14
Adolescent Mental Health & Assessments 11/8/2016 Flowers & Kimbell TPA 2016 1 Adolescent mental health and behavior: Getting the most from your assessments Texas Psychological Association Annual Convention November 2016 Presented by: Anise Flowers, PhD Anne-Marie Kimbell, Ph.D. Agenda Overview of MMPI-A-RF Overview of BASC-3 Family Introduction to BASC-3 Intervention Guide and Flex Monitor Case Study Application MMPI-A-RF Training Slides, University of Minnesota Press, 2016. Copyrights for all MMPI® and MMPI-A-RF™ materials are held by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. MMPI-A-RF Product Overview Assessment of major symptoms of psychological dysfunction, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies in adolescents. Administer to: Individuals 14-18 years old Qualification Level: C – PhD psychologists Completion Time: 25 – 30 minutes computer-administered 30-45 minutes paper-and-pencil Reading Level: 4.9 th grade (Lexile average), 4.4 th grade (Flesch-Kincaid) Administration: Q-global, Q Local, paper-and-pencil Scoring Options: Q-global, Q Local, Mail-In, Hand-scoring Report Options: Score and Interpretive Reports Features & Enhancements Most up-to date, empirically-based personality assessment for adolescents Mirrors the structure of the MMPI-2-RF, the most current version for use with adults Broad-based, comprehensive assessment includes 48 empirically validated scales 7 validity indicators Linked to current models of psychopathology & personality Developed for use in a variety of clinical, forensic, and school settings Customizable reporting options include: 10 gender-specific comparison groups Comparison group creation User-defined parameters for item-level and critical response reporting Factors in the Development of the MMPI-A-RF Need to reduce the high degree of MMPI-A scale intercorrelation Reduce redundant influence of demoralization factor across scales Reduce item overlap between scales Reduce scale content multidimensionality Develop a test based on roughly 250 items Test length of MMPI-A viewed by some as a significant disadvantage Develop an adolescent self-report measure comparable to the MMPI-2-RF but adapted to include measures uniquely related to adolescent psychopathology 6

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Page 1: Image by Photographer’s Name (Credit in white type ... · Overview of MMPI-A-RF Overview of BASC-3 Family Introduction to BASC-3 Intervention Guide and Flex Monitor Case Study Application

Adolescent Mental Health & Assessments 11/8/2016

Flowers &  KimbellTPA 2016 1

Adolescent mental health and behavior:

Getting the most from your assessments

Texas Psychological Association Annual Convention

November 2016Presented by:

Anise Flowers, PhDAnne-Marie Kimbell, Ph.D.

AgendaOverview of MMPI-A-RF

Overview of BASC-3 Family

Introduction to BASC-3 Intervention Guide and Flex Monitor

Case Study Application

Image by Photographer’s Name (Credit in black type) or Image by Photographer’s Name (Credit in white type)

MMPI-A-RF Training Slides, University of Minnesota Press, 2016. Copyrights for all MMPI® and MMPI-A-RF™ materials are held by the Regents of the University of Minnesota.

MMPI-A-RF Product Overview

Assessment of major symptoms of psychological dysfunction, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies in adolescents.

Administer to: Individuals 14-18 years old

Qualification Level: C – PhD psychologists

Completion Time: 25 – 30 minutes computer-administered30-45 minutes paper-and-pencil

Reading Level: 4.9th grade (Lexile average), 4.4th grade (Flesch-Kincaid)

Administration: Q-global, Q Local, paper-and-pencil

Scoring Options: Q-global, Q Local, Mail-In, Hand-scoring

Report Options: Score and Interpretive Reports

Features & Enhancements

• Most up-to date, empirically-based personality assessment for adolescents

• Mirrors the structure of the MMPI-2-RF, the most current version for use with adults

• Broad-based, comprehensive assessment includes• 48 empirically validated scales• 7 validity indicators

