Imaging studies of Lower limb

Dr. Abubakr H. Mossa

8.11.2007

Imaging studies of lower limb:

• X ray of lower limb.• US: doppler ultrasonography.• Angiography.• Ct scan & MRI of lower limb.

X-ray of lower limb

• Regions: hip, femur, knee, leg ankle & foot x-rays.

• Side: right or left.

• View: AP, lateral & special positions.

• Normal & abnormal x-rays.

Pelvic x-ray

Hip joint X-ray

Hip joint X-ray

Special hip joint view: oblique

Knee joint: lateral view

Knee joint AP view

Knee joint: skyline view ( tangential view)

Ankle joint: lateral view

Ankle joint: AP view

Case 1 Case Report• A seven-year old boy was brought

immediately to the Accident and Emergency department with a painful right knee, and inability to weight bear, following a trivial fall from a skateboard whilst playing. The child was otherwise fit and healthy, with no significant past or family history.

• On examination, he was found to be alert, co-operative and haemodynamically stable. But on clinical examination of his lower limbs, the right hip joint appeared to be partially flexed, adducted and internally rotated, with associated limb shortening. The right knee appeared intact and there was no evidence of distal neurovascular deficit. All movements were painfully restricted.

Traumatic dislocation of hip joint

• Occures in RTA • The limb usually is flexed

adducted & medially rotated, the position of the person riding a car.

• Posterior dislocation is more common.

• Nerve injuries may result. (which nerves are vulnerable to injury?)

• Dashboard injury.• Fracture femoral neck may

accompany the dislocation.

Fracture shaft of femur: comminuted fracture

Fracture distal femur

Fracture patella: lateral & AP views

Fractures of tibia & fibula

Fractures of MTs

Green stick fracture

US: doppler ultrasonography

Ct scan & MRI of lower limb.

1. Lower end of tibia 2. Calcaneal tendon 3. Calcaneus 4. Talus 5. Navicular 6. Medial cuneiform 7. Sustentaculum tali 8. First metatarsal

bone 9. Talocrural joint

(ankle)

MRI of ankle joint

MRI of knee & thigh

Angiography.

Fasciotomy & compartment syndrome

Palpation of lower limb vessels

thanks