International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 55

Design and Implementation of Data Logger for Vehicle Safety EiEi Thwe1, Theingi2 1(Mechatronic Engineering Department,Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar) 2 (Mechatronic Engineering Department,Western Yangon Technological University, Yangon,The Republic of the Union of Myanmar) I.INTRODUCTION The vehicle accident is a major public problem in manycountries,particularlyMyanmar.Despite awareness campaign, this problem is still increasing duetodriver'spoorbehaviourssuchasspeed driving,drunkdriving,drivingwithoutsufficient sleep,etc.Thenumbersofdeathanddisabilityare veryhighbecauseoflateassistancetopeoplewho gottheaccident.Thesecausehugesocialand economicburdenstoppeopleinvolved.Therefore, severalresearchgroupandmajorvehicle manufacturershavedevelopedsafetydevicesto protectdriversandpassengersfromaccidental injuries.However,goodsafetydeviceforvehicles is difficult to implement and very expensive. On the roadwaydriverusuallykeepasafetydistancefrom oneanother.Ontheotherhand,duetothedrivers interruption,long-timedrivingtiredness,ora suddenbreakappliedbyanothercar,aserious collision may occur. Even though the driver is in a consciousmind,hecannotrespondimmediatelyto control his/her vehicle. Sometimes crash may occurs duetobadweathersituationsasmist,vapour,fog and so on. Many cases remain pending due to unknownreasonofanaccident[1].Forvehicle safetyandsafetyforpassengersinvehicleisan importantparameter.Mostofthevehiclesget accidentbecausenopropersafetymeasuresare taken especially at curves and hair pin bends humps and any obstacles in front of the vehicle [2].Vehicle is the first place where safety starts. Hence we must trytoequipitwiththelatesttechnologiesand measures to make it a safe machine and also to keep our self and our loved ones safe. Always remember thatsafetystartsandendswiththepersonwho drives the vehicle. The cars and trucks found today havehighrangeofinbuiltsafetyaccessoriesto protecttheirpassengers.Beforeitusedtobejust seatbelts, but now more features have been included whicharemoreadvancedandefficientthan seatbelts.Warningalertsandalarmsareother security systems incorporated in the cars and trucks toalertusaboutvariousfactorslikeexceeding speed limit or smoke alarms. These are designed to makethepassengersawareofcrossingthe limitationswhichisimportantinmostofthetime andinmostcases.Inthesamewayherean RESEARCH ARTICLEOPEN ACCESS Abstract: Astherisingof transportationsystem design, somanydatalogger designwasdeveloped forsafety. Inour country, there are many accidents on highways. Both drivers faults and road construction cause accidents. To reduce these condition some safety systemsuchasobstacledetectionsystem,vehicledeclinationalarmsystem,temperatureandsmokeleveldisplayunit, signboardwarningonroadsidesshouldbeusedforbothdriverandpassengers.Inadditiondataloggersystemforwhole vehiclemustbeequippedforsafety.WiththeimplementationofPICmicrocontrollerasanEmbeddeddevice,thislogger designwasconstructedwithmanysensorsandC#service-baseddatabase.UsingArduinoboards,vehicledetectionsensing circuit, Check point radio signal sensing circuit for dangerous road sector, hall-effect magnetic wheel revolution sensing circuit were designed tobe connected withmain PIC microcontroller and PersonalComputer.Real time resultwas displayedon C# Graphical User Interface and Vehicle data log could be easily exported to Microsoft Excel report. Keywords -Arduino, alarm and alert system,C# service-based database, PC based control system, Vehicle datalogger. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 56 embeddedsystemhasbeendesignedtomakethe journeyofthepassengersinsideavehiclesafeand securewithvariousrecentlyfoundsafetyand security measures [3]. Therearedifferenttypesofvehiclecontrol systemsthathavenoflexibilityoverchoosingthe typesandnumberofsensorsused.Thesesystems are rebuilt devices with a limited number of sensors, withalimitedareaofcoverageandwithalimited capacity to control the electronic devices. Therefore theidea of vehicle control system was proposed, to overcomethelimitationsofthesystemalready available.Theusercanchoosethenumberof sensors, type of sensors, the area of coverage of the systemalongwiththenumberandtypesof electronicdevicestobecontrolled.Thecostofthe