• Linked to current models of psychopathology& personality

• Developed for use in a variety of clinical, forensic, andschool settings

• Customizable reporting options include:• 10 gender-specific comparison groups• Comparison group creation• User-defined parameters for item-level and critical response reporting

Factors in the Development of the MMPI-A-RF• Need to reduce the high degree of MMPI-A scale

intercorrelation• Reduce redundant influence of demoralization factor

across scales• Reduce item overlap between scales• Reduce scale content multidimensionality

• Develop a test based on roughly 250 items• Test length of MMPI-A viewed by some as a

significant disadvantage• Develop an adolescent self-report measure

comparable to the MMPI-2-RF but adapted to include measures uniquely related to adolescent psychopathology

6

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MMPI-A-RF Project

• Project formed in late-2007 by University of Minnesota Press, Kent State University, and EVMS

• MMPI-2-RF used as a template, e.g., RC, Higher-Order, and Specific Problems Scales

• Norms based on MMPI-A normative sample• Clinical samples from several settings, with

data sets used separately for scale development and validation

• Reduced length from 478 to 241 items

7

Salient differences between the MMPI-A and the MMPI-A-RF

Variable MMPI-A MMPI-A-RF

Year of Publication 1992 2016

Primary Influence MMPI-2 MMPI-2-RF

Number of Items 478 241

Scale Structure Extensive item overlap across scales

Non-overlapping items within

hierarchical scale structure

Norms Gender Specific Non-gendered

T-score criterion for

clinical elevationT ≥ 65 T ≥ 60

8

11 studies including non-clinical samples (1995-2012)

MMPI-A Scales

Validity Clinical

L F K Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si

Mean 51.04 48.03 50.91 48.22 49.81 49.95 48.62 51.40 48.37 47.33 47.85 50.21 47.29

SD 9.27 8.43 9.13 9.92 10.22 9.36 9.06 9.91 9.35 10.46 10.07 10.64 11.61

9

Test responses from 2,256 adolescents

Results support consistency in descriptive findings using contemporary sample

MMPI-A-RF Structure

• Hierarchical scale structure •3 Higher-Order scales•9 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales, •25 Specific Problems (SP) scales, •Revised versions of the Personality Psychopathology-Five (PSY-5) scales

• 48 scales •6 Validity scales •42 Substantive scales

• Critical Items and Critical Responses• 241 items

10MMPI-A-RF Training Slides, University of Minnesota Press, 2016. Copyright for all MMPI®,

MMPI®-A, MMPI-A-RF®, and MMPI-2-RF® materials are held by the Regents of the University of Minnesota.

MMPI-A-RF Validity Scales

• VRIN-r (Variable Response Inconsistency-Revised) - Random responding

• TRIN-r (True Response Inconsistency-Revised) - Fixed responding

• CRIN (Combined Response Inconsistency) - Combination of fixed and random inconsistent

responding• F-r (Infrequent Responses-Revised)

- Responses infrequent in the general population• L-r (Uncommon Virtues-Revised)

- Rarely claimed moral attributes or activities• K-r (Adjustment Validity-Revised)

- Uncommonly high level of psychological adjustment 11

Higher-Order (H-O) Scales

• EID(Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction) - Problems associated with mood and affect

• THD (Thought Dysfunction) - Problems associated with disordered thinking

• BXD (Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction) - Problems associated with under-controlled behavior

12

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Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

• RCd (Demoralization) - General unhappiness and dissatisfaction• RC1 (Somatic Complaints) - Diffuse physical health complaints• RC2 (Low Positive Emotions) - A distinctive, core vulnerability

factor in depression• RC3 (Cynicism) - Non-self-referential beliefs that others are bad

and not to be trusted• RC4 (Antisocial Behavior) - Rule breaking and irresponsible

behavior• RC6 (Ideas of Persecution) - Self-referential beliefs that others

pose a threat• RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) - Maladaptive anxiety,

anger, and irritability• RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) - Unusual perceptions or thoughts

associated with psychosis• RC9 (Hypomanic Activation) - Over-activation, aggression,

impulsivity, and grandiosity, uncontrolled behavior13

Alpha CoefficientsScale Boys Girls Combined

RCD (18 items) .83 .87 .86

RC1 (23 items) .72 .80 .76

RC2 (10 items) .65 .61 .63

RC3 (9 items) .62 .59 .61

RC4 (20 items)

