Immigration and Urbanization. “New Immigrants” Old immigrants moved from Germany and Ireland Old immigrants moved from Germany and Ireland “New Immigrants”

Immigration and Immigration and UrbanizationUrbanization

““New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants””

Old immigrants Old immigrants moved from Germany moved from Germany and Irelandand Ireland

““New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants”” came from Eastern came from Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Europe, and ChinaEurope, and China

Unskilled, poor, Unskilled, poor, Catholic/Jewish, Catholic/Jewish, settled in citiessettled in cities Most came from Italy, Poland, Greece,

Russia, or Hungary

Push FactorsPush Factors

What pushed these What pushed these people out of their people out of their countries?countries? Farmers forced off Farmers forced off

their landtheir land War and RevolutionWar and Revolution Religious persecution, Religious persecution,

like the Jews of like the Jews of Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Pull FactorsPull Factors

What is pulling people What is pulling people to America?to America? Land and employmentLand and employment OpportunityOpportunity

Homestead Act was Homestead Act was cheap, affordable landcheap, affordable land

Railroads gave cheap Railroads gave cheap fares for people moving fares for people moving westwest

All sorts of new jobs All sorts of new jobs were needed in RR, oil, were needed in RR, oil, steel businessessteel businesses

Arrival in AmericaArrival in America

Ellis IslandEllis Island In New York HarborIn New York Harbor Needed: Proof of Needed: Proof of

skills, money, health skills, money, health recordsrecords

Legal and medical Legal and medical inspections carried outinspections carried out

Only 2% denied Only 2% denied entrance entrance

Angel IslandAngel Island

In San Francisco BayIn San Francisco Bay Who?: Who?: Chinese and other Asian immigrantsChinese and other Asian immigrants Used as a Used as a quarantine island for immigrantsquarantine island for immigrants Suspicions Suspicions often meant they were held for weeks or often meant they were held for weeks or

even months in poor conditionseven months in poor conditions

Challenges for ImmigrantsChallenges for Immigrants Assimilation: To Assimilation: To

absorb one culture absorb one culture into another (To make into another (To make these immigrants these immigrants ““AmericanizedAmericanized””

Settlement houses Settlement houses aimed at teaching aimed at teaching English and American English and American customscustoms

Most moved into Most moved into cities with others from cities with others from their culture, holding their culture, holding to their traditionsto their traditions

Immigrants Face HostilityImmigrants Face Hostility

Competition for jobs and housing fueled Competition for jobs and housing fueled resentment against immigrantsresentment against immigrants

Many mad at immigrants for working for Many mad at immigrants for working for low wageslow wages

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)- prohibited Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)- prohibited immgration of Chinese laborers, limited immgration of Chinese laborers, limited civil rights of Chinesecivil rights of Chinese

Importance of ImmigrantsImportance of Immigrants

Their labor fueled Their labor fueled economic growtheconomic growth

Their traditions Their traditions contribute to contribute to American culture…American culture…examples?examples?

They They built RRbuilt RR’’s and s and worked in minesworked in mines

Section 2: Cities ExpandSection 2: Cities Expand Urbanization: The Urbanization: The

increase in the number of increase in the number of people living and working people living and working in citiesin cities

Immigrants, ex-farmers, Immigrants, ex-farmers, etc attracted by jobsetc attracted by jobs

Middle class/educated Middle class/educated also had job opportunities also had job opportunities herehere

Offered more Offered more entertainmententertainment

Transportation made it Transportation made it easy to get to the citieseasy to get to the cities

Who lives in the city?Who lives in the city?

40% of the cities were made up of 40% of the cities were made up of immigrantsimmigrants

Ex-FarmersEx-Farmers looking for jobs looking for jobsAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americans on a smaller scale on a smaller scale

Technology Improves City LifeTechnology Improves City Life

SkyscrapersSkyscrapers Built from steel, they Built from steel, they

provide office space provide office space efficientlyefficiently

Elisha Otis developed Elisha Otis developed the elevatorthe elevator, so now , so now buildings could go buildings could go higherhigher

Rise of architectureRise of architecture as a professionas a profession

Technology Improves City LifeTechnology Improves City Life

Mass Transit – A Mass Transit – A public transportation public transportation system taking people system taking people in and out of the cities in and out of the cities at low costat low cost Electric Cable Car Electric Cable Car

became the most became the most popular methodpopular method

To avoid congestion, To avoid congestion, subway system subway system invented invented

The SuburbsThe Suburbs

As cities became more As cities became more crowded, the wealthier crowded, the wealthier wanted to move outwanted to move out

They built houses in the They built houses in the cleaner and quieter cleaner and quieter outskirts of the outskirts of the city...called the suburbscity...called the suburbs

They could afford mass They could afford mass transit every day, poorer transit every day, poorer remain in the city remain in the city because they could notbecause they could not

City DesignCity Design

Cities began to Cities began to carefully design their carefully design their spacespace