systemcanbedeterminedbytheuserasthecost depends on the hardware in the system. Fig.1. Block Diagram of Vehicle ControlSystem Theblockdiagramofvehiclecontrolsystem showninFig.1isforoveralldesignofsafety systemforbus.Inthisblockdiagramseatandbelt sensingcircuit,smokeleveldetectioncircuit, temperaturesensingcircuit,obstacledetection circuit,wheelrevolutionsensingcircuit,traction sensingcircuit,radiofrequencyreceiver,radio frequencytransmitter,alertsystem,personal computer,C#service-baseddatabaseandliquid crystal display are shown.TractionSensingCircuitgivesthedeclination angleofthebusandthedrivercanknowiteasily. WheelRevolutionSensingCircuitgivesalsothe actualdistancetravelled.ObstacleDetectorisused forfrontandbacksection.Alertsystemisadded toofordangerousconditions.Theradiofrequency module,thebuswillgetspecificsignalfromthe transmitterplacedondangerouscheckpoint. Importantrecordsuchasrecordtime,engine temperature,enginesmokelevel,backobstacle detection status, front obstacle detection status, mile travelledanddeclinationangles.Thesystemwas implementedusingMPLABsoftwarewithHi-tech CcompilerandC#programmingbasedon PIC18F4550 as USB HID. It was tested for stability and satisfactory operation. II. COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM Thedataloggersystemisconsideredwiththe following implementation of: DesignforRadioTransmitterandReceiver section Design for Traction Sensing section Design for Wheel Revolution Sensing section Design for Obstacle Sensing section DesignformaincontrolsectionbetweenC# programminglanguageandUSBHIDPIC microcontroller Design for Graphical User Interface section Design for Database section. A. Radio Transmitter and Receiver Circuit Design Fig.2. Checkpoint Placement on Highway Theblockdiagramofbussafetysystemshown inFig.3istodesignthesafetysystemfor transmittersection.Inthisblockdiagramsolar panel with battery charger, battery and 5V regulator, microcontrollerandradiotransmitterareshown. Eachradiotransmitteroneachdangerous checkpointonhighwayshouldtransmitdifferent signalsothatreceiveronbuscandistinguish International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 57 specificcheckpoint.AcceptablebaudrateforRF moduleKST-TX01is1200.Thelunchdistanceof thatmoduleis150metershowninFig.2.Sothe minimum distance between two checkpoints should be greater than 300 meter. Fig.3. Block Diagram ofCheckpoint Transmitter Section Eachcheckpointcoverswholecircleof150 meterradius.Thetransmitsignaluses8bitswide sonumberofcheckpointscanbeextendedupto 255accordingASCIIcodetable.Solarpanel generatesupto12Volts,andthebatterywillstore andrechargepowertoregulatorcircuit.The7805 regulatorICcircuitwilldrivemicrocontrollerand RF module with 5 Volts. Necessary circuit diagram is shown in Fig.4. Fig.4. Circuit Diagram of Checkpoint Transmitter Section Fig.5. Flowchart of Checkpoint Transmitter Section The flowchart shown in Fig.5 is for the operation ofcheckpointtransmitter.Firstlythe microcontrollerwillinitializeinput/outputports. Andthenbaudrate1200issetupandspecific signal for its checkpoint will be generated. Until the programisrestarted,thesignalwillbegenerated repeatedly. B. Traction Sensing Circuit Design Fig.6. Block Diagram ofADXL345 Accelerometer and RF Receiver Section Theblockdiagramofvehiclesafetysystem,RF receiver,microcontroller,ADXL345accelerometer and speaker are shown in Fig.6. Fig.7. Circuit Diagram of ADXL345 Accelerometer and RF Radio Receiver USBtoRS232moduleisusedtocommunicate ArduinowithPC.Fortractionsensingcircuit, ArduinoprominiisusedwithADXL345(3axis) sensorsothatthedangerousdeclinationangleof the bus will be sent back to PC. The receiver needs to check incoming signal from road-side checkpoint towers placed on dangerous zone. It needs to check thelistedorpredefinedcheckpoints.Accordingto checkroutinethebuzzerwillmakesound.PC displaywillbeupdatedwithcheckpointnumber. Eachradioreceiveronbusshoulddistinguish incomingsignalwhetherbusreachdangerouszone or not. Necessary circuit diagram is shown in Fig.7. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 58 Fig.8. Flowchart for ADXL345 and RF Receiver System The flowchart represents loop function of traction sensingandradioreceivershowninFig.8. Typically baud rate 9600 is used for communication betweenmicrocontrollerandPC.AnotherUART communicationof1200baudrateisusedas softwareserialforradioreceivingpart.Whenever checkpointdatareceive,buzzerwillbeenergizing as beat of alarm signal. C. Wheel Revolution Circuit Design Fig.9. Wheel Revolution Sensing Circuit Hallsensorisusedforwheelrevolutioncounter is shown in Fig. 9. is added and total mile travelled willbedisplayedonLCDdisplay.Thesensor generates 2.5V normally but when magnet on wheel approaches near to sensor, it will generate greater or lessthan2.5V.Inabovedesignbyturningpolarity magnet is placed so that sensor generates over 2.5V. Variableresistorcanbeadjustedtomeetrequired intensity.LM358OpAmpisusedforcompare positiveterminal andnegativeterminal.The output terminal of Op Amp is connected to Arduino digital input pin. D. Distance Sensing Circuit Design Fig.10. Block Diagram of Obstacle Detection Circuit InFig.10,anultrasonicdistancesensoris mountedinfrontandbackofthevehicletodetect theobstaclesupto13ftapart.Ultrasonicsignal transmissionandreceivingareperformedby ArduinoProMiniboard.Ifnearbyobstaclesare detected,ArduinowillsendsignaltoPIC microcontroller. Fig.11. Flowchart for Obstacle Detection System Above flow chart shows how ultrasonic distance sensingworks.Whensenseddistanceislessthan 200cm,Arduinopinforbuzzerwillbehighand outputpintoPICwillbeactivated.Whenthe International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 59 distanceisgreaterthan200cm,Buzzerwillbe stoppedandoutputpintoPICwillbedeactivated. Untilprogramstop,theroutinewillberepeated infinitely. E. Main Control Section Fig.12. Flowchart for Alarm and Alert Control When program start, it will send bus temperature, engine temperature, bus smoke level, front obstacle detectorandbackobstacledetector.Ifall temperatureisexceededdesiredtemperature, temperaturealarmwillbeON.Ifnot,temperature alarmwillbeOFF.Andthen,smokelevelis exceededdesiredsmokelevel,smokelevelalarm will be ON. If not, smoke level alarm will be OFF. Therefore,ifthereissomethingfrontandbackof thecar,obstaclesaredetected,obstaclealarmwill be ON. If not, obstacles alarm will be OFF. Fig.13. Flowchart for PIC Microcontroller in Vehicle System International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 60 Wheninputbufferstartedwith0x86addressis receivedfromPC,themicrocontrollerreadsADC valuesatitsanalogpinsandthensendsthevalues as array of hexadecimal value to PC.Wheninputbufferstartedwith0x99addressis receivedfromPC,themicrocontrollerreadspin status at its digital pins and then sends the values as array of hexadecimal value to PC.Wheninputbufferstartedwith0x88addressis receivedfromPC,themicrocontrollerreadsclock pulse at its digital pins and then sends the values as array of hexadecimal value to PC.Wheninputbufferstartedwith0x84addressis receivedfromPC,themicrocontrollerreads incoming data from and then drives its digital pins.Wheninputbufferstartedwith0x81addressis receivedfromPC,themicrocontrollerreads incomingdatastringinmessageandthendisplays on LCD display. StartSearch USB HID and USB SerialCalculate MileTravelled andDisplay on GUIControl Alarm andAlertExit?Endes!oDisplay Declination an"les and Chec#pointAdd Data to Data$ase per second%ead Data &rom USB Serial and Display on GUISend %e'uest Start (ith )x*+Display Analo" ,alue on GUISend %e'uest Start (ith )x--Display Seat . Belt on GUISend %e'uest Start (ith )x**Send Strin" (ith %e'uest Start (ith )x*/ Send 0utput Status (ith %e'uest Start (ith )x*1 Fig.14. Flow Chart for C# Program Control for Vehicle System Whenprogramstarts,itwillsearchUSBHID device according to their ID and also lists the serial COMportoftractioncontrolcircuit.Asthe frequentlyrepeatrequestitwillsendcommand started with 0x86 addresses. And then program will acceptincomingdataandwilldisplayandrecord analogsensormeasurementvalues.Itwillsend requeststartedwith0x99addressforseatandbelt GUIrepresentation.Fordistancetravelled measurementoption,it willsend commandaddress 0x88.Accordingtothedesiredtemperature,alarmand alertwillbeoperatedanditwillwritedatatoPIC withaddresscommand0x84.Fordisplayoption programwillcollectbusinformationandwillsend toPICwithcommandaddress0x81fordisplay option.Usingonesecondcounter ,someimportant input data will be recorded in database. ProgramwillcollectserialRS232signalwith baudrate9600.ArduinoprominiusingADXL345 library is used for displaying X,Y,Z axis declination angle reading and checkpoint indicating. Fig.15. Main controller Circuit Diagram USBinterfaceofmicrocontrollerwasusedto connectC#GUIofpersonalcomputer.USBHID (universalserialbushumaninterfacedevice)was implemented with MPLAB software with Hi-TechC compilersothatnomoreUSBdriverisneeded. LCDDisplaycanbeupdatedeasilyfromGUI control. So any other messages can be applied to all passengers. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 61 III.GUI IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING Fig.16. Real Time Control C# GUI TheGUIwasimplementednotonlyfor monitoringsystembutalsofordynamiccontrolin thealarmandalertsession.Drivercanalsoeasily repair message signal on LCD display to passengers. IntherunningconditionshowninFig.16 softwaresystem,passengersarealreadysatand buckledthesignalwillbealertisgreen.Ifnot,the signalwillnotbealertgreen(onepersonortwo personetc.)isabsent.Andthen,alarmsystemis addedonthebus.Therefore,alsoaddedfront obstaclealarm,backobstaclealarm,temperature alarm (engine temperature and car temperature) and smoke level alarm. If there is something front of the car,alarmwillringandfrontobstacleswitchwill showredsignal.Similarity,ifthereissomething backofthecar,alsoalarmwillringandback obstacle button will show red signal.Whentheinputtemperatureforvehicleand engineisincreasedoverdesiredlimit,thealarm systemwillstartandthisconditionwillbe displayedonLCD.Itwillrepeatandcheckuntil programstops.Thedesiredlimitsfortemperature sensingcanbeeasilyupdatedwhileprogram executing. IV. DATABASE DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING Fig.17. Database Table Design ByusingC#service-baseddatabasefeature, abovetableisconstructedwithseventypesof vehicleinformation.Ineverysecond,programwill store not onlyrecord time but also temperature and smokelevelofvehicleengine,FrontandBack Obstacledetectionstatus,travelledlengthand vehicledeclination.Thedatabasefileisplacedat the specific place on hard-drive. Fig.18. Recorded Log in every second WithGUIimplementation,startandend button were created for start and end of storing data. Clear button stands for Database clear option. For userfriendly,ShowandHidebuttonwere createdforshowandhidefordatagridview.User caneasilycheckbackvehiclestatusforevery second. Sample of recorded data table was shown in above figure. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 1 Issue 4, July Aug 21! ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.orgPage 62 Fig.19. Exported data in Microsoft Excel format Exportbuttonwascreatedforexportdatato MicroSoftExcelsothatdatacanbesavedas MSOFFICE format. For security reason, start and endbuttonwerelockedwithadministrator password. V.SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTSAND SYSTEM WORKING WhilePIC18F4550isconnectedwithPC,no moreUSBdriverisneededbecauseitis programmedasUSBHIDdevice.Butwhileusing ArduinoProMinasaUSBcompatible,USBto TTL(Prolific)moduleanddriverareneeded. DevelopedProgram(.exe)willworkonmostof windowssuchaswindow732-bitand64bit, window xp 32-bit and 64-bit because it is compiled with any CPU option. VI. CONCLUSIONS Thisvehiclecontrolsystemiseffectively achievedbyusinggraphicaluserinterface,visual C#programminglanguage.Theinterfacebetween thecomputerandthevehiclecontrolsystemis controlledbyUSBHID.Inthissystem,GUIis developedtomonitorandcontrolthesystem. Hardwareofvehiclesystemisdesignedwiththe prototype.Theoperationistestedbyinterfacing withGUI.Itcanbemonitored fromcomputer.The loggeddataineverysecondcanbereviewednot onlyindevelopedprogrambutalsoinMicrosoft excel.Thedisadvantageisthatsystemcanonly detect obstacle within 13ft range by using ultrasonic sensor.Thereareothertypeofsensorswhichcan detectmorerange.Asadvantage,therecanbe reductionofoccurringaccidents,safetyand comfortable of passengers by using this system. It is possibletouseasnotonlyanautomatedalert system but also good data logger, it also saves time and cost. ACKNOWLEDGMENT TheauthorisdeeplygratefultoDr.WutYiWin, AssociateProfessorandHead,Departmentof MechatronicEngineering,MandalayTechnological University, accomplishedguidance, herwillingness toshareherideaand,helpfulsuggestionsandfor herpatience,continuoussupervisionand encouragement during a long period of this paper. 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