.71 .73 .71

RC6 (9 items) .63 .66 .64RC7 (11 items) .59 .68 .64

RC8 (8 items) .69 .64 .67RC9 (8 items) .47 .54 .50

14

Demoralization (RCd)Test Response

T score < 40 Reports a higher-than-average level of life morale and life satisfaction T score 60-79 Reports feeling sad and dissatisfied with his or her current life circumstancesT score ≥ 80 Reports feelings of depression, social isolation, low self-confidence, and

helplessness

Empirical CorrelatesMay experience suicidal ideationFeels life is a strainFeels sadReports feeling “depressed”Feels anxiousHas low self-esteemHas problems with attention and concentrationReports feeling ineffective in dealing with problemsComplains of low energy and fatigue

Diagnostic ConsiderationsEvaluate for depression-related disorder

Treatment ConsiderationsEvaluate risk for self-harm (if suicide items are endorsed or HLP ≥ 60) 15

Somatic/Cognitive Scales

• MLS (Malaise)- Overall sense of physical debilitation, poor health

• GIC (Gastrointestinal Complaints) - Nausea, recurring upset stomach, & poor appetite

• HPC (Head Pain Complaints) - Head and neck pain

• NUC (Neurological Complaints) - Dizziness, weakness, paralysis, loss of balance, etc.

• COG (Cognitive Complaints) - Memory problems, difficulties concentrating

16

Internalizing Scales• HLP (Helplessness/Hopelessness)

- Belief that goals cannot be reached or problems solved

• SFD (Self-Doubt) - Lack of self-confidence, feelings of uselessness

• NFC (Inefficacy) - Belief that one is indecisive and inefficacious

• OCS (Obsessions/Compulsions) - Varied obsessional and compulsive behaviors

• STW (Stress/Worry) - Preoccupation with disappointments, difficulty with time pressure

• AXY (Anxiety) - Pervasive anxiety, frights, frequent nightmares

• ANP (Anger Proneness) - Easily angered, impatient with others

• BRF (Behavior-Restricting Fears) - Fears that significantly inhibit normal behavior

• SPF (Specific Fears) Multiple specific fears

17

Externalizing Scales• NSA (Negative School Attitudes)

- Negative attitudes and beliefs about school

• ASA (Antisocial Attitudes) - Various anti-social beliefs and attitudes

• CNP (Conduct Problems) - Difficulties at school and at home, stealing

• SUB (Substance Abuse) - Current and past misuse of alcohol and drugs

• AGG (Aggression) - Physically aggressive, violent behavior

• NPI (Negative Peer Influence) - Affiliation with negative peer group

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Interpersonal Scales

• FML (Family Problems) - Conflictual family relationships

• IPP (Interpersonal Passivity) - Being unassertive and submissive

• SAV (Social Avoidance) - Avoiding or not enjoying social events

• SHY (Shyness) - Feeling uncomfortable and anxious around others

• DSF (Disaffiliativeness) - Disliking people and being around them

19

Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales

• AGGR-r (Aggressiveness-Revised) - Instrumental, goal-directed aggression

• PSYC-r (Psychoticism-Revised) - Disconnection from reality

• DISC-r (Disconstraint-Revised) - Under-controlled behavior

• NEGE-r (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised) - Anxiety, insecurity, worry, and fear

• INTR-r (Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised) - Social disengagement and anhedonia