Industrial zones, Industrial zones, financial districts, financial districts, residencies, parks, residencies, parks, etcetc

City DesignCity Design

Parks developed to Parks developed to deal with urban deal with urban growthgrowth

These protect water These protect water supply in the city from supply in the city from pollutionpollution

Provide recreation Provide recreation and cheap escape and cheap escape from city lifefrom city life

Urbanization Causes ProblemsUrbanization Causes Problems

Housing was Housing was overcrowded in the overcrowded in the tenementstenements

These are low cost These are low cost multifamily structuresmultifamily structures

Sanitation a major Sanitation a major problemproblem


Streets crowded and Streets crowded and loaded with filthloaded with filth

Food, human waste, Food, human waste, trash, etctrash, etc

Disease easily spread Disease easily spread herehere

City planners City planners improved sewage, improved sewage, trash disposal, etctrash disposal, etc


Most structures built Most structures built of wood, which was a of wood, which was a fire hazardfire hazard

Chicago burned down Chicago burned down in 1871in 1871

This leads city This leads city planners to form planners to form professional fire professional fire fighting teamsfighting teams


City streets City streets dangerous, especially dangerous, especially at nightat night

Workers were forced Workers were forced to be out at this timeto be out at this time

City begins hiring City begins hiring professional police professional police forces to help prevent forces to help prevent crimecrime

Social and Cultural TrendsSocial and Cultural Trends

Americans Become ConsumersAmericans Become Consumers

As more people are As more people are making more money, making more money, they are buying more they are buying more productsproducts

This is known as This is known as consumerismconsumerism

This buying power This buying power makes the US very makes the US very wealthywealthy

Advertising Attracts CustomersAdvertising Attracts Customers

Department stores, Department stores, like Macylike Macy’’s, make s, make their first appearancetheir first appearance

Catalogs and Catalogs and advertisement in advertisement in newspapers increasenewspapers increase

Brand names and Brand names and logos becoming logos becoming increasingly importantincreasingly important

Some Achieve Higher Standards of Some Achieve Higher Standards of LivingLiving

Indoor PlumbingIndoor Plumbing More expensive More expensive

clothingclothing Public transportationPublic transportation

All of these are All of these are symbols of an symbols of an increased standard of increased standard of livingliving

Many had to work Many had to work more to more to ““keep up with keep up with the Jonesthe Jones’”’”

Spread of Mass CultureSpread of Mass Culture Mass culture is spread Mass culture is spread

through newspapersthrough newspapers William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst Published Published Morning Morning

JournalJournal Sensationalistic writings Sensationalistic writings

that exposed corrupt that exposed corrupt politics, had comics, politics, had comics, sportssports

Designed to attract Designed to attract readers, not just report readers, not just report newsnews

Literature and the Arts FlourishLiterature and the Arts Flourish

Mark Twain wrote Mark Twain wrote about the about the ““Gilded AgeGilded Age”” This term displayed US This term displayed US

society as gold on the society as gold on the outside, but with major outside, but with major problems on the insideproblems on the inside

This term defines how This term defines how the US Big Business is the US Big Business is flourishing, but there is flourishing, but there is much to be improvedmuch to be improved

Literature and the Arts FlourishLiterature and the Arts FlourishStephen CraneStephen Crane

Wrote about the harsh realities of the timesWrote about the harsh realities of the timesMaggie: A Girl of the StreetsMaggie: A Girl of the Streets

EducationEducation

Public education became much more Public education became much more popularpopular

Grade school education compulsory, Grade school education compulsory, kindergarten helped working motherskindergarten helped working mothers

By 1900, literacy rate at 1900By 1900, literacy rate at 1900HBCUHBCU’’s increasing for African Americanss increasing for African Americans

New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment

Amusement ParksAmusement Parks Coney Island and the Coney Island and the

rollercoaster became rollercoaster became instant favoritesinstant favorites

Provided cheap Provided cheap entertainment and entertainment and located near citieslocated near cities


Wild West ShowsWild West Shows ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” toured toured

America, bringing the America, bringing the West into the citiesWest into the cities

Annie Oakley, Sitting Annie Oakley, Sitting BullBull

Shooting, riding, stunts Shooting, riding, stunts performedperformed


Silent FilmsSilent Films Called Called ““NickelodeonsNickelodeons””

because it cost a because it cost a nickelnickel

The Great Train The Great Train RobberyRobbery

Music performed in Music performed in music halls, evolves music halls, evolves into Jazzinto Jazz


Sports Attract FansSports Attract Fans Baseball organized Baseball organized

into a businessinto a business Stadiums built for Stadiums built for

thousands (became a thousands (became a place for place for advertisement as well)advertisement as well)

African Americans had African Americans had a separate leaguea separate league

Horse racing, boxing, Horse racing, boxing, bike racing, basketball, bike racing, basketball, etcetc

Documents

Immigration and Urbanization. “New Immigrants” Old immigrants moved from Germany and Ireland Old immigrants moved from Germany and Ireland “New Immigrants”