RestrictionsNativismPrescott Hall-Immigration Restriction LeagueGerman, Scandanavian, and British1896- Immigration Restriction LeagueRequired literacy testsPres. Cleveland vetoed the billAnti-AsianDenis Kearney-Workingmens Party

1321st Century DiversityIn 2000 the U.S. population was 71% Caucasian, 12% African American, 12% Hispanic, 4% Asian, and around 1% Native American.By 2050- 53% Caucasian, 13% African American, 9% Asian, and 1% Native Americans.The greatest increase is expected for Hispanics, who will account for almost 25% of the U.S.14 Causes Effects1.2. 3.Immigrants leaveTheir home countries1.2.3.Immigrants face hardships in the U.S.1.2.3.Some nativistsWant to restrictimmigration15Jacob RiisStudy the photograph for 2 minutes. Form an overall impression of the photograph and then examine individual items. Next, divide the photo into quadrants and study each section to see what new details become visible.

Based on what you have observed above, list three things you might infer from this photograph.1.2.3.

What questions does this photograph raise in your mind?

PeopleObjectsActivitiesFinal Thoughts

Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?Homework: Due TuesdayFind stories of immigration or the experiences of recent immigrants to U.S. that you have heard or read about. Create a presentation of these stories. Use pictures, text, or sound to represent the stories. 17The Challenges of UrbanizationMain IdeaThe rapid growth of cities forced people to contend with problems of housing transportation, water, and sanitationWhy it Matters NowConsequently, residents of U.S. cities today enjoy vastly improved living conditions18Urban OpportunitiesWhy did many immigrants settle in the nations cities?Cities were cheaper and cities offered jobs.

19Urban Opportunities20Urban ProblemsWhat were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?Housing was overcrowded and cramp. Sanitation and plumbing were problems.

21Urban Problems

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23PHOTOGRAPHER JACOB RIIS CAPTURED IMAGES OF THE CITY

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis

Jacob RiisSettlement Houses

31Reformers MobilizeSettlement House MovementSocial Gospel Movement- salvation through service of the poorSettlement houses-community centers in poor areas.Ran by college educated women.Jane Addams and Ellen Star GatesHull House (1889)- ChicagoJamie Porter BarrettLocust St. Social Settlement (1890)-Hampton, VA1910- more than 400 settlement houses.

32Challenges of UrbanizationDescribe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there.Explain how cities dealt with housing, transportation, sanitation, and safety issues. Describe some of the organizations and people who offered help to urban immigrants. 33Politics in the Gilded AgeMain IdeaLocal and national political corruption in the 19th century led to calls for reform.Why it Matters NowPolitical reforms paved the way for a more honest and efficient government in the 20th century and beyond.34The Emergence of Political MachinesWhy did machine politics become common in big cities in the late 19th century?The growing need for city services and the large number of immigrants required a new power structure.

3536Municipal Graft and ScandalWhat means did many political machines use to maintain power?Political machines took kickbacks or illegal payments for their services, enriched the political machines. They also granted favors to businesses in return for cash and accepted bribes to allow illegal activities.

37Emergence of Political Machines38Gilded Age Political CorruptionIllegal payments for servicesVote numerous timesOffering $ or service for illegal activityIllegal use of political influence for political gainSpoils System- giving govt jobs to help get a candidate elected; Stalwarts;Pendleton Civil Service ActMunicipal Graft and ScandalThe Tweed Ring ScandalWilliam Tweed Boss TweedHead of Tammany HallDefrauded the cityNew York County Courthouse$13 Million, actual cost $3 millionThomas NastExposed Tweed for wrong doing.Political cartoons

40Civil Service Replaces PatronageWhat government problems arose as a result of patronage?Inefficiency, fraud, and imcompetence

41Thomas Nast

Nast shows Tweed's source of power: control of the ballot box. "As long as I count the Votes, what are you going to do about it Nast depicts the Tweed Ring: "Who stole the pople's money?" / "'Twas him."

Civil Service Replaces Patronage

43Business Buys InfluenceHarrison, Cleveland, and High TariffsBig business hoped for protectionDemocratic party opposed high tariffs.

44Business Buys InfluenceSummarize the views of Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on tariffs.Cleveland wanted to reduce tariffs; Harrison wanted to keep them high.45Final Thoughts46Todays AgendaTest Today!! Unit I Exam: The Gilded Age and the WestPlace all notes and worksheets in the following order:Ch.10 VocabularyCh.10 Section 1-Immigration/Ch.10 Section 2- UrbanizationWorksheet- Immigration FactsWorksheet-Industry and Urban GrowthCh.10 Section 3- Politics of the Gilded Age/Political CartoonFollowing the test, pick up the Building Vocabulary for Progressive Era