20

Forbey and Ben-Porath MMPI-A-RF Critical Items

Content Area # of ItemAggression 2Anxiety 4Cognitive Problems 2Conduct Problems 7Depression/Suicidal Ideation 7Eating Problems 2Family Problems 2Hallucinatory Experiences 3Paranoid Ideation 6School Problems 4Self-Denigration 2Somatic Complaints 6Substance Use/Abuse 5Unusual Thinking 1

Total Items 5321

MMPI-A-RF InterpretationTopic MMPI-A-RF Source

I. Protocol Validitya. Content Non-Responsiveness CNS, VRIN-r, TRIN-r, CRINb. Over-Reporting F-rc. Under-Reporting L-r, K-r

II. Substantive Scale Interpretationa. Somatic/Cognitive Dysfunction RC1, MLS, GIC, HPC< NUC, COGb. Emotional Dysfunction 1. EID

2. RCd, HLP, SFD, NFC3. RC2, INTR-r4. RC7, STW, AXY, ANP, BRF, SPF, OCS, NEGE-r

c. Thought Dysfunction 1. THD2. RC63. RC84. PSYC-r

d. Behavioral Dysfunction 1. BXD2. RC4, NSA, ASA, CNP, SUB, NPI3. RC9, AGG4. AGGR-r, DISC-r

e. Interpersonal Dysfunction 1. FML2. RC33. IPP4. SAV5. SHY6. DSF

f. Diagnostic Considerations Most Substantive Scalesg. Treatment Considerations All Substantive Scales

22

MMPI-A-RF Profiles

23

Comprehensive Behavior Management Solution

24

Behavioral and  Emotional 

Screening System(BESS)

BASC‐3 Rating Scales

‐ Teacher Rating Scales (TRS)

‐ Parent Rating Scales (PRS)‐ Self‐Report of Personality (SRP)

Parenting Relationship Questionnaire 

(PRQ)

Structured Developmental 

History(SDH)

Student ObservationSystem(SOS)

Behavior Intervention Guide

Behavioral and Emotional

Skill‐BuildingGuide

Flex Monitor

Student ObservationSystem(SOS)

Parent Tip Sheets

Intervention Report

Documentation Checklist

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BASC-3 Components

• BASC-3 Teacher Rating Scales (TRS), Parent Rating Scales (PRS), and Self-Report of Personality (SRP)

• BASC-3 Student Observation System• BASC-3 Structured Developmental History• BASC-3 Parenting Relationship Questionnaire—all ages• BASC-3 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (Teacher, Parent,

Student Forms)• BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide• Behavioral and Emotional Skill-Building Guide, part of the BASC-3 family• BASC-3 Flex Monitor (Teacher, Parent, and Student Forms)

25

RATING SCALES (PRS, TRS, SRP)

Parent Rating ScalePreschool, Child, AdolescentAll available in Spanish as well as English

Teacher Rating ScalePreschool, Child, Adolescent

Self-report of PersonalityInterview, Child, Adolescent, CollegeChild & Adolescent also in Spanish

MOMENTUM NSM15 26

Systematic Approach to Interpretation

1. Interpret Validity Indexes

2. Interpret Composite Scores

3. Interpret Scale Scores

4. Interpret Items

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Rating Scales: Interpretation principles Most raters are truthful. Person with the most deviant ratings is the person

who knows the child best Referral Bias: (schools) Teacher ratings are going to be the most deviant Parents will identify smaller number of problems Child will identify none

Have a conversation with the raters for qualitative information

Embrace disagreeable ratings because they enhance your qualitative perspective

MOMENTUM NSM15 28

Q-global And The BASC-3

Q-global is a secure, online, web-based system used to administer and score the TRS, PRS, SRP, SDH, SOS, and PRQ forms.

Administration Options OSA (on screen administration ROSA (remote on screen

administration Sends an email to the respondent

containing a web link needed to complete the form

Then you will receive an email indicating the form is complete

Paper form & manual response entry

BASC-3 Q-Global Report Features• Validity Indexes• Clinical and Adaptive Scales• Content Scales• Clinical Probability Indexes• Executive Functioning Indexes• Validity Index Item Lists• Clinical And Adaptive Scale Narratives• Content Scale Narratives• Target Behaviors For Intervention• Critical Items• DSM-5 Diagnostic Considerations• Items By Scale• Item Responses

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Additional ReportsMulti-rater Report

Allows you to compare results from the BASC-3 PRS and TRS across multiple raters

Progress ReportAllows you to compare the same rater across multiple time points

Integrated Summary ReportCombines results from individual components including the SRP.

MOMENTUM NSM15 31

FREE!BASC-3 Multirater Report

32

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

33

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved

34Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

BASC-3 Integrated Report

Up to 5 BASC-3 TRS, PRS, & SRP recordsIncludes:

Validity Index Summary Table* Scaled score Summary Table*Shared Items Comparison section**

Administration selections must be from same report level (Preschool, Child, Adol)

Only one SRP can be included; no COLAdministration selections must be in “Report

Generated” status* Always prints on report** Only prints when significant discrepancies exist in responses

35 36

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Q-Global - Intervention Report

Adds Intervention Report section to BASC-3 Report

Intervention Report section content:•Table with Primary & Secondary improvement areas and Adaptive Strengths

•Intervention Summary Section•Walks through some different Intervention Options, using information from Intervention Guide

•Does not cover every Intervention suggested in Guide in every report

MOMENTUM NSM15 39

BASC-3 Behavior Intervention GuideKimberly Vannest, Cecil Reynolds, Randy Kamphaus

40

• Comprehensive set of empirically-based interventions for a variety of behavioral and emotional problems

• Organized around scales included on the BASC-3 TRS, PRS, and SRP forms

• Intervention Components include:• Behavior Intervention Guide (Paper and Digital)• Parent Tip Sheets• Documentation Checklist• Intervention Summary software report for TRS, PRS, and

SRP

BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide• Aggression

• Conduct

• Hyperactivity

• Attention

• Academic Problems

• Anxiety

• Depression

• Somatization

• Adaptability

• Functional Communication Problem

• Social Skills Problems

41

78 – Interventions across eleven of the most common problems of children and youth.

Step by step procedures (prep – implement-evaluate)

Considerations for practice and troubleshooting.

Elementary and Secondary illustrations.

Annotated bibliographies of research studies.

What is in the Guide?

Each of the 78 Interventions: THE BASICS - Descriptions of essential concepts,

about resources and skills needed The “PIE” approachPREP – what do I need to get started or use this intervention (training? Materials? Skill sets?)IMPLEMENT – step by step directions, examples for elementary and secondary grades, practical suggestions from actual implementers with studentsEVALUATE – what do I need to check on to see if this worked? What do I trouble shoot if I’m not sure I got the results I wanted

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Parent Tip Sheets

Supports professional practice by enhancing communication skills.

Provides support and partnership between home and school.

Includes:oBrief explanation of the nature and cause of problem behavioroSuggestions for working with their childoThree or four corresponding, evidence based strategies appropriate for a home setting.oChart to track and monitor progressoWebsites and additional resources for parents and families

43

Recent research summarized in the APA clinician’s digest…

Including an extensive meta-analysis, demonstrates that when parents are included as part of the treatment/intervention process for children and adolescents with EBDs, treatment effects improve between .5 and 1.0 SDs.

BASC-3 Parent Tip SheetsAggressionConduct ProblemsAcademic ProblemsAdaptabilityAnxietyAttention ProblemsDepressionFunctional

CommunicationHyperactivitySomatizationLeadership/Social Skills

45

Tools For Partnership

46

We must monitor Treatment Fidelity or it will not occur

Along with the Intervention Guides, the Documentation Checklist is available to document and assess treatment fidelity in for individual cases.

BASC-3 Flex Monitor: What is it?

A psychometrically sound means of developing user- customized behavior rating scales and self-report of personality forms tailored to the needs of:

1) the individual practitioner2) an individual case3) an individual program need

Reliability data and standardized scores are then obtainable for each unique form developed for your unique need.

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BASC-3 Flex Monitor

49

• Can be used to monitor behavioral and emotional functioning over a desired period of time

• Users will have the ability to:• Choose an existing monitoring form (ADHD, Ext.,

Int., Adaptive)• Create a form using an item bank• Choose a rater (teacher, parent, or student)• Administer digital or paper forms• Set up recurring administrations over a specified

time period• Generate monitoring reports to evaluate change

over time

BASC-3 Flex Monitor – How does it work?

50

• For custom forms, a user will be able to choose from our item pool and start “building” a form

• Items can be filtered/searched• When building the form, the

user will be able to compute the estimated reliability of the form, based on the standardization data sample

• Adjustments can be made to the form based on the user’s needs

BASC-3 Flex Monitor – How will it work?

51

• Forms can be saved, and shared with other users within a school or hierarchy

• Reports will include T scores that are generated based on the TRS/PRS/SRP standardization samples

• This enables comparisons with a normative population, describing the extremeness of scores

• Intra-individual comparisons (i.e., comparing time 1 vs. time 2, etc.) are also provided

BASC-3 Flex Monitor –Why choose the Flex Monitor?

52

• Based on the authors’ desires to move the field toward better practice

• In every other area of assessment, psychometric properties of the instruments being used are paramount; however, we tend to ignore it when using monitoring tools

• The BASC-3 Flex Monitor will be a unique offering that is exclusive to the BASC-3

• 15 year old boy

• Mother died in auto accident when he was 6 years

• Separation anxiety regarding father

• Received time-limited therapy

• As Stephen grew older, he became increasingly fearful and anxious, socially isolated, withdrawn

• Target of bullying

• Father concerned about refusal to participate in after school activities

• Referred for outpatient evaluation & treatment53

Stephen – Psychiatric Outpatient

54

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55 56

57 58

59 60

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61 62

Stephen’s SRP

MOMENTUM NSM15

T Score Percentile Rank

School Problems 39 14

Internalizing Problems 70** 95

Inattention/Hyperactivity 50 56

Emotional Symptoms Index 81** 99

Personal Adjustment 23** 1

F Index Response Pattern

Consistency L Index V Index

Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable

Stephen’sSRP

T Score Percentile Rank

Attitude to School 43 28

Attitude to Teachers 48 47

Sensation Seeking 35 5

Atypicality 50 63

Locus of Control 49 55

Social Stress 80** 99

Anxiety 65* 90

Depression 89** 99

Sense of Inadequacy 71* 96

Somatization 63* 87

Attention Problems 64* 90

Hyperactivity 36 2

Relations with Parents 45 27

Interpersonal Relations 10** 1Self-Esteem 27* 4

Self-Reliance 33* 5

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67

Stephen’s SRPContent Scales

T Score Percentile Rank

Test Anxiety 41 19

Anger Control 46 39

Mania 36 5

Ego Strength 14* 1

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DSM-5™ DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Listed below are DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria based on the ratings obtained from on the SRP-A rating form. Each section first presents a list of symptoms of the disorder, along with SRP-A items that correspond to these symptoms. Then related DSM-5 criteria and codes are presented. While information from SRP-A items will likely be helpful for making a diagnosis, clinicians are strongly encouraged to use additional information that is gathered outside of the BASC-3 SRP-A form (e.g., observations of behavior, clinical interviews) when making a formal diagnosis. Reprinted with permission from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (Copyright © 2013).

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BASC-3 SRP-A INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

Primary Improvement Areas

Secondary Improvement

Areas

Adaptive Skill Strengths

- Depression- Interpersonal Relations (Social Skills)- Self-Esteem- Sense of Inadequacy- Social Stress

- Self-Reliance- Anxiety- Attention Problems- Somatization

- None

Stephen's scores on Interpersonal Relations (Social Skills) and Depression fall in the clinically significant range and probably should be considered among the first behavioral issues to resolve. His score on Anxiety is also elevated and may warrant targeted interventions and/or further monitoring to ensure it doesn't worsen.

Note that Stephen has scores on Social Stress, Self-Esteem, Sense of Inadequacy, Self-Reliance, Attention Problems, and Somatization that are areas of concern. Interventions for these areas are not provided in this report. However, these areas may require additional follow up.

74

Primary Improvement Area:

Interpersonal Relations (Social Skills)

The essential elements of Social Skills Training include the following:

1. Identify the target social skills to develop.2. Teach the skills and talk about why each is useful or important.3. Model the skills through active demonstration.4. Help the child practice the skills in a controlled environment while receiving feedback.5. Assist the child in generalizing the skills by practicing them in new environments.

The procedural steps for incorporating social skills training into the treatment of social skills deficits are summarized below. See the BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide for a detailed discussion of this topic.

Primary Improvement Area:

Depression

There are two groups of intervention strategies that have been shown to effectively remediate problems associated with depression, including: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (which typically includes one or more of the

strategies below) Psychoeducation Problem-Solving Skills Training Cognitive Restructuring Pleasant-Activity Planning Relaxation Training Self-Management Training Family Involvement

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A detailed summary of Relaxation Training and Problem-Solving Skills Training intervention is provided below. See the BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide for additional details about these interventions, along with the other intervention strategies listed above.

Depression Problems Intervention Option 1:

Relaxation TrainingRelaxation training teaches children to relax by monitoring muscle tension created by stressful situations and events. Tension-related physical discomfort can exacerbate common depressive symptoms and cause a child to feel even worse about him- or herself and the situation. Improvements in the child's physical well-being can influence his or her thoughts and emotions and lead to a reduction in depressive symptomatology.

The goal of relaxation training is to help the child learn to use physiological changes in his or her body to relieve depressive symptoms.

The essential elements of Relaxation Training include the following:1. Identify emotional triggers and their corresponding physical symptoms.2. Teach the child the selected relaxation techniques.

The procedural steps for incorporating Relaxation Training into the treatment of depression are summarized below. See the BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide for a detailed discussion of this topic.

Depression Problems Intervention Option 2:

Problem- Solving Skills Training Problem solving enables a child to identify negative thinking that occurs in a specific situation, recognize how those thoughts can lead to depression, and replace those thoughts and subsequent feelings with healthier ones.

The goal of problem-solving skills training is to help a child to view situational depression (caused by a lack of positive reinforcement) as a dilemma to be resolved rather than as a hopeless situation or an incurable disease.

The essential elements of Problem-Solving Training include the following:1. Define the problem (e.g., thinking patterns, loss of appetite, decreased interest, agitation) as actionable.2. Generate potential actions or solutions.3. Evaluate these options.4. Select the option that is the best fit and try it out.5. Evaluate and revise as desired.

The procedural steps for incorporating problem-solving skills training into the treatment of depression are summarized below. See the BASC-3 Behavior Intervention Guide for a detailed discussion of this topic.

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Adolescent Mental Health & Assessments 11/8/2016

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Problem-Solving Skills TrainingImplemented for target behaviorsWorryingFeeling anxiousFeeling lonely

Stephen was seen for weekly therapy sessions.

Stephen completed the BASC-3 Standard Flex Self, Adolescent, Internalizing (10 items) once per month

BASC-3 Flex Monitor, Standard, internalizing

80

Flex Monitor Progress Report

QUESTIONS?

Anise Flowers, Ph.D.Assessment ConsultantSouth Texas

936-321-7663 [email protected]